WO2021023279A1 - 一种取向硅钢退火工艺 - Google Patents
一种取向硅钢退火工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021023279A1 WO2021023279A1 PCT/CN2020/107539 CN2020107539W WO2021023279A1 WO 2021023279 A1 WO2021023279 A1 WO 2021023279A1 CN 2020107539 W CN2020107539 W CN 2020107539W WO 2021023279 A1 WO2021023279 A1 WO 2021023279A1
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- molten iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1255—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps
Definitions
- the invention provides an annealing process for oriented silicon steel, which belongs to the technical field of oriented silicon steel production.
- Oriented silicon steel is a ferrosilicon alloy with preferential orientation of grains produced by deformation and recrystallization annealing. Its silicon content is about 3% and its carbon content is very low.
- the products are cold-rolled plates or strips with nominal thicknesses of 0.18, 0.23, 0.28, 0.30 and 0.35mm.
- This soft magnetic material is mainly used to manufacture various transformers, fluorescent lamp ballasts and stator cores of turbo generators.
- iron loss includes hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.
- Hysteresis loss refers to the inherent loss of ferromagnetic material as a magnetic medium under a certain excitation magnetic field; eddy current loss refers to the induction electromotive force generated by the iron core when the magnetic flux is alternating. Induced current, the loss caused by the induced current on the core resistance is the eddy current loss.
- the existing production process of oriented silicon steel is basically as follows: hot metal demanganization ⁇ smelting ⁇ vacuum treatment ⁇ die casting ⁇ billeting ⁇ hot continuous rolling ⁇ pickling ⁇ one cold rolling ⁇ Decarburization annealing ⁇ second cold rolling ⁇ coating MgO ⁇ high temperature annealing ⁇ flattening annealing and coating insulating film; how to reduce iron loss stably on the basis of the existing technology is not available in intuitive literature.
- the market has put forward higher requirements for the performance of oriented silicon steel. Energy saving, consumption reduction, and cost reduction have become the inevitable trend of transformer production.
- the invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides an annealing process for oriented silicon steel that reduces iron loss and improves magnetic induction.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an annealing process for oriented silicon steel, the process steps are followed by hot metal demanganization, smelting, vacuum treatment, die casting, billeting, hot continuous rolling, pickling, and one-time cold rolling. , Decarburization annealing, aging annealing, secondary cold rolling, MgO coating, high temperature annealing, flattening annealing and insulating film coating.
- the steel strip is controlled to be carried out at 300°C ⁇ 500°C under nitrogen atmosphere Aging annealing.
- Vacuum treatment Put the molten iron converter in the second step into a vacuum vessel, and exhaust the gas dissolved in the molten iron as much as possible to improve the quality of steel;
- the molten iron described in the third step is cast into a blooming slab through a tundish, and used after being cooled by a billet;
- the steel strip decarburized and annealed in the eighth step is aging annealed under a nitrogen atmosphere at 300°C to 500°C;
- High temperature annealing is carried out on the steel coil in the eleventh step through the CB wire;
- the holding time of the aging annealing is 2 to 4 hours.
- the charge includes: apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings, and the weight ratio of the apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings is 100:16:26:42.
- the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the present invention adopts aging annealing at a temperature of 300°C to 500°C. Due to the lower aging annealing temperature, it can effectively precipitate fine carbides and strengthen the steel The precipitation of inhibitors. By tracking the finished products of aging-annealed oriented silicon steel and unaged oriented silicon steel, it is found that the iron loss of the finished aging-annealed oriented silicon steel coil is reduced by 0.03W/Kg.
- a oriented silicon steel annealing process the specific process steps are:
- Vacuum treatment Put the molten iron converter in the second step into a vacuum vessel, and exhaust the gas dissolved in the molten iron as much as possible to improve the quality of steel;
- the molten iron described in the third step is cast into a blooming slab through a tundish, and used after being cooled by a billet;
- the steel strip decarburized and annealed in the eighth step is aging annealed at 420°C under a nitrogen atmosphere;
- High temperature annealing is carried out on the steel coil in the eleventh step through the CB wire;
- the holding time of the aging annealing is 3h.
- the charge includes: apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings, and the weight ratio of the apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings is 100:16:26:42.
- a oriented silicon steel annealing process the specific process steps are:
- Vacuum treatment Put the molten iron converter in the second step into a vacuum vessel, and exhaust the gas dissolved in the molten iron as much as possible to improve the quality of steel;
- the molten iron described in the third step is cast into a blooming slab through a tundish, and used after being cooled by a billet;
- the steel strip decarburized and annealed in the eighth step is aging annealed under a nitrogen atmosphere at 300°C;
- High temperature annealing is carried out on the steel coil in the eleventh step through the CB wire;
- the holding time of the aging annealing is 4h.
- the charge includes: apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings, and the weight ratio of the apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings is 100:16:26:42.
- a oriented silicon steel annealing process the specific process steps are:
- Vacuum treatment Put the molten iron converter in the second step into a vacuum vessel, and exhaust the gas dissolved in the molten iron as much as possible to improve the quality of steel;
- the molten iron described in the third step is cast into a blooming slab through a tundish, and used after being cooled by a billet;
- the steel strip decarburized and annealed in the eighth step is aging annealed at 410°C under a nitrogen atmosphere;
- High temperature annealing is carried out on the steel coil in the eleventh step through the CB wire;
- the holding time of the aging annealing is 3h.
- the charge includes: apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings, and the weight ratio of the apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings is 100:16:26:42.
- a oriented silicon steel annealing process the specific process steps are:
- Vacuum treatment Put the molten iron converter in the second step into a vacuum vessel, and exhaust the gas dissolved in the molten iron as much as possible to improve the quality of steel;
- the molten iron described in the third step is cast into a blooming slab through a tundish, and used after being cooled by a billet;
- the steel strip decarburized and annealed in the eighth step is aging annealed at 500°C under a nitrogen atmosphere;
- High temperature annealing is carried out on the steel coil in the eleventh step through the CB wire;
- the holding time of the aging annealing is 2h.
- the charge includes: apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings, and the weight ratio of the apatite, coke, silica, and iron filings is 100:16:26:42.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
Abstract
一种取向硅钢退火工艺，属于取向硅钢生产制造技术领域。提供了一种降低铁损提高磁感的取向硅钢退火工艺，技术方案为：一种取向硅钢退火工艺，步骤包括：铁水脱锰→冶炼→真空处理→模铸→开坯→热连轧→酸洗→一次冷轧→脱碳退火→300℃～500℃时效退火→二次冷轧→涂MgO→高温退火→平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。该工艺专用于取向硅钢冶炼制造生产领域。
Description
本发明一种取向硅钢退火工艺，属于取向硅钢生产制造技术领域。
取向硅钢是一种通过形变和再结晶退火产生晶粒择优取向的硅铁合金，它的硅含量约3％，碳含量很低。产品为冷轧板或带材，公称厚度为0.18、0.23、0.28、0.30和0.35mm。这种软磁材料主要用于制造各种变压器、日光灯镇流器和汽轮发电机定子铁芯。当取向硅钢作为磁介质在交变电流的工作环境下被磁化时，一部分能量会在电磁转换过程中转化为热量损失掉，这部分损失的能量被称为铁损。铁损包括磁滞损耗和涡流损耗，磁滞损耗是指铁磁材料作为磁介质，在一定励磁磁场下产生的固有损耗；涡流损耗是指磁通发生交变时，铁芯产生感应电动势进而产生感应电流，感应电流在铁芯电阻上产生的损耗就是涡流损耗。
取向硅钢降低铁损提高磁感是个很艰难的课题，现有的取向硅钢生产工艺基本如下：铁水脱锰→冶炼→真空处理→模铸→开坯→热连轧→酸洗→一次冷轧→脱碳退火→二次冷轧→涂MgO→高温退火→平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜；如何在现有的工艺基础上较稳定的降低铁损无直观的文献资料可查。而市场又对取向硅钢的性能提出了更高的要求，节能降耗、降成本成为变压器生产制造的必然趋势。
本发明克服了现有技术存在的不足，提供了一种降低铁损提高磁感的取向硅钢退火工艺。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种取向硅钢退火工艺，工艺步骤依次为铁水脱锰、冶炼、真空处理、模铸、开坯、热连轧、酸洗、一次冷轧、脱碳退火、时效退火、二次冷轧、涂MgO、高温退火、平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，在所述时效退火步骤中控制钢带在300℃～500℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火。
所述工艺具体步骤为：
1）铁水脱锰，检测高炉铁水中的锰含量，根据锰含量将氧化铁皮加入鱼雷罐中进行预热过程，预热过程的时间控制在2～3小时，当进行铁水脱锰操作时，将高炉出铁的高温铁水引入鱼雷罐内部；高温铁水与预热后的氧化铁皮充分混合并发生氧化还原反应；
2）冶炼，第一步所述脱锰铁水装填至电炉内，将冶炼原料混合成炉料，将炉料从高位料仓沿料管连续装入电炉中，炉料装满后开始冶炼；
3）真空处理，将第二步所述铁水转炉至真空容器内，将溶解在铁水中的气体尽量排出，以提高钢的质量；
4）模铸，将第三步所述铁水经过中间包进行铸造成型为初轧板坯，经过开坯冷却后使用；
5）热连轧，第四部所述初轧板坯依次经过粗轧、切头、精轧和精整后形成带钢卷材；
6）酸洗，所述带钢卷材进行酸洗，将带钢表皮氧化层去除；
7）一次冷轧，将钢带轧至成品厚度为0.50～0.80mm之间；
8）脱碳退火，第七步所述一次冷轧后钢带进行脱碳退火；
9）时效退火，第八步所述脱碳退火的钢带在300℃～500℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火；
10）二次冷轧，所述时效退火后钢带二次冷轧至产品最终厚度；
11）涂MgO，二次冷轧硬卷涂MgO隔离剂并干燥；
12）高温退火，对上述第十一步钢卷通过CB线进行高温退火；
13）平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，上述钢卷高温退火后进行平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。
所述时效退火的保温时间为2～4h。
所述炉料包括：磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑，且所述磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑的重量份配比为100：16：26：42。
本发明与现有技术相比具有的有益效果是：本发明采用在300℃～500℃温度条件下进行时效退火，由于采用了较低的时效退火温度，可有效析出细小碳化物，增强钢中抑制剂的析出。通过对经过时效退火处理的取向硅钢和未时效处理的取向硅钢的成品跟踪，发现时效退火取向硅钢卷成品的铁损减低0.03W/Kg。
一种取向硅钢退火工艺，具体工艺步骤为：
1）铁水脱锰，检测高炉铁水中的锰含量，根据锰含量将氧化铁皮加入鱼雷罐中进行预热过程，预热过程的时间控制在2～3小时，当进行铁水脱锰操作时，将高炉出铁的高温铁水引入鱼雷罐内部；高温铁水与预热后的氧化铁皮充分混合并发生氧化还原反应；
2）冶炼，第一步所述脱锰铁水装填至电炉内，将冶炼原料混合成炉料，将炉料从高位料仓沿料管连续装入电炉中，炉料装满后开始冶炼；
3）真空处理，将第二步所述铁水转炉至真空容器内，将溶解在铁水中的气体尽量排出，以提高钢的质量；
4）模铸，将第三步所述铁水经过中间包进行铸造成型为初轧板坯，经过开坯冷却后使用；
5）热连轧，第四部所述初轧板坯依次经过粗轧、切头、精轧和精整后形成带钢卷材；
6）酸洗，所述带钢卷材进行酸洗，将带钢表皮氧化层去除；
7）一次冷轧，将钢带轧至成品厚度为0.50～0.80mm之间；
8）脱碳退火，第七步所述一次冷轧后钢带进行脱碳退火；
9）时效退火，第八步所述脱碳退火的钢带在420℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火；
10）二次冷轧，所述时效退火后钢带二次冷轧至产品最终厚度；
11）涂MgO，二次冷轧硬卷涂MgO隔离剂并干燥；
12）高温退火，对上述第十一步钢卷通过CB线进行高温退火；
13）平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，上述钢卷高温退火后进行平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。
所述时效退火的保温时间为3h。
所述炉料包括：磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑，且所述磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑的重量份配比为100：16：26：42。
实施例1
一种取向硅钢退火工艺，具体工艺步骤为：
1）铁水脱锰，检测高炉铁水中的锰含量，根据锰含量将氧化铁皮加入鱼雷罐中进行预热过程，预热过程的时间控制在2～3小时，当进行铁水脱锰操作时，将高炉出铁的高温铁水引入鱼雷罐内部；高温铁水与预热后的氧化铁皮充分混合并发生氧化还原反应；
2）冶炼，第一步所述脱锰铁水装填至电炉内，将冶炼原料混合成炉料，将炉料从高位料仓沿料管连续装入电炉中，炉料装满后开始冶炼；
3）真空处理，将第二步所述铁水转炉至真空容器内，将溶解在铁水中的气体尽量排出，以提高钢的质量；
4）模铸，将第三步所述铁水经过中间包进行铸造成型为初轧板坯，经过开坯冷却后使用；
5）热连轧，第四部所述初轧板坯依次经过粗轧、切头、精轧和精整后形成带钢卷材；
6）酸洗，所述带钢卷材进行酸洗，将带钢表皮氧化层去除；
7）一次冷轧，将钢带轧至成品厚度为0.50～0.80mm之间；
8）脱碳退火，第七步所述一次冷轧后钢带进行脱碳退火；
9）时效退火，第八步所述脱碳退火的钢带在300℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火；
10）二次冷轧，所述时效退火后钢带二次冷轧至产品最终厚度；
11）涂MgO，二次冷轧硬卷涂MgO隔离剂并干燥；
12）高温退火，对上述第十一步钢卷通过CB线进行高温退火；
13）平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，上述钢卷高温退火后进行平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。
所述时效退火的保温时间为4h。
所述炉料包括：磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑，且所述磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑的重量份配比为100：16：26：42。
实施例2
一种取向硅钢退火工艺，具体工艺步骤为：
1）铁水脱锰，检测高炉铁水中的锰含量，根据锰含量将氧化铁皮加入鱼雷罐中进行预热过程，预热过程的时间控制在2～3小时，当进行铁水脱锰操作时，将高炉出铁的高温铁水引入鱼雷罐内部；高温铁水与预热后的氧化铁皮充分混合并发生氧化还原反应；
2）冶炼，第一步所述脱锰铁水装填至电炉内，将冶炼原料混合成炉料，将炉料从高位料仓沿料管连续装入电炉中，炉料装满后开始冶炼；
3）真空处理，将第二步所述铁水转炉至真空容器内，将溶解在铁水中的气体尽量排出，以提高钢的质量；
4）模铸，将第三步所述铁水经过中间包进行铸造成型为初轧板坯，经过开坯冷却后使用；
5）热连轧，第四部所述初轧板坯依次经过粗轧、切头、精轧和精整后形成带钢卷材；
6）酸洗，所述带钢卷材进行酸洗，将带钢表皮氧化层去除；
7）一次冷轧，将钢带轧至成品厚度为0.50～0.80mm之间；
8）脱碳退火，第七步所述一次冷轧后钢带进行脱碳退火；
9）时效退火，第八步所述脱碳退火的钢带在410℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火；
10）二次冷轧，所述时效退火后钢带二次冷轧至产品最终厚度；
11）涂MgO，二次冷轧硬卷涂MgO隔离剂并干燥；
12）高温退火，对上述第十一步钢卷通过CB线进行高温退火；
13）平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，上述钢卷高温退火后进行平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。
所述时效退火的保温时间为3h。
所述炉料包括：磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑，且所述磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑的重量份配比为100：16：26：42。
实施例3
一种取向硅钢退火工艺，具体工艺步骤为：
1）铁水脱锰，检测高炉铁水中的锰含量，根据锰含量将氧化铁皮加入鱼雷罐中进行预热过程，预热过程的时间控制在2～3小时，当进行铁水脱锰操作时，将高炉出铁的高温铁水引入鱼雷罐内部；高温铁水与预热后的氧化铁皮充分混合并发生氧化还原反应；
2）冶炼，第一步所述脱锰铁水装填至电炉内，将冶炼原料混合成炉料，将炉料从高位料仓沿料管连续装入电炉中，炉料装满后开始冶炼；
3）真空处理，将第二步所述铁水转炉至真空容器内，将溶解在铁水中的气体尽量排出，以提高钢的质量；
4）模铸，将第三步所述铁水经过中间包进行铸造成型为初轧板坯，经过开坯冷却后使用；
5）热连轧，第四部所述初轧板坯依次经过粗轧、切头、精轧和精整后形成带钢卷材；
6）酸洗，所述带钢卷材进行酸洗，将带钢表皮氧化层去除；
7）一次冷轧，将钢带轧至成品厚度为0.50～0.80mm之间；
8）脱碳退火，第七步所述一次冷轧后钢带进行脱碳退火；
9）时效退火，第八步所述脱碳退火的钢带在500℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火；
10）二次冷轧，所述时效退火后钢带二次冷轧至产品最终厚度；
11）涂MgO，二次冷轧硬卷涂MgO隔离剂并干燥；
12）高温退火，对上述第十一步钢卷通过CB线进行高温退火；
13）平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，上述钢卷高温退火后进行平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。
所述时效退火的保温时间为2h。
所述炉料包括：磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑，且所述磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑的重量份配比为100：16：26：42。
上面结合实施例对本发明的实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明并不限于上述实施例，在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (4)
- 一种取向硅钢退火工艺，其特征在于：工艺步骤依次为铁水脱锰、冶炼、真空处理、模铸、开坯、热连轧、酸洗、一次冷轧、脱碳退火、时效退火、二次冷轧、涂MgO、高温退火、平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，在所述时效退火步骤中控制钢带在300℃～500℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种取向硅钢退火工艺，其特征在于，所述工艺具体步骤为：1）铁水脱锰，检测高炉铁水中的锰含量，根据锰含量将氧化铁皮加入鱼雷罐中进行预热过程，预热过程的时间控制在2～3小时，当进行铁水脱锰操作时，将高炉出铁的高温铁水引入鱼雷罐内部；高温铁水与预热后的氧化铁皮充分混合并发生氧化还原反应；2）冶炼，第一步所述脱锰铁水装填至电炉内，将冶炼原料混合成炉料，将炉料从高位料仓沿料管连续装入电炉中，炉料装满后开始冶炼；3）真空处理，将第二步所述铁水转炉至真空容器内，将溶解在铁水中的气体尽量排出，以提高钢的质量；4）模铸，将第三步所述铁水经过中间包进行铸造成型为初轧板坯，经过开坯冷却后使用；5）热连轧，第四部所述初轧板坯依次经过粗轧、切头、精轧和精整后形成带钢卷材；6）酸洗，所述带钢卷材进行酸洗，将带钢表皮氧化层去除；7）一次冷轧，将钢带轧至成品厚度为0.50～0.80mm之间；8）脱碳退火，第七步所述一次冷轧后钢带进行脱碳退火；9）时效退火，第八步所述脱碳退火的钢带在300℃～500℃、氮气保护氛围下进行时效退火；10）二次冷轧，所述时效退火后钢带二次冷轧至产品最终厚度；11）涂MgO，二次冷轧硬卷涂MgO隔离剂并干燥；12）高温退火，对上述第十一步钢卷通过CB线进行高温退火；13）平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜，上述钢卷高温退火后进行平整拉伸退火和涂绝缘膜。
- 根据权利要求1所述一种取向硅钢退火工艺，其特征在于：所述时效退火的保温时间为2～4h。
- 根据权利要求2所述一种取向硅钢退火工艺，其特征在于：所述炉料包括：磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑，且所述磷灰石、焦炭、硅石、铁屑的重量份配比为100：16：26：42。
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