WO2020251000A1 - 吸着材粒子、基材粒子、充填カラム、及び、希土類元素を回収する方法 - Google Patents
吸着材粒子、基材粒子、充填カラム、及び、希土類元素を回収する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020251000A1 WO2020251000A1 PCT/JP2020/023134 JP2020023134W WO2020251000A1 WO 2020251000 A1 WO2020251000 A1 WO 2020251000A1 JP 2020023134 W JP2020023134 W JP 2020023134W WO 2020251000 A1 WO2020251000 A1 WO 2020251000A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering adsorbent particles, base material particles, a packed column, and a rare earth element.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide adsorbent particles having a large adsorption amount of rare earth elements and capable of desorbing the adsorbed rare earth elements at a high rate.
- One aspect of the present invention is an adsorbent containing carrier particles containing an organic polymer, a hydrophilic organic compound adhering to the surface of the carrier particles, and a diglycolic acid residue bonded to the hydrophilic organic compound.
- adsorbent containing carrier particles containing an organic polymer, a hydrophilic organic compound adhering to the surface of the carrier particles, and a diglycolic acid residue bonded to the hydrophilic organic compound.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to substrate particles containing carrier particles containing an organic polymer and hydrophilic organic compounds adhering to the surface of the carrier particles.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a packed column comprising a column body and the adsorbent particles packed in the column body.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention is that the adsorbent particles are brought into contact with a solution containing a rare earth element, whereby the rare earth element is adsorbed on the adsorbent particles, and the adsorbent particles are brought into contact with an acidic solution containing an acid.
- the present invention relates to a method for recovering a rare earth element, including desorbing the rare earth element from the adsorbent particles.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide adsorbent particles having a large adsorption amount of rare earth elements and capable of desorbing the adsorbed rare earth elements at a high rate.
- the adsorbent particles include carrier particles containing an organic polymer, a hydrophilic organic compound attached to the surface of the carrier particles, and a diglycolic acid residue bonded to the hydrophilic organic compound.
- the carrier particles are polymer particles containing an organic polymer as a main component.
- the organic polymer may be crosslinked.
- the proportion of the organic polymer in the carrier particles may be 50-100% by mass, 60-100% by mass, 70-100% by mass, 80-100% by mass, or 90-100% by mass.
- the organic polymer forming the carrier particles is a polymer containing a monomer unit derived from a styrene-based monomer (hereinafter, may be referred to as "styrene-based polymer").
- the styrene-based monomer is styrene or a styrene derivative, and can be a crosslinkable monomer, a monofunctional monomer, or a combination thereof, which will be described later.
- the proportion of the styrene-based monomer in the styrene-based polymer may be 20 to 85 mol% or 35 to 70 mol% with respect to the total amount of the monomer units constituting the styrene-based polymer.
- the organic polymer can be a polymer containing a crosslinkable monomer as a monomer unit.
- the crosslinkable monomer may be, for example, a divinyl compound such as divinylbenzene, divinylbiphenyl, divinylnaphthalene, and divinylphenanthrene. These crosslinkable monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of durability, acid resistance, and alkali resistance, the crosslinkable monomer may be divinylbenzene, which is a styrene-based monomer.
- the proportion of the monomer units derived from the crosslinkable monomer in the organic polymer may be 1 to 80 mol%, 1 to 60 mol%, or 1 to 40 mol% with respect to the total amount of the monomer units constituting the organic polymer. ..
- the organic polymer may be a copolymer of a crosslinkable monomer and a monofunctional monomer.
- monofunctional monomers include styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, o-ethylstyrene, m-ethylstyrene, p-ethylstyrene, 2,4- Dimethylstyrene, pn-butylstyrene, pt-butylstyrene, pn-hexylstyrene, pn-octylstyrene, pn-nonylstyrene, pn-decylstyrene, pn-dodecyl Examples thereof include styrene-based monomers such as styrene, p-methoxys
- the organic polymer may contain a monomer having a reactive group that reacts with a hydrophilic organic compound as a monomer unit, or may be a copolymer containing a crosslinkable monomer and a monomer having a reactive group as a monomer unit. ..
- the reactive group may be, for example, an epoxy group, a chloro group or a combination thereof. Examples of monomers having an epoxy group include glycidyl methacrylate. Examples of monomers having a chloro group include 4-chloromethylstyrene.
- the proportion of the monomer unit derived from the monomer having a reactive group in the organic polymer may be 15 to 80 mol% or 30 to 65 mol% with respect to the total amount of the monomer units constituting the organic polymer.
- the average particle size of the carrier particles may be 100 to 1000 ⁇ m or 200 to 1000 ⁇ m. As the average particle size of the carrier particles decreases, the pressure of the packed column packed with the adsorbent particles may increase.
- the average particle size of the carrier particles can be determined by the following measuring method. 1) The particles are dispersed in water (including a dispersant such as a surfactant) to prepare a dispersion liquid containing 1% by mass of particles. 2) Using a flow-type particle image analyzer, measure the average particle size from images of about 10,000 particles in the dispersion.
- the carrier particles may be porous polymer particles.
- the surface inside the porous is also included in the "surface of the carrier particles".
- their specific surface area may be 50 m 2 / g or more, or 1000 m 2 / g or less. The larger the specific surface area, the larger the amount of substance adsorbed tends to be.
- the specific surface area here means the BET specific surface area due to the adsorption of nitrogen gas.
- the hydrophilic organic compound is an organic compound having a hydrophilic group such as an amino group, and may be, for example, an amino group-containing polymer containing a structural unit having an amino group.
- the amino group-containing polymer may be a homopolymer of a monomer having an amino group.
- the structural unit having an amino group may be a group consisting of an amino group and an aliphatic group, or a residue of an aliphatic amino acid.
- Examples of amino group-containing polymers include polyethyleneimine and polylysine. Polyethyleneimine may be branched or linear, and may contain 3 or more structural units derived from aziridine.
- the molecular weight of the amino group-containing polymer may be 200 or more, or 250 or more.
- the molecular weight of the amino group-containing polymer may be 100,000 or less, 70,000 or less, 10,000 or less, or 7,000 or less.
- the molecular weight of the amino group-containing polymer may be 200 or more and 100,000 or less, 70,000 or less, 10000 or less, or 7000 or less, and 250 or more and 100,000 or less, 70,000 or less, 10000 or less, or 7000 or less.
- At least a part of the hydrophilic organic compound (or amino group-containing polymer) adhering to the surface of the carrier particles may be bonded by a covalent bond with the organic polymer.
- the hydrophilic organic compound can be covalently bonded to the organic polymer by the reaction between the reactive group and the hydrophilic group.
- the ratio of the amount of the hydrophilic organic compound (or amino group-containing polymer) to the mass of the carrier particles may be, for example, 5 to 50% by weight, or 10 to 40% by weight.
- the amount of amino groups in the adsorbent particles is 0.1 to 100 mmol, 0.5 to 100 mmol, 0.1 to 20 mmol, or 0.5 per 1 g of the adsorbent particles. It may be up to 20 mmol.
- the amount of amino groups in the adsorbent particles or the substrate particles described later can be determined by a method of measuring the amount of sulfuric acid consumed by the reaction with the amino groups by titration using sodium hydroxide.
- the method for measuring the amount of amino groups in the substrate particles includes the following operations. 1) Methanol is added to the base particle (A) g, and the obtained dispersion is heated at 75 ° C. for 30 minutes. 2) From the dispersion liquid, the substrate particles are collected on the filter by suction filtration. Methanol is replaced with pure water by adding pure water to the substrate particles on the filter while continuing suction, and then the substrate particles are conditioned with a small amount of 0.1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- the substrate particles are washed with pure water until the filtrate becomes neutral.
- 3) Transfer the washed substrate particles to a glass container using a small amount of pure water. Adjust so that the total amount of pure water in the container is (B) g. 4) Add (C) g of 0.05 M sulfuric acid to the dispersion in the container, and then stir the dispersion in the container at room temperature for 30 minutes at 150 rpm. 5) Take (D) g of the supernatant of the dispersion liquid and add pure water to it to adjust the liquid volume.
- the diglycolic acid residue may be a monovalent group bonded to an amino group of an amino group-containing polymer, for example, as represented by the following formula (1) or (2).
- the amino group in the formula is an amino group of an amino group-containing polymer, and the portion excluding the amino group is a diglycolic acid residue.
- the diglycolic acid residue interacts with the rare earth complex so that the adsorbent particles can adsorb the rare earth element.
- the adsorbent particles When the adsorbent particles have high hydrophilicity, the amount of adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements tends to improve. It is considered that one of the reasons is that the adsorbent particles having high hydrophilicity are easily wetted with the aqueous solution containing the rare earth element, and as a result, the chance of the rare earth element coming into contact with the adsorbent particles is increased.
- the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent particles is the ratio of the two when the BET specific surface area of the adsorbent particles determined by the adsorption of nitrogen gas is X 0 and the BET specific surface area of the adsorbent particles determined by the adsorption of water vapor is X 1. It can be evaluated based on X 1 / X 0 . A large X 1 / X 0 means that the adsorbent particles are highly hydrophilic. From the viewpoint of improving the adsorbed amount and the desorbed amount of the rare earth element, X 1 / X 0 of the adsorbent particles according to one embodiment is 0.10 to 1.0.
- X 1 / X 0 may be 0.11 or more, or 0.26 or more, and is 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, or 0.5 or less. You may. X 1 / X 0 may be 0.10 or more and 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, or 0.5 or less, and 0.11 or more and 0. It may be 9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, or 0.5 or less, and 0.26 or more and 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0. It may be 0.6 or less, or 0.5 or less. By adhering an appropriately selected hydrophilic organic compound (for example, an amino group-containing polymer) to the surface of the carrier particles, the adsorbent particles showing X 1 / X 0 within the above range can be easily obtained.
- an appropriately selected hydrophilic organic compound for example, an amino group-containing polymer
- BET specific surface area ratio reflecting the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent particles Similar to X 1 / X 0 , based on the BET specific surface area ratio representing the hydrophilicity of the substrate particles before the diglycolic acid residue was introduced. , The amount of adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements can be improved. Therefore, when the BET specific surface area of the base particles obtained by the adsorption of nitrogen gas is Y 0 and the BET specific surface area of the base particles obtained by the adsorption of water vapor is Y 1 , the ratio of the two is Y 1 / Y 0.
- Y 1 / Y 0 may be 0.05 or more and 1.0 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less, and 0.06 or more and 1. It may be 0 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or 0.1 or less, and 0.26 or more and 1.0 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0. It may be .2 or less, or 0.1 or less.
- adsorbent particles for example, a base material particle having no diglycolic acid residue, which contains a carrier particle and a hydrophilic organic compound adhering to the surface of the carrier particle, is prepared, and diglycolic acid is added to the hydrophilic organic compound.
- it can be produced by a method including combining the anhydrides thereof to form adsorbent particles.
- the hydrophilic organic compound is an amino group-containing polymer
- diglycolic acid or an acid anhydride thereof can be bonded to the amino group of the amino group-containing polymer.
- the base particle is produced by adhering a hydrophilic organic compound to the surface of the carrier particle.
- An example of a method for preparing the base material particles when the carrier particles contain an organic polymer having a reactive group is in a reaction solution containing a monomer component containing a monomer having a reactive group, a porosifying agent, and an aqueous medium. It includes producing carrier particles which are porous particles by suspension polymerization in, and binding the hydrophilic organic compound with the organic polymer by the reaction of the reactive group and the hydrophilic organic compound.
- the porosifying agent used to form porous particles is a component that promotes phase separation of particles during polymerization, thereby forming porous polymer particles.
- An example of a porosifying agent is an organic solvent.
- organic solvents that can be used as the porosifying agent include aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, ketones, ethers, and alcohols.
- the porosifying agent is at least selected from the group consisting of, for example, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane, octane, butyl acetate, dibutyl phthalate, methyl ethyl ketone, dibutyl ether, 1-hexanol, 2-octanol, decanol, lauryl alcohol, and cyclohexanol.
- One type can be included.
- the amount of the porosifying agent may be 0 to 300% by mass with respect to the total amount of the monomer components.
- the porosity of the porous polymer particles can be controlled by the amount of the porosifying agent.
- the size and shape of the pores of the porous polymer particles can be controlled by the type of the porosifying agent.
- the aqueous medium may contain water.
- This water may function as a porosifying agent.
- an oil-soluble surfactant is added to the reaction solution, particles containing the monomer and the oil-soluble surfactant are formed, and the particles can absorb water to promote phase separation in the particles. By removing one phase from the phase-separated particles, the particles are made porous.
- the aqueous medium contains water or a mixed solvent of water and a water-soluble solvent (for example, a lower alcohol).
- the aqueous medium may contain a surfactant.
- the surfactant may be an anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic surfactant.
- the reaction solution for suspension polymerization may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, benzoyl orthochloro peroxide, benzoyl orthomethoxy peroxide, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl peroxide, and tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexano.
- Organic peroxides such as ate, di-tert-butyl peroxide; 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 1,1'-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2,4-azobis) Examples thereof include azo compounds such as dimethylvaleronitrile).
- the amount of the polymerization initiator may be 0.1 to 7.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer component.
- the reaction solution may contain a dispersion stabilizer in order to improve the dispersion stability of the particles containing the monomer component.
- the dispersion stabilizer include polyvinyl alcohol, polycarboxylic acid, celluloses (hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, etc.), and polyvinylpyrrolidone. These may be used in combination with an inorganic water-soluble polymer compound such as sodium tripolyphosphate.
- the dispersion stabilizer may be polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the amount of the dispersion stabilizer may be 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer.
- the reaction solution for suspension polymerization may contain a water-soluble polymerization inhibitor such as nitrites, sulfites, hydroquinones, ascorbic acids, water-soluble B vitamins, citric acid, and polyphenols.
- a water-soluble polymerization inhibitor such as nitrites, sulfites, hydroquinones, ascorbic acids, water-soluble B vitamins, citric acid, and polyphenols.
- the polymerization temperature for suspension polymerization can be appropriately selected according to the type of monomer and polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization temperature may be 25 to 110 ° C. or 50 to 100 ° C.
- the generated porous particles are washed and dried as necessary, and then the amino group of the amino group-containing polymer is reacted with the reactive group of the organic polymer. ..
- This reaction can be carried out, for example, in a reaction solution containing carrier particles, an amino group-containing polymer, and a solvent while heating, if necessary.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, water.
- diglycolic acid or its anhydride is bonded to the amino groups of the amino group-containing polymer attached to the carrier particles.
- This reaction can be carried out, for example, in a reaction solution containing base particles, diglycolic acid or an anhydride thereof, and a solvent while heating as necessary.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, tetrahydrofuran.
- This reaction forms adsorbent particles into which diglycolic acid residues have been introduced. The formed adsorbent particles are washed and dried if necessary.
- the substrate particles containing the carrier particles and the hydrophilic organic compound adhering to the surface of the carrier particles may be used to obtain adsorbent particles or separator particles into which a ligand other than the diglycolic acid residue has been introduced.
- the average particle size of the substrate particles is usually substantially the same as the average particle size of the adsorbent particles.
- a method including contacting a solution containing a rare earth element with an adsorbent particle to adsorb the rare earth element to the adsorbent particle, and desorbing the rare earth element from the adsorbent particle in an acidic solution containing an acid. Therefore, rare earth elements can be efficiently recovered.
- the temperature of the solution for adsorption and the acidic solution for desorption is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 15 to 35 ° C.
- the contact time between the solution for adsorption and the adsorbent particles may be, for example, 20 seconds or more, 40 seconds or more, or 48 hours or less.
- the contact time between the acidic solution for desorption and the adsorbent particles may be, for example, 5 seconds or more, 10 seconds or more, or 6 hours or less.
- the recovery method using the adsorbent particles according to the present embodiment enables efficient recovery of the rare earth element based on the large amount of adsorption by the adsorbent particles and the efficient desorption of the adsorbed rare earth element. Further, since the adsorbent particles according to the present embodiment have high resistance to acid as compared with the adsorbent containing silica particles as carrier particles, they are also advantageous in that they are less deteriorated when used repeatedly.
- the pH of the solution when adsorbing the rare earth element on the adsorbent particles may be about 1.0 to 2.0.
- Acidity The acidity of the acidic solution for desorbing the rare earth element is adjusted to such an intensity that the rare earth element is appropriately desorbed.
- the acid concentration of the acidic solution may be 2 or less, 1 or less, or 0.5 or less.
- the adsorbent particles according to the present embodiment can desorb rare earth elements with high efficiency even when a relatively weak acidic acidic solution is used.
- the use of a weakly acidic acidic solution is beneficial not only in suppressing deterioration of the adsorbent but also in reducing the environmental load.
- the acidic solution may be, for example, hydrochloric acid.
- the rare earth element to be recovered may be any of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanoid, and may be lanthanoid such as dysprosium and neodymium.
- the solution containing the recovered rare earth element may be an aqueous solution. Rare earth elements in solution are usually dissolved as cations in a solvent (eg water).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a filling column.
- the filling column 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a column main body portion 11 (column tube), a connecting portion 12, and a column packing material 13 containing adsorbent particles according to the above-described embodiment.
- the connection portions 12 are arranged at both ends of the column body portion 11 in order to connect the column body portion 11 to the column chromatography apparatus.
- the column filler 13 is filled in the tubular column body 11.
- the material of the column body 11 and the connecting portion 12 is not particularly limited, and may be stainless steel or a resin such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
- the column packing material 13 containing the adsorbent particles is usually filled in the column body 11 together with the solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent in which the adsorbent particles are dispersed, but may be, for example, water.
- a solution containing the rare earth element is passed through the packed column, and then an acidic solution is passed through the packed column.
- Example 1 Substrate particles Porous polymer particles (specific surface area: 330 m 2 / g) made of divinylbenzene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, which is a styrene-based polymer, were prepared as carrier particles. The porous polymer particles were added to methanol, and the suspension was shaken and stirred to wet the porous polymer particles with methanol. Then, the suspension was filtered with pure water while maintaining a wet state to replace methanol with pure water.
- polyethyleneimine molecular weight 300, amine value 21 mmol / g
- polyethyleneimine in a mass ratio of 1: 2 is added, and then suspended.
- the porous polymer particles taken out by filtration were thoroughly washed with ethanol and water, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain base particles into which polyethyleneimine was introduced.
- the average particle size of the obtained base particles was 400 ⁇ m, and the amount of amino groups per 1 g of the base particles was 2.5 mmol.
- Adsorbent particles 1.2 g of base particles and 5.6 g of diglycolic acid anhydride were reacted in tetrahydrofuran at 50 ° C. for 8 hours.
- the particles taken out by filtration were thoroughly washed with ethanol and water, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain adsorbent particles into which diglycolic acid residues were introduced.
- Example 2 Adsorbent particles into which a diglycolic acid residue was introduced were obtained by the same operation as in Example 1 except that polyethyleneimine having a molecular weight of 1200 and an amine value of 19 mmol / g was used.
- the average particle size of the base particles was 400 ⁇ m, and the amount of amino groups per 1 g of the base particles was 3.5 mmol.
- Example 3 Porous polymer particles made of the same divinylbenzene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer as in Example 1 were prepared as carrier particles.
- the porous polymer particles were added to methanol, and the suspension was shaken and stirred to wet the porous polymer particles with methanol. Then, the suspension was filtered with pure water while maintaining a wet state to replace methanol with pure water. Subsequently, the solvent of the suspension was replaced with an aqueous polylysine solution (concentration: 0% by mass, molecular weight: about 5000) from pure water.
- the reaction between the epoxy group of the porous polymer particles and polylysine was allowed to proceed by heating at 80 ° C. for 8 hours.
- the porous polymer particles taken out by filtration were thoroughly washed with ethanol and water, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain base particles into which polylysine was introduced.
- the average particle size of the base particles was 400 ⁇ m, and the amount of amino groups per 1 g of the base particles was 3.4 mmol.
- the adsorbent particles into which the diglycolic acid residue was introduced were obtained by the same operation as in Example 1 except that the obtained base material particles were used.
- Porous polymer particles made of the same divinylbenzene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer as in Example 1 were prepared as carrier particles.
- the porous polymer particles were added to methanol, and the suspension was shaken and stirred to wet the porous polymer particles with methanol. Then, the suspension was filtered with pure water while maintaining a wet state to replace methanol with pure water. Subsequently, the solvent of the suspension was replaced with ethylenediamine from pure water in the same manner. The reaction of the epoxy groups of the porous polymer particles with ethylenediamine was allowed to proceed by heating the suspension at 80 ° C. for 8 hours.
- the porous polymer particles taken out by filtration were thoroughly washed with ethanol and water, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain base particles into which ethylenediamine had been introduced.
- the average particle size of the base particles was 400 ⁇ m, and the amount of amino groups per 1 g of the base particles was 2.4 mmol.
- the adsorbent particles into which the diglycolic acid residue was introduced were obtained by the same operation as in Example 1 except that the obtained base material particles were used.
- Comparative Example 2 Adsorbent particles into which a diglycolic acid residue was introduced were obtained by the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 except that diethylenetriamine was used instead of ethylenediamine.
- the average particle size of the base particles was 400 ⁇ m, and the amount of amino groups per 1 g of the base particles was 2.6 mmol.
- Comparative Example 3 Polymer particles made of a methacrylate copolymer, which is an acrylic polymer into which an epoxy group was introduced, were prepared as carrier particles. The amount of epoxy groups per 1 g of the polymer particles was 0.6 to 1.0 mmol. Ethylenediamine was added to the polymer particles and subsequently heated at 80 ° C. for 8 hours to allow the reaction between the epoxy group of the polymer particles and ethylenediamine to proceed. The polymer particles taken out by filtration were thoroughly washed with ethanol and water, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain base particles into which ethylenediamine had been introduced. The amount of amino groups per 1 g of the base particle was 1.2 mmol. The adsorbent particles into which the diglycolic acid residue was introduced were obtained by the same operation as in Example 1 except that the obtained base material particles were used.
- the BET specific surface area X 0 of the adsorbent particles determined by the adsorption of nitrogen gas and the BET specific surface area X 1 of the adsorbent particles determined by the adsorption of water vapor were determined.
- the ratio of the two, X 1 / X 0, was calculated.
- the hydrophilicity of the substrate particles prepared in Example 3 before the introduction of the diglycolic acid residue was also evaluated.
- the BET specific surface area Y 0 of the base particles determined by the adsorption of nitrogen gas is 144 m 2 / g
- the BET specific surface area Y 1 of the base particles determined by the adsorption of water vapor is 13.4 m 2 / g, which is a ratio of the two.
- Y 1 / Y 0 was 0.093.
- Dy dysprosium
- the amount of desorbed dysprosium ions per 1 g of adsorbent particles by the same method as above except that the pH of the suspension for desorption was changed to 0.3, which corresponds to the hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.5. (Amount of desorption, ⁇ mol / g) was determined.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of dysprosium ion desorbed in the desorption test and X 1 / X 0 , which is an index of hydrophilicity. From these results, when the carrier particles are styrene-based polymer particles and X 1 / X 0 is 0.10 to 1.0, the amount of rare earth elements adsorbed is large and the ratio of adsorbed rare earth elements is high. It was confirmed that it was detached at.
- the index Y 1 / Y 0 of the hydrophilicity of the base material particles constituting the adsorbent particles of Example 3 is 0.093 as described above, which is higher than the index X 1 / X 0 of the hydrophilicity of the adsorbent particles. Somewhat small. In this way, the value of Y 1 / Y 0 is smaller than that of X 1 / X 0 due to the influence of the presence or absence of hydrophilic diglycolic acid residues, but Y 1 / Y 0 is also X 1 / X 0 . Similarly, it is considered to correlate with the amount of adsorption and desorption of rare earth elements.
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Abstract
Description
1)粒子を、水(界面活性剤等の分散剤を含む)に分散させ、1質量%の粒子を含む分散液を調製する。
2)フロー式粒子像分析装置を用いて、分散液中の粒子約1万個の画像により平均粒径を測定する。
1)基材粒子(A)gにメタノールを加え、得られた分散液を75℃で30分間加熱する。
2)分散液から、吸引濾過により基材粒子を濾過器上に回収する。吸引を継続しながら、濾過器上の基材粒子に純水を加えることにより、メタノールを純水に置換し、次いで少量の0.1M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて基材粒子をコンディショニングする。その後、濾液が中性になるまで純水で基材粒子を洗浄する。
3)洗浄後の基材粒子を、少量の純水を用いてガラス製の容器に移し替える。容器中の純水の総量が(B)gとなるように調整する。
4)容器内の分散液に0.05M硫酸を(C)g加え、その後、室温で30分、150rpmで容器内の分散液を撹拌する。
5)分散液の上澄みを(D)g分取し、そこに純水を加えて液量を調整する。
6)希釈後の上澄みを、0.01M水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて滴定し、中和に要した水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の量(E)mLを記録する。
7)アミノ基の量を、以下の式によって算出する。
アミノ基の量(mmol/g)=[{0.1×C×D/(B+C)-0.01×E}×(B+C)/D]/A
実施例1
基材粒子
スチレン系ポリマーであるジビニルベンゼン-グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体からなる多孔質ポリマー粒子(比表面積:330m2/g)を担体粒子として準備した。この多孔質ポリマー粒子をメタノールに加え、懸濁液を揺動撹拌することで多孔質ポリマー粒子をメタノールで湿潤した。その後、懸濁液を、純水を用いて湿潤状態を維持しながらろ過することにより、メタノールを純水に置換した。純水及び湿潤した多孔質ポリマー粒子を含む懸濁液に、水:ポリエチレンイミンが質量比で1:2となる量のポリエチレンイミン(分子量300、アミン価21mmol/g)を加え、続いて懸濁液を80℃で8時間加熱することにより、多孔質ポリマー粒子のエポキシ基とポリエチレンイミンとの反応を進行させた。ろ過により取り出した多孔質ポリマー粒子を、エタノール及び水で十分洗浄してから、80℃で15時間乾燥させることで、ポリエチレンイミンが導入された基材粒子を得た。得られた基材粒子の平均粒径は400μm、基材粒子1gあたりのアミノ基の量は2.5mmolであった。
基材粒子1.2gとジグリコール酸無水物5.6gとを、テトラヒドロフラン中、50℃で8時間反応させた。ろ過により取り出した粒子を、エタノール及び水で十分洗浄してから、80℃で15時間乾燥させることで、ジグリコール酸残基が導入された吸着材粒子を得た。
ポリエチレンイミンとして分子量1200、アミン価19mmol/gのものを使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作により、ジグリコール酸残基が導入された吸着材粒子を得た。基材粒子の平均粒径は400μm、基材粒子1gあたりのアミノ基の量は3.5mmolであった。
実施例1と同じジビニルベンゼン-グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体からなる多孔質ポリマー粒子を担体粒子として準備した。この多孔質ポリマー粒子をメタノールに加え、懸濁液を揺動撹拌することで多孔質ポリマー粒子をメタノールで湿潤した。その後、懸濁液を純水を用いて湿潤状態を維持しながらろ過することにより、メタノールを純水に置換した。続いて、懸濁液の溶媒を、純水からポリリジン水溶液(濃度0質量%、分子量:約5000)に置換した。80℃で8時間の加熱により多孔質ポリマー粒子のエポキシ基とポリリジンとの反応を進行させた。ろ過により取り出した多孔質ポリマー粒子を、エタノール及び水で十分洗浄してから、80℃で15時間乾燥させることで、ポリリジンが導入された基材粒子を得た。基材粒子の平均粒径は400μm、基材粒子1gあたりのアミノ基の量は3.4mmolであった。
得られた基材粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作により、ジグリコール酸残基が導入された吸着材粒子を得た。
実施例1と同じジビニルベンゼン-グリシジルメタクリレート共重合体からなる多孔質ポリマー粒子を担体粒子として準備した。この多孔質ポリマー粒子をメタノールに加え、懸濁液を揺動撹拌することで多孔質ポリマー粒子をメタノールで湿潤した。その後、懸濁液を純水を用いて湿潤状態を維持しながらろ過することにより、メタノールを純水に置換した。続いて、懸濁液の溶媒を、同様の方法で純水からエチレンジアミンに置換した。懸濁液を80℃で8時間加熱することにより、多孔質ポリマー粒子のエポキシ基とエチレンジアミンとの反応を進行させた。ろ過により取り出した多孔質ポリマー粒子を、エタノール及び水で十分洗浄してから、80℃で15時間乾燥させることで、エチレンジアミンが導入された基材粒子を得た。基材粒子の平均粒径は400μm、基材粒子1gあたりのアミノ基の量は2.4mmolであった。
得られた基材粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作により、ジグリコール酸残基が導入された吸着材粒子を得た。
エチレンジアミンの代わりにジエチレントリアミンを使用したこと以外は比較例1と同様の操作により、ジグリコール酸残基が導入された吸着材粒子を得た。基材粒子の平均粒径は400μm、基材粒子1gあたりのアミノ基の量は2.6mmolであった。
エポキシ基が導入された、アクリル系ポリマーであるメタクリレート共重合体からなるポリマー粒子を担体粒子として準備した。このポリマー粒子1gあたりのエポキシ基の量は、0.6~1.0mmolであった。このポリマー粒子にエチレンジアミンを加え、続いて80℃で8時間加熱することにより、ポリマー粒子のエポキシ基とエチレンジアミンとの反応を進行させた。ろ過により取り出したポリマー粒子を、エタノール及び水で十分洗浄してから、80℃で15時間乾燥させることで、エチレンジアミンが導入された基材粒子を得た。基材粒子1gあたりのアミノ基の量は1.2mmolであった。
得られた基材粒子を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作により、ジグリコール酸残基が導入された吸着材粒子を得た。
2-1.親水性評価
各吸着材粒子の試料から前処理によって水分を除去した。次いで、BETガス吸着装置(3Flex、マイクロメリティックス社製)を用いた窒素ガス又は水蒸気の吸着量の測定により、試料の吸着等温線を相対圧0.1以下の範囲で得た。測定温度は、窒素ガス吸着の場合は液体窒素温度(-196℃)、水蒸気の場合は25℃とした。得られた吸着等温線から、窒素ガスの吸着によって求められる吸着材粒子のBET比表面積X0、及び、水蒸気の吸着によって求められる吸着材粒子のBET比表面積X1を求めた。次いで両者の比X1/X0を算出した。
同様の方法で、実施例3で作製した、ジグリコール酸残基を導入する前の基材粒子の親水性も評価した。窒素ガスの吸着によって求められる基材粒子のBET比表面積Y0は144m2/g、水蒸気の吸着によって求められる基材粒子のBET比表面積Y1は13.4m2/gであり、両者の比Y1/Y0は0.093であった。
濃度160ppmでジスプロシウム(Dy)を含み、pHが1.3に調整された吸着試験用の水溶液5mLを準備した。この水溶液に各吸着材粒子50mgを加えた。吸着材粒子を含む懸濁液を、25℃に維持しながら振とうした。24時間の振とうによってジスプロシウムイオンを吸着材粒子に吸着させた後、懸濁液から採取した水溶液のICP発光分析装置により、水溶液中のジスプロシウムイオン濃度を測定した。吸着前後のイオン濃度の差から、吸着材粒子1gあたりのジスプロシウムイオンの吸着量(μmol/g)を算出した。
吸着試験終了後の吸着材粒子を含む懸濁液に塩酸を加えることにより、そのpHを、2規定の塩酸濃度に相当する-0.3に調整した。pH=-0.3の懸濁液を、温度25℃に維持しながら3時間振とうすることにより、ジスプロシウムイオンを吸着材粒子から脱離させた。懸濁液から採取した水溶液のICP発光分析装置により、水溶液中のジスプロシウムイオン濃度を測定した。脱離前後のイオン濃度の差から、吸着材粒子1gあたりの脱離したジスプロシウムイオンの量(脱離量、μmol/g)を算出した。
脱離のための懸濁液のpHを0.5規定の塩酸濃度に相当する0.3に変更したこと以外は上記と同様の方法により、吸着材粒子1gあたりの脱離したジスプロシウムイオンの量(脱離量、μmol/g)を求めた。
Claims (13)
- スチレン系モノマーに由来するモノマー単位を含む有機ポリマーを含有する担体粒子と、
前記担体粒子の表面に付着した親水性有機化合物と、
前記親水性有機化合物に結合したジグリコール酸残基と、
を含む、吸着材粒子であって
窒素ガスの吸着によって求められる当該吸着材粒子のBET比表面積がX0で、水蒸気の吸着によって求められる当該吸着材粒子のBET比表面積がX1であるとき、X1/X0が0.10~1.0である、吸着材粒子。 - 前記担体粒子が多孔質ポリマー粒子である、請求項1に記載の吸着材粒子。
- 前記親水性有機化合物が、アミノ基を有する構成単位を含むアミノ基含有ポリマーであり、前記グリコール酸残基が前記アミノ基に結合している、請求項1又は2に記載の吸着材粒子。
- 当該吸着材粒子におけるアミノ基の量が、当該吸着材粒子1gあたり0.1~100mmolである、請求項3に記載の吸着材粒子。
- 希土類元素を回収するために用いられる、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の吸着材粒子。
- スチレン系モノマーに由来するモノマー単位を含む有機ポリマーを含有する担体粒子と、
前記担体粒子の表面に付着した親水性有機化合物と、
を含む、基材粒子であって、
窒素ガスの吸着によって求められる当該基材粒子のBET比表面積がY0で、水蒸気の吸着によって求められる当該基材粒子のBET比表面積がY1であるとき、Y1/Y0が0.05~1.0である、基材粒子。 - 前記担体粒子が多孔質ポリマー粒子である、請求項6に記載の基材粒子。
- 前記親水性有機化合物が、アミノ基を有する構成単位を含むアミノ基含有ポリマーである、請求項6又は7に記載の基材粒子。
- 当該基材粒子におけるアミノ基の量が、当該基材粒子1gあたり0.1~100mmolである、請求項8に記載の基材粒子。
- 前記親水性有機化合物に結合したジグリコール酸残基を含む吸着材粒子を形成するために用いられる、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の基材粒子。
- カラム本体部と、前記カラム本体部に充填された請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の吸着材粒子と、を備える、充填カラム。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の吸着材粒子に、希土類元素を含む溶液を接触させ、それにより前記希土類元素を前記吸着材粒子に吸着させることと、
酸を含む酸性溶液との接触によって、前記吸着材粒子から前記希土類元素を脱離させることと、
を含む、希土類元素を回収する方法。 - 前記酸性溶液の酸濃度が0.5規定以下である、請求項12に記載の方法。
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| JP2021526145A JP7476894B2 (ja) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-06-12 | 吸着材粒子、基材粒子、充填カラム、及び、希土類元素を回収する方法 |
| US17/617,938 US12280357B2 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-06-12 | Adsorbent particles, base particle, packed column, and method for recovering rare-earth element |
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Cited By (2)
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| WO2022102373A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-05-19 | 昭和電工マテリアルズ株式会社 | 吸着材粒子、吸着材粒子を製造する方法、基材粒子、充填カラム、及び、希土類元素を回収する方法 |
| JP2023089877A (ja) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-28 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | 保温容器 |
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| CN116764607B (zh) * | 2023-08-25 | 2023-10-24 | 成都中核高通同位素股份有限公司 | 改性吸附树脂及其在分离钙钪的应用 |
| CN116948109B (zh) * | 2023-09-19 | 2024-01-09 | 西南石油大学 | 一种光伏产业链污水处理用多孔材料及其制备方法 |
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| WO2015137451A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | 株式会社クラレ | 重合体、吸着材、並びにその製造方法 |
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| JP2023089877A (ja) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-06-28 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | 保温容器 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20220305457A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
| JP7476894B2 (ja) | 2024-05-01 |
| JPWO2020251000A1 (ja) | 2020-12-17 |
| CN113993618A (zh) | 2022-01-28 |
| US12280357B2 (en) | 2025-04-22 |
| CN113993618B (zh) | 2024-05-24 |
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