WO2020241404A1 - ナノダイヤモンド分散組成物 - Google Patents
ナノダイヤモンド分散組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020241404A1 WO2020241404A1 PCT/JP2020/019893 JP2020019893W WO2020241404A1 WO 2020241404 A1 WO2020241404 A1 WO 2020241404A1 JP 2020019893 W JP2020019893 W JP 2020019893W WO 2020241404 A1 WO2020241404 A1 WO 2020241404A1
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- nanodiamond
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- mass
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- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002813 thiocarbonyl group Chemical group *C(*)=S 0.000 description 1
- VNXUJPCYZSNXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran-4-one Chemical group O=C1C=CSC=C1 VNXUJPCYZSNXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZLKDWBQTGTOQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitramide Inorganic materials O=N(=O)N(N(=O)=O)N(=O)=O LZLKDWBQTGTOQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010947 wet-dispersion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
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- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
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- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
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- C09C3/08—Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds
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- C09C3/12—Treatment with organosilicon compounds
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/88—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by thermal analysis data, e.g. TGA, DTA, DSC
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- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1454—Abrasive powders, suspensions and pastes for polishing
- C09K3/1472—Non-aqueous liquid suspensions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
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- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to nanodiamond dispersion compositions. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a composition in which nanodiamond particles are dispersed in an organic dispersion medium.
- the present application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-101168 filed in Japan on May 30, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- nano-sized fine substances have new properties that cannot be expressed in the bulk state.
- nanodiamond particles generally have a large proportion of surface atoms, the sum of van der Waals forces that can act between the surface atoms of adjacent particles is large, and aggregation is likely to occur.
- a phenomenon called agglutination can occur in which the Coulomb interaction between crystal planes of adjacent crystal faces contributes and very strongly aggregates. Therefore, it was very difficult to disperse the nanodiamond particles in the form of primary particles in an organic solvent.
- Patent Document 3 describes that the wet dispersion treatment is performed by the bead milling method, but in this method, the dispersion is carried out in an organic dispersion medium having an SP value of 11 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 or more. However, it was difficult to disperse in an organic dispersion medium having a low SP value of less than, for example, 11 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a nanodiamond dispersion composition having excellent dispersibility of nanodiamond particles even in an organic dispersion medium having a low SP value.
- the inventors of the present disclosure use a nanodiamond dispersion composition having excellent dispersibility of nanodiamond particles even in an organic dispersion medium having a low SP value by using a specific dispersant. Found that can be obtained.
- the present disclosure relates to what has been completed based on these findings.
- the present disclosure provides a nanodiamond dispersion composition containing an organic dispersion medium, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the organic dispersion medium, and a fatty acid ester-based dispersant.
- the fatty acid ester-based dispersant preferably has a mass reduction rate of 20% or less when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 180 minutes.
- the acid value of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is preferably 40 mgKOH / g or less.
- the average dispersed particle size of the nanodiamond particles in the nanodiamond dispersion composition is preferably 2 to 240 nm.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition preferably has a haze value of 5 or less.
- the SP value of the organic dispersion medium is preferably 6.0 to 12.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition preferably has a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 0.2 to 120 mPa ⁇ s.
- the average molecular weight Mp of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is preferably 300 or more.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition may have a content ratio of nanodiamond particles of 0.01 to 5.0% by mass.
- the nanodiamond particles preferably contain surface-modified nanodiamonds in which the group represented by the following formula (I) modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- R represents a monovalent organic group, and the atom bonded to X is a carbon atom.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition of the present disclosure is excellent in dispersibility of nanodiamond particles not only in an organic dispersion medium having a high SP value but also in an organic dispersion medium having a low SP value. Further, the fatty acid ester-based dispersant has high heat resistance, and the nanodiamond dispersion composition of the present disclosure tends to have excellent dispersion stability in a high temperature environment.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition (ND dispersion composition) according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes an organic dispersion medium, nanodiamond particles (ND particles) dispersed in the organic dispersion medium, and a fatty acid ester-based dispersant. And at least include.
- the average dispersed particle diameter (D50, median diameter) of the ND particles in the ND dispersion composition is preferably 2 to 240 nm, more preferably 4 to 200 nm, more preferably 10 to 180 nm, still more preferably 20 to 150 nm, particularly. It is preferably 25 to 80 nm.
- the average dispersed particle size can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. Since the ND dispersion composition has excellent dispersibility of ND particles, it can be dispersed in an organic dispersion medium with an average dispersion particle diameter within the above range.
- the content of the ND particles in the ND dispersion composition is, for example, 0.01 to 5.0% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 4.0% by mass, and more preferably 0.25 to 3.0% by mass. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 2.0% by mass. When the content ratio is within the above range, the dispersibility of the ND particles is more excellent.
- the content of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant in the ND dispersion composition is, for example, 10 to 10000 parts by mass, preferably 50 to 1000 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of ND particles in the ND dispersion composition. More preferably, it is 70 to 300 parts by mass.
- the ND dispersion composition may be a concentrated solution diluted at the time of use so that the content ratio of ND particles is low (for example, 0.1 to 2000 mass ppm), and the fatty acid ester-based dispersant in the concentrated solution may be used.
- the content of ND particles is preferably 1000 to 10000 parts by mass, more preferably 2000 to 100,000 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 3000 to 50000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of ND particles in the ND dispersion composition. ..
- the content ratio of the solvent in the ND dispersion composition is, for example, 90 to 99.9999% by mass.
- the content ratio of the organic dispersion medium in the total amount of the solvent is, for example, 60% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the ND dispersion composition preferably has a haze value of 5 or less, more preferably 3 or less, still more preferably 1 or less, and particularly preferably 0.5 or less. Since the ND dispersion composition has excellent dispersibility of ND particles, it is possible to obtain an ND dispersion composition having the haze value.
- the haze value can be measured based on JIS K 7136.
- the viscosity of the ND dispersion composition at 25 ° C. is preferably 0.2 to 120 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 10 to 100 mPa ⁇ s, and even more preferably 20 to 90 mPa ⁇ s. Since the ND dispersion composition has excellent dispersibility of ND particles, the dispersibility in the organic dispersion medium is excellent even when the viscosity is within the above range.
- the rotor and the rotation speed of the rotor at the time of measuring the viscosity are appropriately selected according to the measured values.
- the viscosity can be measured using, for example, an EMS viscometer (trade name "EMS1000", manufactured by Kyoto Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the ND dispersion composition may be composed of only ND particles, a fatty acid ester-based dispersant, and an organic dispersion medium, or may contain other components.
- Other components include, for example, dispersants other than fatty acid ester dispersants, surfactants, thickeners, coupling agents, rust preventives, corrosion inhibitors, freezing point lowering agents, defoaming agents, and abrasion resistant additives. , Preservatives, colorants and the like.
- the content ratio of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably 99% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the dispersants in the ND dispersion composition. ..
- the content ratio of the other components is, for example, 30% by mass or less, preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, still more preferably 5% by mass or less, particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the ND dispersion composition. Is 1% by mass or less. Therefore, the total content of the ND particles, the fatty acid ester dispersant, and the organic dispersion medium is, for example, 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass, based on the total amount of the ND dispersion composition. % Or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 99% by mass or more.
- the ND particles are not particularly limited, and known or commonly used nanodiamond particles can be used.
- the ND particles may be surface-modified ND (surface-modified ND) particles or may be surface-modified ND particles.
- the surface-modified ND particles have a hydroxy group (-OH) or a carboxy group (-COOH) on the surface.
- -OH hydroxy group
- -COOH carboxy group
- Examples of the compound or functional group that surface-modifies the ND particles in the surface-modified ND include a silane compound, a phosphonate ion or a phosphonic acid residue, a surface modifying group having a vinyl group at the terminal, an amide group, and a cationic surfactant. Examples thereof include a cation, a group containing a polyglycerin chain, and a group containing a polyethylene glycol chain.
- the compound or functional group that surface-modifies the ND particles preferably contains an organic group.
- the organic group is more preferably an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms (for example, 4 to 25), further preferably an organic group having 6 or more (for example, 6 to 22) carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 8 or more carbon atoms (for example, 8 to 25).
- 20) is an organic group.
- the surface-modifying compound or functional group contains an organic group (particularly, an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms)
- the ND particles in the organic dispersion medium due to the hydrophobic interaction between the organic group and the organic dispersion medium. The dispersibility of is better.
- organic group examples include a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a group in which two or more of the hydrocarbon group and / or the heterocyclic group are bonded, and the like.
- organic group examples include organic groups in monovalent organic groups exemplified and described as R in the formula (I) described later.
- the compound or functional group that surface-modifies the ND particles in the surface-modified ND is represented by the following formula (I) from the viewpoint of being more excellent in dispersibility in the organic dispersion medium in combination with the fatty acid ester-based dispersant. Groups are preferred. That is, the surface-modified ND is preferably a surface-modified ND in which the group represented by the following formula (I) modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- R represents a monovalent organic group, and the atom bonded to X is a carbon atom.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group in R include a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group (monovalent hydrocarbon group), a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group (monovalent heterocyclic group), and the above. Examples thereof include a monovalent hydrocarbon group and / or a group in which two or more monovalent heterocyclic groups are bonded.
- the bonded group may be directly bonded or may be bonded via a linking group.
- Examples of the linking group include amino group, ether bond, ester bond, phosphinic acid group, sulfide bond, carbonyl group, organic group substituted amide group, organic group substituted urethane bond, organic group substituted imide bond, thiocarbonyl group and siloxane. Examples include a bond, a group in which two or more of these are bonded, and the like.
- hydrocarbon group in the monovalent organic group examples include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a group in which two or more of these are bonded.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group include C 1-22 alkyl groups (preferably C 2-) such as methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, hexyl group, octyl group, isooctyl group, decyl group and dodecyl group. 20 alkyl groups, more preferably C 3-18 alkyl groups) and the like.
- alkenyl group examples include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a metalyl group, a 1-propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 1-butenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a 1-pentenyl group and a 2-pentenyl group.
- alkenyl group examples include C 2-22 alkenyl groups such as 3-pentenyl group, 4-pentenyl group and 5-hexenyl group (preferably C 4-20 alkenyl group, more preferably C 8-18 alkenyl group).
- alkynyl group examples include a C 2-22 alkynyl group such as an ethynyl group and a propynyl group (preferably a C 4-20 alkynyl group, more preferably a C 8-18 alkynyl group).
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include a C 3-12 cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a cyclododecyl group; and a C 3-12 cycloalkenyl group such as a cyclohexenyl group.
- Examples include C 4-15 crosslinked cyclic hydrocarbon groups such as bicycloheptanyl group and bicycloheptenyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include a C 6-14 aryl group such as a phenyl group and a naphthyl group (particularly, a C 6-10 aryl group).
- heterocycle forming the above heterocyclic group examples include aromatic heterocycles and non-aromatic heterocycles.
- a heterocycle is a 3- to 10-membered ring (preferably a 4- to 6-membered ring) having a carbon atom and at least one heteroatom (for example, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom, etc.) in the atoms constituting the ring. ), These fused rings can be mentioned.
- a heterocycle containing an oxygen atom as a heteroatom for example, a 3-membered ring such as an oxyran ring; a 4-membered ring such as an oxetane ring; a furan ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, an oxazole ring, an isooxazole ring, a ⁇ -butyrolactone ring).
- 5-membered rings such as 4-oxo-4H-pyran ring, tetrahydropyran ring, morpholin ring and the like; benzofuran ring, isobenzofuran ring, 4-oxo-4H-chromen ring, chroman ring, isochroman ring and the like Heterocyclic ring; 3-oxatricyclo [4.3.1.1 4,8 ] undecane-2-one ring, 3-oxatricyclo [4.2.1.0 4,8 ] nonane-2-one ring , Etc.), heterocycles containing sulfur atoms as heteroatoms (eg, 5-membered rings such as thiophene ring, thiazole ring, isothiazole ring, thiazizole ring; 6-membered ring such as 4-oxo-4H-thiopyran ring) A 5-membered ring such as a fused ring such as a benzothiophene ring) or a heterocycle
- Examples of the group in which the aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the alicyclic hydrocarbon group are bonded include a cyclohexylmethyl group and a methylcyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the group in which the aliphatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic hydrocarbon group are bonded include a C 7-18 aralkyl group such as a benzyl group and a phenethyl group (particularly, a C 7-10 aralkyl group) and a C such as a cinnamyl group.
- Examples thereof include a C 1-4 alkyl-substituted aryl group such as a 6-10 aryl-C 2-6 alkenyl group and a tolyl group, and a C 2-4 alkenyl-substituted aryl group such as a styryl group.
- Examples of the group in which two or more of the monovalent hydrocarbon group and / or the monovalent heterocyclic group are bonded via a linking group include the monovalent hydrocarbon group and / or the monovalent heterocycle.
- the monovalent organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom and iodine atom; cyano group; isocyanato group; isothiocyanate group and the like.
- the monovalent organic group preferably does not have a functional group containing active hydrogen (hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, mono-substituted amino group, thiol group, phosphate group, etc.).
- the number of carbon atoms in the monovalent organic group is preferably 4 to 25, more preferably 6 to 22, and even more preferably 8 to 20.
- the number of carbon atoms is 4 or more, the steric hindrance between the surface modifying groups becomes sufficient and it is easy to disperse in the dispersion medium.
- the number of carbon atoms is 25 or less, the surface modifying groups are suppressed from being entangled with each other, and the surface modifying groups are easily dispersed in the dispersion medium.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group include a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a group in which a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group and an alkoxy group are bonded, and a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted group.
- a group in which the hydrocarbon group and the dialkylamino group are bonded is preferable.
- the above R preferably contains a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more consecutive carbon atoms in a linear manner.
- a hydrocarbon group include linear alkylene groups such as tetramethylene group, pentamethylene group, hexamethylene group, heptamethylene group, octamethylene group, nonamethylene group and decamethylene group; 2-ethylhexamethylene group and the like.
- Branched chain alkylene group linear alkenylene group such as 1-butenylene group, 2-butenylene group, 1-pentenylene group, 2-pentenylene group, 3-pentenylene group; branched chain such as 2-methyl-2-butenylene group Alkenylene group; an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms such as a cyclohexyl group; an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or more carbon atoms such as a phenyl group; a complex containing a structure in which 4 or more carbon atoms such as a piperidine ring are continuous.
- An example is a cyclic group.
- the molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is preferably 4.5 or more, more preferably. It is 5 or more, more preferably 5.5 or more. When the molar ratio is 4.5 or more, the dispersibility in an organic solvent is more excellent.
- the molar ratio is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 22 or less, or 20 or less.
- a surface-modified ND having excellent dispersibility in an organic dispersion medium can be more easily produced.
- R is a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon. It is preferably a group, more preferably a linear or branched chain hydrocarbon group having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R is preferably a monovalent organic group containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R is preferably a monovalent organic group containing a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more consecutive carbon atoms in a linear manner.
- the silicon atom when X is ⁇ Si—, the silicon atom has two more bonds other than the bond that binds to the nanodiamond particles and the bond that binds to R in the above formula (I). There are two bonds.
- the above two bonds are the same or different, a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a silicon atom in another group represented by the above formula (I), and a silicon atom in a silane compound described later. , Or attached to nanodiamond particles via an oxygen atom.
- the above two bonds are the same or different, and bond to OR 1 , OR 2 , or nanodiamond particles described later.
- the surface-modified ND when X is ⁇ Si— is preferably a surface-modified ND in which a silane compound is bonded to the surface.
- the silane compound preferably has a hydrolyzable group and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- the silane compound used for surface modification of ND particles may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
- the silane compound preferably contains at least a compound represented by the following formula (1-1).
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 represent the same or different aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 4 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 and R 3 include linear or branched alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl groups; vinyl and allyl groups. Such as linear or branched alkenyl group; alkynyl group such as ethynyl group and propynyl group and the like. Of these, linear or branched alkyl groups are preferred.
- R 4 corresponds to R in the above formula (I) and represents a monovalent organic group.
- the monovalent organic group is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 or more carbon atoms, and is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, n.
- Linear or branched such as octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, isononyl, decyl, isodecyl, lauryl, myristyl, isomyristyl, butyloctyl, isosetyl, hexyldecyl, stearyl, isostearyl, octyldecyl, octyldodecyl, isobehenyl group Chain alkyl groups; linear or branched alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, 1-butenyl, 7-octenyl, 8-nonenyl, 9-decenyl, 11-dodecenyl, oleyl groups; ethynyl, propynyl, decynyl, pentadecynyl , A linear or branched alkynyl group such as an octade,
- R 4 has a higher lipophilicity and can cause a larger steric hindrance, so that it has an excellent aggregation suppressing effect and can impart a higher degree of dispersibility. Therefore, an aliphatic hydrocarbon having 4 or more carbon atoms can be provided.
- a hydrogen group is preferable, and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or more carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is, for example, 25, preferably 20, and more preferably 12.
- a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group is preferable, and a linear or branched alkyl group is particularly preferable.
- R 4 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms, it exhibits an affinity for an organic dispersion medium and can cause a larger steric hindrance, so that it has an excellent aggregation inhibitory effect and is a group containing an oxygen atom.
- R 4 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 4 or more carbon atoms, it exhibits an affinity for an organic dispersion medium and can cause a larger steric hindrance, so that it has an excellent aggregation inhibitory effect and is a group containing an oxygen atom.
- (formula (1) OR 1 'group and OR 2' groups in) exhibits an affinity for organic dispersing medium, high affinity for organic dispersing medium, exhibit a more excellent dispersibility in an organic dispersion medium can do.
- examples of the ND particles surface-modified with the silane compound include ND particles having a structure surface-modified with a group represented by the following formula (1).
- R 4 corresponds to R in the group represented by the above formula (1) and represents a monovalent organic group.
- R 1 ', R 2' are the same or different, a hydrogen atom, a group represented by the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or the following formula, (a).
- the wavy bond in the formula binds to the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- R 4 corresponds to R in the group represented by the above formula (1) and represents a monovalent organic group.
- R 3 and R 5 are the same or different, and represent a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- m and n are the same or different, and represent integers of 0 or more.
- the bond extending to the left from the silicon atom bonds to the oxygen atom.
- the wavy bond is bonded to the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- R 4 in the formula (1) correspond to R 4 in the formula (1-1).
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in R 1 ', R 2 ', R 3 and R 5 in the above formula (1) are linear chains such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl groups.
- a branched alkyl group; a linear or branched alkenyl group such as vinyl or allyl group; an alkynyl group such as an ethynyl group or a propynyl group may be used. Of these, linear or branched alkyl groups are preferred.
- M and n are the number of structural units shown in parentheses, and indicate the same or different integers of 0 or more.
- the method of combining the two or more structural units may be random, alternating, or block.
- the silane compound surface-modified ND particle has, for example, a group represented by the following formula (1') and other surface functional groups (for example, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, and a carboxy). It may have other functional groups such as groups).
- the other functional groups may be only one kind or two or more kinds.
- R 1 to the equation (1)', R 4 are as defined above.
- the wavy bond in the formula binds to the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- a silane compound (particularly, a compound represented by the above formula (1-1)) is used as the compound to be surface-treated, the said compound is, for example, OR 1 group or OR 2 group in the above formula (1-1).
- OR 3 groups and other hydrolyzable alkoxysilyl groups are easily hydrolyzed to form silanol groups. Therefore, for example, one of the silanol groups is covalently bonded by dehydration condensation with a hydroxyl group existing on the surface of ND particles.
- the silanol groups of other silane compounds can be condensed with the remaining two silanol groups to form a siloxane bond (Si—O—Si), and the ND particles have an affinity for an organic dispersion medium. Can be imparted, and even better dispersibility can be exhibited in an organic dispersion medium.
- the ND particles constituting the surface-modified ND preferably include primary particles of nanodiamond. In addition, it may contain secondary particles in which a plurality of the above primary particles are aggregated (adhered). Further, the surface of the surface-modified ND may have one or more types of other surface functional groups (for example, amino group, hydroxy group, carboxy group, etc.) in addition to the above surface modifying group.
- the mass ratio [ND / surface modifying group] of ND to the surface modifying group in the surface modifying ND is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 or more, and more preferably 2.5 or more.
- the mass ratio is preferably 15.0 or less, more preferably 10.0 or less, still more preferably 7.0 or less, and particularly preferably 5.0 or less.
- the mass ratio is 0.5 or more, the characteristics as a nanodiamond material are not easily impaired.
- the mass ratio is 15.0 or less (particularly 7.0 or less)
- the degree of modification of the surface modifying group is sufficient, and the dispersibility in the organic dispersion medium is excellent.
- the mass ratio is determined based on the weight loss rate of 200 ° C. to 450 ° C. measured by thermogravimetric analysis, and the reduced weight is determined as the mass of the surface modifying group.
- the organic dispersion medium As the organic dispersion medium, a known or commonly used organic solvent can be used. Above all, from the viewpoint of excellent dispersibility of ND particles in an organic dispersion medium having a lower SP value, the SP value [solubility parameter by Hildebrand ( ⁇ ), unit at 25 ° C.: (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 ] Is preferably 6.0 to 12.0, more preferably 6.0 or more and less than 11.0. In particular, the SP value of the ND dispersion composition is excellent because the dispersibility of the ND particles is excellent even when an organic solvent having a low dispersibility of the ND particles is used by blending the fatty acid ester-based dispersant.
- the SP value [solubility parameter by Hildebrand ( ⁇ ), unit at 25 ° C.: (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 ] Is preferably 6.0 to 12.0, more preferably 6.0 or more and less than 11.0.
- the SP value of the ND dispersion composition is excellent because the dispers
- the SP value of the mixture of two or more kinds of organic dispersion media is preferably in the above range, and the SP value of each organic dispersion medium is out of the above range. May be good.
- organic dispersion medium examples include alkanes such as hexane (SP: 7.0); acetone (SP: 10.0), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, SP: 9.3), and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK, SP: 8).
- alkanes such as hexane (SP: 7.0); acetone (SP: 10.0), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, SP: 9.3), and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK, SP: 8).
- the organic dispersion medium may be a lubricating base.
- a known or commonly used organic solvent used as a lubricating base can be used.
- polyol esters, poly ⁇ -olefins, mineral oils, alkylbenzenes, and polyalkylene glycols are preferable from the viewpoint of being more excellent in reducing the amount of wear of sliding members.
- the ND dispersion composition is particularly excellent in dispersibility of ND particles in an organic dispersion medium by using a fatty acid ester-based dispersant. Moreover, since the fatty acid ester-based dispersant has high heat resistance, decomposition due to heat is unlikely to occur. Therefore, even when the temperature of the ND dispersion composition is raised during use or when the ND dispersion composition is used in a high temperature environment, the ND dispersion composition is excellent in dispersion stability in a high temperature environment and discoloration occurs. Hateful. Further, since the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is commercially available and easily available, it does not need to be produced through a complicated production process, and the production is excellent. Only one type of fatty acid ester-based dispersant may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the acid value of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is preferably 40 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 35 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 30 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 20 mgKOH / g or less, and particularly preferably 6 mgKOH / g. It is as follows. Further, the acid value may be, for example, 0.1 mgKOH / g or more, 0.3 mgKOH / g or more, and 0.5 mgKOH / g or more. When the acid value is 40 mgKOH / g or less (particularly 30 mgKOH / g or less), the dispersibility in an organic dispersion medium having a low SP value tends to be more excellent.
- the amine value of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is preferably 5 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 1 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 0.5 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, and particularly preferably. Is 0 mgKOH / g.
- the fatty acid ester-based dispersant preferably has an average molecular weight Mp of 300 or more, more preferably 1000 or more (for example, 1000 to 100,000), and further preferably 3000 or more (for example, 3000 to 10000).
- Mp average molecular weight
- the average molecular weight Mp is a standard polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the fatty acid ester-based dispersant preferably has a mass reduction rate (sometimes referred to as "200 ° C. 180-minute mass reduction rate") of 20% or less when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 180 minutes. More preferably, it is 15% or less.
- a mass reduction rate (sometimes referred to as "200 ° C. 180-minute mass reduction rate") of 20% or less when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 180 minutes. More preferably, it is 15% or less.
- the mass reduction rate can be measured by differential thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement (TG-DTA).
- the fatty acid ester-based dispersant may have an acidic functional group.
- the acidic functional group include carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and salts thereof.
- Examples of fatty acids constituting the fatty acid ester-based dispersant include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, and salts thereof.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid include aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, capric acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid, octyl acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, isononanoic acid and araquinic acid; Examples thereof include aromatic monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and p- (t-butylbutyl) benzoic acid.
- Examples of the sulfonic acid include naphthalene sulfonic acid.
- the fatty acid is preferably a higher fatty acid. That is, the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is preferably a higher fatty acid ester dispersant.
- the fatty acid only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- Examples of the compound constituting the ester component of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant include cyclic ester compounds such as propiolactone, valerolactone and caprolactone; a condensate of glycol and dibasic acid.
- the polyester in the fatty acid ester-based dispersant preferably has a molecular weight of about 300 to 9000, more preferably 400 to 6000.
- fatty acid ester-based dispersant Commercially available products can also be used as the fatty acid ester-based dispersant.
- fatty acid ester-based dispersants include the trade name "Ajispar PA111" and the trade name “Ajispar PN411” (all manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine-Techno Co., Ltd.).
- the ND dispersion composition may or may not contain zirconia.
- zirconia When zirconia is contained, the zirconia may be attached to the ND particles, or may be dispersed in the ND dispersion composition without being attached.
- the adhesion state of zirconia may be physical adhesion (fixation, adhesion, etc.) or chemical adhesion (covalent bond with ND particles or the above-mentioned surface modifying group, bond by intermolecular force, hydrogen bond, ionic bond, etc. ) Or both of these.
- the content ratio of zirconia in the ND dispersion composition is preferably less than 100 mass ppm, more preferably 20 mass ppm or less, still more preferably 2 mass ppm or less.
- the ND dispersion composition is excellent in the formability of the familiar surface when used as a lubricant (particularly the initial familiar lubricant), and is easily applied to the sliding member.
- a familiar surface can be formed.
- the mixing of zirconium into the familiar surface is suppressed, and even a thin film has an excellent wear suppressing effect and friction reducing effect.
- the lower limit of the content ratio of zirconia may be, for example, 0.02 mass ppm or 0.1 mass ppm.
- the content of zirconia in the ND dispersion composition may be 0.01 to 7.5% by mass, 0.1 to 6.0% by mass, 0.25 to 4.5% by mass, and so on. Alternatively, it may be 0.5 to 3.0% by mass.
- the content ratio of zirconia in the lubricant composition may be, for example, 0.1 to 3000 mass ppm, 0.2 to 1500 mass ppm, 0.5 to 750 mass ppm, or 1 to 150 mass ppm. It may be ppm. Since the ND dispersion composition is excellent in dispersibility of ND particles, it is also excellent in dispersibility in an organic dispersion medium (particularly a lubricating base) even in such a two-step content ratio. Therefore, for example, the content ratio of zirconia in the ND dispersion composition is set to 0.01 to 7.5% by mass during distribution and 0.1 to 3000% by mass during use, for example, during distribution and during use. Can be different from.
- the content ratio of zirconia can be determined based on the amount of Zr detected based on the dispersion liquid in which Zr is detected by high frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP emission spectroscopy) and the content ratio is known.
- Zirconia is often derived from zirconia beads contained in a bead mill used for crushing an adhered body of ND particles and nano-dispersing ND particles, and is often mixed in the ND dispersion composition. Therefore, by not performing bead milling using zirconia beads or by minimizing the time for performing the bead milling, an ND dispersion composition having a low zirconia content can be obtained.
- the ND dispersion composition can be preferably used as an additive that imparts the characteristics of fine ND particles to a resin or the like (for example, a heat or photocurable resin or a thermoplastic resin).
- a resin or the like for example, a heat or photocurable resin or a thermoplastic resin.
- the characteristics of the ND particles include mechanical strength, high refractive index, thermal conductivity, insulating property, antioxidant property, crystallization promoting action, dendrite suppressing action and the like.
- the composition obtained by adding the ND dispersion composition to the resin is, for example, a functional hybrid material, a thermal function (heat resistance, heat storage, thermoconductivity, heat insulation, etc.) material, photonics (organic EL element, LED, etc.).
- Liquid crystal display, optical disk, etc.) material bio / biocompatible material, coating material, film (hard coat film for touch panel and various displays, heat shield film, etc.) material, sheet material, screen (transmissive transparent screen, etc.) material, It can be preferably used as a filler (a filler for heat dissipation, a filler for improving mechanical properties, etc.), a heat-resistant plastic substrate (a substrate for a flexible display, etc.), a lithium ion battery, or the like.
- the ND dispersion composition can be preferably used as an anti-friction agent or a lubricant (initial familiar use, main lubrication use, etc.) applied to sliding parts of mechanical parts (for example, automobiles, aircraft, etc.).
- the above-mentioned lubricant for initial familiarity is used to form a low friction surface (familiar surface) in the initial stage of a machine having a sliding member.
- the initial familiar lubricant for example, the surface of the sliding member is smoothed and smoothed, or a modified surface is formed.
- the initial familiar lubricant is removed by cleaning or the like, and sliding is performed using the lubricant for main lubrication.
- the lubricant that performs this lubrication refers to a lubricant that is not normally removed during the operation of the sliding member (during the use of the machine) and continues to exist in the sliding portion.
- the initial familiar lubricant can be used as a lubricant for performing main lubrication by supplying the lubricant to the sliding portion as it is without removing it after forming the familiar surface or after removing it once.
- the ND dispersion composition can be produced, for example, by mixing ND particles, a fatty acid ester-based dispersant, and other components, if necessary, in the organic dispersion medium.
- a dispersion composition using surface-modified ND particles can be produced through a step (modification step) of reacting a compound to be surface-treated with ND particles in an organic dispersion medium.
- the solvent used in the modification step may be used as it is as the organic dispersion medium in the ND dispersion composition, or the solvent may be exchanged after the modification step.
- the reaction between the surface-modifying compound and the ND particles is carried out. It may be crushed or dispersed. As a result, the ND particle agglomerates can be crushed into primary particles, the surface of the ND primary particles can be modified, and the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles in the ND dispersion composition can be improved. Because it becomes.
- Modification / Dispersion Step a case where the above-mentioned modification step is carried out by reacting the compound to be surface-modified with the ND particles while crushing or dispersing the ND particles (modification / dispersion step) will be described. ..
- the mass ratio (former: latter) of the ND particles to be subjected to the reaction in the modification step and the compound to be surface-treated (particularly the silane compound) is, for example, 2: 1 to 1:20.
- the concentration of the ND particles in the organic dispersion medium at the time of surface treatment is, for example, 0.5 to 10% by mass, and the concentration of the compound is, for example, 5 to 40% by mass.
- the reaction time for surface treatment is, for example, 4 to 20 hours. Further, it is preferable that the above reaction is carried out while cooling the generated heat with ice water or the like.
- Examples of the method for crushing or dispersing ND particles include a method of treating with a high shear mixer, a high shear mixer, a homomixer, a ball mill, a bead mill, a high-pressure homogenizer, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a colloid mill, a jet mill and the like. .. Above all, it is preferable to perform ultrasonic treatment in the presence of crushed media (for example, zirconia beads).
- the diameter of the crushed media is, for example, 15 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 15 to 300 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the ND particles having a hydroxy group and / or a carboxy group on the surface are nano-dispersed in water, and the ND particles are reacted with the compound represented by the above formula (II) to form a hydroxy group in the ND particles.
- Surface-modified ND particles are obtained by dehydration condensation of and / or a carboxy group with —H in the compound represented by the above formula (II).
- the above reaction step is carried out in a state where the ND particles are nano-dispersed in water, that is, in the aqueous dispersion composition of the ND particles.
- the median diameter (D50) of the ND particles in the aqueous dispersion composition is preferably 1 to 100 nm, more preferably 1 to 50 nm, and even more preferably 1 to 10 nm.
- the median diameter is within the above range, the amount of hydroxy groups and / or carboxy groups on the surface of the ND particles is large, and the reaction with the compound represented by the above formula (II) proceeds more.
- the obtained surface-modified ND particles are excellent in dispersibility.
- the acid catalyst a known or commonly used acid catalyst used for esterification of carboxylic acid and alcohol, dehydration condensation reaction of alcohol and amine, dehydration condensation reaction of alcohol and thiol, etc. can be used.
- the acid catalyst include sulfonic acid group-containing compounds, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, anhydrous sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, trihaloacetic acid (trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, etc.), salts thereof (ammonium salt, etc.), and the like.
- examples include inorganic solid acid.
- the acid catalyst only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- the acid catalyst may be in the form of a homogeneous catalyst that can be dissolved in a solvent or a substrate during the reaction, or a heterogeneous catalyst that is not soluble during the reaction.
- a heterogeneous catalyst include a supported catalyst in which an acid component is supported on a carrier.
- sulfonic acid group-containing compound examples include aliphatic groups such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, dodecanesulfonic acid, hexadecanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and heptadecafluorooctanesulfonic acid.
- Sulfonic acid alicyclic sulfonic acid such as 10-campar sulfonic acid; benzene sulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene sulfonic acid, hexyl benzene sulfonic acid, octyl benzene sulfonic acid, decyl benzene sulfonic acid
- Aromatic sulfonic acids such as acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), octadecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, butyl-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid; sulfonic acid type ion exchange resin, 3- Examples thereof include [trioctylammonio] propan-1-sulfonic acid-trifluimide, 4- [trioct
- Examples of the inorganic solid acid include silica, silica-alumina, alumina, zeolites, activated clay, and montmorillonite.
- ammonium salt as the acid catalyst examples include a salt of ammonium ion represented by the following formula (B-1), a salt of ammonium ion represented by the following formula (B-2), and a salt of the following formula (B-3). ), Ammonium ion salt represented by the following formula (B-4), and the like.
- RI to R III represent groups containing a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, which are the same or different.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a linear or branched C 1-22 hydrocarbon group.
- the group containing the aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aromatic hydrocarbon group such as a phenyl group; a group in which a fatty hydrocarbon group such as 4-t-butylphenyl group and a mesityl group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group are bonded.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group such as a phenyl group
- a group in which a fatty hydrocarbon group such as 4-t-butylphenyl group and a mesityl group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group are bonded.
- a sulfonic acid ion is preferable, an aromatic sulfonic acid ion is more preferable, and p-dodecyl is particularly preferable. It is a benzenesulfonate ion.
- R i and R ii are the same or different, represent a group comprising a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a linear or branched C 1-4 hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the group containing an aromatic hydrocarbon group include an aromatic hydrocarbon group such as a phenyl group, a group in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group are bonded, and the like. Of these, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an isopropyl group, and a phenyl group are preferable.
- a sulfonic acid ion and a sulfate ion are preferable, and a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid ion, a 10-camphorsulfonic acid ion and a benzenesulfone are particularly preferable. Acid ion and sulfate ion.
- the acid anion serving as the counter anion of the ammonium ion represented by the above formulas (B-1) to (B-4) includes an oxygen atom forming an acid group and the above formulas (B-1) to (B-4).
- a complex salt may be formed by forming a hydrogen bond with a hydrogen atom on the nitrogen atom inside.
- one ammonium cation and one acid anion may form one salt, or two ammonium cations and two acid anions may form one salt.
- the number of each of the ammonium cation and the acid anion forming one salt is not particularly limited. Further, the acid anion may form a multimer in one salt.
- sulfuric acid that forms sulfate ions may form a structure represented by [H 2 SO 4 (SO 3 ) X ].
- Examples of the complex salt formed by the acid anion and the above formula (B-4) include a compound represented by the following formula (C).
- R i and R ii are the same as those in the above formula (B-4).
- a sulfonic acid group-containing compound and an ammonium salt of a sulfonic acid group-containing compound are preferable from the viewpoint of further promoting the reaction in the reaction step.
- the ratio (former: latter, mass ratio) of the ND particles to be subjected to the reaction to the compound represented by the above formula (II) is, for example, 1: 1 to 1:25.
- the concentration of ND particles in the aqueous dispersion composition is, for example, 1 to 10% by mass, and the concentration of the compound represented by the above formula (II) in the aqueous dispersion composition is, for example, 1 to 60% by mass. is there.
- reaction conditions of the ND particles and the compound represented by the above formula (II) can be appropriately selected from, for example, a temperature of 0 to 100 ° C., a reaction time of 1 to 48 hours, and a pressure of 1 to 5 atm.
- an aqueous dispersion composition of surface-modified ND containing a group represented by the above formula (I) can be obtained.
- the dispersion medium in the ND dispersion composition is obtained. May be replaced.
- a dispersant is added to and stirred in an ND dispersion composition having a relatively high dispersibility of ND particles, the organic dispersion medium in the ND dispersion composition is distilled off with an evaporator or the like, and then a new organic dispersion medium is mixed. Can be stirred.
- a method of exchanging the organic dispersion medium without converting the ND particles into dry powder is adopted, and the wettability between the organic dispersion media before and after the exchange is adopted.
- the ND particles can be easily nano-dispersed in the organic dispersion medium having relatively low dispersibility.
- the dispersant may be added and stirred at any stage before and after the replacement of the dispersion medium. When the dispersion medium is not exchanged, it may be added to the obtained ND dispersion composition and stirred.
- an ND dispersion composition in which ND particles are dispersed in an organic solvent can be obtained.
- the above ND particles can be produced by, for example, a detonation method.
- the detonation method include an air-cooled detonation method and a water-cooled detonation method.
- the air-cooled detonation method is preferable in that ND particles having smaller primary particles can be obtained than the water-cooled detonation method.
- the detonation may be carried out in an atmospheric atmosphere, or in an inert gas atmosphere such as a nitrogen atmosphere, an argon atmosphere, or a carbon dioxide atmosphere.
- ND particles are not limited to those obtained by the following production method.
- a molded explosive equipped with an electric detonator is installed inside a pressure-resistant container for detonation, and the container is sealed in a state where the atmospheric composition normal pressure gas and the explosive used coexist in the container. ..
- the container is made of iron, for example, and the volume of the container is, for example, 0.5 to 40 m 3 .
- As the explosive a mixture of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and cyclotrimethylene trinitroamine or hexogen (RDX) can be used.
- TNT / RDX The mass ratio of TNT to RDX (TNT / RDX) is, for example, in the range of 40/60 to 60/40.
- the electric detonator is then detonated and the explosive is detonated in the container.
- Detonation is an explosion that accompanies a chemical reaction in which the flame surface on which the reaction occurs moves at a high speed that exceeds the speed of sound.
- ND particles are generated by the action of the pressure and energy of the shock wave generated by the explosion, using the carbon released by the explosive used as a partial incomplete combustion as a raw material.
- the generated ND particles are assembled very strongly between adjacent primary particles or crystallites due to the Coulomb interaction between crystal planes in addition to the action of van der Waals force to form a cohesive body.
- the container and its inside are then cooled by allowing it to cool at room temperature for about 24 hours.
- the ND particle crude product (including the ND particle coagulant and soot produced as described above) adhering to the inner wall of the container is scraped off with a spatula to perform the ND particle coarse product. Collect the product.
- a crude product of ND particles can be obtained by the above method. Further, it is possible to obtain a desired amount of crude nanodiamond product by performing the nanodiamond production step as described above a required number of times.
- a strong acid is allowed to act on the raw material nanodiamond crude product, for example, in an aqueous solvent to remove the metal oxide.
- the nanodiamond crude product obtained by the detonation method tends to contain metal oxides, and these metal oxides are oxides such as Fe, Co, and Ni derived from containers used in the detonation method. ..
- metal oxides can be dissolved and removed from the crude nanodiamond product (acid treatment).
- the strong acid used for this acid treatment is preferably a mineral acid, and examples thereof include hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and aqua regia.
- the strong acid one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used.
- the concentration of the strong acid used in the acid treatment is, for example, 1 to 50% by mass.
- the acid treatment temperature is, for example, 70 to 150 ° C.
- the acid treatment time is, for example, 0.1 to 24 hours. Further, the acid treatment can be performed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or pressure. After such acid treatment, the solid content (including the nanodiamond adherent) is washed with water, for example, by decantation.
- the oxidation treatment step is a step of removing graphite from the crude ND particle product using an oxidizing agent.
- the crude ND particle product obtained by the detonation method contains graphite (graphite), which does not form ND particle crystals out of the carbon released by the explosive used due to partial incomplete combustion. Detonated from graphite.
- Graphite can be removed from the crude ND particle product by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the crude ND particle product in an aqueous solvent. Further, by allowing an oxidizing agent to act on the surface of the ND particles, an oxygen-containing group such as a carboxy group or a hydroxy group can be introduced.
- Examples of the oxidizing agent used in this oxidation treatment include chromic acid, chromic anhydride, dichromic acid, permanganic acid, perchloric acid, nitric acid, a mixture thereof, and at least one acid selected from these.
- Examples include mixed acids with other acids (such as sulfuric acid) and salts thereof.
- it is preferable to use a mixed acid particularly, a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and nitric acid because it is environmentally friendly and has an excellent action of oxidizing and removing graphite.
- the mixing ratio of sulfuric acid and nitric acid (former / latter; mass ratio) in the mixed acid is, for example, 60/40 to 95/5, even under pressure near normal pressure (for example, 0.5 to 2 atm).
- the lower limit is preferably 65/35, more preferably 70/30.
- the upper limit is preferably 90/10, more preferably 85/15, and even more preferably 80/20.
- the mixing ratio is 60/40 or more, the content of sulfuric acid having a high boiling point is high, so that the reaction temperature becomes, for example, 120 ° C. or more under pressure near normal pressure, and the graphite removal efficiency tends to improve. is there.
- the mixing ratio is 95/5 or less, the content of nitric acid that greatly contributes to the oxidation of graphite increases, so that the efficiency of removing graphite tends to improve.
- the amount of the oxidizing agent (particularly the mixed acid) used is, for example, 10 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 15 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 20 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the crude nanodiamond product.
- the amount of sulfuric acid used in the mixed acid is, for example, 5 to 48 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 35 parts by mass, and more preferably 15 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the crude nanodiamond product.
- the amount of nitric acid used in the mixed acid is, for example, 2 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 4 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the crude nanodiamond product.
- a catalyst may be used together with the mixed acid.
- the efficiency of removing graphite can be further improved.
- the catalyst include copper (II) carbonate and the like.
- the amount of the catalyst used is, for example, about 0.01 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the crude nanodiamond product.
- the oxidation treatment temperature is, for example, 100 to 200 ° C.
- the oxidation treatment time is, for example, 1 to 24 hours.
- the oxidation treatment can be performed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or pressure.
- Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment process If the metal oxide that could not be completely removed remains in the ND particles even after the above acid treatment step, the primary particles interact very strongly with each other to form an aggregate (secondary). It takes the form of particles). In such a case, alkali and hydrogen peroxide may be allowed to act on the ND particles in an aqueous solvent. As a result, the metal oxide remaining on the ND particles can be removed, and the separation of the primary particles from the adherent can be promoted. Examples of the alkali used in this treatment include sodium hydroxide, ammonia, potassium hydroxide and the like.
- the concentration of alkali is, for example, 0.1 to 10% by mass
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is, for example, 1 to 15% by mass
- the treatment temperature is, for example, 40 to 100 ° C.
- the treatment time is For example, 0.5 to 5 hours.
- the alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment can be performed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or pressure.
- the oxidation treatment step or the alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment step it is preferable to remove the supernatant by, for example, decantation. Further, at the time of decantation, it is preferable to wash the solid content with water. Although the supernatant liquid at the beginning of washing with water is colored, it is preferable to repeatedly wash the solid content with water until the supernatant liquid becomes visually transparent.
- the ND particles may be subjected to a crushing treatment, if necessary.
- a crushing treatment for example, a high shear mixer, a high shear mixer, a homomixer, a ball mill, a bead mill, a high-pressure homogenizer, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a colloid mill and the like can be used.
- the crushing treatment may be performed by a wet method (for example, a crushing process in a state of being suspended in water or the like) or by a dry method. When the dry method is used, it is preferable to provide a drying step before the crushing process.
- drying process It is preferable to provide a drying step after the alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment step. For example, after evaporating the liquid content from the ND particle-containing solution obtained through the above alkaline superwater treatment step using a spray dryer or an evaporator, the residual solid content generated thereby is heated in a drying oven. Dry by drying. The heating and drying temperature is, for example, 40 to 150 ° C. By undergoing such a drying step, ND particles can be obtained.
- the ND particles may be subjected to an oxidation treatment (for example, oxygen oxidation) or a reduction treatment (for example, hydrogenation treatment) in the gas phase, if necessary.
- an oxidation treatment for example, oxygen oxidation
- a reduction treatment for example, hydrogenation treatment
- ND particles having many CH groups on the surface can be obtained.
- Manufacturing example 1 (Preparation of silane compound surface-modified ND particles) First, the process of producing nanodiamonds by the detonation method was performed. In this step, first, a molded explosive equipped with an electric detonator was installed inside a pressure-resistant container for detonation, and the container was sealed. The container is made of iron and the volume of the container is 15 m 3 . As the explosive, 0.50 kg of a mixture of TNT and RDX was used. The mass ratio of TNT to RDX (TNT / RDX) in this explosive is 50/50. Next, the electric detonator was detonated and the explosive was detonated in the container (generation of nanodiamonds by the detonation method).
- the temperature of the container and its inside was lowered by leaving it at room temperature for 24 hours. After this cooling, the crude nanodiamond products adhering to the inner wall of the container (including the adherents of nanodiamond particles and soot produced by the above-mentioned detonation method) are scraped off with a spatula, and the nanodiamonds are removed. The crude product was recovered.
- an acid treatment step was performed on the nanodiamond crude product obtained by performing the above-mentioned production step a plurality of times. Specifically, the slurry obtained by adding 6 L of 10% by mass hydrochloric acid to 200 g of the crude nanodiamond product was heat-treated for 1 hour under reflux under normal pressure conditions. The heating temperature in this acid treatment is 85 to 100 ° C. Next, after cooling, the solid content (including nanodiamond adherents and soot) was washed with water by decantation. Water washing of the solid content by decantation was repeated until the pH of the precipitate was from the low pH side to 2.
- an oxidation treatment step was performed. Specifically, 6 L of 98% by mass sulfuric acid and 1 L of 69% by mass nitric acid were added to a precipitate (including nanodiamond adherents) obtained through decantation after acid treatment to form a slurry, which was then added to form a slurry. This slurry was heat-treated for 48 hours under reflux under normal pressure conditions. The heating temperature in this oxidation treatment is 140 to 160 ° C. Next, after cooling, the solid content (including the nanodiamond adherent) was washed with water by decantation. The supernatant liquid at the beginning of washing with water was colored, and the solid content was repeatedly washed with water by decantation until the supernatant liquid became visually transparent.
- 0.3 g of nanodiamond particles obtained in the above drying step was weighed into a reaction vessel, 13.5 g of MIBK and 1.2 g of hexyltrimethoxysilane as a silane compound were added, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes.
- zirconia beads manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, registered trademark "YTZ", diameter 30 ⁇ m
- YTZ diameter 30 ⁇ m
- an ultrasonic disperser model “UP-400s”, manufactured by Heelser
- the ND particles were reacted with the silane compound by sonication. At first, it was gray, but the particle size gradually decreased and the dispersed state improved, and finally it became a uniform and black liquid.
- MIBK dispersion a silane compound surface-modified ND dispersion
- Manufacturing example 2 (Preparation of oleylamino group surface-modified ND particles)
- the crude nanodiamond product obtained by the detonation method in the same manner as in Production Example 1 is subjected to an acid treatment step and an oxidation treatment step in the same manner as in Production Example 1, and then decanted to obtain a solid content (nanodiamond coagulation).
- a solid content (nanodiamond coagulation)
- the supernatant liquid at the beginning of washing with water was colored, and the solid content was repeatedly washed with water by decantation until the supernatant liquid became visually transparent. Then, it was dried to obtain an ND adherent as a powder.
- a gas having about 8% by volume of oxygen and about 92% by volume of nitrogen was heated at 400 ° C. for 6 hours in a rotary kiln blown at a flow rate of 20 L / min.
- a bead milling device (trade name "parallel four-cylinder sand grinder LSG-4U-2L type", IMEX). Bead milling was performed using (manufactured by Co., Ltd.). Specifically, 30 ml of the slurry after ultrasonic irradiation and zirconia beads having a diameter of 30 ⁇ m are put into a 100 ml mill container, Vessel (manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.) and sealed, and the device is driven to perform bead milling. Executed. In this bead milling, the input amount of zirconia beads is, for example, 33% by volume with respect to the volume of the mill container, the rotation speed of the mill container is 2570 rpm, and the milling time is 3 hours.
- the slurry that had undergone the above-mentioned crushing step was centrifuged using a centrifuge device (classification operation).
- the centrifugal force in this centrifugation treatment was 20000 ⁇ g, and the centrifugation time was 30 minutes.
- 10 ml of the supernatant of the ND-containing solution that had undergone the centrifugation treatment was collected.
- the solid content concentration of this ND aqueous dispersion was 6.0% by mass, and the pH was 9.0.
- the median diameter (particle size D50) of the ND aqueous dispersion obtained as described above was 6.0 nm.
- Manufacturing example 4 (Preparation of oleate group surface modified ND particles)
- 0.5 mmol of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and 2 mmol of oleic acid were added as acid catalysts to 1 g of the ND aqueous dispersion obtained through the crushing step, and the mixture was stirred at 100 ° C. for 24 hours. It was reacted. After completion of the reaction, 10 mL of toluene was added and the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then washed with water and saturated brine to obtain a toluene dispersion composition of surface ND particles modified with an oleate group.
- Examples 1 to 4 (Preparation of ND dispersion composition) After adding 0.2 g of a dispersant to 10 g of the surface-modified ND dispersion liquid obtained in Production Example 1 and stirring the mixture, MIBK was distilled off by a rotary evaporator, and a dispersion medium was added to bring the total weight to 10 g. In this way, an ND dispersion composition was prepared.
- the nanodiamond concentration of the ND dispersion composition was 2% by mass. The nanodiamond concentration was determined from the absorbance at 350 nm.
- the dispersants and dispersion media used in Examples 1 to 4 are as follows.
- Example 1 Dispersant: Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 35 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp5200, mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes 17.8%)
- Dispersion medium POE
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 35 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp5200, mass loss rate at 200 ° C.
- Dispersion medium Hexane
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes 12.1%)
- Dispersion medium POE
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes 12.1%)
- dispersion medium hexane
- Examples 5-10 Preparation of ND dispersion composition
- ND dispersion composition To 3 g of the various surface-modified ND dispersions obtained in Production Examples 2 to 4 above, 0.06 g of a dispersant was added and stirred, then toluene was distilled off with a rotary evaporator, and a dispersion medium was added to bring the total weight to 3 g. did. In this way, an ND dispersion composition was prepared.
- the nanodiamond concentration of the ND dispersion composition was 2% by mass. The nanodiamond concentration was determined from the absorbance at 350 nm.
- the surface-modified ND, dispersant, and dispersion medium used in Examples 5 to 10 are as follows.
- Example 5 Surface-modified ND: Oleyl amino group surface-modified ND obtained in Production Example 2
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes 12.1%)
- Dispersion medium POE
- Surface-modified ND Oleyl amino group surface-modified ND obtained in Production Example 2
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C.
- Dispersion medium Hexane
- Surface-modified ND Oleyloxy group surface-modified ND obtained in Production
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C.
- Dispersion medium POE
- Surface-modified ND Oleyloxy group surface-modified ND obtained in Production
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C.
- Dispersion medium Hexane
- Example 9 Surface-modified ND: Olate group surface-modified ND obtained in Production Example 4
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes 12.1%)
- Example 10 Surface-modified ND: Olate group surface-modified ND obtained in Production Example 4
- Dispersant Higher fatty acid ester dispersant (acid value 0.5 mgKOH / g, amine value 0 mgKOH / g, average molecular weight Mp8100, mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes 12.1%)
- Dispersion medium Hexane
- Comparative Examples 1 to 5 An ND dispersion composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following were used as the dispersant and the dispersion medium. No dispersant was used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Dispersion medium POE Comparative Example 4 Dispersant: Trade name "SN Sparse 70" (manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd., unsaturated hydrocarbon / saturated fatty acid-based dispersant, mass loss rate at 200 ° C for 180 minutes: 32.3%) Dispersion medium: POE Comparative Example 5 Dispersant: Trade name "SN Sparse 70” (manufactured by San Nopco Co., Ltd., unsaturated hydrocarbon /
- Haze value The ND dispersion compositions obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were measured using a haze measuring device (trade name “Haze Meter 300A”, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.). Each sample solution subjected to the measurement has undergone ultrasonic cleaning for 10 minutes with an ultrasonic cleaner. The thickness (inner dimension) of the measuring glass cell filled with the sample solution and used for the measurement is 1 mm, and the optical path length in the sample related to the measurement is 1 mm. In addition, "-" in the table indicates that the measurement was not performed.
- Viscosity The ND dispersion compositions obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were measured using an EMS viscometer (trade name "EMS1000", manufactured by Kyoto Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.). A sample of 500 ⁇ L and a ⁇ 2 mm aluminum ball were placed in a test tube and measured at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotation speed of 1000 rpm.
- EMS1000 manufactured by Kyoto Denshi Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Mass reduction rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes For the dispersants used in Examples and Comparative Examples, a differential thermogravimetric simultaneous measuring device (trade name “TG-DTA 6200”, manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation) was used. The mass loss rate at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes was measured under the following conditions. Atmosphere: Air Temperature: From 30 ° C, raise the temperature to 200 ° C at a heating rate of 20 ° C / min, and hold for 180 minutes after reaching 200 ° C. Sample pan: Quartz
- the ND dispersion composition (Example) using the fatty acid ester-based dispersant had excellent dispersibility in hexane or POE having a low SP value.
- the dispersant was not used (Comparative Examples 1 and 2), and the polyether-based dispersant (Comparative Example 3) and the unsaturated hydrocarbon / saturated fatty acid-based dispersant (Comparative Examples 4 and 5) were SPs. Dispersibility was poor in low-value hexane and POE.
- Example 3 40 g of the ND dispersion composition obtained in Example 3 was put into an air-filled three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred at a heating temperature of 230 ° C. (liquid temperature 190 to 200 ° C.) for 17 hours.
- a heating temperature 230 ° C. (liquid temperature 190 to 200 ° C.) for 17 hours.
- the acid value was 0.43 mgKOH / g, and no discoloration could be confirmed.
- Comparative Example 2 in which no dispersant was used, the acid value was 0.42 mgKOH / g and no discoloration could be confirmed.
- Example 3 the ND dispersion composition obtained in Example 3 is evaluated to have the same degree of heat resistance as when no dispersant is used.
- Example 4 to 10 the same dispersant as in Example 3 is used, and the mass reduction rate of the dispersant used in Examples 1 and 2 at 200 ° C. for 180 minutes is the dispersant used in Example 3. It is presumed that Examples 1, 2 and 4 to 10 also have the same degree of heat resistance as that of Example 3.
- [Appendix 1] A nanodiamond dispersion composition containing an organic dispersion medium, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the organic dispersion medium, and a fatty acid ester-based dispersant.
- Appendix 2 The nanodiamond dispersion according to Appendix 1, wherein the mass reduction rate of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 180 minutes is 20% or less (preferably 15% or less). Composition.
- the acid value of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is 40 mgKOH / g or less (preferably 35 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 30 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 20 mgKOH / g or less, particularly preferably 6 mgKOH / g or less).
- the average dispersed particle size of the nanodiamond particles is 2 to 240 nm (preferably 4 to 200 nm, more preferably 10 to 180 nm, still more preferably 20 to 150 nm, particularly preferably 25 to 80 nm). 4.
- Appendix 8 The nanodiamond according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 7, which has a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 0.2 to 120 mPa ⁇ s (preferably 10 to 100 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 20 to 90 mPa ⁇ s). Dispersion composition.
- the average molecular weight Mp of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is 300 or more (preferably 1000 or more (for example, 1000 to 100,000), more preferably 3000 or more (for example, 3000 to 10000)).
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition according to any one.
- the amine value of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is 5 mgKOH / g or less (preferably 1 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH / g or less, still more preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, particularly preferably 0 mgKOH.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 9.
- the content of the nanodiamond particles is 0.01 to 5.0% by mass (preferably 0.1 to 4.0% by mass, more preferably 0.25 to 3.0% by mass, still more preferably 0. .5 to 2.0% by mass)
- the content of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is 10 to 10000 parts by mass (preferably 50 to 1000 parts by mass, more) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of nanodiamond particles in the nanodiamond dispersion composition.
- the content of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is 1000 to 10000 parts by mass (preferably 2000 to 100,000 parts by mass, more) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of nanodiamond particles in the nanodiamond dispersion composition.
- the content ratio of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant is 90% by mass or more (preferably 95% by mass or more, more preferably 99% by mass or more) with respect to the total amount of the dispersant in the nanodiamond dispersion composition.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition according to any one of Supplementary note 1 to 13.
- the total content of the nanodiamond particles, the fatty acid ester-based dispersant, and the organic dispersion medium is 70% by mass or more (preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more) with respect to the total amount of the nanodiamond dispersion composition. Is 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more, particularly preferably 99% by mass or more), according to any one of Supplementary note 1 to 14.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition is 90% by mass or more (preferably 95% by mass or more, particularly preferably 99% by mass or more) with respect to any one of Supplementary note 1 to 14.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 15, wherein the nanodiamond particles include a compound containing an organic group or surface-modified nanodiamond particles surface-modified with a functional group.
- the organic group has 4 or more carbon atoms (for example, 4 to 25) (preferably 6 or more (for example, 6 to 22), more preferably 8 or more carbon atoms (for example, 8 to 20)).
- nanodiamond dispersion according to any one of Supplementary note 1 to 17, wherein the nanodiamond particles include surface-modified nanodiamonds in which the group represented by the following formula (I) modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- R represents a monovalent organic group, and the atom bonded to X is a carbon atom.
- the monovalent organic group is a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a group in which a monovalent substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group is bonded to an alkoxy group, a monovalent substituted or no substituent.
- the nanodiamond dispersion composition according to any one of the hydrocarbon groups (preferably linear or branched hydrocarbon groups having 8 to 20 carbon atoms) and Appendix 18 to 21.
- X is -NH-, and R is a monovalent organic group containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms, according to any one of Supplementary notes 18 to 22. Nanodiamond dispersion composition.
- X is -NH-
- R is a monovalent organic group containing a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more consecutive carbon atoms in a linear manner, Appendix 18 to 23.
- R is the nanodiamond dispersion composition according to any one of Supplementary notes 18 to 24, which contains a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more consecutive carbon atoms in a linear manner.
- the molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is 4.5 or more (preferably 5 or more). , More preferably 5.5 or more).
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Abstract
Description
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンド粒子に結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
上記ND粒子は、特に限定されず、公知乃至慣用のナノダイヤモンド粒子を用いることができる。上記ND粒子は、表面修飾されたND(表面修飾ND)粒子であっていてもよいし、表面修飾されていないND粒子であってもよい。なお、表面修飾されていないND粒子は、表面にヒドロキシ基(-OH)やカルボキシ基(-COOH)を有する。ND粒子は、一種のみを用いてもよいし二種以上を用いてもよい。
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンド粒子に結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
上記有機分散媒としては、公知乃至慣用の有機溶媒を用いることができる。中でも、より低SP値の有機分散媒に対するND粒子の分散性に優れる観点から、SP値[ヒルデブラントによる溶解性パラメーター(δ)、25℃における、単位:(cal/cm3)1/2]が6.0~12.0であることが好ましく、より好ましくは6.0以上11.0未満である。特に、上記ND分散組成物は、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤を配合することでND粒子の分散性が低い有機溶媒を用いた場合であってもND粒子の分散性が優れることから、上記SP値が、好ましくは8.2以下(例えば6.0~8.2)または9.0以上(例えば9.0~12.0)、より好ましくは8.0以下(例えば6.5~8.0)または9.2以上(例えば9.2~12.0、好ましくは9.2以上11.0未満)である有機分散媒であることが好ましい。上記有機分散媒は、一種のみを用いてもよいし、二種以上を用いてもよい。なお、二種以上の有機分散媒を用いる場合、二種以上の有機分散媒の混合物のSP値が上記範囲であることが好ましく、それぞれの有機分散媒のSP値は上記の範囲外であってもよい。
上記ND分散組成物は、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤を用いることで、有機分散媒中のND粒子の分散性が特に優れる。また、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤は耐熱性が高いため、熱による分解が起こりにくい。このため、上記ND分散組成物が使用中に昇温した場合や、高温環境下で使用された場合にも、上記ND分散組成物は高温環境下における分散安定性にも優れ、また変色も起こりにくい。さらに、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤は市販されており入手も容易であるため、煩雑な製造工程を経て製造する必要はなく、製造容易性に優れる。脂肪酸エステル系分散剤は、一種のみを用いてもよいし、二種以上を用いてもよい。
上記ND分散組成物は、例えば、上記有機分散媒中にND粒子および脂肪酸エステル系分散剤、さらに必要に応じてその他の成分を混合することで製造することができる。例えば、表面修飾ND粒子を用いた分散組成物は、有機分散媒中において、表面処理を施す化合物をND粒子に反応させる工程(修飾化工程)を経て製造することができる。この場合、修飾化工程に用いた溶媒をそのままND分散組成物における有機分散媒としてもよいし、修飾化工程の後に溶媒交換を行ってもよい。
まず、上記修飾化工程を、表面修飾を施す化合物とND粒子との反応を、ND粒子を解砕若しくは分散化しつつ行う場合(修飾・分散化工程)について説明する。修飾化工程における反応に供するND粒子と表面処理を施す化合物(特に、シラン化合物)との質量比(前者:後者)は、例えば2:1~1:20である。また、表面処理を施す際の上記有機分散媒中のND粒子の濃度は、例えば0.5~10質量%であり、上記化合物の濃度は、例えば5~40質量%である。
上記式(I)で表される基を含む表面修飾NDを作製する修飾化工程は、ND分散組成物中へのジルコニアの混入を最小限とするために、ND粒子の解砕若しくは分散化とは別途行うことができる。上記表面修飾NDは、表面にヒドロキシ基またはカルボキシ基を有すND粒子が水にナノ分散した状態で、酸触媒の存在下、ND粒子と下記式(II)で表される化合物とを反応させて表面修飾ND粒子を得る工程(「反応工程」と称する場合がある)を有する製造方法により製造することができる。
R-X-H (II)
[式(II)中、XおよびRは、それぞれ、上記式(I)中におけるRおよびXに相当する。]
成形された爆薬に電気雷管が装着されたものを爆轟用の耐圧性容器の内部に設置し、容器内において大気組成の常圧の気体と使用爆薬とが共存する状態で、容器を密閉する。容器は例えば鉄製で、容器の容積は例えば0.5~40m3である。爆薬としては、トリニトロトルエン(TNT)とシクロトリメチレントリニトロアミンすなわちヘキソーゲン(RDX)との混合物を使用することができる。TNTとRDXの質量比(TNT/RDX)は、例えば40/60~60/40の範囲である。
酸処理工程では、原料であるナノダイヤモンド粗生成物に例えば水溶媒中で強酸を作用させて金属酸化物を除去する。爆轟法で得られるナノダイヤモンド粗生成物には金属酸化物が含まれやすく、この金属酸化物は、爆轟法に使用される容器などに由来するFe、Co、Niなどの酸化物である。例えば水溶媒中で強酸を作用させることにより、ナノダイヤモンド粗生成物から金属酸化物を溶解・除去することができる(酸処理)。この酸処理に用いられる強酸としては、鉱酸が好ましく、例えば、塩酸、フッ化水素酸、硫酸、硝酸、王水が挙げられる。上記強酸は、一種を用いてもよいし、二種以上を用いてもよい。酸処理で使用される強酸の濃度は例えば1~50質量%である。酸処理温度は例えば70~150℃である。酸処理時間は例えば0.1~24時間である。また、酸処理は、減圧下、常圧下、または加圧下で行うことが可能である。このような酸処理の後、例えばデカンテーションにより、固形分(ナノダイヤモンド凝着体を含む)の水洗を行う。沈殿液のpHが例えば2~3に至るまで、デカンテーションによる当該固形分の水洗を反復して行うのが好ましい。爆轟法で得られるナノダイヤモンド粗生成物における金属酸化物の含有量が少ない場合には、以上のような酸処理を省略してもよい。
酸化処理工程は、酸化剤を用いてND粒子粗生成物からグラファイトを除去する工程である。爆轟法で得られるND粒子粗生成物にはグラファイト(黒鉛)が含まれるが、このグラファイトは、使用爆薬が部分的に不完全燃焼を起こして遊離した炭素のうちND粒子結晶を形成しなかった炭素に由来する。ND粒子粗生成物に、水溶媒中で酸化剤を作用させることにより、ND粒子粗生成物からグラファイトを除去することができる。また、酸化剤を作用させることにより、ND粒子表面にカルボキシ基やヒドロキシ基などの酸素含有基を導入することができる。
上記酸処理工程を経た後であっても、ND粒子に除去しきれなかった金属酸化物が残存する場合は、一次粒子間が非常に強く相互作用して集成している凝着体(二次粒子)の形態をとる。このような場合には、ND粒子に対して水溶媒中でアルカリおよび過酸化水素を作用させてもよい。これにより、ND粒子に残存する金属酸化物を除去することができ、凝着体から一次粒子の分離を促進することができる。この処理に用いられるアルカリとしては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム、アンモニア、水酸化カリウムなどが挙げられる。アルカリ過水処理において、アルカリの濃度は例えば0.1~10質量%であり、過酸化水素の濃度は例えば1~15質量%であり、処理温度は例えば40~100℃であり、処理時間は例えば0.5~5時間である。また、アルカリ過水処理は、減圧下、常圧下、または加圧下で行うことが可能である。
ND粒子には、必要に応じて、解砕処理を施してもよい。解砕処理には、例えば、高剪断ミキサー、ハイシアーミキサー、ホモミキサー、ボールミル、ビーズミル、高圧ホモジナイザー、超音波ホモジナイザー、コロイドミルなどを使用することができる。なお、解砕処理は湿式(例えば、水などに懸濁した状態での解砕処理)で行ってもよいし、乾式で行ってもよい。乾式で行う場合は、解砕処理前に乾燥工程を設けることが好ましい。
上記アルカリ過水処理工程の後、乾燥工程を設けることが好ましい。例えば、上記アルカリ過水処理工程を経て得られたND粒子含有溶液から噴霧乾燥装置やエバポレーターなどを使用して液分を蒸発させた後、これによって生じる残留固形分を乾燥用オーブン内での加熱乾燥によって乾燥させる。加熱乾燥温度は、例えば40~150℃である。このような乾燥工程を経ることにより、ND粒子が得られる。
(シラン化合物表面修飾ND粒子の作製)
まず、爆轟法によるナノダイヤモンドの生成工程を行った。本工程では、まず、成形された爆薬に電気雷管が装着されたものを爆轟用の耐圧性容器の内部に設置して容器を密閉した。容器は鉄製で、容器の容積は15m3である。爆薬としては、TNTとRDXとの混合物0.50kgを使用した。この爆薬におけるTNTとRDXの質量比(TNT/RDX)は、50/50である。次に、電気雷管を起爆させ、容器内で爆薬を爆轟させた(爆轟法によるナノダイヤモンドの生成)。次に、室温での24時間の放置により、容器およびその内部を降温させた。この放冷の後、容器の内壁に付着しているナノダイヤモンド粗生成物(上記爆轟法で生成したナノダイヤモンド粒子の凝着体と煤を含む)をヘラで掻き取る作業を行い、ナノダイヤモンド粗生成物を回収した。
(オレイルアミノ基表面修飾ND粒子の作製)
製造例1と同様にして爆轟法により得られたナノダイヤモンド粗生成物について、製造例1と同様にして酸処理工程および酸化処理工程を行った後、デカンテーションにより、固形分(ナノダイヤモンド凝着体を含む)の水洗を行った。水洗当初の上澄み液は着色しているところ、上澄み液が目視で透明になるまで、デカンテーションによる当該固形分の水洗を反復して行った。その後、乾燥してND凝着体を粉体として得た。さらに、酸素約8体積%、窒素約92体積%の気体を流速20L/minで吹き込んだロータリーキルン中にて400℃、6時間加熱した。
(オレイルオキシ基表面修飾ND粒子の作製)
製造例2と同様にして、解砕工程を経て得られたND水分散液1gに、酸触媒としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸0.5mmol、オレイルアルコール2mmolを添加し、撹拌しつつ、80℃で24時間反応させた。反応終了後、トルエン10mLを添加し室温まで冷却した後、水及び飽和食塩水による洗浄を行い、オレイルオキシ基で表面修飾されたND粒子のトルエン分散組成物を得た。
(オレート基表面修飾ND粒子の作製)
製造例2と同様にして、解砕工程を経て得られたND水分散液1gに、酸触媒としてドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸0.5mmol、オレイン酸2mmolを添加し、撹拌しつつ、100℃で24時間反応させた。反応終了後、トルエン10mLを添加し室温まで冷却した後、水及び飽和食塩水による洗浄を行い、オレート基で修飾された表面ND粒子のトルエン分散組成物を得た。
(ND分散組成物の作製)
上記製造例1で得られた表面修飾ND分散液10gに、分散剤0.2gを加えて撹拌した後、ロータリーエバポレーターによりMIBKを留去し、分散媒を加えて総重量を10gとした。このようにして、ND分散組成物を作製した。なお、ND分散組成物のナノダイヤモンド濃度は2質量%であった。ナノダイヤモンド濃度は、350nmにおける吸光度より求めた。実施例1~4で用いた分散剤および分散媒は下記の通りである。
実施例1
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価35mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp5200、200℃180分質量減少率17.8%)
分散媒:POE
実施例2
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価35mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp5200、200℃180分質量減少率17.8%)
分散媒:ヘキサン
実施例3
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:POE
実施例4
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)、分散媒:ヘキサン
(ND分散組成物の作製)
上記製造例2~4で得られた各種表面修飾ND分散液3gに、分散剤0.06gを加えて撹拌した後、ロータリーエバポレーターによりトルエンを留去し、分散媒を加えて総重量を3gとした。このようにして、ND分散組成物を作製した。なお、ND分散組成物のナノダイヤモンド濃度は2質量%であった。ナノダイヤモンド濃度は、350nmにおける吸光度より求めた。実施例5~10で用いた表面修飾ND、分散剤、および分散媒は下記の通りである。
実施例5
表面修飾ND:製造例2で得られたオレイルアミノ基表面修飾ND
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:POE
実施例6
表面修飾ND:製造例2で得られたオレイルアミノ基表面修飾ND
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:ヘキサン
実施例7
表面修飾ND:製造例3で得られたオレイルオキシ基表面修飾ND
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:POE
実施例8
表面修飾ND:製造例3で得られたオレイルオキシ基表面修飾ND
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:ヘキサン
実施例9
表面修飾ND:製造例4で得られたオレート基表面修飾ND
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:POE
実施例10
表面修飾ND:製造例4で得られたオレート基表面修飾ND
分散剤:高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤(酸価0.5mgKOH/g、アミン価0mgKOH/g、平均分子量Mp8100、200℃180分質量減少率12.1%)
分散媒:ヘキサン
分散剤および分散媒として下記のものを使用したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてND分散組成物を作製した。なお、比較例1および2では分散剤を使用しなかった。
比較例1
分散媒:ヘキサン
比較例2
分散媒:POE
比較例3
分散剤:商品名「SOLSPERSE 20000」(ルーブリゾール社製、ポリエーテル系分散剤、200℃180分質量減少率:49.2%)
分散媒:POE
比較例4
分散剤:商品名「SNスパース 70」(サンノプコ株式会社製、不飽和炭化水素・飽和脂肪酸系分散剤、200℃180分質量減少率:32.3%)
分散媒:POE
比較例5
分散剤:商品名「SNスパース 70」(サンノプコ株式会社製、不飽和炭化水素・飽和脂肪酸系分散剤、200℃180分質量減少率:32.3%)
分散媒:ヘキサン
実施例および比較例で得られた各ND分散組成物および使用した分散剤について以下の通り評価した。評価結果は表に記載した。
実施例および比較例で得られたND分散組成物について、ヘイズ測定装置(商品名「ヘーズメーター 300A」、日本電色工業株式会社製)を使用して測定した。測定に供された各試料液は、超音波洗浄機による10分間の超音波洗浄を経たものである。試料液が充填されて測定に使用された測定用ガラスセルの厚さ(内寸)は1mmであって、測定に係る試料内光路長は1mmである。なお、表中の「-」は、測定を行わなかったことを示す。
実施例および比較例で得られたND分散組成物を、分散媒を加えて0.1質量%に希釈し、ND粒子の粒度分布を、Malvern社製の装置(商品名「ゼータサイザー ナノZS」)を使用して、動的光散乱法(非接触後方散乱法)により測定した。
実施例および比較例で得られたND分散組成物を、分散媒を加えて0.1質量%に希釈し、下記の評価基準に基づいて目視で分散性の評価を行った。
○:透明であり凝集が見られない。
△:少し濁っているが凝集は確認できなかった。
×:濁っており、明らかな凝集が確認できた。
実施例および比較例で得られたND分散組成物について、EMS粘度計(商品名「EMS1000」、京都電子工業株式会社製)を使用して測定した。試験管にサンプル500μLとφ2mmアルミボールを入れ、温度25℃、回転数1000rpmとして測定した。
実施例および比較例で使用した分散剤について、示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(商品名「TG-DTA 6200」、株式会社日立ハイテクサイエンス製)を用いて、下記の条件で200℃180分の質量減少率を測定した。
雰囲気:空気
温度:30℃より、昇温速度20℃/minで200℃まで昇温し、200℃到達後180分間保持
サンプルパン:石英
[付記1]有機分散媒と、前記有機分散媒中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子と、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤と、を含むナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記2]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の、温度200℃の空気雰囲気下で180分間維持したときの質量減少率が20%以下(好ましくは15%以下)である付記1に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記3]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の酸価が40mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは35mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは30mgKOH/g以下、さらに好ましくは20mgKOH/g以下、特に好ましくは6mgKOH/g以下)である付記1または2に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記4]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の酸価が0.1mgKOH/g以上(好ましくは0.3mgKOH/g以上、より好ましくは0.5mgKOH/g以上)である付記1~3のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記5]前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子の平均分散粒子径が2~240nm(好ましくは4~200nm、より好ましくは10~180nm、さらに好ましくは20~150nm、特に好ましくは25~80nm)である付記1~4のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記6]ヘイズ値が5以下(好ましくは3以下、より好ましくは1以下、さらに好ましくは0.5以下)である付記1~5のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記7]前記有機分散媒のSP値が6.0~12.0(cal/cm3)1/2(好ましくは6.0以上11.0未満)である付記1~6のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記8]25℃における粘度が0.2~120mPa・s(好ましくは10~100mPa・s、より好ましくは20~90mPa・s)である付記1~7のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記9]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の平均分子量Mpが300以上(好ましくは1000以上(例えば、1000~100000)、より好ましくは3000以上(例えば、3000~10000))である付記1~8のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記10]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤のアミン価が5mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは1mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは0.5mgKOH/g以下、さらに好ましくは0.1mgKOH/g以下、特に好ましくは0mgKOH/g)である付記1~9のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記11]ナノダイヤモンド粒子の含有割合が0.01~5.0質量%(好ましくは0.1~4.0質量%、より好ましくは0.25~3.0質量%、さらに好ましくは0.5~2.0質量%)である付記1~10のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記12]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の含有量が、前記ナノダイヤモンド分散組成物中のナノダイヤモンド粒子の総量100質量部に対して、10~10000質量部(好ましくは50~1000質量部、より好ましくは70~300質量部)である、付記1~11のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記13]前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の含有量が、前記ナノダイヤモンド分散組成物中のナノダイヤモンド粒子の総量100質量部に対して、1000~1000000質量部(好ましくは2000~100000質量部、より好ましくは3000~50000質量部)である、付記1~12のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記14]脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の含有割合は、前記ナノダイヤモンド分散組成物中の分散剤の総量に対して、90質量%以上(好ましくは95質量%以上、より好ましくは99質量%以上)である、付記1~13のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記15]ナノダイヤモンド粒子、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤、および有機分散媒の合計の含有割合は、前記ナノダイヤモンド分散組成物総量に対して、70質量%以上(好ましくは80質量%以上、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは95質量%以上、特に好ましくは99質量%以上)である、付記1~14のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記17]前記有機基は、炭素原子数が4以上(例えば4~25)(好ましくは6以上(例えば6~22)、より好ましくは炭素数8以上(例えば8~20))の有機基である、付記16に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記18]前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子が、下記式(I)で表される基がナノダイヤモンド粒子表面を修飾した表面修飾ナノダイヤモンドを含む、付記1~17のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンド粒子に結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
[付記19]前記一価の有機基が、一価の置換または無置換の炭化水素基、一価の置換または無置換の炭化水素基とアルコキシ基とが結合した基、一価の置換または無置換の炭化水素基とジアルキルアミノ基とが結合した基である、付記18に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記20]前記一価の有機基中の炭素原子数が4~25(好ましくは6~22、より好ましくは8~20)である、付記18または19に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記21]前記式(I)中、Xは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、または-C(=O)-O-(好ましくは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、または-O-C(=O)-)を示す、付記18~20のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記22]前記式(I)中、Xが-O-、-O-C(=O)-、または-C(=O)-O-であり、Rが、一価の置換または無置換の炭化水素基(好ましくは炭素数8~20の直鎖状または分岐鎖状炭化水素基である)、付記18~21のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記23]前記式(I)中、Xが-NH-であり、Rが、8~20個の炭素原子を含む一価の有機基である、付記18~22のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記24]前記式(I)中、Xが-NH-であり、Rが、直鎖状に炭素原子が4以上連続した炭化水素基を含む一価の有機基である、付記18~23のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記25]前記式(I)中、Rは、直鎖状に炭素原子が4以上連続した炭化水素基を含む、付記18~24のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
[付記26]前記式(I)中、窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、およびケイ素原子からなる群より選択されるヘテロ原子の総量に対する炭素原子のモル比は4.5以上(好ましくは5以上、より好ましくは5.5以上)である、付記18~25のいずれか1つに記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
Claims (11)
- 有機分散媒と、前記有機分散媒中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子と、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤と、を含むナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の、温度200℃の空気雰囲気下で180分間維持したときの質量減少率が20%以下である請求項1に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の酸価が40mgKOH/g以下である請求項1または2に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子の平均分散粒子径が2~240nmである請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- ヘイズ値が5以下である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 前記有機分散媒のSP値が6.0~12.0(cal/cm3)1/2である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 25℃における粘度が0.2~120mPa・sである請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 前記脂肪酸エステル系分散剤の平均分子量Mpが300以上である請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- ナノダイヤモンド粒子の含有割合が0.01~5.0質量%である請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
- 前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子が、下記式(I)で表される基がナノダイヤモンド粒子表面を修飾した表面修飾ナノダイヤモンドを含む、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンド粒子に結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。] - 前記式(I)中、Xは、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、または-O-C(=O)-を示す、請求項10に記載のナノダイヤモンド分散組成物。
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WO2022244665A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-17 | 2022-11-24 | 株式会社ダイセル | 冷凍機用組成物および冷凍機用組成物キット |
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