CN109168551B - Onion and garlic crop stem cutting and root removing equipment - Google Patents
Onion and garlic crop stem cutting and root removing equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109168551B CN109168551B CN201811412990.4A CN201811412990A CN109168551B CN 109168551 B CN109168551 B CN 109168551B CN 201811412990 A CN201811412990 A CN 201811412990A CN 109168551 B CN109168551 B CN 109168551B
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D23/00—Topping machines
- A01D23/04—Topping machines cutting the tops after being lifted
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
- Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for cutting stems and removing roots of onion and garlic crops, which comprises a walking chassis and a collecting mechanism arranged at the rear part of the walking chassis; the front part of the walking chassis is provided with a lifting mechanism with a fruit dropping mechanism at the upper part; a stem cutting mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the fruit separating and dropping mechanism; the rear part of the stem cutting mechanism is provided with a root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism. The invention can be used as an independent operation machine, and the stem and root cutting and soil cleaning operation can be completed after manual or mechanical feeding to the lifting mechanism; the device can also be integrated with the digging, conveying and separating component, and can perform field operation fully automatically, thereby saving manpower and improving the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stem and root and whisker removing device for onion and garlic crops, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The garlic and onion planting areas in China are wide in distribution, the geographical environment is complex, and although large-scale planting is shown in many places, the vast rural areas are mainly produced in a scattered small piece production mode; the tuberous root crops such as onion and garlic have the common characteristics that the tuberous root crops grow underground, the root system is positioned below the root system, seedlings on the tubers are longer, and more soil is attached to the roots, and soil removal, seedling removal and root cutting are needed during harvesting. At present, harvesting of garlic, onion and the like is mainly performed manually, pick-up is performed manually by digging heads, soil shaking is performed manually, roots and beards are removed manually by cutting stems, and the like are conventional, so that the labor intensity is high, fruits are easy to damage, and the production efficiency is extremely low.
At present, research and disclosure are gradually made on the harvester for the tuberous roots and stems such as onions, garlic and the like in the market, but domestic research is carried out later, the mechanical function is relatively single, the efficiency is low, most of the harvesters are still in a semi-mechanized operation state, and the problems of uneven stem remaining length, high fruit injury rate, easiness in breaking stem seedlings and the like exist.
The technical problem is that how to perfectly combine the stem cutting and root cutting soil cleaning technologies of garlic and onion crops to realize the fully mechanized efficient harvesting operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects existing in the prior art and providing the block-shaped rhizome crop rhizome cutting device which is high in automation degree, ingenious and reasonable in structural design, more optimized in performance and high in production efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides onion and garlic crop stem and root cutting equipment, which comprises a walking chassis and a collecting mechanism arranged at the rear part of the walking chassis; the method is characterized in that: the front part of the walking chassis is provided with a lifting mechanism with a fruit dropping mechanism at the upper part; a stem cutting mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the fruit separating and dropping mechanism; a root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the stem cutting mechanism;
the stem cutting mechanism comprises a gesture adjusting conveying mechanism and a stem cutting mechanism arranged at the output end of the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism; the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism comprises at least one pair of rollers horizontally supported on the frame, elastic rubber strips which are axially spaced in groups and are distributed along the spiral feeding direction are wound on the outer circle surface of each roller, and each pair of rollers rotates from outside to inside and the spiral directions of the elastic rubber strips are opposite; a first posture adjusting curtain with an inverted V-shaped notch is arranged above the middle part of the roller, and the notch of the first posture adjusting curtain faces between the two rollers in a pair; the stem cutter mechanism comprises a pair of vertical stem cutting rotating shafts which are arranged at the output ends of each pair of rollers and rotate from outside to inside; the upper section of the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft is sleeved with an elastic fruit clamping cylindrical roller, and the lower section of the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft is provided with a disc-shaped stem cutting blade;
the root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism comprises a gesture adjusting and root cleaning soil conveying mechanism and a horizontal overturning baffle rod which is positioned behind the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft and is provided with a height higher than that of the disc-shaped stem cutting blade, and the input end of the gesture adjusting and root cleaning soil conveying mechanism is arranged below the overturning baffle rod; the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism comprises at least one pair of cylindrical rollers supported on the frame, wherein the outer circle surface of each cylindrical roller is provided with a group of brushes which are axially spaced and distributed along the spiral feeding direction, and the two cylindrical rollers in the pair rotate from outside to inside and the spiral directions of the brushes are opposite; a second posture adjusting curtain with an inverted V-shaped notch is arranged above the middle part of the cylindrical rollers, and the notch of the second posture adjusting curtain is opposite to the space between the two paired cylindrical rollers; the root cutting knife mechanism is arranged at the output end of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism and comprises a pair of vertical root cutting rotating shafts which are arranged at the output ends of the pair of two cylindrical rollers and rotate from outside to inside, the upper section of each vertical root cutting rotating shaft is sleeved with an elastic fruit clamping roller, and the lower section of each vertical root cutting rotating shaft is provided with a disc-shaped root cutting blade;
the collecting mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the root hair cutter mechanism.
The invention further optimizes the technical proposal that the lifting mechanism comprises a fruit soil leakage buffer frame arranged at the bottom of the lifting bracket; long slot holes are respectively formed in two sides of the bottom of the lifting bracket; the fruit soil leakage buffer frame comprises a group of parallel and fixedly connected bending rods and a first fixed connecting piece; the outer end part of the bending rod is outwards folded and extended to form a bending part, and two ends of the fruit soil leakage buffer frame are arranged in the long slot hole through a second fixed connecting piece; the rubber deflector rod at the inner side of the lifting support can cross the bending rod in a staggered way when being rotated and transmitted along with the belt.
Further, the fruit separating and dropping mechanism comprises a mounting frame with a reticular bottom plate, a first inclined sliding plate, a second inclined sliding plate, fruit sliding rods which are welded on the reticular bottom plate and are arranged at equal intervals, and a herringbone fruit sliding assembly which is welded in the middle of the reticular bottom plate; the herringbone fruit sliding assembly comprises a sliding plate, a connecting rod welded at the bent round angle of the sliding plate and a bent rod; round holes are formed in two ends of the connecting rod, one end of the bending rod is bent inwards and welded and fixed with the round holes, and the other end of the bending rod is sleeved with a rubber sleeve; the installation frame is fixed at the top of the lifting support, and the rubber deflector rod can cross the fruit sliding rod in a staggered manner when the rubber deflector rod is rotated and transmitted along with the belt.
The invention is further optimized in that the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism comprises two pairs of rollers supported on the frame, first side guardrails fixed with the frame are arranged on two sides of the upper part of the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism, and gesture-adjusting rubber curtains are arranged between the guardrails on two sides along the fruit conveying direction at intervals.
The invention is further optimized as follows: the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism comprises two pairs of cylindrical rollers supported on the frame, second side guardrails fixed with the frame are arranged on two sides of the upper portion of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism, and an elastic second gesture-adjusting curtain is arranged between the middle portions of the guardrails on the two sides.
The invention is further optimized as follows: the four pairs of rollers and the rotating shafts of the four cylinder drums are connected in a transmission way after power input through chain wheels and chains in a spaced pairing mode.
The invention is further optimized as follows: the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft and the vertical root cutting rotating shaft are coupled with a hydraulic motor above the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft through a suspension bearing.
The invention is further optimized as follows: when the device is used for garlic stem and root cutting operation, the distance between the axes of two rollers of each pair of rollers is 6.5 cm-10.5 cm; the distance between the axes of the two cylinders of each pair of cylindrical cylinders is 4 cm-5 cm.
The invention is further optimized as follows: when the device is used for onion stem and root cutting operation, the distance between the axes of two rollers of each pair of rollers is 10.5 cm-20 cm; the distance between the axes of the two rollers of each pair of rollers is 5 cm-8 cm.
The invention is further optimized as follows: the outer walls of the roller, the cylindrical roller and the bending rod are made of rubber materials.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention realizes high-quality stem and root cutting and soil cleaning work, solves the technical problems of various related machines at present, is an innovative design combined with the problems existing in practice of the existing harvesting equipment, overcomes the defects of single function and poor performance of the existing equipment, and can respectively realize the operations of different crops such as onions, garlic and the like by adjusting and replacing the diameter of a roll of a stem cutting mechanism, the diameter of a cylindrical roller of a root cutting soil cleaning mechanism, the number and the thread pitch of elastic rubber strips, the number and the thread pitch of a hairbrush spiral line, the bending angle of a sliding plate of a herringbone fruit sliding component, the rotation speed of a main transmission shaft and the like according to the physical size and the physical characteristic difference of the garlic and the onion. In addition, the invention is arranged by a ingenious and simple mechanism, properly solves a series of operation problems of reliable turning, preliminary righting and symmetrical righting of the stems and roots of onion and garlic crops, downward carding and flexible transfer of root hairs, cleaning of soil attached to the bottom of fruits, forced clamping of stems and root hairs, and the like, realizes the change of the postures of onion and garlic crops and stable feeding to complete the mechanical stem and root hairs cutting soil cleaning operation, thereby laying a foundation for developing bulk root and stem crop harvesters of onion, garlic and the like. The invention can be used as an independent operation machine, and the stem and root cutting and soil cleaning operation can be completed after manual or mechanical feeding to the lifting mechanism; the device can also be integrated with the digging, conveying and separating component, and can perform field operation fully automatically, thereby saving manpower and improving the working efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first perspective view of the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a second perspective view of the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a first view of a three-dimensional structure of a lifting mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a second view of the three-dimensional structure of the lifting mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the lifting mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a side view showing the relative positions of the fruit soil leakage buffer frame and the conveyor belt according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of a fruit separating and dropping mechanism according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a herringbone fruit sliding assembly in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a first view of a three-dimensional structure of a posture adjusting and conveying mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a second view of the three-dimensional structure of the posture adjusting and conveying mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a front cross-sectional view of the posture adjustment conveying mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a left side view of the posture adjustment conveying mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a right side view of the posture adjustment conveying mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a plan view of the posture adjusting and conveying mechanism and the fruit separating and dropping mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic perspective view of a posture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a front cross-sectional view of the posture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveyance mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a left side view of the posture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveyance mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a right side view of the posture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveyance mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a front view of the structure of the collecting mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a right side view of the structure of the collecting mechanism of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a schematic view showing the state of conveying fruits by the posture-adjusting conveying mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a schematic view showing a state of conveying fruits by the posture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Examples
The onion and garlic crop stem and root removing device provided by the embodiment is shown in fig. 1-4: comprises a walking chassis 1 and a collecting mechanism 2 arranged at the rear part of the walking chassis; the front part of the walking chassis 1 is provided with a lifting mechanism 4 with a fruit separating and dropping mechanism 3 at the top; a stem cutting mechanism 5 is arranged at the rear lower part of the fruit separating and dropping mechanism 3; the rear lower part of the stem cutting mechanism is provided with a root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism 6.
As shown in fig. 11-16, the stem cutting mechanism 5 comprises a gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 5-1 and a stem cutting mechanism 5-2 arranged at the output end of the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism; the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism comprises two pairs of rollers 5-1-3, and the rollers are arranged on a bearing with a seat 5-1-6 on a frame 5-1-1 through a rotating shaft 5-1-5; the outer circle surface of the roller is wound with groups of elastic rubber strips 5-1-2 which are axially spaced and distributed along the spiral feeding direction, and each pair of rollers rotates from outside to inside and the spiral directions of the elastic rubber strips are opposite; a first posture adjusting curtain 5-1-7 with an inverted V-shaped notch is arranged above the middle part of the roller, and the notch of the first posture adjusting curtain is opposite to the space between the two rollers in the pair; the stem cutter mechanism 5-2 comprises a pair of vertical stem cutting rotating shafts 5-2-2 which are arranged at the output end of each pair of rollers and rotate from outside to inside; the upper section of the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft is sleeved with an elastic fruit clamping cylindrical roller 5-2-1, and the lower section of the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft is provided with a disc-shaped stem cutting blade 5-2-3.
According to the technical scheme further optimized in the embodiment, first side guardrails 5-1-8 are arranged on two sides of the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism 5-1, and a group of gesture adjusting rubber curtains 5-1-4 are arranged between the side guardrails on two sides above each pair of rollers at intervals. Onion or garlic falls into the roll of the stem cutting mechanism from the fruit separating and dropping mechanism, the stem orientation of the fruit is disordered, when onion or garlic is conveyed forwards, the fruit stem enters the joint of the two rolls of the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism through the stirring action of the left and right gesture adjusting rubber curtains, the orientation of the fruit stem is in the same direction with the conveying direction, and the fruit stem is turned into a vertical downward direction through the opposite rotating action of the two rolls.
The notch of the first posture-adjusting curtain 5-1-7 is positioned at the center of the two rollers of the root cutting soil cleaning mechanism, and fruits are adjusted to the center of the two rollers under the stirring of the rubber curtain and the guiding action of the notch when onion and garlic with slightly inclined postures pass through the notch.
The reason why the fruit posture turning lever in this embodiment is higher than the mounting height of the disk-shaped stem cutting blade is that: the stem parts of onion and garlic fruits are cut off by the lower disc-shaped stem cutting blade 5-2-3 in the process of clamping and rotating the fruit clamping cylindrical roller 5-2-1, and are thrown backwards along with the rotation of the fruit clamping cylindrical roller, and in the process of back throwing, a certain part between the stem parts and the gravity center touches the horizontal overturning baffle rod, so that the onion and garlic fruits fall between the two cylindrical rollers of the gesture-adjusting back gouging soil conveying mechanism in a downward root hair posture.
17-20, the root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism comprises an attitude-adjusting and soil cleaning conveying mechanism 6-1 and a horizontal overturning baffle rod 5-3 which is positioned behind the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft and is higher than the disc-shaped stem cutting blade in installation height, wherein the lower part of the overturning baffle rod is the input end of the attitude-adjusting and soil cleaning conveying mechanism 6-1; the posture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism comprises two pairs of cylindrical rollers 6-1-2, and the cylindrical rollers are arranged on bearing seats positioned on the frame through rotating shafts; the outer circle surface of the cylindrical roller is provided with groups of brushes 6-1-1 which are axially spaced and distributed along the spiral feeding direction, and the two cylindrical rollers in the pair rotate from outside to inside and the spiral directions of the brushes are opposite; a second posture adjusting curtain 6-1-3 with an inverted V-shaped notch is arranged above the middle part of the cylindrical roller, and the notch of the second posture adjusting curtain is opposite to the space between the two paired cylindrical rollers; the root cutting knife mechanism 6-2 is arranged at the output end of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism 6-1, and comprises a pair of vertical root cutting rotating shafts 6-2-2 which are arranged at the output ends of two cylinder rollers in pairs and rotate from outside to inside, the upper section of each vertical root cutting rotating shaft is sleeved with an elastic fruit clamping roller 6-2-1, and the lower section of each vertical root cutting rotating shaft is provided with a disc-shaped root cutting blade 6-2-3.
According to the technical scheme further optimized in the embodiment, second side guardrails 6-1-4 fixed with the frame are arranged on two sides of the upper portion of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism, and elastic first gesture-adjusting curtains 6-1-3 are arranged between the middle portions of the guardrails on the two sides.
According to the further optimized technical scheme, the notch of the first posture adjusting curtain 6-1-3 is located at the center of the two cylindrical rollers of the root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism, and fruits can be adjusted to the center of the two cylindrical rollers through stirring of the rubber curtain and guiding action of the notch when onion and garlic with slightly inclined postures pass through the notch.
The technical scheme of this embodiment further optimizing is that the top of vertical stem cutting pivot and vertical root cutting pivot is through hanging bearing 8 and hydraulic motor 9 shaft coupling respectively.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the embodiment also comprises a power system 7 and a transmission system 10 which are arranged on the walking chassis 1; the power system comprises an engine, and the transmission system 10 comprises a first gearbox 10-1 and a second gearbox 10-2 which are respectively connected with an output shaft of the engine through a belt and a belt pulley; the output shaft I10-1-1 of the first gearbox is respectively connected with the power input shafts of the lifting mechanism and the collecting mechanism through belt pulleys, the output shaft II 10-1-2 is in power connection with the first roller rotating shaft 5-1-3-1 and the third roller rotating shaft 5-1-3-3 of the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism through chain wheels and chains, and the output shaft III 10-1-3 is in power connection with the rotating shafts of the first cylinder roller 6-1-2-1 and the third cylinder roller 6-1-2-3 of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism through the chain wheels and the chains; the output shaft I10-2-1 of the second gearbox 10-2 is in power connection with the second roller rotating shaft 5-1-3-2 and the fourth roller rotating shaft 5-1-3-4 of the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism through a chain wheel and a chain, and the output shaft II 10-2-2 is in power connection with the rotating shafts of the second cylindrical roller 6-1-2-2 and the fourth cylindrical roller 6-1-2-4 of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism through the chain wheel and the chain.
As shown in fig. 5-7, the lifting mechanism 4 in the embodiment comprises a lifting bracket 4-1, a driving pulley 4-4 arranged on the lifting bracket, a conveying belt 4-6 horizontally provided with a plurality of groups of rubber deflector rods 4-5, an upper shield 4-7 arranged on two sides of the top of the lifting bracket, and a fruit soil leakage buffer frame 4-2 arranged at the bottom of the lifting bracket 4-1; the rubber deflector rod is fixedly arranged on the conveying belt through deflector rod installation rods 4-8; long slot holes 4-3 are respectively formed on two sides of the bottom of the lifting bracket; the fruit soil leakage buffer frame 4-2 comprises a group of parallel fixedly connected bending rods 4-2-1 and first fixedly connected pieces 4-2-2; the outer end part of the bending rod is outwards folded and extended to form a bending part 4-2-3, and two ends of the fruit soil leakage buffer frame are arranged in the long slot hole through a second fixed connecting piece 4-9; the rubber deflector rod at the inner side of the lifting support can cross the arc-shaped bending rod in a staggered way when being conveyed along with the belt. In this embodiment, can adjust the position of installing of fruit hourglass soil buffer frame in the slotted hole and adjust the distance between fruit hourglass soil buffer frame and the rubber driving lever to change fruit hourglass soil buffer frame buffer area size, with the fruit of adaptation different geometry, the clearance between the crooked pole of fruit hourglass soil buffer frame can also filter the separation to the earth that the fruit root is attached simultaneously.
As shown in fig. 8-11, the fruit separating and dropping mechanism 3 comprises a mounting frame 3-2 with a net-shaped bottom plate 3-1, a first inclined sliding plate 3-3 fixedly arranged on two sides of the mounting frame 3-2, a second inclined sliding plate 3-4, fruit sliding rods 3-5 welded on the net-shaped bottom plate 3-1 and arranged at equal intervals, and a herringbone fruit sliding assembly 3-6 welded in the middle of the net-shaped bottom plate; the herringbone fruit sliding assembly 3-6 comprises a sliding plate 3-6-1, a connecting rod 3-6-2 welded at the bent round angle of the sliding plate and a bending rod 3-6-3; two ends of the connecting rod 3-6-2 are provided with round holes, one end of the bending rod is bent inwards and welded with the round holes, and the other end is sleeved with a rubber sleeve 3-6-4. The rubber sleeve 3-6-4 can rotate, can prevent seedling hanging and is beneficial to fruit sliding. The mounting frame 3-2 is fixed on the top of the lifting bracket, and the rubber deflector rods 4-5 can cross through the fruit sliding rods 3-5 when rotating and transmitting along with the belt 4-6.
The technical scheme of this embodiment further optimization is that roll outer wall, perpendicular root cutting stem pivot outer wall, brush and crooked pole are the rubber material.
The collection mechanism is positioned rearwardly and downwardly of the root hair cutter mechanism as shown in figures 21-22. The collecting mechanism 2 comprises a frame 2-1 fixedly arranged on the walking chassis, a conveyor belt 2-2 arranged on the frame, a fruit dividing plate 2-3 arranged at the rear part of the conveyor belt and a fruit accommodating box 2-4 arranged at a discharge hole 2-6 below the fruit dividing plate; the conveyor belt transmits power through a tensioning device 2-5 and a chain, a chain wheel and an output shaft I10-1-1 of the first gearbox, which are arranged on the side part of the frame. The bottom of the fruit dividing plate is provided with a hanging band plate 2-7 for hanging and receiving the woven bags of the fruits.
When the device is used for onion stem and root cutting operation, the distance between the axes of two rollers of each pair of rollers is 10.5 cm-20 cm; the distance between the axes of the two rollers of each pair of rollers is 5 cm-8 cm. When the device is used for garlic stem and root cutting operation, the distance between the axes of two rollers of each pair of rollers is 6.5 cm-10.5 cm; the distance between the axes of the two cylinders of each pair of cylindrical cylinders is 4 cm-5 cm. Specifically, the garlic is selected according to the different transverse diameter varieties of garlic or onion.
The working process of the invention comprises the following steps:
the whole machine power of the invention is provided by an engine, and all main operation components are driven to move through a transmission system.
The garlic or onion crop 11 enters the fruit separating and dropping mechanism which is conveyed to the top by the lifting mechanism, is separated into two paths which are parallel to each other by the fruit separating and dropping mechanism, falls onto the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism, is adjusted by the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism to be in a downward gesture of a stem, enters the stem cutting mechanism, completes stem cutting, and is thrown backwards. As shown in fig. 23, in the process, because the diameters of the two pairs of rollers are relatively large compared with the diameters of fruits, stems and leaves are long and are easy to be clamped by the pairs of rollers, roots are thin and short and suspended between the two pairs of rollers, so that in the process of relative rotation of the pairs of rollers, the stems and leaves of onion and garlic crops are primarily clamped in position by the rollers which rotate in opposite directions in a spiral manner, and meanwhile, the stems and leaves are flexibly transferred towards the output end in the direction of the cutter under the rotation action of the spiral elastic rubber strip; because the rootstock is basically in a regular elliptic sphere shape, the fruits with the roots suspended downwards are corrected by the gesture adjusting rubber curtains at two sides, even if deflection occurs in the transferring process, the fruits are corrected by the bevel edges of the notches when passing through the reverse V-shaped notch of the elastic gesture adjusting curtain, so that the fruits enter into two rotating elastic fruit clamping rollers with forced feeding function in an ideal gesture, the two soft rubber clamping rollers have elasticity, after garlic or onion enter into the opposite soft rubber clamping rollers, the two soft rubber clamping rollers retract to generate resilience force, clamping and pushing operation is generated on the onion or garlic by virtue of the resilience force of the soft rubber clamping rollers, and the stems are cut off when passing between the two disc-shaped root cutting blades below; then the root cutting and soil cleaning operation is carried out.
After the stem cutting operation of the fruits is completed through the stem cutting mechanism, in the post-throwing falling process, a certain part between the stem and the gravity center is contacted with a horizontal overturning baffle rod, the fruits rotate under the assistance of a fruit posture adjusting baffle rod, the fruits are changed into downward root hair postures and fall between cylindrical rollers of a posture adjusting back gouging soil conveying mechanism, the root hair of onion and garlic crops is initially positioned by the opposite rolling cylindrical surfaces in the relative rotation process of the two cylindrical rollers due to the fact that the diameter of the cylindrical rollers is smaller than that of the fruits, the root hair of the onion and garlic crops is brushed by a hairbrush to remove soil, and the root hair of the onion and the garlic crops is downwards suspended and clamped in the interval of the two cylindrical rollers, as shown in fig. 24; meanwhile, the crop rootstock is flexibly transferred towards the output end of the cutter direction smoothly due to the spiral rotation effect of the brush; because the rootstock is basically in a regular elliptic sphere shape, even if deflection occurs in the transferring process, when the rootstock passes through an inverted V-shaped notch of the elastic posture-adjusting curtain, the rootstock is corrected by two symmetrical oblique sides, so that the rootstock enters into two elastic fruit clamping rollers with forced feeding function in an ideal posture, and root hairs are cut off by the gap between two disc-shaped root cutting blades; and then enter two fruit boxes of the collecting mechanism in two paths.
In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The onion and garlic crop stem and root cutting equipment comprises a walking chassis (1) and a collecting mechanism (2) arranged at the rear part of the walking chassis; the method is characterized in that: a lifting mechanism (4) with a fruit dropping mechanism (3) at the upper part is arranged at the front part of the walking chassis; a stem cutting mechanism (5) is arranged at the rear lower part of the fruit separating and dropping mechanism; a root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism (6) is arranged at the rear lower part of the stem cutting mechanism;
the stem cutting mechanism comprises a gesture adjusting conveying mechanism (5-1) and a stem cutting mechanism (5-2) arranged at the output end of the gesture adjusting conveying mechanism; the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism comprises at least one pair of rollers (5-1-3) horizontally supported on a frame (5-1-1), elastic rubber strips (5-1-2) which are axially spaced in groups and are distributed along the spiral feeding direction are wound on the outer circle surface of each roller, and each pair of rollers rotates from outside to inside and the spiral directions of the elastic rubber strips are opposite; a first posture adjusting curtain (5-1-7) with an inverted V-shaped notch is arranged above the middle part of the roller, and the notch of the first posture adjusting curtain is opposite to the space between the two rollers in the pair; the stem cutter mechanism comprises a pair of vertical stem cutting rotating shafts (5-2-2) which are arranged at the output ends of each pair of rollers and rotate from outside to inside; the upper section of the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft is sleeved with an elastic fruit clamping cylindrical roller (5-2-1), and the lower section is provided with a disc-shaped stem cutting blade (5-2-3);
the root cutting and soil cleaning mechanism comprises an attitude adjusting and back gouging soil conveying mechanism (6-1) and a horizontal overturning baffle rod (5-3) which is positioned behind the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft and is higher than the disc-shaped stem cutting blade in installation height, and the input end of the attitude adjusting and back gouging soil conveying mechanism (6-1) is arranged below the overturning baffle rod; the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism comprises at least one pair of cylindrical rollers (6-1-2) supported on a frame, wherein the outer circle surface of each cylindrical roller is provided with a group of brushes (6-1-1) which are axially spaced and are distributed along the spiral feeding direction, and the two cylindrical rollers in the pair rotate from outside to inside and the spiral directions of the brushes are opposite; a second posture adjusting curtain (6-1-3) with an inverted V-shaped notch is arranged above the middle part of the cylindrical roller, and the notch of the second posture adjusting curtain is opposite to the space between the two paired cylindrical rollers; the output end of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism (6-1) is provided with a root cutting knife mechanism (6-2), the root cutting knife mechanism comprises a pair of vertical root cutting rotating shafts (6-2-2) which are arranged at the output ends of two pairs of cylindrical rollers and rotate outwards and inwards, the upper section of each vertical root cutting rotating shaft is sleeved with an elastic fruit clamping roller (6-2-1), and the lower section of each vertical root cutting rotating shaft is provided with a disc-shaped root cutting blade (6-2-3);
the collecting mechanism is arranged at the rear lower part of the root hair cutter mechanism;
the lifting mechanism (4) comprises a fruit soil leakage buffer frame (4-2) arranged at the bottom of the lifting bracket (4-1); long slot holes (4-3) are respectively formed in two sides of the bottom of the lifting bracket; the fruit soil leakage buffer frame comprises a group of parallel and fixedly connected bending rods (4-2-1) and first fixed connecting pieces (4-2-2); the outer end part of the bending rod is outwards folded and extended to form a bending part (4-2-3), and two ends of the fruit soil leakage buffer frame are arranged in the long slot hole through a second fixed connecting piece (4-9); the rubber deflector rods (4-5) at the inner side of the lifting support can cross the bending rods (4-2-1) when rotating and transmitting along with the belt (4-6);
the fruit separating and dropping mechanism (3) comprises a mounting frame (3-2) with a net-shaped bottom plate (3-1), first inclined sliding plates (3-3) fixedly arranged on two sides of the mounting frame, second inclined sliding plates (3-4), fruit sliding rods (3-5) welded on the net-shaped bottom plate and uniformly arranged at intervals, and a herringbone fruit sliding assembly (3-6) welded in the middle of the net-shaped bottom plate; the herringbone fruit sliding assembly comprises a sliding plate (3-6-1), a connecting rod (3-6-2) welded at the bending round angle of the sliding plate and a bending rod (3-6-3); round holes are formed in two ends of the connecting rod, one end of the bending rod is bent inwards and welded and fixed with the round holes, and the other end of the bending rod is sleeved with a rubber sleeve (3-6-4); the mounting frame is fixed at the top of the lifting bracket, and the rubber deflector rods (4-5) can cross the fruit sliding rods (3-5) in a staggered manner when being rotated and transmitted along with the belt (4-6).
2. The onion and garlic crop stem and root and hair cutting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism comprises two pairs of rollers supported on the frame, first side guardrails (5-1-8) fixed with the frame are arranged on two sides of the upper portion of the gesture-adjusting conveying mechanism, and gesture-adjusting rubber curtains (5-1-4) are arranged between the guardrails on the two sides along the fruit conveying direction at intervals.
3. The onion and garlic crop stem and root and hair cutting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism comprises two pairs of cylindrical rollers supported on a frame, second side guardrails (6-1-4) fixed with the frame are arranged on two sides of the upper portion of the gesture-adjusting back-gouging soil conveying mechanism, and elastic second gesture-adjusting curtains (6-1-3) are arranged between the middle portions of the guardrails on the two sides.
4. The onion and garlic crop stem and root and hair cutting device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the four pairs of rollers and the rotating shafts of the four cylinder drums are connected in a transmission way after power input through chain wheels and chains in a spaced pairing mode.
5. The onion and garlic crop stem and root hair removal apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft and the vertical root cutting rotating shaft are coupled with a hydraulic motor (9) above the vertical stem cutting rotating shaft through a suspension bearing (8).
6. The onion and garlic crop stem and root hair removal apparatus of claim 5, wherein: when the device is used for garlic stem and root cutting operation, the distance between the axes of two rollers of each pair of rollers is 6.5 cm-10.5 cm; the distance between the axes of the two cylinders of each pair of cylindrical cylinders is 4 cm-5 cm.
7. The onion and garlic crop stem and root hair removal apparatus of claim 6, wherein: when the device is used for onion stem and root cutting operation, the distance between the axes of two rollers of each pair of rollers is 10.5 cm-20 cm; the distance between the axes of the two rollers of each pair of rollers is 5 cm-8 cm.
8. Onion, garlic crop stem and root hair removal apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein: the outer walls of the roller, the cylindrical roller and the bending rod are made of rubber materials.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811412990.4A CN109168551B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Onion and garlic crop stem cutting and root removing equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811412990.4A CN109168551B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Onion and garlic crop stem cutting and root removing equipment |
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| CN109168551B true CN109168551B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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| CN110788904B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-20 | 浙江理工大学 | Secondary broccoli cutting device and method for conveying and posture adjusting through screw shaft and optical axis in differential mode |
| CN114158338B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2023-01-13 | 吉林大学 | Automatic green Chinese onion collecting and laying mechanism of green Chinese onion harvester |
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| JP3115493U (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-10 | 一 小楠 | Onion rhizome cutting device |
| CN107637253A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-30 | 刘铮 | Multi-functional root crop combine harvester |
| CN107750575A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-06 | 合肥岭启信息科技有限公司 | A kind of block harvester for rhizome crops |
| CN209299728U (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-08-27 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of onion, garlic class crop cut stem and root are gone to equip |
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2018
- 2018-11-23 CN CN201811412990.4A patent/CN109168551B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3115493U (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2005-11-10 | 一 小楠 | Onion rhizome cutting device |
| CN107637253A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-01-30 | 刘铮 | Multi-functional root crop combine harvester |
| CN107750575A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-06 | 合肥岭启信息科技有限公司 | A kind of block harvester for rhizome crops |
| CN209299728U (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-08-27 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A kind of onion, garlic class crop cut stem and root are gone to equip |
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