Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/12—Hydrolysis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
  • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
  • A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F16/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F16/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
  • C08F16/04—Acyclic compounds
  • C08F16/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
  • C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
  • C08F216/06—Polyvinyl alcohol ; Vinyl alcohol
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
  • C08F216/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an alcohol radical
  • C08F216/04—Acyclic compounds
  • C08F216/08—Allyl alcohol
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
  • C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
  • C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
  • C08F218/06—Vinyl formate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
  • C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
  • C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
  • C08F218/08—Vinyl acetate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/44—Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L29/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
  • C08L29/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
  • C08F2810/20—Chemical modification of a polymer leading to a crosslinking, either explicitly or inherently
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
  • C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
  • C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/07—Aldehydes; Ketones

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a vinyl alcohol-based water-absorbent copolymer.
• examples of the water-absorbent resin include a neutralized product of a starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer, a saponified product of a starch-acrylic acid graft polymer, a saponified product of a vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymer, and a polyacrylic acid moiety.
• Neutralized cross-linked products Patent Documents 1 and 2) and the like are known.
• the conventional water-absorbent resin as described above has a problem that the water-absorbent gel has low stability against sunlight or ultraviolet rays (Patent Document 3). That is, when the water-absorbing gel obtained by absorbing water with a water-absorbent resin is exposed to sunlight or ultraviolet rays, it often deteriorates and fluidizes in a short time (for example, within several hours), and the gel form cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is difficult to use such a water-absorbent resin in applications requiring light resistance (for example, water-retaining materials for agriculture and horticulture, aromatic gelling agents, deodorizing gelling agents, artificial snow, etc.).
• the prior art document describes water absorption in which a dispersion liquid obtained by dispersing water-insoluble iron oxide or titanium oxide fine powder in an aqueous dispersion medium is applied to a water-absorbent resin to absorb the aqueous dispersion medium.
• a gel Patent Document 3
• a water-retaining material containing carbon black having a self-dispersing function in water as a light shielding material and a water-absorbent resin Patent Document 4
• a water-soluble ultraviolet absorber and a water-absorbent resin A water-retaining material (Patent Document 5) is disclosed.
• the problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above problem, and to provide a polymer having high light resistance.
• the present inventors have conducted detailed studies on the polymer, and found that the vinyl alcohol structural unit x and the structural unit z other than the vinyl alcohol structural unit x and the vinyl ester structural unit y are obtained.
• the chain of the constituent unit z would be a factor for determining the light resistance (particularly the ultraviolet resistance), and the present invention was completed. That is, the present invention includes the following preferred embodiments.
• a water-absorbent copolymer comprising a vinyl alcohol structural unit x, a vinyl alcohol structural unit x, and a structural unit z other than the vinyl ester structural unit y, and the structural unit z with respect to the content of the structural unit z.
• the water-absorbent copolymer having an average chain content ratio of 50.0 mol% or less.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention comprises a vinyl alcohol structural unit x, and a structural unit z other than the vinyl alcohol structural unit x and the vinyl ester structural unit y. That is, the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention comprises a structural unit x and a structural unit z.
• the structural unit x is a vinyl alcohol structural unit.
• the structural unit z is a structural unit other than the vinyl alcohol structural unit x, and is a structural unit other than the vinyl ester structural unit y.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention may be referred to as "vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A)".
• the ratio of the content of the average chain of the structural unit z to the content of the structural unit z [(content of the average chain of the structural unit z / content of the structural unit z) ⁇ 100 ] Is 50.0 mol% or less.
• the present inventors have found that the chain portion of the constituent unit z is easily cut by light (particularly ultraviolet rays), and as a result, when the content of the average chain of the constituent unit z is large, the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A). ) Found to be inferior in light resistance. Therefore, if the ratio is larger than 50.0 mol%, it is difficult to obtain the desired light resistance of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A).
• the ratio of the content of the average chain of the structural unit z to the content of the structural unit z is preferably 40.0 mol% or less, more preferably 30.0 mol% or less, more preferably 20 mol% or less, and more preferably. It is 15 mol% or less, more preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 7 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 5 mol% or less.
• the lower limit of the above ratio is not particularly limited. The above ratio is usually 0.02 mol% or more. When the ratio is not less than the upper limit value, or more than the lower limit value and not more than the upper limit value, it is easy to obtain better light resistance of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A).
• the above ratio is preferably 0.001 mol% or more, more preferably 0.01 mol% or more, and more preferably 0. 02 mol% or more, more preferably 0.05 mol% or more, more preferably 0.08 mol% or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 0.3 mol% or more, particularly preferably 0. 5 mol% or more.
• the above ratio is determined by selecting the type of monomer forming the constituent unit z, adjusting the content of the constituent unit z in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A), and adjusting the content of the constituent unit z in the copolymer reaction system with respect to the monomer forming the constituent units x and y. It can be adjusted to the lower limit value or more and the upper limit value or less by selecting the ratio of the monomers forming the structural unit z and / or the polymerization rate.
• the content of the structural unit z is preferably 50.0 mol% or less with respect to the total number of moles of all the structural units constituting the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A). , More preferably 40.0 mol% or less, more preferably 35.0 mol% or less, more preferably 30.0 mol% or less, more preferably 25.0 mol% or less, more preferably less than 25.0 mol%. , More preferably 20.0 mol% or less, still more preferably 15.0 mol% or less, particularly preferably 10.0 mol% or less, preferably 1.0 mol% or more, more preferably 1.5 mol% or less.
• the content of the structural unit z is not more than the upper limit value, it is easy to obtain the desired light resistance, and when it is not more than the lower limit value, it is easy to obtain the desired water absorption.
• the content of the structural unit z is, for example, the compounding ratio of the monomer forming the structural unit z and the monomer forming the structural units x and y, their consumption rate or reaction ratio during the reaction, the reaction temperature, or the amount of alkali. The amount can be adjusted to be equal to or greater than the lower limit value and less than or equal to the upper limit value.
• the content of the vinyl alcohol constituent unit x in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) is preferably 50.0 with respect to the total number of moles of all the constituent units constituting the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A). More than mol%, more preferably 80.0 mol% or more, still more preferably 85.0 mol% or more, particularly preferably 90.0 mol% or more, preferably 98.0 mol% or less, more preferably 97. It is 0 mol% or less, more preferably 96.0 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 95.0 mol% or less.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) tends to have a higher water absorption capacity.
• the content of the structural unit x is, for example, the compounding ratio of the monomer forming the structural unit z and the monomer forming the structural units x and y, their consumption rate or reaction ratio during the reaction, the reaction temperature, or the degree of saponification. The amount can be adjusted to be equal to or greater than the lower limit value and less than or equal to the upper limit value.
• the content of the vinyl ester structural unit y in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) is preferably 20.0 with respect to the total number of moles of all the structural units constituting the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A). It is mol% or less, more preferably 10.0 mol% or less, still more preferably 5.0 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 2.0 mol% or less.
• the lower limit of the content is not particularly limited. The above content is usually 0.2 mol% or more.
• the content of the structural unit y is, for example, the compounding ratio of the monomer forming the structural unit z and the monomer forming the structural units x and y, their consumption rate or reaction ratio during the reaction, the reaction temperature, or the degree of saponification.
• the amount can be adjusted to be equal to or greater than the lower limit value and less than or equal to the upper limit value.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A), which is the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention, may optionally further contain other structural units other than the structural units x, y and z.
• the other structural units include structural units derived from olefins such as ethylene, 1-butene and isobutylene; structural units derived from acrylamide and its derivatives, methacrylamide and its derivatives, maleimide derivatives and the like; Be done.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) of the present invention contains the other structural units
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) of the present invention contains a plurality of types even if it contains one of the other structural units. You may be.
• the content of the other structural units is preferably 20.0 mol% or less, more preferably 10. With respect to the total number of moles of all the structural units constituting the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) of the present invention. It is 0 mol% or less, more preferably 5.0 mol% or less, and may be 0 mol%. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention comprises the structural units x, y and z. When the content of the other structural unit is not more than the upper limit value, it is easy to obtain a better water absorption capacity of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) of the present invention.
• the ratio of the contents of the average chain can be measured by a conventionally known method. Examples of such methods are solid 13 C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), acid-base titration (consumption of anhydrous acetic acid when reacted with a certain amount of anhydrous acetic acid). Method to calculate from quantity) and solution 1 H-NMR is included.
• the above measurement can be carried out by a general method (for example, hydrolysis using an acid or alkali, decomposition using periodic acid, potassium permanganate or the like, etc. It can be carried out after cutting the crosslinked structure by (decomposition using an oxidizing agent). Further, the above measurement can be performed, for example, when the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has an acetal structure or an ester structure as a crosslinked structure, for example, after the crosslinked structure is cut by the method described in Examples described later.
• the "constituent unit” means a repeating unit constituting the copolymer.
• the vinyl alcohol structural unit is "1 unit"
• the structure in which two vinyl alcohol structural units are acetalized is It will be counted as "2 units”.
• the structural unit z in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) preferably has an ionic group or a derivative of an ionic group. That is, in one preferred embodiment, the building block z has an ionic group and a derivative of the ionic group. In another preferred embodiment, the building block z has a derivative of an ionic group. In another preferred embodiment, more than half of the ionic groups contained in the structural unit z are in the form of derivatives, and in a more preferred embodiment, most of the ionic groups contained in the structural unit z are in the form of derivatives.
• all of the ionic groups contained in the building block z are in the form of derivatives.
• the ionic group or a derivative thereof is preferably a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an ammonium group or a salt thereof, and more preferably a carboxyl group or a salt thereof.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) may be, for example, (i-1) carboxyl.
• examples thereof include saponifications of a copolymer of one or more selected from the group consisting of a monomer having a group, a sulfonic acid group or an ammonium group, and a derivative of the monomer and a vinyl ester.
• the monomer having a carboxyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, and maleic acid.
• examples of the derivative of the monomer having a carboxyl group include anhydrides, esterified products, and neutralized products of the monomer, and examples thereof include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, dimethyl itaconic acid, monomethyl maleate, and the like.
• Maleic anhydride or the like is used. Therefore, in one preferred embodiment, the building block z is derived from one or more monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid and derivatives thereof.
• the monomer having a sulfonic acid group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include vinyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and p-styrene sulfonic acid.
• examples of the derivative of the monomer having a sulfonic acid group include an esterified product of the monomer and a neutralized product, and examples thereof include sodium vinyl sulfonate, sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonate, and p. -Sodium styrene sulfonate or the like is used.
• the monomer having an ammonium group is not particularly limited, and for example, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, vinyltrimethylammonium chloride, allyltrimethylammonium chloride, p-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and 3- (methacrylamide).
• Amid) propyltrimethylammonium chloride and the like can be mentioned.
• Examples of the derivative of the monomer having an ammonium group include amines of the monomer, and for example, diallylmethylamine, vinylamine, allylamine, p-vinylbenamine 3- (methacrylamide) propylamine and the like are used. ..
• the vinyl ester is not particularly limited, but vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl valerate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl trifluoroacetate, vinyl pivalate, etc.
• vinyl acetate is preferable.
• the structural unit z of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has an ionic group (for example, a carboxyl group)
• a part or all of the ionic group is in the form of a derivative of the ionic group.
• it may be in the form of a salt (carboxylate if the ionic group is a carboxyl group).
• salt countercations are alkali metal ions such as lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, rubidium ion, and cesium ion; alkaline earth metal ions such as magnesium ion, calcium ion, strontium ion, and barium ion; Other metal ions such as aluminum ions and zinc ions; onium cations such as ammonium ions, imidazoliums, pyridiniums, and phosphonium ions; and the like. Of these, potassium ion, calcium ion, and ammonium ion are preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining desired water absorption.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has potassium ion or ammonium ion, preferably potassium ion, as a counter cation of an ionic group.
• the amount of the ionic group or the ionic group and its derivative thereof when the structural unit z of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has an ionic group or an ionic group and a derivative thereof, the amount of the ionic group or the ionic group and its derivative thereof.
• the amount of is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 1 mol% or more, particularly preferably 3 mol% or more, and most preferably 3 mol% or more, based on all the constituent units constituting the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A).
• the amount of the ionic group, or the amount of the ionic group and its derivative may be equal to or higher than the lower limit value by adjusting, for example, the content of the structural unit z, the amount of alkali during saponification, or the amount of alkali during ionization.
• the amount can be adjusted to be equal to or less than the upper limit value.
• the amount of the ionic group or the amount of the ionic group and its derivative in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) can be measured by, for example, solid 13 C-NMR, FTIR, or acid-base titration.
• the content of the vinyl alcohol constituent unit of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) is preferably more than 20 mol%, more preferably 50 mol% with respect to all the constituent units constituting the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A). As mentioned above, it is more preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 98 mol% or less, more preferably 95 mol% or less, still more preferably 90 mol% or less.
• the content of the vinyl alcohol constituent unit can be measured by, for example, FTIR, solid 13 C-NMR, or the like, or can be calculated from the consumption of acetic anhydride when reacted with a certain amount of acetic anhydride.
• the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of production, it is preferably 20000 or less, more preferably 10000 or less, still more preferably 4000 or less, and particularly preferably 3000 or less. Is. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the mechanical properties of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) and the elution resistance to water, it is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 200 or more, and further preferably 400 or more.
• the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) can be measured by, for example, a method based on JIS K 6726.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has a crosslinked structure
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has an acetal structure or an ester structure as a crosslinked structure
• the measurement of the viscosity average degree of polymerization is described above. As such, it can be done after cutting the crosslinked structure.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has a crosslinked structure, it becomes a gel form when it absorbs water, and it becomes difficult for the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) to elute from, for example, a drain hole provided on the bottom surface of the nursery box.
• the form of the crosslinked structure is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a crosslinked structure having an ester bond, an ether bond, an acetal bond, and a carbon-carbon bond.
• ester bond when the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) has a carboxyl group as an ionic group, it is formed between the hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A).
• Esther bond can be mentioned.
• the ether bond include an ether bond formed by dehydration condensation between the hydroxyl groups of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A).
• the acetal bond when an aldehyde having a carboxyl group is used in the production of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A), the hydroxyl groups of the two vinyl alcohol-based copolymers (A) are combined with the aldehyde.
• Examples thereof include acetal bonds formed by acetalization reactions.
• the carbon-carbon bond for example, carbon formed by coupling between carbon radicals of the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) generated when the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) is irradiated with an active energy ray.
• -Carbon bonds can be mentioned.
• These crosslinked structures may be contained alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, a crosslinked structure with an ester bond or an acetal bond is preferable from the viewpoint of ease of production, and a crosslinked structure with an acetal bond is more preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining water retention and light resistance during seedling raising.
• the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A), which is the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention, is not crosslinked at the constituent unit z portion.
• This embodiment is preferable because it is easy to obtain advantages such as light resistance or elution resistance to water. Further, particularly when the structural unit z has an ionic group or an ionic group and a derivative thereof, the structural unit z is not consumed by cross-linking, so that in addition to the above advantages, a more excellent water absorption or water absorption rate can be obtained. It is preferable because it is easy to obtain.
• the fact that the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) is not crosslinked at the structural unit z portion means that, for example, the content of the structural unit z in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) before cutting the crosslinked structure and the cross-linking It can be evaluated by the difference from the content of the structural unit z in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A) after cutting the structure is ⁇ 0.5 mol% to + 0.5 mol%.
• the crosslinked structure is cut according to the method described in Examples described later, and the content of the structural unit z before and after the crosslinked structure is It can be evaluated by the difference being ⁇ 0.5 mol% to + 0.5 mol%.
• the total amount of unreacted monomers contained in the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A), which is the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less, particularly. It is preferably 100 ppm or less.
• the total amount of unreacted monomers is not more than the above upper limit value, better growth of plants is likely to be achieved when the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is used for agriculture.
• the total amount of unreacted monomers is the compounding ratio of the monomers forming the structural unit z and the monomers forming the structural units x and y, their consumption rate or reactivity ratio during the reaction, and the vinyl alcohol-based copolymer (A). ), Or the drying temperature or time, etc., can be adjusted to the above upper limit value or less.
• the total amount of unreacted monomers can be measured by a conventionally known method. Such measuring methods include gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and solution 1 1 H-NMR.
• the lower limit of the total amount of unreacted monomers is 0.01 ppm, which is the detection limit of those measuring methods.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is preferably in the form of particles.
• the volume average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 300 ⁇ m or less.
• the volume average particle size can be measured by, for example, laser diffraction / scattering.
• the amount of pure water absorbed by the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is preferably 10 g / g or more, more preferably 20 g / g or more, more preferably 30 g / g or more, more preferably 40 g / g or more, and more preferably 50 g. / G or more, more preferably 80 g / g or more, particularly preferably 100 g / g or more, preferably 1000 g / g or less, more preferably 800 g / g or less, still more preferably 500 g / g or less, particularly preferably 300 g / g. It is less than or equal to g.
• the amount of pure water absorbed When the amount of pure water absorbed is at least the above lower limit value, the effect of improving the water retention of the medium tends to be high. When the amount of pure water absorbed is not more than the above upper limit value, the weather resistance of the water-absorbent copolymer is improved, and the growth of plants tends to be good.
• the amount of pure water absorbed can be adjusted to be equal to or more than the lower limit value and less than or equal to the upper limit value depending on, for example, the contents of the constituent units x, y and z, the type of the constituent unit z, and the content of the crosslinked structure. ..
• the amount of pure water absorbed can be measured by the method described in Examples described later.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention can be produced, for example, by a method including a step of dividing or continuously adding a monomer forming the structural unit z to the monomer forming the structural units x and y to copolymerize. By dividing or continuously adding the monomers forming the structural unit z, the content of the average chain of the structural unit z with respect to the content of the structural unit z can be reduced to 50.0 mol% or less.
• the monomer forming the structural unit z is not particularly limited, but the monomer exemplified in the section of [Water-absorbent copolymer] can be used.
• the monomer forming the structural units x and y is not particularly limited, but the vinyl ester exemplified in the section of [Water-absorbent copolymer] can be used.
• the molar ratio of the monomer forming the structural unit z to the monomer forming the structural units x and y (the number of moles of the monomer forming the structural unit z / the structural unit).
• the number of moles of the monomers forming x and y) is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and particularly preferably 0.01 or less.
• the lower limit of the molar ratio is 0 because there is a time interval between the additions.
• a known polymerization initiator can be used.
• the structural units x and y are used in the copolymerization step. It is preferable to continuously add the monomer forming the structural unit z to the monomer forming the structural units x and y so that the molar ratio of the monomer forming the structural unit z to the monomer to be formed is constant.
• the molar ratio is preferably 0.0005 or more, more preferably 0.001 or more, preferably 0.1 or less, and more preferably 0.01 or less.
• the monomers forming the other structural units are used as the structural units x and It can be used by mixing with a monomer forming y.
• the structural unit z is formed with respect to the total number of moles of the monomer forming the structural units x and y and the monomer forming other structural units other than the structural units x, y and z.
• the molar ratio of the number of moles of the monomer to be used is preferably 0.1 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and particularly preferably 0.01 or less.
• the monomer forming the other structural units exemplified in the section of [Water-absorbent copolymer] can be used.
• the polymerization rate in the copolymerization reaction system is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more, particularly preferably 20% or more, preferably 80% or less, more preferably 50% or less, and particularly preferably 40% or less. Is.
• the polymerization rate can be determined, for example, by volatilizing the monomer and solvent of the polymerization solution to measure the solid content (polymer content) concentration or by titrating the residual monomer concentration.
• the obtained copolymer can be saponified by a known method.
• the degree of saponification of the copolymer is not particularly limited.
• the light resistance of the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is greatly influenced by the content of the chain of the constituent unit z in the copolymer, and the water-absorbing ability of the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is determined.
• the content of the structural unit z and the amount of the crosslinked structure in the copolymer are greatly affected, and the influence of the saponification degree on the light resistance or water absorption capacity of the water-absorbent copolymer is extremely small. Therefore, the saponification degree may be, for example, 30 mol% or more, 60 mol% or more (for example, 70 mol% or more), or 98 mol% or more (for example, 100 mol%).
• the obtained saponified product can be subjected to a crosslinking reaction.
• the reaction between the saponified product and the cross-linking agent may be carried out by a known method.
• the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited. Examples of cross-linking agents for producing a water-absorbent copolymer having an acetal structure as a cross-linking structure include glyoxal, malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaaldehyde, 1,9-nonandial, adipaldehyde, malealdehyde, and tartar.
• the amount of the crosslinked structure in the water-absorbent copolymer is preferably 0.001 mol% or more, more preferably 0.005 mol% or more, still more preferably 0. It is 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.03 mol% or more, preferably 0.5 mol% or less, more preferably 0.4 mol% or less, still more preferably 0.3 mol% or less. It should be used in a large amount.
• the amount of the crosslinked structure means the amount of the structural units constituting the crosslinked structure with respect to all the structural units constituting the water-absorbent copolymer.
• the method for producing the water-absorbent copolymer comprises a step of reacting the saponified product swollen with the solvent with a cross-linking agent in the presence of a solvent capable of swelling the saponified product. ..
• the "solvent capable of swelling the saponified product” is not particularly limited as long as the saponified product can be swollen and is not dissolved at the temperature at the time of reaction.
• solvents include dialkyl ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; nitriles such as acetonitrile; methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, amyl alcohols, isoamyl alcohols, etc.
• Alcohols such as hexanol, cyclohexanol, octanol, tert-butanol; ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglime; diol compounds such as ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol; acetamide, N, N -Carboxylic acid amides such as dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone; organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide and phenol and water.
• ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglime
• diol compounds such as ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol
• acetamide, N, N -Carboxylic acid amides such as dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidon
• the solvent is a dialkylketone. It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile, alcohol, ether and water, preferably acetone, 2-butanone, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 1,4.
• One of these organic solvents may be used alone, or two or more of these organic solvents may be mixed and used.
• the saponified product swollen with the solvent is reacted with the cross-linking agent, so that the cross-linked product can be easily taken out without requiring a precipitation step. Can be done.
• the saponified product before swelling is preferably in the form of particles.
• the volume average particle size of the particulate matter is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
• the volume average particle size can be adjusted to an amount equal to or more than the lower limit value and not more than the upper limit value by adjusting the saponification condition and / or the pulverization condition, for example.
• the volume average particle size can be measured by, for example, laser diffraction / scattering.
• the method thereof is as follows. , A method of using a neutralized product of a monomer having a carboxyl group as a monomer forming the structural unit z in the above-mentioned copolymerization step; and a method of neutralizing a crosslinked product obtained after the reaction with the above-mentioned cross-linking agent; Be done.
• the method of neutralizing the crosslinked product is not particularly limited.
• it can be neutralized with one or more neutralizing agents selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and ammonia.
• the method thereof is, for example, a method of cross-linking in the structural unit x portion using the above-mentioned cross-linking agent; Examples thereof include a method of adding a monomer containing two or more polymerizable functional groups to the copolymerization reaction system.
• the saponified product, crosslinked product and neutralized product may be subjected to a washing and / or drying step as necessary.
• a washing and / or drying step By washing with a solvent in which unreacted monomers are easily dissolved (usually the same solvent used in the copolymerization step), the total amount of unreacted monomers contained in the saponified product, crosslinked product and neutralized product can be reduced. .. Further, the total amount of unreacted monomers can be reduced by raising the drying temperature and lengthening the drying time.
• the washing and / or drying can be performed in a short time when the saponified product, the crosslinked product and the neutralized product are in the form of particles, particularly in the form of particles having a small particle size.
• the water-absorbent copolymer produced by the production method of the present invention comprises a vinyl alcohol structural unit x, a vinyl alcohol structural unit x, and a structural unit z other than the vinyl ester structural unit y, and contains the structural unit z.
• the ratio of the content of the average chain of the structural unit z to the amount is 50.0 mol% or less.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention itself has excellent light resistance, it can be used in applications requiring light resistance. Therefore, in one embodiment of the present invention, the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is for agriculture, and in another embodiment, the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is for raising seedlings. When the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention is used for agriculture or raising seedlings, it can be used as a medium for plants. In that case, the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention may be used in combination with an arbitrary component, if necessary.
• Optional component examples of such optional components include the following components, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more: polymers such as starch, modified starch, sodium alginate, chitin, chitosan, cellulose and derivatives thereof; polymer.
• the total content thereof may be within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, and is usually 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the medium. It is 10% by mass or less, for example, 5% by mass or less.
• the mass of the solid constituent component in the medium is the mass in the dry state.
• the "dry state” means a state in which the constituent component does not contain a volatile component such as water or an organic solvent. For example, they can be brought into a dry state by vacuum drying at 40 ° C. until the mass of each of the constituent components becomes constant.
• the medium can also contain hilling.
• the roots grow in the gaps between the soil, so that the roots are easily entangled with each other, and it is easy to obtain excellent drainage and air permeability of the medium.
• the soil is not particularly limited, and one type of commercially available soil can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, any component other than the soil can be attached to the soil by a conventional method (for example, a method of spraying a solution or dispersion of the optional component on the soil and then drying it) and using the soil.
• the particle size of the granular hilling is preferably 0.2 to 20 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 10 mm, and particularly preferably 1 to 5 mm.
• a commercially available granular hilling can be sieved and used.
• a granulation method such as a compression granulation method, an extrusion granulation method, a rolling granulation method, or a fluidized bed granulation method can be used.
• the particle size of the granular hilling can be measured by, for example, the following method.
• the diameter of each particle is measured using a caliper, and the average value is taken as the particle size of the granular soil.
• the average value of the longest side and the shortest side is taken as the diameter of the particle.
• the content of the hilling is preferably 20 to 99.999% by mass, more preferably 70 to 99.95% by mass, and particularly preferably 80 to 99.9, based on the total mass of the medium. It is by mass, most preferably 90 to 99.8% by mass.
• Still other optional components include peat, grass charcoal, peat, peat moss, coco peat, paddy husks, fertilizer materials, charcoal, calcined diatomaceous earth grains, shell fossil powder, shell powder, crab shells, VA mycorrhizal fungi, microbial materials, etc.
• the medium contains these optional components, the total content thereof may be a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention, and is usually 50% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the medium. ...
• fertilizers are three major fertilizers: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; essential elements for plants such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, chlorine and nickel.
• nitrogen-based fertilizers sulfur-an, salt-an, glass-an, sodium nitrate, lime nitrate, ammonia fertilizer rot, urea, lime nitrogen, ammonia lime nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrate fertilizer; Lime, lime fertilizer, melted phosphorus fertilizer, fertilizer rot, roasted phosphorus, roasted phosphorus, linster, nitric acid perphosphoric acid, mixed phosphoric acid fertilizer, by-product phosphoric acid fertilizer, high concentration phosphoric acid
• potassium-based fertilizers include potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate bitter soil, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium silicate and the like.
• fertilizers may be used as solids, pastes, liquids, solutions, etc., or may be used as coated fertilizers.
• pesticides include insecticides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, preservatives, plant growth regulators and the like.
• the fertilizer is used as a coated fertilizer.
• Coated fertilizer is fertilizer coated with resin.
• the resin include polyolefins.
• coated fertilizer fertilizer can be supplied to the soil over time as the resin decomposes. Further, when mat seedlings are produced using granular coated fertilizer, the strength of the obtained mat seedlings tends to be high.
• the particle size of the coated fertilizer is preferably 1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 6 mm.
• the content of the coated fertilizer in the medium is preferably 10 to 99.99% by mass, more preferably 15 to 90% by mass, particularly preferably 20 to 80% by mass, and most preferably 30 to 60% by mass. %.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention When used in combination with an arbitrary component, it is preferable to use the water-absorbent copolymer and the optional component in combination.
• the mixing method is not particularly limited. By mixing the water-absorbent copolymer and an arbitrary component by a general method, a medium for agriculture or seedling raising can be prepared.
• the water-absorbent copolymer is used. It was determined that the polymer was not crosslinked at the z portion of the structural unit.
• the elution rate of the water-absorbent copolymer into pure water was measured, and the light resistance of the water-absorbent copolymer was evaluated based on the difference.
• the elution rate of the water-absorbent copolymer before irradiation with ultraviolet rays into pure water was measured. Specifically, 0.10 g of the water-absorbent copolymer and 100 g of pure water were mixed and allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 16 hours. Then, the mixture was filtered using a Tetron 280 mesh, and the solid matter collected by filtration was vacuum dried at 40 ° C.
• the mass w 1 (g) was measured. The measurement was performed three times, and the average value was adopted as the elution rate 1 (unit: mass%).
• the elution rate of the water-absorbent copolymer after irradiation with ultraviolet rays into pure water was measured. Specifically, 0.10 g of a water-absorbent copolymer and 100 g of pure water were mixed, and the obtained mixture was placed in a 9 mL glass screw bottle (As One Corporation, Labolan Pack) and sealed.
• a sealed screw bottle is attached to the xenon weather meter SX75 (Suga Test Co., Ltd.), and the screw bottle irradiance is 130 W / m 2 (measurement wavelength 300 to 400 nm), the temperature inside the tank is 25 ° C, the humidity inside the tank is 50% RH, and the black panel. Irradiation was performed under the condition of a temperature of 60 ° C. until the integrated irradiance reached 14.4 MJ / m 2 (illuminance equivalent to about 3 weeks of outdoor sunlight). 95 mL of pure water was added to the water-absorbent copolymer after irradiation, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 16 hours.
• the light resistance (unit: mass%) of the water-absorbent copolymer was determined by the following formula. It can be said that the smaller the value of light resistance calculated by the above formula, the better the light resistance.
• N-P 2 O 5- K 2 O 0.5-1.5-0.5 g / kg as fertilizer, average particle size 2.7 mm.
• the remaining medium (40% by mass of the prepared medium) is evenly spread on it to prepare a paddy rice seedling box in which the medium, germinated paddy and water are introduced. did.
• the above operation was performed twice more to prepare three identical paddy rice seedling boxes.
• a warehousing survey was conducted. The survey was conducted in each of the three nursery boxes, and the average value was used for the emergence rate. The number of shoots (N1) that had sprouted and emerged on the soil cover was visually counted. Using the number of germinated paddy seeds (N2), the emergence rate (unit:%) was calculated according to the following formula.
• Example 1 [Copolymerization] 640 g of vinyl acetate, 250 g of methanol, and acrylic acid as a monomer forming the structural unit z in a 3 L reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, an argon introduction tube, a monomer dropping port and a polymerization initiator addition port.
• 1.1 g of methyl was introduced and the inside of the reactor was replaced with argon by argon gas bubbling for 30 minutes.
• methyl acrylate was dissolved in methanol to prepare a solution having a concentration of 40% by mass as a delay solution, and the inside of the container was replaced with argon by argon gas bubbling. When the temperature inside the reactor reached 60 ° C.
• the total amount of the methyl acrylate solution added before the copolymerization was stopped was 29.7 mL, and the polymerization rate at the time when the copolymerization was stopped was 35%.
• the unreacted vinyl acetate monomer was removed by occasionally adding methanol at 30 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain a methanol solution (concentration: 23% by mass) of the copolymer.
• methanol solution concentration: 23% by mass
• polyvinyl alcohol a polyvinyl alcohol having a structural unit derived from methyl acrylate.
• An alcohol hereinafter referred to as "polyvinyl alcohol a" was obtained.
• the saponification degree of polyvinyl alcohol a was 98.6 mol%.
• [Crosslink] In a three-necked separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirring blade, 58.9 g of acetonitrile, 6.28 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.31 g of a 25 mass% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution, and 20 g of polyvinyl alcohol a were introduced, and the mixture was mixed 23.
• Comparative Example 5 The conditions for copolymerization, saponification, cross-linking and ionization were changed as shown in Table 1 below, and the delay solution was added dropwise for 30 minutes instead of 205 minutes, after which the copolymer was added without adding the delay solution.
• a water-absorbent copolymer (hereinafter referred to as "water-absorbent copolymer n") was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerization reaction was allowed to proceed. The results are shown in Table 1. The reaction time was adjusted so as to obtain the desired polymerization rate.
• the molar ratio of methyl acrylate to vinyl acetate was larger than 0.1, and the water-absorbent copolymer n was not crosslinked with the structural unit portion derived from methyl acrylate. It was.
• Comparative Example 6 The same as in Example 1 except that the conditions for copolymerization, saponification, cross-linking and ionization were changed as shown in Table 1 below, and the number of washings in each of the steps of saponification, cross-linking and ionization was changed to one. , A water-absorbent copolymer (hereinafter referred to as "water-absorbent copolymer o") was produced and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. The reaction time was adjusted so as to obtain the desired polymerization rate. Further, the water-absorbent copolymer o was not crosslinked at the structural unit portion derived from methyl acrylate.
• water-absorbent copolymer o was produced and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1. The reaction time was adjusted so as to obtain the desired polymerization rate. Further, the water-absorbent copolymer o was not crosslinked at the structural unit portion derived from methyl acrylate.
• the water-absorbent copolymer of the present invention itself has excellent light resistance, applications requiring light resistance (for example, water retention materials for agriculture and horticulture, air fresheners, deodorant gelling agents, artificial snow, etc.) Can be used in. Further, even under the condition of being exposed to light, its characteristics (water absorption amount, water absorption rate, gel strength, etc.) can be maintained for a long period of time.

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• 2020
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