WO2022244665A1 - 冷凍機用組成物および冷凍機用組成物キット - Google Patents
冷凍機用組成物および冷凍機用組成物キット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022244665A1 WO2022244665A1 PCT/JP2022/019979 JP2022019979W WO2022244665A1 WO 2022244665 A1 WO2022244665 A1 WO 2022244665A1 JP 2022019979 W JP2022019979 W JP 2022019979W WO 2022244665 A1 WO2022244665 A1 WO 2022244665A1
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- FLAJFZXTYPQIBY-CLFAGFIQSA-N bis[(z)-octadec-9-enyl] hydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOP(O)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC FLAJFZXTYPQIBY-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ARGGOKUVIPUXPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexahydro-2h-3,5-methanocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one Chemical group C1C2C3OC(=O)C2CC1C3 ARGGOKUVIPUXPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isochromane Chemical group C1=CC=C2COCCC2=C1 HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical group C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002971 oxazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000380 propiolactone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical group C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003558 thiocarbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNXUJPCYZSNXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran-4-one Chemical group O=C1C=CSC=C1 VNXUJPCYZSNXDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/02—Carbon; Graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
- C10M2203/065—Well-defined aromatic compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
- C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/055—Particles related characteristics
- C10N2020/06—Particles of special shape or size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a refrigerator composition and a refrigerator composition kit. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a composition for refrigerator containing refrigerator oil, and a composition kit for refrigerator, which is a kit for obtaining the composition for refrigerator.
- This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-082882 filed in Japan on May 27, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein.
- a refrigerating machine such as a compression type refrigerating machine generally consists of a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (expansion valve, etc.), and an evaporator. (composition for refrigerator) is circulated.
- Refrigerator oil is used in compressors for refrigerators to reduce the friction that occurs between various sliding members. Refrigerating machine oil is sealed in the compressor together with refrigerant, and lubricates sliding members such as connecting rods and pistons.
- composition for a refrigerator for example, a lubricating oil composition containing a specific base oil and a specific nanodiamond is known (see Patent Document 1). It is described that the lubricant composition has excellent frictional properties.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an initial break-in lubricant composition containing nanocarbon particles. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a dispersion liquid in which specific surface-modified nanodiamonds are dispersed in an organic solvent.
- Patent Document 2 does not disclose a test that imitates the friction that occurs in a refrigerator compressor (for example, a ring-on-disk friction test).
- Patent Document 3 does not disclose that the above-mentioned dispersion is effective as a lubricant for sliding members in a refrigerator.
- Patent Literatures 2 and 3 do not disclose the use of the lubricant composition or the dispersion liquid as a refrigerating machine oil or a composition for a refrigerating machine in combination with a refrigerant.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for a refrigerator capable of reducing the coefficient of friction in friction between sliding members in the refrigerator, and a composition kit for the refrigerator for obtaining the composition for the refrigerator. to do.
- the inventors of the present disclosure have made intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, according to a refrigerator composition containing a refrigerator oil, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the refrigerator oil, and a dispersant, , the coefficient of friction in the friction between sliding members in the refrigerator can be reduced.
- the present disclosure relates to what was completed based on these findings.
- the present disclosure provides a refrigerator composition
- a refrigerator composition comprising a refrigerator oil, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the refrigerator oil, and a dispersant.
- the above refrigerator oil preferably contains polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, or mineral oil.
- the dispersant preferably contains a dispersant (I) having a mass average molecular weight of 500 or more and an amine value of 15 mgKOH/g or more and/or a fatty acid ester-based dispersant (II).
- the SP value of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 6.0 to 12.0 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- the composition for a refrigerator preferably has a coefficient of friction of 0.08 or less when used as a lubricant in a ring-on-disk friction test under conditions of a surface pressure of 2 MPa and a speed of 1.5 m/s.
- composition for a refrigerator is preferably for a compressor of a refrigerator.
- the refrigerator is preferably an air conditioner.
- the present disclosure provides a refrigerator composition kit containing a refrigerant (B) and a refrigerator oil (A) containing a base oil and nanodiamond particles dispersed in the base oil.
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) preferably has a coefficient of friction of 0.08 or less when used as a lubricant in a ring-on-disk friction test under conditions of a surface pressure of 2 MPa and a speed of 1.5 m/s.
- the composition for a refrigerator of the present disclosure it is possible to reduce the coefficient of friction in the friction between sliding members in the refrigerator. Further, according to the composition for a refrigerator of the present disclosure, the coefficient of friction can be reduced early. Further, according to the composition kit for a refrigerator of the present disclosure, the composition for a refrigerator can be obtained by mixing the refrigerator oil and the refrigerant.
- . 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (in air, sliding speed 0.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- . 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (in air, at a sliding speed of 1.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- . 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (in air, at a sliding speed of 2.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants. .
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the amount of wear measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (in air) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (sliding speed in refrigerant: 0.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- . 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (sliding speed in refrigerant: 1.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants. .
- 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (sliding speed of 2.5 m/s in refrigerant) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- . 4 is a graph showing the amount of wear measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (in refrigerant) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- 1 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (sliding speed in refrigerant: 0.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants. .
- . 4 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (sliding speed in refrigerant: 1.5 m/s) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- . 2 is a graph showing friction coefficients measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (sliding speed of 2.5 m/s in refrigerant) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- . 4 is a graph showing the amount of wear measured in a ring-on-disk friction test (in refrigerant) when the compositions for refrigerators of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 were used as lubricants.
- composition for a refrigerator includes at least a refrigerator oil, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the refrigerator oil, and a dispersant.
- the composition for a refrigerator is used by being filled inside the refrigerator.
- the nanodiamond particles are dispersed at least in the refrigerator oil.
- refrigerating machine oil As the refrigerating machine oil, known or commonly used refrigerating machine oils such as synthetic oils and mineral oils used in conventional refrigerating machine compositions can be used. Examples of the refrigerating machine oils include polyvinyl ethers (PVE), polyol esters (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), polyesters, polycarbonates, hydrides of ⁇ -olefin oligomers, and alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds. , alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as alkylbenzene (AB), and mineral oil.
- PVE polyvinyl ethers
- POE polyol esters
- PAG polyalkylene glycols
- polyesters polyesters
- polycarbonates hydrides of ⁇ -olefin oligomers
- alicyclic hydrocarbon compounds alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds
- alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds such as alkylbenzene (AB), and mineral oil.
- the mineral oil for example, the lubricating oil fraction obtained by vacuum distillation of the atmospheric residual oil obtained by atmospheric distillation of crude oil such as paraffinic crude oil, intermediate crude oil, naphthenic crude oil, and solvent Oils refined by deasphalting, solvent extraction or hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, etc.; oils produced by isomerizing mineral oil waxes; GTL with Fischer-Tropsch process, etc. and oils produced by hydroisomerization dewaxing residual WAX (gas-to-liquid wax) in the process.
- crude oil such as paraffinic crude oil, intermediate crude oil, naphthenic crude oil, and solvent Oils refined by deasphalting, solvent extraction or hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing or catalytic dewaxing, hydrorefining, etc.
- oils produced by isomerizing mineral oil waxes GTL with Fischer-Tropsch process, etc.
- polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and mineral oils are preferable from the viewpoint of excellent dispersibility of nanodiamond particles, compatibility with refrigerants, and hydrolysis resistance. Only one type of the refrigerating machine oil may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the above polyvinyl ethers are polymers containing structural units derived from vinyl ethers. Among them, from the viewpoint of obtaining better stability, a polymer containing a constitutional unit derived from a vinyl ether having an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the side chain is preferable.
- the SP value [solubility parameter ( ⁇ ) according to Hildebrand, unit: (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 at 25° C.] of the refrigerating machine oil is preferably 6.0 to 12.0, more preferably. is 6.0 or more and less than 11.0.
- the SP value of the refrigerating machine oil is within the above range, the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles is excellent, and the compatibility with the refrigerant is excellent.
- the content of the refrigerating machine oil in the refrigerating machine composition is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 to 99% by mass, preferably 20 to 95% by mass, relative to the total amount of the refrigerating machine composition. .
- the nanodiamond particles are not particularly limited, and known or commonly used nanodiamond particles can be used.
- the nanodiamond particles may be surface-modified nanodiamond particles (surface-modified nanodiamond) particles, or may be surface-unmodified nanodiamond particles.
- the surface-unmodified nanodiamond particles have hydroxyl groups (--OH) and carboxy groups (--COOH) on their surfaces. Only one type of nanodiamond particles may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- the nanodiamond particles preferably contain primary particles of nanodiamonds.
- secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are agglomerated may be included.
- nanodiamond particles for example, detonation method nanodiamonds (i.e., nanodiamonds produced by detonation method) or high temperature and high pressure method nanodiamonds (i.e., nanodiamonds produced by high temperature and high pressure method) can be used.
- detonation nanodiamonds are preferable because they are more excellent in dispersibility in the composition for refrigerators, that is, because the particle diameter of the primary particles is one digit nanometer.
- the above detonation nanodiamonds include air-cooled detonation nanodiamonds (i.e., nanodiamonds produced by an air-cooled detonation method) and water-cooled detonation nanodiamonds (i.e., nanodiamonds produced by a water-cooled detonation method). diamonds) are included. Among them, air-cooled detonation nanodiamonds are preferable in that primary particles are smaller than water-cooled detonation nanodiamonds.
- Examples of the compound or functional group that modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles in the surface-modified nanodiamonds include silane compounds, phosphonate ions or phosphonate residues, vinyl group-terminated surface modification groups, amide groups, and cationic surfactants. Examples include cations of agents, groups containing polyglycerol chains, groups containing polyethylene glycol chains, and the like.
- the compound or functional group that modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles in the surface-modified nanodiamond preferably contains an organic group.
- the above organic group is more preferably an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms (eg 4 to 25), more preferably an organic group having 6 or more (eg 6 to 22) carbon atoms, particularly preferably 8 or more carbon atoms (eg 8 to 20).
- the surface-modifying compound or functional group contains an organic group (in particular, an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms)
- the hydrophobic interaction between the organic group and the refrigerating machine oil causes the formation of nanodiamond particles in the refrigerating machine oil. Better dispersibility.
- organic group examples include a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, and a group in which two or more of the above hydrocarbon groups and/or two or more of the above heterocyclic groups are bonded.
- organic groups include the organic groups in the monovalent organic groups exemplified and described as R in formula (I) below.
- the surface modifying group is preferably a group represented by formula (I) below. That is, the nanodiamond particles are preferably surface-modified nanodiamonds (nanodiamond particles) in which a group represented by the following formula (I) modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- -X-R (I) [In formula (I), X represents a linking group, and a bond extending to the left from X binds to the nanodiamond. R represents a monovalent organic group, and the atom bonded to X is a carbon atom. ]
- R a represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- Examples of the monovalent organic group for R a include those exemplified and explained as the monovalent organic group for R above.
- the monovalent organic group for R includes, for example, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group (monovalent hydrocarbon group), a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group (monovalent heterocyclic group), Examples thereof include groups in which two or more monovalent hydrocarbon groups and/or the above monovalent heterocyclic groups are bonded.
- the above bonded groups may be directly bonded or may be bonded via a linking group.
- linking group examples include amino group, ether bond, ester bond, phosphinic acid group, sulfide bond, carbonyl group, organic group-substituted amide group, organic group-substituted urethane bond, organic group-substituted imide bond, thiocarbonyl group, siloxane A bond, a group in which two or more of these are bonded, and the like are included.
- hydrocarbon group in the monovalent organic group examples include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and groups in which two or more of these are bonded.
- Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and alkynyl groups.
- alkyl groups include C 1-22 alkyl groups (preferably C 2- 20 alkyl group, more preferably C 3-18 alkyl group) and the like.
- alkenyl groups include vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, C 2-22 alkenyl groups (preferably C 4-20 alkenyl groups, more preferably C 8-18 alkenyl groups) such as 3-pentenyl group, 4-pentenyl group, 5-hexenyl group, and oleyl group are included.
- alkynyl groups include C2-22 alkynyl groups (preferably C4-20 alkynyl groups, more preferably C8-18 alkynyl groups) such as ethynyl and propynyl groups.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include C 3-12 cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and cyclododecyl group; C 3-12 cycloalkenyl groups such as cyclohexenyl group; a C4-15 bridged cyclic hydrocarbon group such as a bicycloheptanyl group and a bicycloheptenyl group;
- aromatic hydrocarbon group examples include C 6-14 aryl groups (especially C 6-10 aryl groups) such as phenyl group and naphthyl group.
- the heterocycles forming the heterocyclic group include aromatic heterocycles and non-aromatic heterocycles.
- Such a heterocyclic ring includes a 3- to 10-membered ring (preferably a 4- to 6-membered ring) having carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom (e.g., oxygen atom, sulfur atom, nitrogen atom, etc.) in the atoms constituting the ring. ), and condensed rings thereof.
- a heterocyclic ring containing an oxygen atom as a heteroatom e.g., 3-membered ring such as oxirane ring; 4-membered ring such as oxetane ring; furan ring, tetrahydrofuran ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, ⁇ -butyrolactone ring
- 5-membered ring such as; 4-oxo-4H-pyran ring, tetrahydropyran ring, 6-membered ring such as morpholine ring; benzofuran ring, isobenzofuran ring, 4-oxo-4H-chromene ring, chroman ring, isochroman ring Condensed ring; 3-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.1 4,8 ]undecan-2-one ring, 3-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.0 4,8 ]nonan-2-one ring etc.), a heterocyclic ring a
- Examples of groups in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group are bonded include a cyclohexylmethyl group and a methylcyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the group in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group are bonded include a C 7-18 aralkyl group (especially a C 7-10 aralkyl group) such as a benzyl group and a phenethyl group, a C 6-10 aryl-C 2-6 alkenyl group, C 1-4 alkyl-substituted aryl group such as tolyl group, C 2-4 alkenyl-substituted aryl group such as styryl group, and the like.
- the above monovalent hydrocarbon group and/or the above monovalent heterocyclic ring a formula group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an aralkyloxy group, an acyloxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkenylthio group, an arylthio group, an aralkylthio group, an acyl group, an alkenylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group; , an aralkylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkenyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an aralkyloxycarbonyl group, a dialkylamino group, an acylamino group, an oxetanyl group-containing group,
- the monovalent organic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom; a cyano group; an isocyanate group; an isothiocyanate group; a hydroxy group; a carboxy group; thiol group; phosphate group;
- a group represented by the above formula (I) and a group containing a polyglycerol chain are preferable.
- R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and the atom bonded to X 1 is a carbon atom.
- the number of carbon atoms in R 1 is preferably 4-25, more preferably 6-22, still more preferably 8-20.
- the number of carbon atoms is 4 or more, the steric hindrance between the surface modifying groups becomes sufficient and the particles are easily dispersed in the refrigerating machine oil.
- the number of carbon atoms is 25 or less, the entanglement of the surface modification groups is suppressed, and the surface modification groups are easily dispersed in the refrigerating machine oil.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group for R 1 may have the substituents described above. Moreover, the monovalent hydrocarbon group preferably does not have a functional group containing active hydrogen (hydroxy group, carboxy group, amino group, monosubstituted amino group, thiol group, phosphoric acid group, etc.).
- R 1 contains a straight-chain hydrocarbon group having 4 or more consecutive carbon atoms.
- hydrocarbon groups include linear alkylene groups such as tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, nonamethylene and decamethylene; 2-ethylhexamethylene and the like; Branched alkylene group; 1-butenylene group, 2-butenylene group, 1-pentenylene group, 2-pentenylene group, linear alkenylene group such as 3-pentenylene group; branched chain such as 2-methyl-2-butenylene group alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 4 or more carbon atoms such as cyclohexyl groups; aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 or more carbon atoms such as phenyl groups.
- the molar ratio of carbon atoms to the total amount of heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and silicon atoms is preferably 4.5 or more, more preferably 5 or more, more preferably 5.5 or more.
- the molar ratio is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 22 or less, or 20 or less.
- surface-modified nanodiamonds with excellent dispersibility in refrigerator oil can be more easily produced.
- R 1 is the number of carbon atoms 8 to 20 linear or branched hydrocarbon groups are more preferred.
- R 1 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Further, when X is -NH-, R 1 is preferably a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing a hydrocarbon group having 4 or more consecutive carbon atoms in a straight chain.
- the group containing the polyglycerol chain includes a group having a polyglyceryl group and a group in which hydrogen atoms of at least part of the hydroxy groups in the polyglyceryl group are substituted with monovalent organic groups.
- the polyglycerin chain-containing group is preferably a polyglycerin chain-containing surface modification group represented by the following formula (2).
- X 2 represents a divalent group, and a bond extending leftward from X 2 in [X 2 C 3 H 5 ] binds to the nanodiamond.
- [X 3 R 2 ] represents the end of a polyglycerin chain, X 3 represents a single bond or a divalent group, and R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. ]
- [X 2 C 3 H 5 ] in the above formula (2) is represented by [-X 2 -CH 2 -C(-)H-CH 2 -].
- X 2 in [X 2 C 3 H 5 ] is bound to the nanodiamond, and the two Cs are each bound to O in [OC 3 H 5 ] or X 3 in [X 3 R 2 ]. .
- X 2 in the above [X 2 C 3 H 5 ] represents a divalent group.
- the divalent group includes the divalent groups exemplified and described as X in formula (I) above.
- X in formula (I) above.
- [OC 3 H 5 ] with p in the above formula (2) is a structure derived from glycerin represented by [--O--CH 2 --C(-)H--CH 2 --], and [ X 2 C 3 H 5 ] to form a polyglycerol chain.
- p represents a repeating unit of [OC 3 H 5 ] and is an integer of 1 or more, preferably 3-20, more preferably 5-15. p may be the same or different in the group containing the plurality of polyglycerol chains.
- [X 3 R 2 ] represents the end of the polyglycerol chain and binds to C in [X 2 C 3 H 5 ] or C in [OC 3 H 6 ].
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- X 2 in [X 2 C 3 H 6 ] and X 3 in [X 3 R 2 ] may be the same or different.
- the plurality of [X 3 R 2 ] may be the same or different.
- X 3 in the above [X 3 R 2 ] may be the same or different in the group containing the plurality of polyglycerin chains.
- q may be the same or different in the group containing a plurality of polyglycerol chains.
- R 2 is a monovalent organic group
- the plurality of R 2 in the above formula (2) are preferably the same.
- the monovalent organic group include those exemplified and explained as the monovalent organic group for R in the formula (1). Among them, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups (monovalent hydrocarbon groups), substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic groups (monovalent heterocyclic groups), groups in which two or more of these are bonded, and the like can be mentioned.
- the monovalent organic group may have an ionic form.
- the above bonded groups may be directly bonded or may be bonded via a linking group.
- the hydrocarbon group in the substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly preferably an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, or a hexyl group.
- [X 3 R 2 ] include OH, NH 2 , CH 3 , alkoxy group, acyl group, mono- or di-alkylamino group, mono- or dialkenylamino group, alkylamide group, alkenylamide group and quaternary ammonium.
- Examples include substituted alkoxy groups, chlorine-substituted alkoxy groups, and polyalkylene oxide groups.
- the number average degree of polymerization of glycerin in the polyglycerin chain is preferably 1-100, more preferably 2-40, still more preferably 3-20.
- the number average degree of polymerization is large, the mutual repulsive force between the nanodiamonds acts sufficiently, and the dispersibility of the nanodiamonds in the composition for a refrigerator can be further improved.
- the number average degree of polymerization is 100 or less, entanglement of the polyglycerol chains between the nanodiamond particles can be suppressed, and the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles in the composition for a refrigerator can be further enhanced.
- the number average degree of polymerization is defined by the number of glycidol units constituting the polyglycerin chain in the group bonded to the surface functional group 1 of the raw nanodiamond, and the number of surface functional groups of the raw nanodiamond is the number of the surface functional groups of the raw nanodiamond. It can be determined by measuring an elemental analysis value, measuring an acid value, or measuring a combination of both.
- the mass ratio of nanodiamonds to the surface-modifying groups is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 1.0, more preferably 0.6 to 0. .8.
- the mass ratio is 0.5 or more (especially 0.6 or more)
- the properties of the nanodiamond are less likely to be impaired.
- the mass ratio is 1.0 or less (especially 0.8 or less)
- the degree of modification of the surface modification group is sufficient, and the dispersibility in refrigerating machine oil is excellent.
- the above mass ratio is determined based on the weight loss rate measured by thermogravimetric analysis, with the reduced weight as the mass of the surface modifying group.
- nanodiamond particles are dispersed in the refrigerator oil.
- the nanodiamond particles are preferably dispersed on the order of nanometers.
- the average dispersed particle diameter (D50, median diameter) of the nanodiamond particles in the composition for a refrigerator is preferably 2 to 240 nm, more preferably 4 to 200 nm, even more preferably 5 to 100 nm, still more preferably 6 to 70 nm. , more preferably 10 to 60 nm, more preferably 10 to 40 nm, and particularly preferably 11 to 30 nm.
- the average dispersed particle size can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method. When the average dispersed particle size of the nanodiamond particles is within the above range, the nanodiamond particles are excellent in dispersibility in the composition for a refrigerator, and the coefficient of friction can be sufficiently reduced.
- the content of nanodiamond particles in the composition for a refrigerator is preferably 1 to 10000 ppm by mass, more preferably 5 to 1000 ppm by mass, more preferably 10 to 500 ppm by mass relative to the total amount of the refrigerator oil. be.
- the content is 1 ppm by mass or more, the coefficient of friction in the friction between sliding members in the refrigerator can be sufficiently reduced.
- the content ratio is within the above range, the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles is more excellent.
- the composition for a refrigerator may be a concentrated liquid that is diluted at the time of use so that the content of nanodiamond particles is low. Therefore, the above content may be more than 10000 ppm by mass, or may be 2% by mass or more.
- the composition for a refrigerator has excellent dispersibility of nanodiamond particles, even if the content ratio is more than 10000 ppm by mass, the nanodiamond particles can be dispersed with a small dispersed particle diameter while suppressing the amount of dispersant added. can be done.
- the above content is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the content ratio of the nanodiamond particles can be calculated from the absorbance at 350 nm.
- the compound surface-modifying the nanodiamond particles by high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry can also be detected and determined based on the detected amount.
- the composition for a refrigerator contains a dispersant.
- a dispersant By adding a dispersant, the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles in the refrigerator oil is improved.
- the dispersant include a dispersant having a mass average molecular weight of 500 or more and an amine value of 15 mgKOH/g or more (sometimes referred to as "dispersant (I)"), a fatty acid ester dispersant (“dispersant agent (II)”) is preferred.
- the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles in the composition for a refrigerator is particularly excellent. Only one kind of the dispersant may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used.
- the mass average molecular weight of the dispersant (I) is 500 or more, preferably 650 or more, more preferably 950 or more. Moreover, the mass average molecular weight is preferably 20,000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less. As used herein, the weight average molecular weight is a molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the amine value of the dispersant (I) is 15 mgKOH/g or more, preferably 18 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 20 mgKOH/g or more, still more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or more. Further, the amine value is preferably 100 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 90 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 60 mgKOH/g or less.
- a compound having a structure derived from a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether in particular, a structure derived from a polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether or a structure derived from a polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether
- a compound having a carbamate structure a compound having a structure derived from polycaprolactone is preferred.
- Each of the above compounds may contain only one type, or may contain two or more types. Also, one compound may have one or more of the above structures.
- a commercially available product can also be used as the dispersant (I).
- Commercially available products of the dispersant (I) include, for example, the trade name “DISPERBYK-2008”, the trade name “BYK-9076”, the trade name “BYK-9077”, and the trade name “ANTI-TERRA-U”. ⁇ Chemie) and the like.
- the acid value of the dispersant (II) is preferably 40 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 35 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 20 mgKOH/g or less, particularly preferably 6 mgKOH/g. It is below. Further, the acid value may be, for example, 0.1 mgKOH/g or more, 0.3 mgKOH/g or more, or 0.5 mgKOH/g or more. When the acid value is 40 mgKOH/g or less (especially 30 mgKOH/g or less), the dispersibility in refrigerating machine oil tends to be more excellent.
- the amine value of the dispersant (II) is preferably 5 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 1 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 0.5 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or less, and particularly preferably is 0 mg KOH/g.
- the dispersant (II) preferably has an average molecular weight Mp of 300 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more (eg, 1,000 to 100,000), still more preferably 3,000 or more (eg, 3,000 to 10,000).
- Mp average molecular weight
- the average molecular weight Mp is a standard polystyrene-equivalent molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the dispersant (II) preferably has a mass loss rate of 30% or less when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200°C for 180 minutes (sometimes referred to as "200°C 180 minute mass loss rate"). It is more preferably 25% or less, still more preferably 20% or less, and particularly preferably 15% or less.
- the mass reduction rate is 30% or less, the composition for a refrigerator has excellent heat resistance and excellent dispersion stability in a high-temperature environment.
- the mass reduction rate can be measured by simultaneous differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTA).
- the dispersant (II) may have an acidic functional group.
- the acidic functional group include carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and salts thereof.
- Examples of the fatty acid that constitutes the fatty acid ester-based dispersant that is the dispersant (II) include carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and salts thereof.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid include aliphatic mono- carboxylic acid; aromatic monocarboxylic acid such as benzoic acid and p-(t-butylbutyl)benzoic acid;
- Examples of the sulfonic acid include naphthalenesulfonic acid.
- the above fatty acid is preferably a higher fatty acid. That is, the dispersant (II) is preferably a higher fatty acid ester dispersant. Only 1 type may be used for the said fatty acid, and 2 or more types may be used for it.
- Examples of the compound constituting the ester component of the fatty acid ester-based dispersant that is the dispersant (II) include cyclic ester compounds such as propiolactone, valerolactone, and caprolactone; condensates of glycol and dibasic acid; glycerin, and the like. mentioned.
- the polyester in the fatty acid ester dispersant preferably has a molecular weight of about 300-9000, more preferably 400-6000.
- Specific examples of the dispersant (II) include glycerol monooleate.
- a commercially available product can also be used as the dispersant (II).
- Commercially available fatty acid ester-based dispersants include, for example, the trade name "Ajisper PA111", the trade name “Ajisper PN411” (manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine-Techno Co., Ltd.), the trade name “Rheodol MO-60” (manufactured by Kao Corporation). ) and the like.
- the dispersant (II) has high heat resistance, it is difficult to decompose due to heat. Therefore, even when the temperature of the composition for a refrigerator rises during use or when the composition for a refrigerator is used in a high-temperature environment, the composition for a refrigerator has excellent dispersion stability in a high-temperature environment and discolors. is also unlikely. Furthermore, since the dispersant (II) is commercially available and readily available, it does not need to be produced through a complicated production process, and is excellent in ease of production.
- the content of the dispersant in the composition for a refrigerator is preferably 100 to 10,000 parts by mass, more preferably 200 to 5,000 parts by mass, and still more preferably 400 to 2,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of nanodiamond particles. part by mass.
- the refrigerator oil composition may further contain a refrigerant.
- a refrigerant known or commonly used refrigerants used in conventional compositions for refrigerators can be used.
- the refrigerant include fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerants, hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerants that are natural refrigerants, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
- HC hydrocarbon
- the refrigerator oil composition contains a refrigerant, part of the nanodiamond particles may be dispersed in the refrigerant. Only one kind of the refrigerant may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used.
- fluorine-based hydrocarbon refrigerants are preferable.
- fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerant include saturated fluorine-based hydrocarbon refrigerants and unsaturated fluorine-based hydrocarbon refrigerants.
- saturated fluorocarbon compounds include alkane fluorides.
- the alkane is preferably an alkane having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkane having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an alkane having 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the above-mentioned alkane fluorides include trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1 , 1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane and the like.
- Examples of the unsaturated fluorine-based hydrocarbon refrigerant include fluorinated products of linear or branched chain olefins, fluorinated products of cyclic olefins, and the like.
- a linear or branched chain olefin having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable as the linear or branched chain olefin.
- the fluorinated chain olefin include ethylene into which 1 to 3 fluorine atoms are introduced, propene into which 1 to 5 fluorine atoms are introduced, and butene into which 1 to 7 fluorine atoms are introduced. , pentene into which 1 to 9 fluorine atoms have been introduced, and hexene into which 1 to 11 fluorine atoms have been introduced.
- cyclic olefin a cyclic olefin having a hydrocarbon ring with 4 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable.
- fluorinated cyclic olefins include cyclobutene having 1 to 5 fluorine atoms introduced, cyclopentene having 1 to 7 fluorine atoms introduced, and cyclohexene having 1 to 9 fluorine atoms introduced. is mentioned.
- the HC-based refrigerant is preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a hydrocarbon having 3 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon is 8 or less, the boiling point of the refrigerant does not become too high, which is preferable as a refrigerant.
- Specific examples of the HC-based refrigerants include methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, cyclopropane, propylene, n-butane, isobutane, 2-methylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentaneisobutane, and normal butane.
- the content of the refrigerant in the composition for a refrigerator is, for example, 1 to 99% by mass, preferably 2 to 95% by mass, relative to the total amount of the composition for a refrigerator.
- the composition for a refrigerator may contain components other than the components described above.
- the above-mentioned other components include known or commonly used components that can be contained in conventional refrigerator oils, refrigerants, and compositions for refrigerators.
- the other components include antioxidants, oiliness improvers, extreme pressure agents, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, antifoaming agents, and the like.
- the content of the other additive is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the composition for a refrigerator. is 0.1 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.2 to 2% by mass. Only one kind of each of the other components may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used.
- extreme pressure agent known or commonly used extreme pressure agents that can be contained in conventional compositions for refrigerators can be used. Among them, phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents, metal salts of carboxylic acids, and sulfur-based extreme pressure agents are preferred.
- Examples of the phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents include phosphates, acid phosphates, phosphites, acid phosphites, and amine salts thereof.
- Specific examples of the phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent include tricresyl phosphate (TCP), trithiophenyl phosphate, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, and 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphite. be done.
- metal salts of carboxylic acids include metal salts of carboxylic acids having 3 to 60 carbon atoms (preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms). Among them, metal salts of fatty acids having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and metal salts of dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 30 carbon atoms are preferable.
- the metal constituting the metal salt is preferably an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, more preferably an alkali metal.
- sulfur-based extreme pressure agents examples include sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, and dialkylthiodipropionates.
- the content of the extreme pressure agent is preferably 0.0005 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.0005 to 3% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerator composition, from the viewpoint of further reducing the coefficient of friction and the amount of wear. 002 to 2% by mass.
- composition for a refrigerator preferably has a haze value of 5 or less, more preferably 3 or less, and still more preferably 1 or less. Since the composition for a refrigerator has excellent dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles, the composition for a refrigerator having the above haze value can be obtained.
- the haze value can be measured according to JIS K7136.
- the composition for a refrigerator preferably has a coefficient of friction of 0.08 or less, more preferably, when used as a lubricant in a ring-on-disk friction test under conditions of a surface pressure of 2 MPa and a speed of 1.5 m / s. is 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.04 or less, and particularly preferably 0.03 or less.
- the friction coefficient is 0.08 or less, the friction coefficient and wear amount of the sliding member tend to be further reduced.
- the composition for a refrigerator is obtained, for example, by mixing a refrigerant (B) with a refrigerator oil (A) containing a refrigerator oil and nanodiamond particles dispersed in the refrigerator oil.
- a refrigerating machine oil (A) and the refrigerant (B) may be combined to form a refrigerating machine composition kit, and the above-mentioned refrigerating machine composition may be prepared by mixing them before use.
- composition kit for refrigerator includes at least a refrigerator oil (A) and a refrigerant (B) (refrigerant described above).
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) contains a base oil, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the base oil, and the dispersant. Examples of the base oil include those exemplified and explained as the refrigerating machine oil contained in the refrigerating machine composition.
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) and the refrigerant (B) may each contain the components exemplified and explained as the other components above.
- the content of the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil (A) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 80 to 98% by mass, preferably 90 to 95% by mass, relative to the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil (A).
- the nanodiamond particles are preferably dispersed in the refrigerating machine oil (A) on the order of nanometers.
- the average dispersed particle diameter (D50, median diameter) of the nanodiamond particles in the refrigerator oil (A) is preferably 2 to 240 nm, more preferably 4 to 200 nm, more preferably 5 to 100 nm, still more preferably 10 to 70 nm, Especially preferred is 12 to 40 nm.
- the average dispersed particle size can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- the content of nanodiamond particles in the refrigerator oil (A) is preferably 1 to 10000 ppm by mass, more preferably 5 to 1000 ppm by mass, more preferably 10 to 500 mass ppm, relative to the total amount of the refrigerator oil (A). ppm.
- the content is 1 ppm by mass or more, the coefficient of friction in the friction between sliding members in the refrigerator can be sufficiently reduced.
- the content ratio is within the above range, the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles is more excellent.
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) may be a concentrated liquid that is diluted at the time of use so that the content of nanodiamond particles is low.
- the above content may be more than 10000 ppm by mass, or may be 2% by mass or more. Since the refrigerating machine oil (A) has excellent dispersibility of nanodiamond particles, even if the content ratio is more than 10000 ppm by mass, it is possible to disperse the nanodiamond particles with a small dispersed particle diameter while suppressing the amount of dispersant added. can. From the viewpoint of better dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles, the above content is preferably 10% by mass or less.
- the content ratio of the nanodiamond particles can be calculated from the absorbance at 350 nm.
- the compound surface-modifying the nanodiamond particles by high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry can also be detected and determined based on the detected amount.
- the content of the dispersant in the refrigerating machine oil (A) is preferably 100 to 10000 parts by mass, more preferably 200 to 5000 parts by mass, and still more preferably 400 to 2000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of nanodiamond particles. Department.
- the content of the extreme pressure agent is preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.001 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil (A), from the viewpoint of further reducing the coefficient of friction and the amount of wear. 005 to 3% by mass.
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) preferably has a friction coefficient of 0.08 or less, more preferably, when used as a lubricant in a ring-on-disk friction test under conditions of a surface pressure of 2 MPa and a speed of 1.5 m / s. It is 0.07 or less, more preferably 0.05 or less, and particularly preferably 0.03 or less. When the friction coefficient is 0.08 or less, the friction coefficient and wear amount of the sliding member tend to be further reduced.
- Refrigerating machine oil (A) can be produced, for example, by mixing nanodiamond particles, a dispersant, and, if necessary, other components into the base oil to disperse the nanodiamond particles.
- Refrigerating machine oil (A) using surface-modified nanodiamond particles can also be produced through a step (modification step) of reacting the nanodiamond particles with a compound to be surface-treated in the base oil.
- the solvent used in the modification step can be directly used as the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil (A).
- the solvent used in the modification step may be used as the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil (A) as it is, or the solvent may be exchanged after the modification step.
- the modification step if the nanodiamond particles contain nanodiamond particle agglomerates in which the nanodiamond particles adhere to form secondary particles, the reaction between the compound to be subjected to the surface treatment and the nanodiamond particles is allowed to proceed.
- the nanodiamond particles are pulverized or dispersed.
- the nanodiamond particle aggregates can be crushed into primary particles, the surface of the primary nanodiamond particles can be modified, and the dispersibility of the nanodiamond particles in the refrigerating machine oil (A) can be improved. This is because
- Methods for pulverizing or dispersing nanodiamond particles include, for example, a high shear mixer, high shear mixer, homomixer, ball mill, bead mill, high-pressure homogenizer, ultrasonic homogenizer, colloid mill, jet mill, and the like. be done. Among them, it is preferable to perform ultrasonic treatment in the presence of crushing media (for example, zirconia beads, etc.).
- the composition for a refrigerator can be produced, for example, by mixing the refrigerator oil (A) prepared as described above and the refrigerant (B) while maintaining the state in which the nanodiamond particles are dispersed. can.
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) in which the nanodiamond particles are dispersed in the base oil and the composition for a refrigerating machine are obtained.
- the above composition kit for a refrigerator can be obtained by combining the refrigerator oil (A) and the refrigerant (B).
- compositions for refrigerators and the composition kit for refrigerators are compositions used in refrigerators.
- the composition for a refrigerator in a refrigerator it is possible to reduce the coefficient of friction in the friction between sliding members in the refrigerator.
- the composition for a refrigerator containing a refrigerant is required to have the performance of promoting lubrication between sliding members under pressure in a decompressed condition when used in a refrigerator. Sufficient lubrication performance under certain conditions is required.
- the composition for a refrigerator of the present disclosure can reduce the coefficient of friction between sliding members even when used under such severe conditions.
- it is conceivable to lower the viscosity of the composition for refrigerators used as a lubricant. tends to be easier.
- seizure of the sliding member can be suppressed, and the amount of wear of the sliding member can be reduced.
- the above-mentioned refrigerator includes, for example, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (expansion valve, etc.), an evaporator, a dryer, and the like. Therefore, the composition for a refrigerator can be used in such various devices that the refrigerator can be equipped with.
- the composition for a refrigerator is used, for example, as a lubricant for lubricating sliding parts provided in a compressor.
- the composition for a refrigerator can be used as a working fluid for a refrigerator.
- the lubricant may be an initial running-in lubricant used to form a low-friction surface (run-in surface) at the initial stage of use of a refrigerator having sliding members.
- the lubricant for initial break-in smoothes the unevenness of the surface of the sliding member, for example, or forms a modified surface.
- the lubricant for initial running-in is removed by washing or the like, and sliding using the lubricant for main lubrication is performed.
- the term “lubricant for main lubrication” refers to a lubricant that is not removed and continues to exist in the sliding portion during normal operation of the sliding member (while the refrigerator is in use).
- the initial running-in lubricant can be used as a lubricant for main lubrication by supplying the lubricant as it is without removing it after forming the running-in surface, or after removing it, supplying it again to the sliding portion.
- a refrigerating machine oil (A) which will be described later, may be used as an initial break-in lubricant.
- Examples of the refrigerator include air conditioners, refrigerators, vending machines, showcases, refrigeration systems, hot water supply systems, and heating systems.
- Examples of the air conditioner include car air conditioners such as open type car air conditioners and electric car air conditioners; gas heat pump (GHP) air conditioners; indoor air conditioners and the like.
- GTP gas heat pump
- Example 1 (Preparation of surface nanodiamond particles) First, the process of producing nanodiamonds by the detonation method was carried out. In this step, first, a molded explosive to which an electric detonator was attached was placed inside a pressure-resistant container for detonation, and the container was sealed. The container is made of iron and has a volume of 15 m 3 . As explosive, 0.50 kg of a mixture of TNT and RDX was used. The mass ratio of TNT and RDX (TNT/RDX) in this explosive is 50/50. Next, the electric detonator was detonated to detonate the explosive in the container (production of nanodiamonds by the detonation method).
- the temperature of the container and its inside was lowered by leaving it at room temperature for 24 hours. After this cooling, the crude nanodiamond product adhering to the inner wall of the container (including the aggregate of nanodiamond particles and soot generated by the detonation method) is scraped off with a spatula. Crude product was collected.
- an acid treatment step was performed on the nanodiamond crude product obtained by performing the above-described production steps multiple times. Specifically, a slurry obtained by adding 6 L of 10% by mass hydrochloric acid to 200 g of the crude nanodiamond product was heat-treated under reflux under normal pressure conditions for 1 hour. The heating temperature in this acid treatment is 85 to 100.degree. After cooling, the solid content (including nanodiamond aggregates and soot) was washed with water by decantation. The solid content was repeatedly washed with water by decantation until the pH of the precipitate reached 2 from the low pH side.
- the oxidation treatment process was performed. Specifically, 6 L of 98% by mass sulfuric acid and 1 L of 69% by mass nitric acid are added to a precipitation liquid (including nanodiamond aggregates) obtained through decantation after acid treatment to form a slurry. This slurry was heat-treated for 48 hours under reflux under normal pressure conditions. The heating temperature in this oxidation treatment is 140 to 160.degree. Next, after cooling, the solid content (including the nanodiamond aggregate) was washed with water by decantation. Since the supernatant liquid at the beginning of washing with water was colored, washing of the solid content with water by decantation was repeated until the supernatant liquid became visually transparent.
- 0.3 g of nanodiamond particles obtained in the above drying step was weighed into a reaction vessel, 13.5 g of MIBK and 1.2 g of hexyltrimethoxysilane as a silane compound were added and stirred for 10 minutes.
- zirconia beads manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, registered trademark "YTZ", diameter 30 ⁇ m
- an ultrasonic disperser model “UP-400s”, manufactured by Hielscher
- the nanodiamond particles were reacted with the silane compound by sonication. At first, it was gray, but gradually the particle size became smaller and the dispersion state improved, and finally it became a uniform black liquid.
- MIBK dispersion a nanodiamond dispersion
- composition for nanodiamond dispersion refrigerator After adding a dispersing agent (trade name “BYK-9077”, manufactured by BYK-Chemie) to the surface-modified nanodiamond dispersion obtained above and stirring, MIBK is distilled off by a rotary evaporator, and refrigerating machine oil (trade name name “Daphne Hermetic Oil FVC68D”, manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was added.
- a nanodiamond-dispersed refrigerator composition nanodiamond concentration: 10 mass ppm, dispersant concentration: 100 mass ppm
- the nanodiamond concentration was obtained from the absorbance at 350 nm.
- Example 2 preparation of composition for nanodiamond dispersion refrigerator
- a dispersing agent trade name “Ajisper PN411”, manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine-Techno Co., Inc.
- MIBK was distilled off using a rotary evaporator, and the refrigerating machine oil ( A product name "Daphne Hermetic Oil FVC68D” manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was added.
- a nanodiamond-dispersed refrigerator composition nanodiamond concentration: 10 mass ppm, dispersant concentration: 50 mass ppm
- the nanodiamond concentration was obtained from the absorbance at 350 nm.
- Comparative example 1 A product name "Daphne Hermetic Oil FVC68D” (manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was used as the refrigerating machine oil.
- Example 1 shows graphs at a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s
- FIG. 2 shows graphs at a sliding speed of 1.5 m/s
- FIG. 3 shows graphs at a sliding speed of 2.5 m/s.
- black squares ( ⁇ ) indicate examples (with nanodiamond particles)
- black circles ( ⁇ ) indicate comparative examples (without nanodiamond particles).
- Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 (friction coefficient) and FIG. 8 (wear amount), and the comparison results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 (friction coefficient) and FIG. (amount of wear), respectively.
- 5 and 9 show graphs at a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s
- FIGS. 6 and 10 show graphs at a sliding speed of 1.5 m/s
- FIGS. 7 and 11 show graphs at a sliding speed of 2.5 m/s, respectively.
- black squares ( ⁇ ) indicate examples (with nanodiamond particles)
- black circles ( ⁇ ) indicate comparative examples (without nanodiamond particles).
- the test conditions in the ring-on-disk friction test of (1) and (2) were changed stepwise to 0.5 m / s, 1.5 m / s, and 2.5 m / s, while each sliding A step formula was adopted in which the speed was changed stepwise from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa, 2.0 MPa, 3.0 MPa, 4.0 MPa, and 5.0 MPa. Specifically, first, while maintaining the sliding speed at 0.5 m / s, the contact pressure between the surfaces was changed from 0.5 MPa to 1.0 MPa, 2.0 MPa, 3.0 MPa, 4.0 MPa, and 5.0 MPa. and change step by step.
- the contact pressure between surfaces is returned to 0.5 MPa, and similarly, while maintaining the sliding speed, the contact pressure between surfaces is changed stepwise up to 5.0 MPa. Furthermore, after that, while changing the sliding speed to 2.5 m / s, the interfacial contact pressure was returned to 0.5 MPa, and similarly, while maintaining the sliding speed, the interfacial contact pressure was changed stepwise up to 5.0 MPa. do. The retention time for each step was 5 minutes.
- the amount of ring and disk wear was the difference in mass between the ring and disk before and after the ring-on-disk test.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, FIGS. 5 to 7, and FIGS. 9 to 11, when a composition for a refrigerator in which nanodiamond particles are dispersed is used as a lubricant (Example), nanodiamond particles are included. It was judged that the coefficient of friction tended to be lower than when a composition for a refrigerator without any lubricant was used (comparative example). In addition, the friction coefficient was particularly reduced when the contact pressure between surfaces was 4 MPa or less. Further, as shown in FIGS.
- [Appendix 1] A composition for a refrigerator comprising a refrigerator oil, nanodiamond particles dispersed in the refrigerator oil, and a dispersant.
- Appendix 2 The refrigerator composition according to Appendix 1, wherein the refrigerator oil contains polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, or mineral oil.
- the dispersant contains a dispersant (I) having a mass average molecular weight of 500 or more and an amine value of 15 mgKOH/g or more, and/or a fatty acid ester-based dispersant (II). 3. or the composition for a refrigerator according to 2.
- [Appendix 4] The composition for a refrigerator according to Appendix 3, wherein the dispersant (I) has a mass average molecular weight of 650 or more (preferably 950 or more).
- [Appendix 5] The composition for a refrigerator according to Appendix 3 or 4, wherein the dispersant (I) has a mass average molecular weight of 20,000 or less (preferably 10,000 or less).
- [Appendix 6] The refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 3 to 5, wherein the dispersant (I) has an amine value of 18 mgKOH/g or more (preferably 20 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or more). Composition.
- Dispersant (I) is a compound having a polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether-derived structure (in particular, a polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether-derived structure or a polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether-derived structure), a compound having a carbamate structure. , and a compound having a polycaprolactone-derived structure.
- the acid value of the dispersant (II) is 40 mgKOH/g or less (preferably 35 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 20 mgKOH/g or less, particularly preferably 6 mgKOH/g or less).
- Dispersant (II) has an acid value of 0.1 mgKOH/g or more (preferably 0.3 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH/g or more). A refrigerator composition as described.
- the amine value of the dispersant (II) is 5 mgKOH/g or less (preferably 1 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or less, particularly preferably 0 mgKOH/g or less).
- Appendix 12 Any of Appendices 3 to 11, wherein the average molecular weight Mp of the dispersant (II) is 300 or more (preferably 1000 or more (eg, 1000 to 100000), more preferably 3000 or more (eg, 3000 to 10000)) or a composition for a refrigerator according to any one of the above.
- the dispersant (II) has a mass reduction rate of 30% or less (preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 15% or less when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 180 minutes. % or less).
- [Appendix 16] The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 1 to 15, wherein the SP value of the refrigerant oil is 6.0 to 12.0 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- [Appendix 17] The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 1 to 16, wherein the nanodiamond particles are surface-modified nanodiamonds having a surface modification group containing an organic group that modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles. thing.
- the organic group is an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms (eg, 4 to 25), 6 or more (eg, 6 to 22), or 8 or more carbon atoms (eg, 8 to 20).
- -X-R (I) [In formula (I), X represents a linking group, and a bond extending to the left from X binds to the nanodiamond. R represents a monovalent organic group, and the atom bonded to X is a carbon atom.
- Appendix 20 The composition for a refrigerator according to Appendix 19, wherein the group represented by the formula (I) is a group represented by the following formula (1) or a group containing a polyglycerol chain.
- R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and the atom bonded to X 1 is a carbon atom.
- [Appendix 21] A refrigerator composition according to appendix 20, wherein the number of carbon atoms in R 1 is 4 to 25 (preferably 6 to 22, more preferably 8 to 20).
- [Appendix 22] The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 1 to 21, wherein the nanodiamond particles are dispersed on the order of nanometers.
- the average dispersed particle diameter (D50, median diameter) of the nanodiamond particles in the composition for a refrigerator is 2 to 240 nm (preferably 4 to 200 nm, more preferably 5 to 100 nm, further preferably 6 to 70 nm, more preferably 10 to 60 nm, more preferably 10 to 40 nm, particularly preferably 11 to 30 nm).
- the content of nanodiamond particles in the composition for refrigerator is 1 to 10000 ppm by mass (preferably 5 to 1000 ppm by mass, more preferably 10 to 500 ppm by mass with respect to the total amount of refrigerating machine oil) ), the composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 1 to 23.
- the content of the dispersant in the composition for a refrigerator is 100 to 10000 parts by mass (preferably 200 to 5000 parts by mass, more preferably 400 to 10000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of nanodiamond particles 2000 parts by mass).
- Appendix 26 Any one of Appendices 1 to 25 further comprising an extreme pressure agent (preferably a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, more preferably a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent) A refrigerator composition as described.
- an extreme pressure agent preferably a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, more preferably a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent
- the content of the extreme pressure agent is 0.0005 to 3% by mass (preferably 0.002 to 2% by mass) relative to the total amount of the refrigerator composition.
- Appendix 28 The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 1 to 27, which has a haze value of 5 or less (preferably 3 or less, more preferably 1 or less).
- Appendix 29 Any one of Appendices 1 to 28, wherein the friction coefficient when used as a lubricant in a ring-on-disk friction test under conditions of a surface pressure of 2 MPa and a speed of 1.5 m / s is 0.08 or less. refrigerating composition.
- Appendix 30 The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendixes 1 to 29, which is used for a compressor of a refrigerator.
- Appendix 31 The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of appendices 1 to 30, wherein the refrigerator is an air conditioner.
- a composition kit for a refrigerator comprising a refrigerator oil (A) containing a base oil and nanodiamond particles dispersed in the base oil, and a refrigerant (B).
- the content of the base oil in the refrigerating machine oil (A) is 80 to 98% by mass (preferably 90 to 95% by mass) relative to the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil (A). refrigerating composition kit.
- the refrigerator oil contains polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, or mineral oil.
- the dispersant contains a dispersant (I) having a mass average molecular weight of 500 or more and an amine value of 15 mgKOH/g or more, and/or a fatty acid ester-based dispersant (II).
- the composition kit for refrigerator according to any one of 1 to 34.
- composition kit The refrigerating machine according to any one of Appendices 35 to 37, wherein the dispersant (I) has an amine value of 18 mgKOH/g or more (preferably 20 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or more).
- composition kit The refrigerating machine according to any one of Appendices 35 to 38, wherein the dispersant (I) has an amine value of 100 mgKOH/g or less (preferably 90 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 60 mgKOH/g or less). composition kit.
- Dispersant (I) is a compound having a structure derived from polyalkylene glycol monoalkyl ether (especially a structure derived from polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether or a structure derived from polypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether), a compound having a carbamate structure , and a compound having a polycaprolactone-derived structure.
- the acid value of the dispersant (II) is 40 mgKOH/g or less (preferably 35 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 30 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 20 mgKOH/g or less, particularly preferably 6 mgKOH/g or less).
- Dispersant (II) has an acid value of 0.1 mgKOH/g or more (preferably 0.3 mgKOH/g or more, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH/g or more). Refrigerator composition kit as described.
- the amine value of the dispersant (II) is 5 mgKOH/g or less (preferably 1 mgKOH/g or less, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH/g or less, still more preferably 0.1 mgKOH/g or less, particularly preferably 0 mgKOH/g or less). 43.
- the composition kit for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 35 to 42 which is g).
- the dispersant (II) has a mass reduction rate of 30% or less (preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less, further preferably 15% or less when maintained in an air atmosphere at a temperature of 200 ° C. for 180 minutes. % or less).
- dispersant (II) is a higher fatty acid ester dispersant.
- Appendix 48 The composition kit for refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 32 to 47, wherein the SP value of the refrigerant oil is 6.0 to 12.0 (cal/cm 3 ) 1/2 .
- [Appendix 49] The composition for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 32 to 48, wherein the nanodiamond particles are surface-modified nanodiamonds having a surface modification group containing an organic group that modifies the surface of the nanodiamond particles.
- things kit. [Appendix 50]
- the organic group is an organic group having 4 or more carbon atoms (for example, 4 to 25), 6 or more (for example, 6 to 22), or 8 or more carbon atoms (for example, 8 to 20).
- Refrigerator composition kit as described.
- Appendix 51 The composition kit for refrigerator according to Appendix 49 or 50, wherein the surface modification group is a group represented by the following formula (I).
- R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and the atom bonded to X 1 is a carbon atom.
- [Appendix 53] The composition kit for refrigerator according to appendix 52, wherein the number of carbon atoms in R 1 is 4 to 25 (preferably 6 to 22, more preferably 8 to 20).
- [Appendix 54] The composition kit for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 32 to 53, wherein the nanodiamond particles are dispersed in the refrigerator oil (A) on the order of nanometers.
- the average dispersed particle diameter (D50, median diameter) of the nanodiamond particles in the refrigerator oil (A) is 2 to 240 nm (preferably 4 to 200 nm, more preferably 5 to 100 nm, and still more preferably 10 to 70 nm. , particularly preferably 12 to 40 nm).
- the content of nanodiamond particles in the refrigerating machine oil (A) is 1 to 10000 ppm by mass (preferably 5 to 1000 ppm by mass, more preferably 10 to 500 ppm by mass) relative to the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil (A). mass ppm), the composition kit for a refrigerator according to any one of appendices 32 to 55.
- the content of the dispersant in the refrigerating machine oil (A) is 100 to 10000 parts by mass (preferably 200 to 5000 parts by mass, more preferably 400 to 2000 parts by mass) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of nanodiamond particles. 57.
- composition kit for a refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 32 to 56, which is a part by mass).
- Appendix 58 The refrigerator composition kit according to any one of Appendices 32 to 57, wherein the refrigerator oil (A) contains an extreme pressure agent.
- Appendix 59 The refrigerator according to appendix 58, wherein the content of the extreme pressure agent is 0.001 to 5% by mass (preferably 0.005 to 3% by mass) with respect to the total amount of the refrigerator oil (A). composition kit for.
- the refrigerating machine oil (A) has a friction coefficient of 0.08 or less when used as a lubricant in a ring-on-disk friction test under conditions of a surface pressure of 2 MPa and a speed of 1.5 m / s. 53.
- Appendix 62 The composition kit for refrigerator according to any one of Appendices 32 to 61, wherein the refrigerator is an air conditioner.
- composition for refrigerators of the present disclosure can be used in refrigerators and air conditioning equipment using refrigerators.
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Abstract
Description
本開示の一実施形態に係る冷凍機用組成物は、冷凍機油と、上記冷凍機油中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子と、分散剤とを少なくとも含む。上記冷凍機用組成物は、冷凍機内部に充填して使用されるものである。上記ナノダイヤモンド粒子は、少なくとも上記冷凍機油中に分散している。
上記冷凍機油は、従来の冷凍機用組成物に用いられている合成油、鉱油などの公知乃至慣用の冷凍機油を使用することができる。上記冷凍機油としては、例えば、ポリビニルエーテル(PVE)類、ポリオールエステル(POE)類、ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG)類、ポリエステル類、ポリカーボネート類、α-オレフィンオリゴマーの水素化物、脂環式炭化水素化合物、アルキルベンゼン(AB)等のアルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物、鉱油などが挙げられる。鉱油としては、例えば、パラフィン系原油、中間基系原油、ナフテン系原油等の原油を常圧蒸留して得られる常圧残油を減圧蒸留して得られた潤滑油留分に対して、溶剤脱れき、溶剤抽出または水素化分解、溶剤脱ろうまたは接触脱ろう、水素化精製などを行って精製した油;鉱油系ワックスを異性化することによって製造される油;フィシャートロプシュプロセス等を有するGTLプロセスにおける残渣WAX(ガストゥリキッド ワックス)を水素化異性化脱ろうすることによって製造される油などが挙げられる。中でも、ナノダイヤモンド粒子の分散性、冷媒との相溶性、および耐加水分解性に優れる観点から、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリオールエステル類、ポリアルキレングリコール類、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物、鉱油が好ましい。上記冷凍機油は、一種のみを使用してもよく、二種以上を使用してもよい。
上記ナノダイヤモンド粒子は、特に限定されず、公知乃至慣用のナノダイヤモンド粒子を用いることができる。上記ナノダイヤモンド粒子は、表面修飾されたナノダイヤモンド(表面修飾ナノダイヤモンド)粒子であっていてもよいし、表面修飾されていないナノダイヤモンド粒子であってもよい。なお、表面修飾されていないナノダイヤモンド粒子は、表面にヒドロキシ基(-OH)やカルボキシ基(-COOH)を有する。ナノダイヤモンド粒子は、一種のみを使用してもよいし、二種以上を使用してもよい。
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは連結基を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
-X1-R1 (1)
[式(1)中、X1は、-O-Si-、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、X1から左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。R1は、置換または無置換の一価の炭化水素基を示し、X1と結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
-(X2C3H5)-(OC3H5)p-(X3R2)q (2)
[式(2)中、pは1以上の整数を示し、qはq=p+2を満たす整数を示す。X2は、二価の基を示し、[X2C3H5]中のX2から左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。[X3R2]は、ポリグリセリン鎖の末端を示し、X3は単結合または二価の基を示し、R2は水素原子または一価の有機基を示す。]
上記冷凍機用組成物は分散剤を含む。分散剤を配合することにより、冷凍機油中のナノダイヤモンド粒子の分散性が向上する。上記分散剤としては、質量平均分子量が500以上であり、且つアミン価が15mgKOH/g以上である分散剤(「分散剤(I)」と称する場合がある)、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤(「分散剤(II)」と称する場合がある)が好ましい。このような分散剤を用いることで、上記冷凍機用組成物中のナノダイヤモンド粒子の分散性が特に優れる。上記分散剤は、一種のみを使用してもよいし、二種以上を使用してもよい。
上記冷凍機油組成物は、さらに冷媒を含んでいてもよい。上記冷媒は、従来の冷凍機用組成物に用いられている公知乃至慣用の冷媒を使用することができる。上記冷媒としては、例えば、フッ化炭化水素冷媒、自然系冷媒であるハイドロカーボン(HC)系冷媒、二酸化炭素、アンモニアなどが挙げられる。上記冷凍機油組成物が冷媒を含む場合、ナノダイヤモンド粒子の一部は上記冷媒中に分散していてもよい。上記冷媒は、一種のみを使用してもよいし、二種以上を使用してもよい。
上記冷凍機用組成物は、上述の各成分以外のその他の成分を含有していてもよい。上記その他の成分としては、従来の冷凍機油、冷媒、および冷凍機用組成物が含み得る公知乃至慣用の成分が挙げられる。上記その他の成分としては、例えば、酸化防止剤、油性向上剤、極圧剤、酸捕捉剤、酸素捕捉剤、金属不活性化剤、防錆剤、消泡剤などが挙げられる。上記冷凍機用組成物が上記その他添加剤を含有する場合、上記その他の添加剤の含有割合は、上記冷凍機用組成物の総量に対して、0.05~5質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1~3質量%、さらに好ましくは0.2~2質量%である。上記その他の成分は、それぞれ、一種のみを使用してもよいし、二種以上を使用してもよい。
上記冷凍機用組成物は、ヘイズ値が5以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは3以下、さらに好ましくは1以下である。上記冷凍機用組成物はナノダイヤモンド粒子の分散性に優れるため、上記ヘイズ値の冷凍機用組成物を得ることができる。上記ヘイズ値は、JIS K 7136に基づいて測定することができる。
上記冷凍機用組成物キットは、冷凍機油(A)と冷媒(B)(上記冷媒)とを少なくとも含む。冷凍機油(A)は、基油と上記基油中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子と、上記分散剤とを含む。上記基油としては、上記冷凍機用組成物に含まれる冷凍機油として例示および説明されたものが挙げられる。冷凍機油(A)および冷媒(B)は、それぞれ、上述のその他の成分として例示および説明された成分を含んでいてもよい。
(表面ナノダイヤモンド粒子の作製)
まず、爆轟法によるナノダイヤモンドの生成工程を行った。本工程では、まず、成形された爆薬に電気雷管が装着されたものを爆轟用の耐圧性容器の内部に設置して容器を密閉した。容器は鉄製で、容器の容積は15m3である。爆薬としては、TNTとRDXとの混合物0.50kgを使用した。この爆薬におけるTNTとRDXの質量比(TNT/RDX)は、50/50である。次に、電気雷管を起爆させ、容器内で爆薬を爆轟させた(爆轟法によるナノダイヤモンドの生成)。次に、室温での24時間の放置により、容器及びその内部を降温させた。この放冷の後、容器の内壁に付着しているナノダイヤモンド粗生成物(上記爆轟法で生成したナノダイヤモンド粒子の凝着体と煤を含む)をヘラで掻き取る作業を行い、ナノダイヤモンド粗生成物を回収した。
上記で得られた表面修飾ナノダイヤモンド分散液に、分散剤(商品名「BYK-9077」、ビック・ケミー社製)を加えて撹拌した後、ロータリーエバポレーターによりMIBKを留去し、冷凍機油(商品名「ダフニーハーメチックオイル FVC68D」、出光興産株式会社製)を加えた。このようにして、ナノダイヤモンド分散冷凍機用組成物(ナノダイヤモンド濃度:10質量ppm、分散剤濃度:100質量ppm)を作製した。なお、ナノダイヤモンド濃度は、350nmにおける吸光度より求めた。
(ナノダイヤモンド分散冷凍機用組成物の作製)
実施例1で作製した表面修飾ナノダイヤモンド分散液に、分散剤(商品名「アジスパー PN411」、味の素ファインテクノ株式会社製)を加えて撹拌した後、ロータリーエバポレーターによりMIBKを留去し、冷凍機油(商品名「ダフニーハーメチックオイル FVC68D」、出光興産株式会社製)を加えた。このようにして、ナノダイヤモンド分散冷凍機用組成物(ナノダイヤモンド濃度:10質量ppm、分散剤濃度:50質量ppm)を作製した。なお、ナノダイヤモンド濃度は、350nmにおける吸光度より求めた。
商品名「ダフニーハーメチックオイル FVC68D」(出光興産株式会社製)を冷凍機油とした。
実施例および比較例で得られた各ナノダイヤモンド分散冷凍機用組成物について以下の通り評価した。
実施例1および比較例1で得られた各ナノダイヤモンド分散冷凍機用組成物を潤滑油サンプルとした。摩擦試験は、リングオンディスク型のスラスト摩擦磨耗試験機(ディスク接面方式)(装置名「AT-800」、株式会社エーアンドディ製)を用いて行った。試験片であるリングおよびディスクとして、接面における外径44mm、内径32mmの鋳鉄製のリング、および、接面における直径50mmの鋳鉄のディスクを用い、いずれも平面研磨加工(Ra=0.3μm以下)が施されたものである。試験開始時にディスクを冷凍機用組成物に浸漬し、室温にて試験を行った。
実施例1,2および比較例1で得られたナノダイヤモンド分散冷凍機用組成物を潤滑油サンプルとした。摩擦試験は、リングオンディスク型のスラスト摩擦磨耗試験機(ディスク接面方式)(装置名「AT-800」、株式会社エーアンドディ製)を用いて行った。試験片であるリングおよびディスクとして、接面における外径44mm、内径32mmの鋳鉄製のリング、および、接面における直径50mmの鋳鉄のディスクを用い、いずれも平面研磨加工(Ra=0.3μm以下)が施されたものである。試験開始時にディスク表面の摺動面に潤滑油サンプルを300mL投入し、真空ポンプで減圧した状態で冷媒0.2kgを投入し、その後加圧した状態で試験を行った。なお、上記冷媒は、実施例1および比較例1の対比試験ではR32を、実施例2および比較例1の対比試験ではR410Aをそれぞれ使用した。
[付記1]冷凍機油と、前記冷凍機油中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子と、分散剤とを含む冷凍機用組成物。
[付記2]前記冷凍機油はポリビニルエーテル類、ポリオールエステル類、ポリアルキレングリコール類、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物、または鉱油を含む付記1に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記3]前記分散剤は、質量平均分子量が500以上であり且つアミン価が15mgKOH/g以上である分散剤(I)、および/または、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤(II)を含む、付記1または2に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記4]分散剤(I)の質量平均分子量は650以上(好ましくは950以上)である付記3に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記5]分散剤(I)の質量平均分子量は20000以下(好ましくは10000以下)である付記3または4に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記6]分散剤(I)のアミン価は18mgKOH/g以上(好ましくは20mgKOH/g以上、より好ましくは30mgKOH/g以上)である付記3~5のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記7]分散剤(I)のアミン価は100mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは90mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは60mgKOH/g以下)である付記3~6のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記8]分散剤(I)はポリアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル由来の構造(特に、ポリエチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル由来の構造、またはポリプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル由来の構造)を有する化合物、カーバメート構造を有する化合物、およびポリカプロラクトン由来の構造を有する化合物から選択される1以上の化合物である付記3~7のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記9]分散剤(II)の酸価は40mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは35mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは30mgKOH/g以下、さらに好ましくは20mgKOH/g以下、特に好ましくは6mgKOH/g以下)である付記3~8のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記10]分散剤(II)の酸価は0.1mgKOH/g以上(好ましくは0.3mgKOH/g以上、より好ましくは0.5mgKOH/g以上である付記3~9のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記11]分散剤(II)のアミン価は5mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは1mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは0.5mgKOH/g以下、さらに好ましくは0.1mgKOH/g以下、特に好ましくは0mgKOH/g)である付記3~10のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記12]分散剤(II)の平均分子量Mpは300以上(好ましくは1000以上(例えば、1000~100000)、より好ましくは3000以上(例えば、3000~10000))である付記3~11のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記13]分散剤(II)は、温度200℃の空気雰囲気下で180分間維持したときの質量減少率が30%以下(好ましくは25%以下、より好ましくは20%以下、さらに好ましくは15%以下)である付記3~12のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記14]分散剤(II)は酸性官能基を有する付記3~13のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記15]分散剤(II)は高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤である付記3~14のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記16]前記冷凍機油のSP値は6.0~12.0(cal/cm3)1/2である付記1~15のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記17]前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子は、ナノダイヤモンド粒子を表面修飾する、有機基を含有する表面修飾基を有する表面修飾ナノダイヤモンドである付記1~16のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記18]前記有機基は、炭素原子数が4以上(例えば4~25)、6以上(例えば6~22)、または炭素数8以上(例えば8~20)の有機基である付記17に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記19]前記表面修飾基は下記式(I)で表される基である付記17または18に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは連結基を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
[付記20]前記式(I)で表される基は、下記式(1)で表される基またはポリグリセリン鎖を含む基である付記19に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
-X1-R1 (1)
[式(1)中、X1は、-O-Si-、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、X1から左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。R1は、置換または無置換の一価の炭化水素基を示し、X1と結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
[付記21]前記R1における炭素原子数は、4~25(好ましくは6~22、より好ましくは8~20)である付記20に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記22]前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子はナノメートルオーダーで分散している付記1~21のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記23]前記冷凍機用組成物中におけるナノダイヤモンド粒子の平均分散粒子径(D50、メディアン径)は、2~240nm(好ましくは4~200nm、より好ましくは5~100nm、さらに好ましくは6~70nm、さらに好ましくは10~60nm、さらに好ましくは10~40nm、特に好ましくは11~30nm)である、付記1~22のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記24]前記冷凍機用組成物中のナノダイヤモンド粒子の含有割合は、冷凍機油の総量に対して、1~10000質量ppm(好ましくは5~1000質量ppm、より好ましくは10~500質量ppm)である付記1~23のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記25]前記冷凍機用組成物中の分散剤の含有量は、ナノダイヤモンド粒子の総量100質量部に対して、100~10000質量部(好ましくは200~5000質量部、より好ましくは400~2000質量部)である付記1~24のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記26]さらに極圧剤(好ましくはリン系極圧剤、カルボン酸の金属塩、硫黄系極圧剤、より好ましくはリン系極圧剤)を含む付記1~25のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記27]前記極圧剤の含有割合は、前記冷凍機用組成物の総量に対して、0.0005~3質量%(好ましくは0.002~2質量%)である付記26に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記28]ヘイズ値が5以下(好ましくは3以下、より好ましくは1以下)である付記1~27のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記29]面圧2MPa、速度1.5m/sの条件におけるリングオンディスク摩擦試験において潤滑剤として用いた際の摩擦係数が0.08以下である付記1~28のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記30]冷凍機の圧縮機用である付記1~29のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記31]前記冷凍機は空調機器である付記1~30のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物。
[付記33]冷凍機油(A)中の前記基油の含有割合は、冷凍機油(A)の総量に対して、80~98質量%(好ましくは90~95質量%)である付記32に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記34]前記冷凍機油はポリビニルエーテル類、ポリオールエステル類、ポリアルキレングリコール類、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物、または鉱油を含む付記32または33に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記35]前記分散剤は、質量平均分子量が500以上であり且つアミン価が15mgKOH/g以上である分散剤(I)、および/または、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤(II)を含む、付記32~34のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記36]分散剤(I)の質量平均分子量は650以上(好ましくは950以上)である付記35に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記37]分散剤(I)の質量平均分子量は20000以下(好ましくは10000以下)である付記35または36に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記38]分散剤(I)のアミン価は18mgKOH/g以上(好ましくは20mgKOH/g以上、より好ましくは30mgKOH/g以上)である付記35~37のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記39]分散剤(I)のアミン価は100mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは90mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは60mgKOH/g以下)である付記35~38のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記40]分散剤(I)はポリアルキレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル由来の構造(特に、ポリエチレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル由来の構造、またはポリプロピレングリコールモノアルキルエーテル由来の構造)を有する化合物、カーバメート構造を有する化合物、およびポリカプロラクトン由来の構造を有する化合物から選択される1以上の化合物である付記35~39のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記41]分散剤(II)の酸価は40mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは35mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは30mgKOH/g以下、さらに好ましくは20mgKOH/g以下、特に好ましくは6mgKOH/g以下)である付記35~40のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記42]分散剤(II)の酸価は0.1mgKOH/g以上(好ましくは0.3mgKOH/g以上、より好ましくは0.5mgKOH/g以上である付記35~41のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記43]分散剤(II)のアミン価は5mgKOH/g以下(好ましくは1mgKOH/g以下、より好ましくは0.5mgKOH/g以下、さらに好ましくは0.1mgKOH/g以下、特に好ましくは0mgKOH/g)である付記35~42のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記44]分散剤(II)の平均分子量Mpは300以上(好ましくは1000以上(例えば、1000~100000)、より好ましくは3000以上(例えば、3000~10000))である付記35~43のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記45]分散剤(II)は、温度200℃の空気雰囲気下で180分間維持したときの質量減少率が30%以下(好ましくは25%以下、より好ましくは20%以下、さらに好ましくは15%以下)である付記35~44のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記46]分散剤(II)は酸性官能基を有する付記35~45のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記47]分散剤(II)は高級脂肪酸エステル分散剤である付記35~46のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記48]前記冷凍機油のSP値は6.0~12.0(cal/cm3)1/2である付記32~47のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記49]前記ナノダイヤモンド粒子は、ナノダイヤモンド粒子を表面修飾する、有機基を含有する表面修飾基を有する表面修飾ナノダイヤモンドである付記32~48のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記50]前記有機基は、炭素原子数が4以上(例えば4~25)、6以上(例えば6~22)、または炭素数8以上(例えば8~20)の有機基である付記49に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記51]前記表面修飾基は下記式(I)で表される基である付記49または50に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
-X-R (I)
[式(I)中、Xは連結基を示し、Xから左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。Rは、一価の有機基を示し、Xと結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
[付記52]前記式(I)で表される基は、下記式(1)で表される基またはポリグリセリン鎖を含む基である付記51に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
-X1-R1 (1)
[式(1)中、X1は、-O-Si-、-Si-、-NH-、-O-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-O-、-NH-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NH-、または-S-を示し、X1から左に伸びる結合手はナノダイヤモンドに結合する。R1は、置換または無置換の一価の炭化水素基を示し、X1と結合する原子が炭素原子である。]
[付記53]前記R1における炭素原子数は、4~25(好ましくは6~22、より好ましくは8~20)である付記52に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記54]冷凍機油(A)中において、ナノダイヤモンド粒子はナノメートルオーダーで分散している付記32~53のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記55]冷凍機油(A)中におけるナノダイヤモンド粒子の平均分散粒子径(D50、メディアン径)は、2~240nm(好ましくは4~200nm、より好ましくは5~100nm、さらに好ましくは10~70nm、特に好ましくは12~40nm)である付記32~54のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記56]冷凍機油(A)中のナノダイヤモンド粒子の含有割合は、冷凍機油(A)の総量に対して、1~10000質量ppm(好ましくは5~1000質量ppm、より好ましくは10~500質量ppm)である付記32~55のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記57]冷凍機油(A)中の分散剤の含有量は、ナノダイヤモンド粒子の総量100質量部に対して、100~10000質量部(好ましくは200~5000質量部、より好ましくは400~2000質量部)である付記32~56のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記58]冷凍機油(A)は極圧剤を含む付記32~57のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記59]極圧剤の含有割合は、冷凍機油(A)の総量に対して、0.001~5質量%(好ましくは0.005~3質量%)である付記58に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記60]前記冷凍機油(A)は、面圧2MPa、速度1.5m/sの条件におけるリングオンディスク摩擦試験において潤滑剤として用いた際の摩擦係数が0.08以下である、付記32~53のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記61]冷凍機の圧縮機用である付記32~60のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
[付記62]前記冷凍機は空調機器である付記32~61のいずれか1つに記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
Claims (9)
- 冷凍機油と、前記冷凍機油中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子と、分散剤とを含む冷凍機用組成物。
- 前記冷凍機油はポリビニルエーテル類、ポリオールエステル類、ポリアルキレングリコール類、アルキル化芳香族炭化水素化合物、または鉱油を含む請求項1に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
- 前記分散剤は、質量平均分子量が500以上であり且つアミン価が15mgKOH/g以上である分散剤(I)、および/または、脂肪酸エステル系分散剤(II)を含む、請求項1または2に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
- 前記冷凍機油のSP値は6.0~12.0(cal/cm3)1/2である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
- 面圧2MPa、速度1.5m/sの条件におけるリングオンディスク摩擦試験において潤滑剤として用いた際の摩擦係数が0.08以下である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
- 冷凍機の圧縮機用である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
- 前記冷凍機は空調機器である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の冷凍機用組成物。
- 基油と前記基油中に分散しているナノダイヤモンド粒子とを含む冷凍機油(A)と、冷媒(B)とを含む冷凍機用組成物キット。
- 前記冷凍機油(A)は、面圧2MPa、速度1.5m/sの条件におけるリングオンディスク摩擦試験において潤滑剤として用いた際の摩擦係数が0.08以下である、請求項8に記載の冷凍機用組成物キット。
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- 2022-05-11 WO PCT/JP2022/019979 patent/WO2022244665A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-05-11 US US18/561,350 patent/US20240240101A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-11 CN CN202280035227.2A patent/CN117321181A/zh active Pending
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