WO2020235420A1 - 発光粒子の製造方法、発光粒子、発光粒子分散体、インク組成物および発光素子 - Google Patents
発光粒子の製造方法、発光粒子、発光粒子分散体、インク組成物および発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020235420A1 WO2020235420A1 PCT/JP2020/019142 JP2020019142W WO2020235420A1 WO 2020235420 A1 WO2020235420 A1 WO 2020235420A1 JP 2020019142 W JP2020019142 W JP 2020019142W WO 2020235420 A1 WO2020235420 A1 WO 2020235420A1
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- light emitting
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- meth
- acrylate
- polymer
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- QLNOVKKVHFRGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical group [CH2]CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC QLNOVKKVHFRGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilicon Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)OC PZJJKWKADRNWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDJGQNJPALSQEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxido-1kappa(2)O,2kappaO-dinitrate(N--N)(2-) Chemical compound [O-]N([O-])N=O NDJGQNJPALSQEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001651 triphenylamine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SXXNJJQVBPWGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris[(4-methylquinolin-8-yl)oxy]alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=NC2=C1[O-].C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=NC2=C1[O-].C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=NC2=C1[O-] SXXNJJQVBPWGTP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- DJXRIQMCROIRCZ-XOEOCAAJSA-N vibegron Chemical compound C1([C@H]([C@@H]2N[C@H](CC=3C=CC(NC(=O)[C@H]4N5C(=O)C=CN=C5CC4)=CC=3)CC2)O)=CC=CC=C1 DJXRIQMCROIRCZ-XOEOCAAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C09K11/66—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing germanium, tin or lead
- C09K11/664—Halogenides
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- C09D11/00—Inks
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- H10K50/115—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising active inorganic nanostructures, e.g. luminescent quantum dots
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- H10K59/8792—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light comprising light absorbing layers, e.g. black layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing luminescent particles, luminescent particles, a luminescent particle dispersion, an ink composition, and a luminescent device.
- a common perovskite-type semiconductor nanocrystal is a compound represented by CsPbX 3 (X represents Cl, Br or I).
- the emission wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the abundance ratio of halogen atoms. Since this adjustment operation can be easily performed, the perovskite type semiconductor nanocrystal has a feature that the emission wavelength is more easily controlled and therefore the productivity is higher than that of the semiconductor nanocrystal such as InP. ..
- the perovskite type semiconductor nanocrystals have extremely excellent luminescence characteristics, but have a problem that they are easily destabilized by oxygen, moisture, heat and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the stability of perovskite-type semiconductor nanocrystals by some method.
- An object of the present invention is an luminescent particle having high stability while having a perovskite-type semiconductor nanocrystal having excellent luminescent characteristics, a method for producing the same, and a luminescent particle dispersion containing such luminescent particles, an ink composition, and luminescence.
- the purpose is to provide an element.
- a perovskite-type semiconductor nano having luminescence by mixing a solution containing a raw material compound for semiconductor nanocrystals and a solution containing a compound containing Si and having a reactive group capable of forming a siloxane bond.
- Step 1 to obtain the mother particles forming the surface layer
- a method for producing luminescent particles which comprises a step 2 of coating the surface of the mother particles with a hydrophobic polymer to form a polymer layer.
- the hydrophobic polymer is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent and becomes insoluble or sparingly soluble after polymerization together with a polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group soluble in a non-aqueous solvent on the surface of the mother particles.
- the method for producing a luminescent particle according to.
- the hydrophobic polymer is a polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group soluble in a non-aqueous solvent, and at least one polymerizable polymer that is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent and becomes insoluble or sparingly soluble after polymerization.
- An ink composition comprising the luminescent particles according to (9) or (10) above, a photopolymerizable compound, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- a light emitting device having a light emitting layer containing the light emitting particles according to the above (9) or (10).
- luminescent particles having excellent luminescent properties and high stability due to the presence of the surface layer and the polymer layer can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of luminescent particles of the present invention.
- the luminescent particles 90 shown in FIG. 1 are a perovskite-type semiconductor nanocrystal having luminescence (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “nanocrystal 911”) and a ligand coordinated on the surface of the nanocrystal 911.
- the luminescent particles 90 can exhibit high stability against oxygen, water, heat, etc. while maintaining excellent luminescent properties. ..
- the luminescent particles 90 are a perovskite type having luminescent properties by mixing a solution containing a raw material compound for semiconductor nanocrystals and a solution containing a compound containing Si and having a reactive group capable of forming a siloxane bond.
- the siloxane is formed on the surface of the semiconductor nanocrystals.
- a method comprising a step 1 of obtaining a mother particle having a surface layer having a bond and then a step 2 of coating the surface of the mother particle with a hydrophobic polymer to form a polymer layer (manufacturing of the light emitting element of the present invention). It can be manufactured by the method).
- the luminescent particles 91 obtained through step 1 are the mother particles in step 2 which is the next step, and also include nanocrystals 911 and a surface layer 912 covering the nanocrystals 911. have.
- the mother particle 91 itself can be used as a luminescent particle by itself.
- the nanocrystal 911 obtained through step 1 is a nano-sized crystal (nanocrystal particle) having a perovskite-type crystal structure, absorbing excitation light and emitting fluorescence or phosphorescence.
- the nanocrystal 911 is, for example, a crystal having a maximum particle size of 100 nm or less as measured by a transmission electron microscope or a scanning electron microscope.
- the nanocrystal 911 can be excited by, for example, light energy or electrical energy of a predetermined wavelength and emit fluorescence or phosphorescence.
- the nanocrystal 911 having a perovskite-type crystal structure is a compound represented by the general formula: A a M b X c .
- A is at least one of an organic cation and a metal cation.
- the organic cation include ammonium, formamidinium, guanidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, protonated thiourea and the like, and examples of the metal cation include cations such as Cs, Rb, K, Na and Li.
- M is at least one metal cation.
- Metal cations include Ag, Au, Bi, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Eu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, In, Ir, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Os. , Pb, Pd, Pt, Re, Rh, Ru, Sb, Sm, Sn, Sr, Te, Ti, V, W, Zn, Zr and the like.
- X is at least one anion. Examples of the anion include chloride ion, bromide ion, iodide ion, cyanide ion and the like.
- a is 1 to 4
- b is 1 to 2
- c is 3 to 9.
- the emission wavelength (emission color) of such nanocrystals 911 can be controlled by adjusting the particle size, the type and abundance ratio of anions constituting the X-site.
- the nanocrystal 911 using Pb as M such as CsPbBr 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , CHN 2 H 4 PbBr 3 and the like is excellent in light intensity and quantum efficiency. ,preferable.
- nanocrystals 911 using a metal cation other than Pb as M such as CsPbBr 3 , CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 , CHN 2 H 4 PbBr 3, etc. are preferable because they have low toxicity and have little impact on the environment. ..
- the nanocrystal 911 may be a red light emitting crystal that emits light having an emission peak in the wavelength range of 605 to 665 nm (red light), and may emit light having an emission peak in the wavelength range of 500 to 560 nm (green light). It may be a green luminescent crystal that emits light, or may be a blue luminescent crystal that emits light (blue light) having an emission peak in the wavelength range of 420 to 480 nm. Further, in one embodiment, a combination of these nanocrystals may be used.
- the wavelength of the emission peak of the nanocrystal 911 can be confirmed, for example, in the fluorescence spectrum or the phosphorescence spectrum measured by using an absolute PL quantum yield measuring device.
- the red-emitting nanocrystals 911 are 665 nm or less, 663 nm or less, 660 nm or less, 658 nm or less, 655 nm or less, 653 nm or less, 651 nm or less, 650 nm or less, 647 nm or less, 645 nm or less, 643 nm or less, 640 nm or less, 637 nm or less, 635 nm or less.
- an emission peak in a wavelength range of 632 nm or less or 630 nm or less it is preferable to have an emission peak in a wavelength range of 628 nm or more, 625 nm or more, 623 nm or more, 620 nm or more, 615 nm or more, 610 nm or more, 607 nm or more or 605 nm or more.
- 628 nm or more 625 nm or more, 623 nm or more, 620 nm or more, 615 nm or more, 610 nm or more, 607 nm or more or 605 nm or more.
- Green luminescent nanocrystals 911 have emission peaks in the wavelength range of 560 nm or less, 557 nm or less, 555 nm or less, 550 nm or less, 547 nm or less, 545 nm or less, 543 nm or less, 540 nm or less, 537 nm or less, 535 nm or less, 532 nm or less or 530 nm or less.
- an emission peak in the wavelength range of 528 nm or more, 525 nm or more, 523 nm or more, 520 nm or more, 515 nm or more, 510 nm or more, 507 nm or more, 505 nm or more, 503 nm or more, or 500 nm or more.
- Blue luminescent nanocrystals 911 have emission peaks in the wavelength range of 480 nm or less, 477 nm or less, 475 nm or less, 470 nm or less, 467 nm or less, 465 nm or less, 463 nm or less, 460 nm or less, 457 nm or less, 455 nm or less, 452 nm or less or 450 nm or less.
- an emission peak in a wavelength range of 450 nm or more, 445 nm or more, 440 nm or more, 435 nm or more, 430 nm or more, 428 nm or more, 425 nm or more, 422 nm or more, or 420 nm or more.
- the shape of the nanocrystal 911 is not particularly limited, and may be any geometric shape or any irregular shape.
- Examples of the shape of the nanocrystal 911 include a rectangular parallelepiped shape, a cube shape, a spherical shape, a regular tetrahedron shape, an ellipsoidal shape, a pyramid shape, a disc shape, a branch shape, a net shape, and a rod shape.
- the shape of the nanocrystal 911 is preferably a shape having little directionality (for example, a spherical shape, a regular tetrahedron shape, etc.).
- the average particle size (volume average diameter) of the nanocrystals 911 is preferably 40 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less, and even more preferably 20 nm or less.
- the average particle size of the nanocrystals 911 is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 1.5 nm or more, and even more preferably 2 nm or more. Nanocrystals 911 having such an average particle size are preferable because they easily emit light having a desired wavelength.
- the average particle size of the nanocrystals 911 can be obtained by measuring with a transmission electron microscope or a scanning electron microscope and calculating the volume average diameter.
- the nanocrystal 911 has a surface atom that can serve as a coordination site, and therefore has high reactivity. Since the nanocrystals 911 have such high reactivity and have a large surface area as compared with general pigments, they are likely to cause aggregation in the ink composition. The nanocrystal 911 emits light due to the quantum size effect. Therefore, when the nanocrystals 911 aggregate, a quenching phenomenon occurs, which causes a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield and a decrease in brightness and color reproducibility.
- the luminescent particles 90 are unlikely to aggregate even when the ink composition is prepared, and the emission characteristics are less likely to deteriorate due to the aggregation. ..
- the surface layer 912 obtained through step 1 is composed of a ligand capable of coordinating with the surface of the nanocrystal 911 and capable of forming a siloxane bond between the molecules.
- a ligand is a compound containing Si and having a reactive group forming a siloxane bond. It is preferable that this compound further has a binding group that binds to the cation contained in the nanocrystal 911.
- a hydrolyzable silyl group such as a silanol group or an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable because a siloxane bond is easily formed.
- the binding group examples include a carboxyl group, an amino group, an ammonium group, a mercapto group, a phosphine group, a phosphine oxide group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a phosphinic acid group, a sulfonic acid group and a boronic acid group. .. Among them, the binding group is preferably at least one of a carboxyl group, a mercapto group and an amino group. These binding groups have a higher affinity for the cations contained in nanocrystal 911 than the above-mentioned reactive groups. Therefore, the ligand can coordinate with the binding group on the nanocrystal 911 side, and can more easily and surely form the surface layer 912.
- one or more silicon compounds containing a binding group may be contained, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- any one of a carboxyl group-containing silicon compound, an amino group-containing silicon compound, and a mercapto group-containing silicon compound can be contained, or two or more of them can be used in combination.
- Specific examples of the carboxyl group-containing silicon compound include 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propionic acid, 3- (triethoxysilyl) propionic acid, 2-, carboxyethylphenylbis (2-methoxyethoxy) silane, and N-.
- amino group-containing silicon compound examples include, for example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-.
- mercapto group-containing silicon compound examples include 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 2-mercaptoethyl.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the mother particle 91.
- the mother particle 91 shown in FIG. 1 is formed by coordinating 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane as a ligand on the surface of nanocrystal 911 containing a Pb cation as an M site to form a surface layer 912.
- the thickness of the surface layer 912 is preferably 0.5 to 50 nm, more preferably 1.0 to 30 nm.
- the luminescent particles 90 (mother particles 91) having the surface layer 912 having such a thickness can sufficiently enhance the heat stability of the nanocrystals 911.
- the thickness of the surface layer 912 can be changed by adjusting the number of atoms (chain length) of the linking structure that connects the binding group and the reactive group of the ligand.
- Such a mother particle 91 is obtained by mixing a solution containing the raw material compound of the nanocrystal 911 and a solution containing a compound containing Si and having a reactive group capable of forming a siloxane bond, and then precipitating the nanocrystal 911. It can be easily produced by condensing a reactive group liganded on the surface. At this time, there are a method of manufacturing by heating and a method of manufacturing without heating.
- a solution containing two raw material compounds for synthesizing semiconductor nanocrystals by a reaction is prepared.
- a compound containing Si and having a reactive group capable of forming a siloxane bond is added to either of the two solutions.
- These are then mixed under an inert gas atmosphere and reacted under temperature conditions of 140-260 ° C.
- a method of precipitating nanocrystals by cooling to ⁇ 20 to 30 ° C. and stirring can be mentioned.
- the precipitated nanocrystals have a surface layer 912 having a siloxane bond formed on the surface of the nanocrystals 911, and the nanocrystals can be obtained by a conventional method such as centrifugation.
- a solution containing cesium carbonate and oleic acid as an organic solvent is prepared.
- the organic solvent 1-octadecene, dioctyl ether, diphenyl ether and the like can be used.
- the obtained solution is dried under reduced pressure at 90 to 150 ° C. for 10 to 180 minutes, and then heated to 100 to 200 ° C. in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen to obtain a cesium-oleic acid solution.
- the above-mentioned cesium-oleic acid solution is added in a state where the solution containing lead (II) bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is heated to 140 to 260 ° C., and the reaction is carried out by heating and stirring for 1 to 10 seconds. After that, the obtained reaction solution is cooled in an ice bath. At this time, it is preferable to add 0.1 to 1 mL of the cesium-oleic acid solution to 5 mL of the solution containing lead (II) bromide and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. During stirring at ⁇ 20 to 30 ° C., nanocrystals 911 are precipitated, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and oleic acid are coordinated on the surface of the nanocrystals 911.
- reaction solution is stirred at room temperature (10 to 30 ° C., humidity 5 to 60%) for 5 to 300 minutes in the air, and then 0.1 to 50 mL of ethanol is added to prepare a suspension. obtain.
- the alkoxysilyl group of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is condensed during stirring at room temperature in the air to form a surface layer 912 having a siloxane bond on the surface of the nanocrystal 911.
- a surface layer 912 having a siloxane bond is provided on the surface of the nanocrystal 911 made of lead cesium tribromide.
- a mother particle dispersion liquid in which the mother particles 91 are dispersed in toluene can be obtained.
- a solution containing a raw material compound for semiconductor nanocrystals and a solution containing a compound containing Si and having a reactive group capable of forming a siloxane bond were mixed under the atmosphere, and then the obtained mixture was applied to the nanocrystals.
- a method of precipitating nanocrystals by adding to a large amount of organic solvent which is a poor solvent can be mentioned.
- the amount of the organic solvent used is preferably 10 to 1000 times the mass of the semiconductor nanocrystals.
- the precipitated nanocrystals have a surface layer 912 having a siloxane bond formed on the surface of the nanocrystals 911, and the nanocrystals can be obtained by a conventional method such as centrifugation.
- a solution containing a raw material compound for semiconductor nanocrystals for example, a solution containing lead (II) bromide and methylamine hydrobromic acid salt as an organic solvent is prepared.
- the organic solvent may be a good solvent for nanocrystals, but dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformamide, and a mixed solvent thereof are preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility.
- a solution containing a compound containing Si and having a reactive group capable of forming a siloxane bond for example, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, oleic acid, and a poor solvent are prepared.
- the poor solvent isopropyl alcohol, toluene, hexane and the like can be used.
- the amount of each addition may be adjusted so that 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is 0.01 to 0.5 mL and oleic acid is 0.01 to 0.5 mL with respect to 5 mL of the poor solvent. preferable.
- nanocrystals 911 When the mixture is added to a large amount of negative solvent, nanocrystals 911 are precipitated and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and oleic acid are coordinated on the surface of the nanocrystals 911. Then, the alkoxysilyl group of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is condensed during stirring in the atmosphere, and a surface layer 912 having a siloxane bond is formed on the surface of the nanocrystal 911.
- mother particles 91 having a surface layer 912 having a siloxane bond on the surface of nanocrystals 911 made of methylammonium tribromide crystals are dispersed in toluene. Liquid can be obtained.
- Step 2 (Polymer layer forming step) >> Next, the surface of the mother particles 91 obtained in step 1 is coated with a hydrophobic polymer to form a polymer layer 92.
- a polymer layer 92 is a method of coating the surface of the mother particles 91 with a hydrophobic polymer by adding and mixing the mother particles 91 to a varnish containing a hydrophobic polymer, Method II: of the mother particles 91.
- a polymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group soluble in a non-aqueous solvent on the surface at least one polymerizable unsaturated monomer that is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent and becomes insoluble or sparingly soluble after polymerization is provided.
- it can be formed by a method such as polymerizing a polymer and a polymerizable unsaturated monomer.
- the hydrophobic polymer in Method I includes a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymer in Method II and the polymerizable unsaturated monomer.
- the polymer layer 92 is preferably formed by Method II. According to the method II, the polymer layer 92 having a uniform thickness can be formed on the mother particles 91 with high adhesion.
- the non-aqueous solvent used in this step is preferably an organic solvent capable of dissolving the hydrophobic polymer, and more preferably if the mother particles 91 can be uniformly dispersed.
- the hydrophobic polymer can be adsorbed on the mother particles 91 and the polymer layer 92 can be coated very easily.
- the non-aqueous solvent is a low dielectric constant solvent. By using a low dielectric constant solvent, the hydrophobic polymer is firmly adsorbed on the surface of the mother particles 91 and the polymer layer 92 is coated by simply mixing the hydrophobic polymer and the mother particles 91 in the non-aqueous solvent. Can be done.
- the polymer layer 92 thus obtained is difficult to be removed from the mother particles 91 even if the luminescent particles 90 are washed with a solvent.
- the dielectric constant of the non-aqueous solvent is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 6 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or less.
- Preferred non-aqueous solvents are an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and an alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent, and an organic solvent containing at least one of them is preferable.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent or the alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent examples include n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane and the like. Further, as long as the effect of the present invention is not impaired, a mixed solvent in which at least one of the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and the alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent is mixed with another organic solvent may be used as the non-aqueous solvent. Good.
- organic solvents examples include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, -n-butyl acetate and amyl acetate; acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl.
- Ketone solvents such as ketones, methylamyl ketones and cyclohexanones; alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol and the like can be mentioned.
- the amount of at least one of the aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and the alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more. preferable.
- polymer (P) has an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms.
- a macromonomer composed of a copolymer and the like are included.
- the alkyl (meth) acrylate (A) include n-butyl (meth) acrylate, i-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and isooctyl (meth) acrylate.
- examples of the fluorine-containing compound (B) having a polymerizable unsaturated group include a compound represented by the following general formula (B1).
- R 4 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or -C n H 2n- Rf'(where n is an integer of 1 to 8 Rf'is a group of any one of the following formulas (Rf-1) to (Rf-7)).
- L is a group of any one of the following formulas (L-1) to (L-10).
- N in the above formulas (L-1), (L-3), (L-5), (L-6) and (L-7) is an integer of 1 to 8.
- m is an integer of 1 to 8
- n is an integer of 0 to 8.
- Rf'' is one of the following formulas (Rf-1) to (Rf-7).
- Rf is a group of any one of the following formulas (Rf-1) to (Rf-7).
- N in the above formulas (Rf-1) to (Rf-4) is an integer of 4 to 6.
- m is an integer of 1 to 5 and n is an integer of 0 to 4.
- p is 0. It is an integer of ⁇ 4, and the sum of m, n, and p is 4 ⁇ 5.
- preferred specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (B1) are methacrylates represented by the following formulas (B1-1) to (B1-7), and the following (B1-8) to (B1-15). ), And the like. It should be noted that these compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the fluorine-containing compound (C) having a polymerizable unsaturated group include a compound having a poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain and a polymerizable unsaturated group at both ends thereof.
- the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain preferably has a structure in which divalent fluorocarbon groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and oxygen atoms are alternately linked.
- Such a poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain may contain only one type of divalent fluorocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or may contain a plurality of types.
- Specific examples of the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) include a structure represented by the following general formula (C1).
- X is the following formulas (C1-1) to (C1-5).
- the plurality of Xs may be the same or different.
- a plurality of the same repeating units XO may exist in a random or block shape.
- n is the number of repeating units and is an integer of 1 or more.
- the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain has a good balance between the number of fluorine atoms and the number of oxygen atoms, and the polymer (P) is easily entangled with the surface of the mother particle 91. Therefore, the above formula (C1-) A structure in which perfluoromethylene represented by 1) and perfluoroethylene represented by the above formula (C1-2) coexist is preferable. In this case, the abundance ratio of perfluoromethylene represented by the above formula (C1-1) and perfluoroethylene represented by the above formula (C1-2) is the molar ratio [perfluoromethylene (C1-1)).
- n in the general formula (C1) is preferably 3 to 100, more preferably 6 to 70.
- the total number of fluorine atoms contained in the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain is preferably 18 to 200, more preferably 25 to 150. In the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain having such a structure, the balance between the number of fluorine atoms and the number of oxygen atoms becomes even better.
- Examples of the raw material compound having a poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain before introducing a polymerizable unsaturated group at both ends include the following formulas (C2-1) to (C2-6).
- "-PFPE-" in the following formulas (C2-1) to (C2-6) is a poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain.
- Examples of the polymerizable unsaturated group introduced at both ends of the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain include structures represented by the following formulas U-1 to U-5.
- the acryloyloxy group represented by the above formula U-1 or the acryloyloxy group because of the ease of obtaining and producing the fluorine-containing compound (C) itself or the ease of copolymerization with other polymerizable unsaturated monomers.
- the methacryloyloxy group represented by the above formula U-2 is preferable.
- Specific examples of the fluorine-containing compound (C) include compounds represented by the following formulas (C-1) to (C-13).
- "-PFPE-" in the following formulas (C-1) to (C-13) is a poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain.
- the fluorine-containing compound (C) is represented by the above formulas (C-1), (C-2), (C-5) or (C-6) from the viewpoint of easy industrial production.
- Acryloyl is applied to both ends of the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain represented by the above formula (C-1) because a compound is preferable and a polymer (P) that is easily entangled with the surface of the mother particle 91 can be synthesized.
- a compound having a group or a compound having a methacryloyl group at both ends of the poly (perfluoroalkylene ether) chain represented by the above formula (C-2) is more preferable.
- Examples of compounds other than the alkyl (meth) acrylate (A) and the fluorine-containing compounds (B, C) that can be used as the polymerizable unsaturated monomer include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and pt-butyl.
- Aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene and vinyltoluene; such as benzyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylamino (meth) acrylate, diethylamino (meth) acrylate, dibromopropyl (meth) acrylate, tribromophenyl (meth) acrylate ( Meta) Acrylate compounds; diester compounds of unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid and monovalent alcohols, vinyl benzoate, such as "Beova” (vinyl ester manufactured by Shell, Netherlands). Vinyl ester compounds and the like can be mentioned.
- These compounds are preferably used as random copolymers with alkyl (meth) acrylates (A) or fluorine-containing compounds (B, C). Thereby, the solubility of the obtained polymer (P) in a non-aqueous solvent can be sufficiently enhanced.
- alkyl (meth) acrylate (A) having a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and lauryl methacrylate is used. It is preferable to use it.
- a copolymer of a polymerizable unsaturated monomer can be obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable unsaturated monomer by a conventional method. Further, by introducing a polymerizable unsaturated group into such a copolymer, a polymer (P) can be obtained.
- Examples of the method for introducing the polymerizable unsaturated group include the following methods I to IV.
- Method I a carboxylic acid group-containing polymerizable monomer such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and an amino group-containing polymerizable monomer such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and dimethylaminopropylacrylamide are previously blended as copolymerization components.
- a method in which a copolymer having a carboxylic acid group or an amino group is obtained by copolymerization, and then the carboxylic acid group or the amino group is reacted with a monomer having a glycidyl group such as glycidyl methacrylate and a polymerizable unsaturated group. Is.
- a hydroxyl group-containing monomer such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate is previously blended as a copolymerization component and copolymerized to obtain a copolymer having a hydroxyl group, and then isocyanate is added to this hydroxyl group. It is a method of reacting a monomer having an isocyanate group and a polymerizable unsaturated group such as ethyl methacrylate.
- Method III uses thioglycolic acid as a chain transfer agent during polymerization to introduce a carboxyl group at the end of the copolymer, and the carboxyl group has a glycidyl group such as glycidyl methacrylate and a polymerizable unsaturated group.
- This is a method of reacting a monomer.
- a carboxyl group-containing azo initiator such as azobiscyanopentanoic acid is used as the polymerization initiator to introduce a carboxyl group into the copolymer, and the carboxyl group is glycidyl group such as glycidyl methacrylate and polymerizable.
- This is a method of reacting a monomer having an unsaturated group.
- Method I is preferable because it is the simplest.
- polymerizable unsaturated monomer that is soluble in a non-aqueous solvent and becomes insoluble or sparingly soluble after polymerization
- polymerizable unsaturated monomer hereinafter, also referred to as “monomer (M)”
- M polymerizable unsaturated monomer
- vinyl-based monomers having no reactive polar group include, for example, methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, and i-propyl (meth) acrylate.
- examples thereof include (meth) acrylates, (meth) acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, olefins such as vinylidene fluoride and the like.
- amide bond-containing vinyl-based monomers include (meth) acrylamide, dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, Nt-butyl (meth) acrylamide, N-octyl (meth) acrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, and dimethylamino.
- examples thereof include propylacrylamide, alkoxylated N-methylolated (meth) acrylamides and the like.
- (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl phosphates include dialkyl [(meth) acryloyloxyalkyl] phosphates, (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl acid phosphates and the like.
- Specific examples of (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl phosphites include dialkyl [(meth) acryloyloxyalkyl] phosphites, (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl acid phosphites, and the like.
- the phosphorus atom-containing vinyl-based monomers include alkylene oxide adducts of the above (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl acid phosphates or (meth) acryloyloxyalkyl acid phosphates, glycidyl (meth) acrylates, and the like.
- Examples thereof include ester compounds of an epoxy group-containing vinyl monomer such as methylglycidyl (meth) acrylate and phosphoric acid, phosphite or acidic esters thereof, 3-chloro-2-acid phosphoxypropyl (meth) acrylate and the like. Be done.
- hydroxyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomers include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-hydroxybutyl ( Meta) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, di-2-hydroxyethyl fumarate, mono-2-hydroxyethyl Hydroxyalkyl esters of polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acids such as monobutyl fumarate, polypropylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate or adducts of these with ⁇ -caprolactone; (meth) acrylic acid , Crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid and other unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids
- dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates include dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate and diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate.
- Specific examples of the epoxy group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomer include an equimolar adduct of a polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acid, a hydroxyl group-containing vinyl monomer and the anhydride of the polycarboxylic acid (mono-2- (mono-2- ().
- Epoxy group-containing polymerization obtained by adding various polyepoxy compounds having at least two epoxy groups in one molecule to various unsaturated carboxylic acids such as meta) acryloyloxymonoethylphthalate) at an equimolar ratio.
- unsaturated carboxylic acids such as meta) acryloyloxymonoethylphthalate
- examples thereof include sex compounds, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, ( ⁇ -methyl) glucidyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) allyl glucidyl ether.
- isocyanate group-containing ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated monomers include an equimolar adduct of 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isocyanate ethyl (meth) acrylate.
- examples thereof include monomers having an isocyanate group and a vinyl group.
- alkoxysilyl group-containing polymerizable unsaturated monomers include silicon-based monomers such as vinylethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and trimethylsiloxyethyl (meth) acrylate. Be done.
- carboxyl group-containing ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenic unsaturated monomers include unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids such as (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and citraconic acid.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -Ethenyl unsaturated carboxylic acids such as monoesters of acids, dicarboxylic acids and monovalent alcohols; 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl ( Meta) acrylate, 2-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, di-2-hydroxyethyl ⁇ , ⁇ -Unsaturated carboxylic acid hydroalkyl esters such as fumarate, mono-2-hydroxyethyl-monobutyl fumarate, polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate and maleic acid, succinic acid, phthalic acid, hexahydrophthal.
- carboxylic acids such as monoesters of acids, dicarboxylic acids and monovalent alcohols
- polycarboxylic acids such as acids, tetrahydrophthalic acids, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, "hymic acids”, tetrachlorophthalic acids and dodecynylsuccinic acids with anhydrides.
- the monomer (M) is preferably an alkyl (meth) acrylate having an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, such as methyl (meth) acrylate and ethyl (meth) acrylate.
- the polymer (P) and the monomer (M) are polymerized, at least one of functional groups such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a hydroxyl group and a dimethylamino group It is preferable to copolymerize the polymerizable unsaturated monomer having.
- the adhesion of the polymer layer (polymer layer 92) to the surface of the mother particles 91 can be improved by enhancing the interaction with the siloxane bond.
- the hydrophobic polymer (polymer (P)) is crosslinked.
- the polyfunctional polymerizable unsaturated monomer that can be used as a cross-linking component include divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and polyethylene glycol di.
- examples thereof include triethoxytri (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropantri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, and allyl methacrylate.
- polymerizable unsaturated monomers may be copolymerized as long as the obtained hydrophobic polymer is not dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
- examples of other polymerizable unsaturated monomers include the above-mentioned alkyl (meth) acrylate (A), fluorine-containing compounds (B, C), and polymerizable unsaturated monomers for polymers (P) that can be used in addition to these. Examples thereof include compounds exemplified as monomers.
- the polymer layer 92 is formed by polymerizing the monomer (M) in the presence of the mother particles 91, a non-aqueous solvent and the polymer (P).
- the mother particle 91 and the polymer (P) are preferably mixed before the polymerization is carried out.
- a homogenizer, a dispenser, a bead mill, a paint shaker, a kneader, a roll mill, a ball mill, an attritor, a sand mill and the like can be used.
- the form of the mother particles 91 used is not particularly limited and may be any of slurry, wet cake, powder and the like.
- the monomer (M) and the polymerization initiator described later are further mixed and polymerized to obtain the polymer (P) and the monomer (M).
- a polymer layer 92 composed of the polymer of the above is formed. As a result, the luminescent particles 90 are obtained.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer (P) is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 200,000, and more preferably 3,000 to 100,000. Is even more preferable.
- the surface of the mother particles 91 can be satisfactorily coated with the polymer layer 92.
- the amount of the polymer (P) used is appropriately set according to the intended purpose and is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mother particle 91. Is more preferable, and it is more preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and further preferably 2 to 35 parts by mass.
- the amount of the monomer (M) used is also appropriately set according to the purpose and is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.5 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the mother particle 91. It is preferably 1 to 35 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 30 parts by mass.
- the amount of the hydrophobic polymer finally covering the surface of the mother particle 91 is preferably 1 to 60 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 50 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the mother particle 91. It is preferable, and it is more preferably 3 to 40 parts by mass. In this case, the amount of the monomer (M) is usually preferably 10 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer (P). , 50-80 parts by mass is more preferable.
- the thickness of the polymer layer 92 is preferably 0.5 to 100 nm, more preferably 0.7 to 50 nm, and even more preferably 1 to 30 nm.
- the thickness of the polymer layer 92 is less than 0.5 nm, dispersion stability is often not obtained. If the thickness of the polymer layer 92 exceeds 100 nm, it is often difficult to contain the mother particles 91 at a high concentration. By coating the mother particles 91 with the polymer layer 92 having such a thickness, the stability of the luminescent particles 90 with respect to oxygen and moisture can be further improved.
- the polymerization of the monomer (M) in the presence of the mother particles 91, the non-aqueous solvent and the polymer (P) can be carried out by a known polymerization method, but is preferably carried out in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator include dimethyl-2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionate), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), and benzoyl.
- polymerization initiators examples thereof include peroxide, t-butylperbenzoate, t-butyl-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylhydroperoxide, di-t-butylperoxide, cumenehydroperoxide and the like.
- These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerization initiator which is sparingly soluble in a non-aqueous solvent, is preferably added to a mixed solution containing the mother particles 91 and the polymer (P) in a state of being dissolved in the monomer (M).
- the monomer (M) or the monomer (M) in which the polymerization initiator is dissolved may be added to the mixed solution having reached the polymerization temperature by a dropping method to polymerize, but at room temperature before the temperature rise. It is stable and preferable to add it to the mixed solution, mix it sufficiently, and then raise the temperature to polymerize it.
- the polymerization temperature is preferably in the range of 60 to 130 ° C, more preferably in the range of 70 to 100 ° C.
- the polymer not adsorbed on the surface of the mother particles 91 is removed to obtain luminescent particles 90.
- Examples of the method for removing the polymer that has not been adsorbed include centrifugal sedimentation and ultrafiltration. In the centrifugal sedimentation, the dispersion liquid containing the mother particles 91 and the unadsorbed polymer is rotated at high speed to settle the mother particles 91 in the dispersion liquid, and the unadsorbed polymer is separated.
- a dispersion containing the mother particles 91 and the non-adsorbed polymer is diluted with an appropriate solvent, and the diluted solution is passed through a filtration membrane having an appropriate pore size to pass the unadsorbed polymer and the mother particles 91. And separate.
- the luminescent particles 90 are obtained.
- the luminescent particles 90 may be stored in a state of being dispersed in a dispersion medium or a photopolymerizable compound (that is, as a dispersion liquid), or the dispersion medium may be removed and stored as a powder (aggregate of luminescent particles 90 alone). You may.
- the luminescent particle dispersion of the present invention contains luminescent particles 90 and a dispersion medium for dispersing the luminescent particles 90. It is also possible to use the luminescent particle dispersion of the present invention and the above-mentioned mother particle 91 as luminescent particles, and to contain the luminescent particles and a dispersion medium for dispersing the luminescent particles.
- Dispersion medium for example, aromatic solvents such as toluene, xylene and methoxybenzene; acetate solvents such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate; Propionate solvents such as ethoxyethyl propionate; alcohol solvents such as methanol and ethanol; ether solvents such as butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone Ketone solvents such as; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as hexane; nitrogen compound solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, ⁇ -butyrolactam, N-methyl
- the dispersion medium should be a non-polar or low-polarity solvent such as an aromatic solvent, an acetate ester solvent, a ketone solvent, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent from the viewpoint of maintaining the light emitting characteristics of the luminescent particles.
- a non-polar or low-polarity solvent such as an aromatic solvent, an acetate ester solvent, a ketone solvent, or an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent from the viewpoint of maintaining the light emitting characteristics of the luminescent particles.
- an aromatic solvent or an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent is more preferable.
- the ink composition of the present invention contains luminescent particles 90, a photopolymerizable compound that disperses the luminescent particles 90, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the ink composition of the present invention may have the above-mentioned mother particles 91 as luminescent particles, and may contain the luminescent particles, a photopolymerizable compound that disperses the luminescent particles, and a photopolymerization initiator. It is possible.
- the amount of the luminescent particles 90 contained in the ink composition is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 45% by mass, and even more preferably 20 to 40% by mass.
- the ejection stability of the ink composition can be further improved when the ink composition is ejected by the inkjet printing method.
- the light emitting particles 90 are less likely to aggregate with each other, and the external quantum efficiency of the obtained light emitting layer (light conversion layer) can be increased.
- the photopolymerizable compound contained in the ink composition of the present invention is preferably a photoradical polymerizable compound that polymerizes by irradiation with light, and may be a photopolymerizable monomer or oligomer. These are used with photopolymerization initiators.
- One type of photopolymerizable compound may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination. Examples of the photoradical polymerizable compound include (meth) acrylate compounds.
- the (meth) acrylate compound may be a monofunctional (meth) acrylate having one (meth) acryloyl group, or may be a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate having a plurality of (meth) acryloyl groups.
- Monofunctional (meth) acrylate from the viewpoint of excellent fluidity when preparing an ink composition, excellent ejection stability, and suppressing deterioration of smoothness due to curing shrinkage during production of a luminescent particle coating film.
- polyfunctional (meth) acrylate are preferably used in combination.
- Examples of the monofunctional (meth) acrylate include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, amyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and octyl.
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate may be a bifunctional (meth) acrylate, a trifunctional (meth) acrylate, a tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate, a pentafunctional (meth) acrylate, a hexafunctional (meth) acrylate, or the like.
- a di (meth) acrylate in which two hydroxyl groups of a diol compound are substituted with a (meth) acryloyloxy group and a di or tri (meth) acrylate in which two or three hydroxyl groups of a triol compound are substituted with a (meth) acryloyloxy group. And so on.
- bifunctional (meth) acrylate examples include 1,3-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, and 1,5-pentanediol di (meth) acrylate.
- Di (meth) acrylate substituted with an oxy group Two hydroxyl groups of a diol obtained by adding 4 mol or more of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to 1 mol of neopentyl glycol were substituted with a (meth) acryloyloxy group.
- Di (meth) acrylate Di (meth) acrylate in which two hydroxyl groups of a diol obtained by adding 2 mol of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to 1 mol of bisphenol A are substituted with a (meth) acryloyloxy group, 1 mol.
- Di (meth) acrylate in which two hydroxyl groups of triol obtained by adding 3 mol or more of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide to trimethylolpropane in the above was substituted with a (meth) acryloyloxy group, and 4 mol in 1 mol of bisphenol A.
- Examples thereof include di (meth) acrylate in which the two hydroxyl groups of the above ethylene oxide or the diol obtained by adding the propylene oxide are substituted with (meth) acryloyloxy groups.
- trifunctional (meth) acrylate examples include, for example, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, glycerin triacrylate, pentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, and 1 mol of trimethylolpropane with 3 mol or more of ethylene oxide or propylene.
- examples thereof include tri (meth) acrylate in which the three hydroxyl groups of triol obtained by adding an oxide are substituted with a (meth) acryloyloxy group.
- tetrafunctional (meth) acrylate examples include pentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate and the like.
- pentafunctional (meth) acrylate examples include dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate and the like.
- hexafunctional (meth) acrylate examples include dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate and the like.
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate may be a poly (meth) acrylate in which a plurality of hydroxyl groups of dipentaerythritol such as dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate are substituted with (meth) acryloyloxy groups.
- the (meth) acrylate compound may be ethylene oxide-modified phosphoric acid (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide-modified alkyl phosphoric acid (meth) acrylate, or the like, which has a phosphoric acid group.
- the photopolymerizable compound as described above contains a polymerizable functional group in one molecule. It is more preferable to use a bifunctional or higher polyfunctional photopolymerizable compound having two or more as an essential component because the durability (strength, heat resistance, etc.) of the cured product can be further enhanced.
- the amount of the photopolymerizable compound contained in the ink composition is preferably 40 to 80% by mass, more preferably 45 to 75% by mass, and even more preferably 50 to 70% by mass.
- the amount of the photopolymerizable compound contained in the ink composition in the above range, the dispersed state of the luminescent particles 90 in the obtained light emitting layer (light conversion layer) becomes good, and thus the external quantum efficiency is improved. It can be even higher.
- the photopolymerization initiator in the ink composition used in the present invention is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkylphenone compounds, acylphosphine oxide compounds and oxime ester compounds.
- alkylphenone-based photopolymerization initiator include compounds represented by the formula (b-1). (In the formula, R1a represents a group selected from the following formulas (R 1a -1) to (R 1a- 6), and R 2a , R 2b and R 2c are independently of the following formula (R 2). -1) to (. represents a group selected from R 2 -7))
- the compounds represented by the following formulas (b-1-1) to (b-1-6) are preferable, and the following formula (b-1) is preferable.
- the compound represented by the formula (b-1-5) or the formula (b-1-6) is more preferable.
- Examples of the acylphosphine oxide-based photopolymerization initiator include compounds represented by the formula (b-2).
- R 24 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group
- R 25 and R 26 each independently represent an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an alkanoyl group. May be substituted with an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfon group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an arylthio group.
- the compounds represented by the following formulas (b-2-1) to (b-2-5) are preferable, and the following formula (b-2) is preferable.
- a compound represented by -1) or the formula (b-2-5) is more preferable.
- Examples of the oxime ester-based photopolymerization initiator include compounds represented by the following formula (b-3-1) or formula (b-3-2).
- R 27 to R 31 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a cyclic, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group, and each alkyl group and phenyl group. May be substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and a phenyl group, X 1 represents an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, and X 2 represents oxygen. It represents an atom or NR, and R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.)
- the blending amount of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 8% by mass, based on the total amount of the photopolymerizable compounds contained in the ink composition. It is preferably 1 to 6% by mass, and more preferably 1 to 6% by mass.
- the photopolymerization initiator one type may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed and used.
- An ink composition containing a photopolymerization initiator in such an amount maintains sufficient photosensitivity at the time of photocuring, and crystals of the photopolymerization initiator are less likely to precipitate when the coating film is dried, thus deteriorating the physical properties of the coating film. It can be suppressed.
- the photopolymerization initiator When the photopolymerization initiator is dissolved in the ink composition, it is preferably dissolved in the photopolymerizable compound in advance before use. In order to dissolve the photopolymerizable compound, it is preferable to uniformly dissolve the photopolymerizable compound by adding a photopolymerization initiator while stirring so that the reaction due to heat is not started.
- the dissolution temperature of the photopolymerization initiator may be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the solubility of the photopolymerization initiator used in the photopolymerizable compound and the thermal polymerizable property of the photopolymerizable compound, but the polymerization of the photopolymerizable compound may be appropriately adjusted.
- the temperature is preferably 10 to 50 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C., and even more preferably 10 to 30 ° C. from the viewpoint of not starting the polymerization.
- the ink composition used in the present invention may contain components other than the luminescent particles 90, the photopolymerizable compound, and the photopolymerization initiator as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- examples of such other components include polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, dispersants, leveling agents, chain transfer agents, dispersion aids, thermoplastic resins, sensitizers, light scattering particles and the like.
- Polymerization inhibitor examples include p-methoxyphenol, cresol, t-butylcatechol, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, and 2,2'-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-t-).
- N-nitrosodiphenylamine N-nitrosophenylnaphthylamine, N-nitrosodinaftylamine, p-nitrosophenol, Nitrosobenzene, p-nitrosodiphenylamine, ⁇ -nitroso- ⁇ -naphthol, N, N-dimethyl-p-nitrosoaniline, p-nitrosodiphenylamine, p-nitronodimethylamine, p-nitroso-N, N-diethylamine, N- Nitrosoethanolamine, N-nitrosodi-n
- antioxidant examples include pentaerythritol tetrakis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (“IRGANOX1010”)) and thiodiethylenebis [3- (3,5-di-).
- the dispersant is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of improving the dispersion stability of the luminescent particles 90 in the ink composition. Dispersants are classified into low molecular weight dispersants and high molecular weight dispersants. In the present specification, "small molecule” means a molecule having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 5,000 or less, and “polymer” means a molecule having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of more than 5,000. Means. In addition, in this specification, a value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using polystyrene as a standard substance can be adopted as "weight average molecular weight (Mw)".
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- low molecular weight dispersants include oleic acid; triethyl phosphate, TOP (trioctylphosphine), TOPO (trioctylphosphin oxide), hexylphosphonic acid (HPA), tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA), and octylphosphine.
- Phosphonate-containing compounds such as acid (OPA); nitrogen atom-containing compounds such as oleylamine, octylamine, trioctylamine, hexadecylamine; sulfur atoms such as 1-decanethiol, octanethiol, dodecanethiol, amylsulfide. Examples include contained compounds.
- the polymer dispersant includes, for example, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polyether resin, phenol resin, silicone resin, polyurea resin, amino resin, and polyamine resin.
- Resins polyethyleneimine, polyallylamine, etc.
- epoxy resins polyimide resins
- wood rosins gum rosins
- natural rosins such as tall oil rosin
- polymerized rosins such as tall oil rosin
- disproportionated rosins hydrogenated rosins
- oxide rosins oxide rosins
- maleated rosins maleated rosins.
- polymer dispersants include, for example, DISPERBYK series manufactured by Big Chemie, TEGO Dispers series manufactured by Evonik, EFKA series manufactured by BASF, SOLSPERSE series manufactured by Japan Lubrizol, and Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd. Ajispar series, DISPARLON series manufactured by Kusumoto Kasei, Floren series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., etc. can be used.
- the blending amount of the dispersant is preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the luminescent particles 90.
- the leveling agent is not particularly limited, but a compound capable of reducing film thickness unevenness when forming a thin film of luminescent particles 90 is preferable.
- leveling agents include alkyl carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl sulfonates, fluoroalkyl carboxylates, fluoroalkyl phosphates, fluoroalkyl sulfonates, polyoxyethylene derivatives, and fluoroalkyl ethylene oxide derivatives. , Polyethylene glycol derivatives, alkylammonium salts, fluoroalkylammonium salts and the like.
- leveling agent examples include, for example, "Mega Fvck F-114", “Mega Fvck F-251", “Mega Fvck F-281”, “Mega Fvck F-410", “Mega Fvck F-430", “Mega Fvck F-444", “Mega Fvck F-472SF", “Mega Fvck F-477”, “Mega Fvck F-510", “Mega Fvck F-511”, “Mega Fvck F-552”, “Mega “Fuck F-553”, “Mega Fvck F-554”, “Mega Fvck F-555”, “Mega Fvck F-556”, “Mega Fvck F-557”, “Mega Fvck F-558”, “Mega Fvck F” -559 “,” Mega Fvck F-560 “,” Mega Fvck F-561 “,” Mega Fvck F-562 “,” Mega Fvck F-563 “,” Mega Fvck F-565 “,” Mega Fvck F-567 “ , “Mega Fvck
- leveling agent examples include, for example, "Futagent 100", “Futagent 100C", “Futagent 110", “Futagent 150”, “Futagent 150CH”, “Futagent 100A-K”, “Futagent 300", “Futagent 310", “Futagent 320”, “Futagent 400SW”, “Futagent 251”, “Futagent 215M”, “Futagent 212M”, “Futagent 215M”, “Futtergent” “Gent 250", “Futagent 222F”, “Futagent 212D”, “FTX-218”, “Futagent 209F”, “Futagent 245F”, “Futagent 208G”, “Futagent 240G”, “Futagent 212P” , “Futagent 220P”, “Futagent 228P”, “DFX-18”, “Futagent 601AD”, “Futagent 602A”, “Futagent 650
- leveling agent examples include, for example, "BYK-300”, “BYK-302”, “BYK-306”, “BYK-307”, “BYK-310", “BYK-315”, “BYK”. -320 “,” BYK-322 “,” BYK-323 “,” BYK-325 “,” BYK-330 “,” BYK-331 “,” BYK-333 “,” BYK-337 “,” BYK-340 “ , “BYK-344”, “BYK-370”, “BYK-375”, “BYK-377”, “BYK-350”, “BYK-352”, “BYK-354”, “BYK-355”, “BYK-356", “BYK-358N”, “BYK-361N”, “BYK-390”, “BYK-392”, “BYK-UV3500”, “BYK-UV3510", “BYK” -UV3570 “,” BYK
- leveling agent for example, "TEGO Rad2100”, “TEGO Rad2011”, “TEGO Rad2200N”, “TEGO Rad2250”, “TEGO Rad2300”, “TEGO Rad2500”, “TEGO Rad2600”, “TEGOR” , “TEGO Rad2700”, “TEGO Flow300”, “TEGO Flow370”, “TEGO Flow425", “TEGO Flow ATF2”, “TEGO Flow ZFS460”, “TEGO Glide100”, “TEGOGlide100”, “TEGOGlide100”, “TEGOGlide100” TEGO Glide 410, “TEGO Glide 411", “TEGO Glide 415", “TEGO Glide 432”, “TEGO Glide 440", “TEGO Glide 450”, “TEGO Glide 482”, “TEGO Glide 482”, “TEGO Glide 482”, “TEGO Glide 482”, “TEGO Glide 482”, “TEGO Glide 482”, “TEGO Gl
- leveling agent examples include, for example, "FC-4430", “FC-4432” (above, manufactured by 3M Japan Ltd.), “Unidyne NS” (above, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.); “Surflon S”. -241 ",” Surfron S-242 “,” Surfron S-243 “,” Surfron S-420 “,” Surfron S-611 “,” Surfron S-651 “,” Surfron S-386 “(above, AGC Seimi) (Manufactured by Chemical Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- leveling agent examples include, for example, “DISPALLON OX-880EF”, “DISPALLON OX-881”, “DISPALLON OX-883", “DISPALLON OX-77EF”, “DISPALLON OX-710”, “DISPALLON 1922”.
- leveling agent examples include, for example, "PF-151N”, “PF-636”, “PF-6320”, “PF-656”, “PF-6520”, “PF-652-NF”, “PF-3320” (all manufactured by OMNOVA SOLUTIONS); “Polyflow No.7”, “Polyflow No.50E”, “Polyflow No.50EHF”, “Polyflow No.54N”, “Polyflow No.75”, “Polyflow No.75” “Polyflow No.77”, “Polyflow No.85”, “Polyflow No.85HF”, “Polyflow No.90”, “Polyflow No.90D-50", “Polyflow No.95”, “Polyflow No.99C”, “Polyflow KL-400K”, “Polyflow KL-400HF”, “Polyflow KL-401", “Polyflow KL-402”, “Polyflow KL-403", “Polyflow KL-404", “Polyflow KL-100”, “Polyflow KL-100” Polyflow LE-604 ",”
- leveling agent for example, "L-7001”, “L-7002”, “8032ADDITIVE”, “57ADDTIVE”, “L-7064”, “FZ-2110”, “FZ-2105”. , “67ADDTIVE”, “8616ADDTIVE” (all manufactured by Toray Dow Silicone Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the amount of the leveling agent added is preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of the photopolymerizable compounds contained in the ink composition. preferable.
- the chain transfer agent is a component used for the purpose of further improving the adhesion of the ink composition to the base material.
- Examples of the chain transfer agent include aromatic hydrocarbons; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon tetrabromide, and bromotrichloromethane; octyl mercaptans, n-butyl mercaptans, n-pentyl mercaptans, and the like.
- Mercaptan compounds such as n-hexadecyl mercaptan, n-tetradecylmel, n-dodecyl mercaptan, t-tetradecyl mercaptan, t-dodecyl mercaptan; hexanedithiol, decandiol, 1,4-butanediol bisthiopropionate , 1,4-Butanediol bisthioglycolate, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, ethylene glycol bisthiopropionate, trimethylolpropane tristhioglycolate, trimethylolpropanetristhiopropionate, trimethylolpropanetris (3) -Mercaptobutyrate), pentaerythritol tetraxthioglycolate, pentaerythritol tetraxthiopropionate, tristrimercaptopropionat
- chain transfer agent for example, compounds represented by the following general formulas (9-1) to (9-12) are preferable.
- R 95 represents an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms
- the alkyl group may be a be branched straight chain, one or more methylene groups in the alkyl group is an oxygen atom
- the amount of the chain transfer agent added is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1.0 to 5% by mass, based on the total amount of the photopolymerizable compounds contained in the ink composition. ..
- Dispersion aid examples include organic pigment derivatives such as phthalimide methyl derivatives, phthalimide sulfonic acid derivatives, phthalimide N- (dialkylamino) methyl derivatives, and phthalimide N- (dialkylaminoalkyl) sulfonic acid amide derivatives. These dispersion aids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Thermoplastic resin Examples of the thermoplastic resin include urethane resin, acrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, styrene maleic acid resin, styrene maleic anhydride resin, polyester acrylate resin and the like.
- Sensitizer amines that do not cause an addition reaction with the photopolymerizable compound can be used.
- examples of such sensitizers include trimethylamine, methyldimethanolamine, triethanolamine, p-diethylaminoacetophenone, ethyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, 4 , 4'-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone and the like.
- the light-scattering particles are preferably, for example, optically inactive inorganic fine particles.
- the light-scattering particles can scatter the light from the light source portion irradiated to the light emitting layer (light conversion layer).
- Materials constituting the light-scattering particles include, for example, simple metals such as tungsten, zirconium, titanium, platinum, bismuth, rhodium, palladium, silver, tin, platinum and gold; silica, barium sulfate, barium carbonate and calcium carbonate.
- a material constituting the light-scattering particles at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, alumina, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate and silica from the viewpoint of being more excellent in reducing leakage light. It preferably contains seeds, and more preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, barium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
- the ink composition as described above can be prepared by dispersing the luminescent particles 90 in a solution in which a photopolymerizable compound, a photopolymerization initiator and the like are mixed. Dispersion of the luminescent particles 90 can be performed by using, for example, a ball mill, a sand mill, a bead mill, a three-roll mill, a paint conditioner, an attritor, a dispersion stirrer, a disperser such as an ultrasonic wave.
- the viscosity of the ink composition used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 2 to 20 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 mPa ⁇ s, from the viewpoint of ejection stability during inkjet printing. It is more preferably in the range of ⁇ 12 mPa ⁇ s.
- ejection control of the ink composition (for example, control of the ejection amount and ejection timing) becomes easy.
- the ink composition can be smoothly ejected from the ink ejection holes.
- the viscosity of the ink composition can be measured by, for example, an E-type viscometer.
- the surface tension of the ink composition is preferably a surface tension suitable for the inkjet printing method.
- the specific value of the surface tension is preferably in the range of 20 to 40 mN / m, and more preferably in the range of 25 to 35 mN / m.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the light emitting device of the present invention
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are schematic views showing the configuration of an active matrix circuit, respectively.
- FIG. 2 for convenience, the dimensions of each part and their ratios are exaggerated and may differ from the actual ones.
- the materials, dimensions, etc. shown below are examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be appropriately changed without changing the gist thereof.
- the upper side of FIG. 2 is referred to as “upper side” or “upper side”, and the upper side is referred to as “lower side” or “lower side”.
- FIG. 2 in order to avoid complicating the drawing, the description of the hatching showing the cross section is omitted.
- the light emitting element 100 is arranged on a lower substrate 1, an EL light source unit 200 arranged on the lower substrate 1, and an EL light source unit 200, and is an optical conversion layer (light emitting) containing light emitting particles 90. It has a layer) 9 and an upper substrate 11 arranged on the light conversion layer 9 via an overcoat layer 10.
- the EL light source unit 200 includes an anode 2, a cathode 8, and an EL layer 12 arranged between the anode 2 and the cathode 8.
- the EL layer 12 shown in FIG. 2 includes a hole injection layer 3, a hole transport layer 4, a light emitting layer 5, an electron transport layer 6, and an electron injection layer 7 which are sequentially laminated from the anode 2 side.
- the light emitting element 100 the light emitted from the EL light source unit 200 (EL layer 12) is incident on the light conversion layer 9, the light emitting particles 90 absorb the light, and emit light having a color corresponding to the emitted color. It is a photoluminescence element.
- each layer will be described in sequence.
- Lower board 1 and upper board 11 Each have a function of supporting and / or protecting each layer constituting the light emitting element 100.
- the upper substrate 11 is composed of a transparent substrate.
- the lower substrate 1 is composed of a transparent substrate.
- the transparent substrate means a substrate capable of transmitting light having a wavelength in the visible light region, and the transparent includes colorless transparent, colored transparent, and translucent.
- the transparent substrate examples include a plastic substrate composed of a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyether sulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC) and the like (A resin substrate), a metal substrate composed of iron, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, etc., a silicon substrate, a gallium arsenic substrate, or the like can be used. Further, when giving flexibility to the light emitting element 100, the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 11 have a plastic substrate (a substrate composed of a polymer material as a main material) and a relatively small thickness, respectively. A metal substrate is selected.
- the thickness of the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 11 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 100 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 300 to 800 ⁇ m. It should be noted that either one or both of the lower substrate 1 and the upper substrate 11 may be omitted depending on the usage pattern of the light emitting element 100.
- a signal line drive circuit C1 and a scanning line drive circuit C2 for controlling the supply of current to the anode 2 constituting the pixel electrode PE represented by R, G, and B are provided.
- a control circuit C3 for controlling the operation of these circuits, a plurality of signal lines 706 connected to the signal line drive circuit C1, and a plurality of scan lines 707 connected to the scan line drive circuit C2 are provided.
- a capacitor 701, a drive transistor 702, and a switching transistor 708 are provided in the vicinity of the intersection of each signal line 706 and each scanning line 707.
- one electrode is connected to the gate electrode of the drive transistor 702, and the other electrode is connected to the source electrode of the drive transistor 702.
- the gate electrode is connected to one electrode of the capacitor 701
- the source electrode is connected to the other electrode of the capacitor 701 and the power supply line 703 that supplies the drive current
- the drain electrode is the anode 4 of the EL light source unit 200. It is connected to the.
- the gate electrode is connected to the scanning line 707
- the source electrode is connected to the signal line 706, and the drain electrode is connected to the gate electrode of the drive transistor 702.
- the common electrode 705 constitutes the cathode 8 of the EL light source unit 200.
- the drive transistor 702 and the switching transistor 708 can be composed of, for example, a thin film transistor.
- the scanning line drive circuit C2 supplies or cuts a scanning voltage according to the scanning signal to the gate electrode of the switching transistor 708 via the scanning line 707, and turns the switching transistor 708 on or off. As a result, the scanning line driving circuit C2 adjusts the timing at which the signal line driving circuit C1 writes the signal voltage. On the other hand, the signal line drive circuit C1 supplies or cuts off the signal voltage corresponding to the video signal to the gate electrode of the drive transistor 702 via the signal line 706 and the switching transistor 708, and supplies the signal current to the EL light source unit 200. Adjust the amount.
- the scanning line drive circuit C2 supplies the scanning voltage to the gate electrode of the switching transistor 708, and when the switching transistor 708 is turned on, the signal line drive circuit C1 supplies the signal voltage to the gate electrode of the switching transistor 708.
- the drain current corresponding to this signal voltage is supplied to the EL light source unit 200 as a signal current from the power supply line 703.
- the EL light source unit 200 emits light according to the supplied signal current.
- the anode 2 has a function of supplying holes from an external power source toward the light emitting layer 5.
- the constituent material (anolyte material) of the anode 2 is not particularly limited, and for example, a metal such as gold (Au), a metal halide such as copper iodide (CuI), indium tin oxide (ITO), and oxidation. Examples thereof include metal oxides such as tin (SnO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the anode 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 1,000 nm, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 200 nm.
- the anode 2 can be formed by, for example, a dry film forming method such as a vacuum deposition method or a sputtering method.
- the anode 2 having a predetermined pattern may be formed by a photolithography method or a method using a mask.
- the cathode 8 has a function of supplying electrons from an external power source toward the light emitting layer 5.
- the constituent material (cathode material) of the cathode 8 is not particularly limited, and for example, lithium, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silver, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum. / Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, rare earth metals and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the cathode 8 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1,000 nm, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 200 nm.
- the cathode 3 can be formed by, for example, a dry film forming method such as a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method.
- the hole injection layer 3 has a function of receiving the holes supplied from the anode 2 and injecting them into the hole transport layer 4.
- the hole injection layer 3 may be provided as needed and may be omitted.
- the constituent material (hole injection material) of the hole injection layer 3 is not particularly limited, but for example, a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine; 4,4', 4''-tris [phenyl (m-tolyl) amino ] Triphenylamine derivatives such as triphenylamine; 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8- Cyano compounds such as tetracyano-quinodimethane; metal oxides such as vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide; amorphous carbon; polyaniline (emeraldine), poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT -PSS), polymers such as polypyrrole, and the like.
- a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine
- the hole injection material a polymer is preferable, and PEDOT-PSS is more preferable.
- the above-mentioned hole injection material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the hole injection layer 3 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 500 mm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 300 nm, and further preferably in the range of 2 to 200 nm. preferable.
- the hole injection layer 3 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure in which two or more layers are laminated. Such a hole injection layer 4 can be formed by a wet film forming method or a dry film forming method.
- the hole injection layer 3 is formed by a wet film forming method
- an ink containing the hole injection material described above is usually applied by various coating methods, and the obtained coating film is dried.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet printing method (droplet ejection method), a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, a letterpress printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, and a nozzle printing printing method. Can be mentioned.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or the like can be preferably used.
- the hole transport layer 4 has a function of receiving holes from the hole injection layer 3 and efficiently transporting them to the light emitting layer 6. Further, the hole transport layer 4 may have a function of preventing the transport of electrons. The hole transport layer 4 may be provided as needed, and may be omitted.
- the constituent material (hole transport material) of the hole transport layer 4 is not particularly limited, but for example, TPD (N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-di (3-methylphenyl) -1,1'. -Biphenyl-4,4'diamine), ⁇ -NPD (4,4'-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl), m-MTDATA (4, 4', 4''- Low molecular weight triphenylamine derivatives such as tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine); polyvinylcarbazole; poly [N, N'-bis (4-butylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) -Benzidine] (poly-TPA), polyfluorene (PF), poly [N, N'-bis (4-butylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) -benzidine (Poly
- the hole transporting material is preferably a triphenylamine derivative or a polymer compound obtained by polymerizing a triphenylamine derivative into which a substituent has been introduced, and a triphenylamine having a substituent introduced therein. More preferably, it is a polymer compound obtained by polymerizing a phenylamine derivative.
- the above-mentioned hole transporting material may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer 4 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 nm, more preferably in the range of 5 to 300 nm, and even more preferably in the range of 10 to 200 nm.
- the hole transport layer 4 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure in which two or more layers are laminated. Such a hole transport layer 4 can be formed by a wet film forming method or a dry film forming method.
- the hole transport layer 4 When the hole transport layer 4 is formed by a wet film forming method, an ink containing the hole transport material described above is usually applied by various coating methods, and the obtained coating film is dried.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet printing method (droplet ejection method), a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, a letterpress printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, and a nozzle printing printing method. Can be mentioned.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or the like can be preferably used.
- the electron injection layer 7 has a function of receiving the electrons supplied from the cathode 8 and injecting them into the electron transport layer 6.
- the electron injection layer 7 may be provided as needed, and may be omitted.
- the constituent material (electron injection material) of the electron injection layer 7 is not particularly limited, and for example, alkali metal chalcogenides such as Li 2 O, LiO, Na 2 S, Na 2 Se, and NaO; CaO, BaO, SrO, Alkaline earth metal chalcogenides such as BeO, BaS, MgO, CaSe; alkali metal halides such as CsF, LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, KCl, NaCl; alkalis such as 8-hydroxyquinolinolatritium (Liq) Metal salts; examples include alkaline earth metal halides such as CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , MgF 2 , and BeF 2 .
- alkali metal chalcogenides such as Li 2 O, LiO, Na 2 S, Na 2 Se, and NaO
- CaO, BaO, SrO, Alkaline earth metal chalcogenides such as BeO, BaS, MgO
- alkali metal chalcogenides alkaline earth metal halides, and alkali metal salts are preferable.
- the above-mentioned electron injection materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the electron injection layer 7 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 100 nm, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 50 nm, and in the range of 0.5 to 10 nm. Is even more preferable.
- the electron injection layer 7 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure in which two or more layers are laminated. Such an electron injection layer 7 can be formed by a wet film forming method or a dry film forming method.
- the electron injection layer 7 is formed by a wet film forming method
- an ink containing the above-mentioned electron injection material is usually applied by various coating methods, and the obtained coating film is dried.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet printing method (droplet ejection method), a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, a letterpress printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, and a nozzle printing printing method. Can be mentioned.
- a dry film forming method a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or the like can be applied.
- the electron transport layer 8 has a function of receiving electrons from the electron injection layer 7 and efficiently transporting them to the light emitting layer 5. Further, the electron transport layer 8 may have a function of preventing the transport of holes. The electron transport layer 8 may be provided as needed, and may be omitted.
- the constituent material (electron transport material) of the electron transport layer 8 is not particularly limited, and for example, tris (8-quinolylate) aluminum (Alq3), tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolate) aluminum (Almq3), bis ( Kinolins such as 10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinolinate) beryllium (BeBq2), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) (p-phenylphenolate) aluminum (BAlq), bis (8-quinolinolate) zinc (Znq) Metal derivatives with skeleton or benzoquinoline skeleton; metal complexes with benzoxazoline skeleton such as bis [2- (2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzoxazolate] zinc (Zn (BOX) 2); bis [2-( 2'-Hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazolate] A metal complex having a benzothiazoline skeleton such as zinc (Zn (BTZ) 2); 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5- (4-ter
- the electron transport material is preferably an imidazole derivative, a pyridine derivative, a pyrimidine derivative, a triazine derivative, or a metal oxide (inorganic oxide).
- the above-mentioned electron transport materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer 7 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 5 to 500 nm, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 200 nm.
- the electron transport layer 6 may be a single layer or a stack of two or more. Such an electron transport layer 7 can be formed by a wet film forming method or a dry film forming method.
- the electron transport layer 6 When the electron transport layer 6 is formed by a wet film forming method, an ink containing the above-mentioned electron transport material is usually applied by various coating methods, and the obtained coating film is dried.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet printing method (droplet ejection method), a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, a letterpress printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, and a nozzle printing printing method. Can be mentioned.
- a dry film forming method a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or the like can be applied.
- the light emitting layer 5 has a function of generating light emission by utilizing the energy generated by the recombination of holes and electrons injected into the light emitting layer 5.
- the light emitting layer 5 preferably contains a light emitting material (guest material or dopant material) and a host material.
- the mass ratio of the host material and the light emitting material is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 300: 1.
- the light emitting material a compound capable of converting singlet excitation energy into light or a compound capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light can be used.
- the light emitting material preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic low molecular weight fluorescent material, an organic high molecular weight fluorescent material and an organic phosphorescent material.
- Examples of the compound capable of converting the singlet excitation energy into light include an organic low molecular weight fluorescent material or an organic high molecular weight fluorescent material that emits fluorescence.
- an organic low molecular weight fluorescent material a compound having an anthracene structure, a tetracene structure, a chrysene structure, a phenanthrene structure, a pyrene structure, a perylene structure, a stilbene structure, an acridone structure, a coumarin structure, a phenoxazine structure or a phenothiazine structure is preferable.
- organic low molecular weight fluorescent material examples include 5,6-bis [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -2,2'-bipyridine and 5,6-bis [4'-(. 10-Phenyl-9-anthril) biphenyl-4-yl] -2,2'-bipyridine (, N, N'-bis [4- (9H-carbazole-9-yl) phenyl] -N, N'-diphenyl Stillben-4,4'-diamine, 4- (9H-carbazole-9-yl) -4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthril) triphenylamine, 4- (9H-carbazole-9-yl) -4 '-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) triphenylamine, N, 9-diphenyl-N- [4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl) phenyl] -9H-carbazole-3-amine
- organic polymer fluorescent material examples include homopolymers consisting of units based on fluorene derivatives, copolymers consisting of units based on fluorene derivatives and units based on tetraphenylphenylenediamine derivatives, and units based on tarphenyl derivatives. Homopolymers, homopolymers composed of units based on diphenylbenzofluorene derivatives, and the like.
- an organic phosphorescent material that emits phosphorescence is preferable.
- the organic phosphorescent material include, for example, a metal containing at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of iridium, rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, osmium, scandium, yttrium, gadolinium, palladium, silver, gold and aluminum. Examples include complexes.
- a metal complex containing at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of iridium, rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, osmium, scandium, yttrium, gadrinium and palladium is preferable, and iridium, rhodium, platinum
- a metal complex containing at least one metal atom selected from the group consisting of ruthenium and ruthenium is more preferable, and an iridium complex or a platinum complex is further preferable.
- the host material it is preferable to use at least one compound having an energy gap larger than the energy gap of the light emitting material. Further, when the light emitting material is a phosphorescent material, it is possible to select a compound having a triplet excitation energy larger than the triplet excitation energy (energy difference between the base state and the triplet excited state) of the light emitting material as the host material. preferable.
- Examples of the host material include tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III), tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III), bis (10-hydroxybenzo [h] quinolinato) berylium (II), and bis.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer 5 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 50 nm.
- a light emitting layer 5 can be formed by a wet film forming method or a dry film forming method.
- an ink containing the above-mentioned light emitting material and host material is usually applied by various coating methods, and the obtained coating film is dried.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet printing method (droplet ejection method), a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, a letterpress printing method, a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, and a nozzle printing printing method. Can be mentioned.
- an inkjet printing method droplet ejection method
- a spin coating method spin coating method
- a casting method casting method
- an LB method a letterpress printing method
- a gravure printing method a screen printing method
- nozzle printing printing method a nozzle printing printing method.
- the light emitting layer 5 is formed by a dry film forming method, a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or the like can be applied.
- the EL light source unit 200 may further have, for example, a bank (partition wall) for partitioning the hole injection layer 3, the hole transport layer 4, and the light emitting layer 5.
- the height of the bank is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 4 ⁇ m, and further preferably in the range of 0.2 to 3 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the width of the opening of the bank is preferably in the range of 10 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 30 to 200 ⁇ m, and even more preferably in the range of 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the length of the bank opening is preferably in the range of 10 to 400 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 20 to 200 ⁇ m, and even more preferably in the range of 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the inclination angle of the bank is preferably in the range of 10 to 100 °, more preferably in the range of 10 to 90 °, and even more preferably in the range of 10 to 80 °.
- the light conversion layer 9 comprises a red (R) light conversion pixel portion (NC-Red) containing red luminescent particles 90 and nanocrystals for containing green luminescent particles 90. It includes a green (G) light conversion pixel unit (NC-Green) including, and a blue (B) light conversion pixel unit (NC-Blue) including blue light emitting particles 90.
- R red
- G green
- B blue
- N-Blue blue light conversion pixel unit
- the luminescent nanocrystal 90 causes red color ( It is converted into light having an emission spectrum in any of R), green (G), and blue (B). That is, the light conversion layer 9 can be said to be a light emitting layer.
- a black matrix BM is arranged as a light-shielding portion between the red light conversion pixel portion (NC-Red), the green light conversion pixel portion (NC-Green), and the blue light conversion pixel portion (NC-Blue).
- the red light conversion pixel portion (NC-Red), the green light conversion pixel portion (NC-Green), and the blue light conversion pixel portion (NC-Blue) may contain color materials corresponding to the respective colors. ..
- the thickness of the light conversion layer 9 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 3 to 20 ⁇ m.
- Such a light conversion layer 9 can be formed by a wet film forming method, the ink composition of the present invention is supplied by various coating methods, the obtained coating film is dried, and then activated as necessary. It can be formed by curing by irradiation with energy rays (for example, ultraviolet rays).
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and for example, an inkjet printing method (piezo method or thermal method droplet ejection method), spin coating method, casting method, LB method, letterpress printing method, and the like. Examples include a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, and a nozzle printing printing method.
- the nozzle print printing method is a method of applying the ink composition from the nozzle holes as a liquid column in a striped shape.
- the coating method is preferably an inkjet printing method (particularly, a piezo type droplet ejection method).
- the heat load when ejecting the ink composition can be reduced, and problems are unlikely to occur in the luminescent particles 90 (nanocrystal 91) itself.
- the conditions of the inkjet printing method are preferably set as follows.
- the ejection amount of the ink composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 pL / time, more preferably 1 to 30 pL / time, and further preferably 1 to 20 pL / time.
- the opening diameter of the nozzle hole is preferably in the range of 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 10 to 30 ⁇ m. As a result, it is possible to improve the ejection accuracy of the ink composition while preventing clogging of the nozzle holes.
- the temperature at which the coating film is formed is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 10 to 50 ° C, more preferably in the range of 15 to 40 ° C, and preferably in the range of 15 to 30 ° C. More preferred. If the droplets are ejected at such a temperature, crystallization of various components contained in the ink composition can be suppressed.
- the relative humidity at the time of forming the coating film is also not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 0.01 ppm to 80%, more preferably in the range of 0.05 ppm to 60%, and 0.1 ppm.
- the relative humidity is equal to or higher than the above lower limit value, it becomes easy to control the conditions for forming the coating film.
- the relative humidity is not more than the above upper limit value, the amount of water adsorbed on the coating film which may adversely affect the obtained light conversion layer 9 can be reduced.
- the obtained coating film may be dried at room temperature (25 ° C.) or by heating.
- the drying temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 40 to 150 ° C, more preferably in the range of 40 to 120 ° C.
- the drying is preferably performed under reduced pressure, and more preferably performed under reduced pressure of 0.001 to 100 Pa.
- the drying time is preferably 1 to 90 minutes, more preferably 1 to 30 minutes.
- the ink composition is cured by irradiation with active energy rays (for example, ultraviolet rays), for example, a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, an LED or the like is used as an irradiation source (light source).
- active energy rays for example, ultraviolet rays
- a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a xenon lamp, an LED or the like is used as an irradiation source (light source).
- the wavelength of the light to be irradiated is preferably 200 nm or more, and more preferably 440 nm or less.
- the light irradiation amount (exposure amount) is preferably 10 mJ / cm 2 or more, and more preferably 4000 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- the overcoat layer 10 has a function of protecting the light conversion layer 9 and adhering the upper substrate 11 to the light conversion layer 9. Since the light emitting element 100 of the present embodiment is a top emission type, it is preferable that the overcoat layer 10 has transparency (light transmission).
- an acrylic adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, or the like is preferably used as the constituent material of the overcoat layer 10.
- the thickness of the overcoat layer 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 50 nm.
- the light emitting element 100 can be configured as a bottom emission type instead of the top emission type. Further, the light emitting element 100 may use another light source instead of the EL light source unit 200. Further, the light emitting element 100 can be configured as an electroluminescence element instead of the photoluminescence element. In this case, in the element configuration shown in FIG. 2, the optical conversion layer 9 may be omitted, and the light emitting layer 5 may be configured by the optical conversion layer 9.
- the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the above-described embodiment.
- the luminescent particles, the luminescent particle dispersion, the ink composition, and the luminescent device of the present invention may each have any other configuration additionally in the configuration of the above-described embodiment, or the same. It may be replaced with any configuration that exerts its function.
- the method for producing luminescent particles of the present invention may have any other desired step in the configuration of the above-described embodiment, or is replaced with an arbitrary step that exerts the same effect. Good.
- the nanocrystals of the mother particles 1 were perovskite-type lead cesium tribromide crystals, and the average particle size was 10 nm.
- the surface layer was a layer composed of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and its thickness was 1 nm.
- the nanocrystal of the mother particle 1 was a perovskite-type lead ammonium tribromide crystal, and the average particle size was 11 nm.
- the surface layer was a layer composed of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and its thickness was 1 nm.
- Example 2 Production of luminescent particles (Example 1) First, 190 parts by mass of heptane was supplied to a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, a reflux condenser and a nitrogen gas introduction tube, and the temperature was raised to 85 ° C. Next, after reaching the same temperature, 66.5 parts by mass of lauryl methacrylate, 3.5 parts by mass of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and 0.5 parts by mass of dimethyl-2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionate).
- the mixed solution in the four-necked flask was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then heated to 80 ° C., and the reaction was continued at the same temperature for 15 hours.
- the polymer that was not adsorbed on the mother particles 1 was separated by centrifugation, and then the precipitated luminescent particles were dispersed in heptane to obtain a heptane solution of the luminescent particles 1.
- a polymer layer having a thickness of about 10 nm was formed on the surface of the mother particles.
- Example 2 A heptane solution of luminescent particles 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mother particles 2 were used instead of the mother particles 1. When observed with a transmission electron microscope, a polymer layer having a thickness of about 10 nm was formed on the surface of the mother particles.
- reaction vessel was ice-cooled.
- the obtained reaction solution was separated by centrifugation and the supernatant was removed to obtain 0.45 parts by mass of perovskite-type lead tribromide crystals coordinated with oleic acid and oleylamine.
- a perovskite-type lead tribromide cesium crystal in which 0.2 parts by mass of the obtained oleic acid and oleylamine were coordinated was added to 2 parts by mass of heptane and dispersed to obtain a heptane solution.
- a heptane solution was obtained by adding 0.2 parts by mass of the obtained perovskite-type lead ammonium bromide crystal coordinated with oleic acid and oleylamine to 2 parts by mass of heptane and dispersing it.
- Quantum Yield Retention Rate The quantum yield of the heptane solution obtained in each Example and each Comparative Example was measured with an absolute PL quantum yield measuring device (“Quantumus-QY” manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.). The quantum yield retention rate of each heptane solution (value obtained by dividing the quantum yield after standing in the air for 10 days after preparation by the quantum yield immediately after preparation) was calculated. The higher the quantum yield retention rate, the higher the stability of the luminescent particles with respect to oxygen gas and water vapor.
- the luminescent particles produced by the production method of the present invention have high stability to oxygen gas and water vapor, and high dispersion stability to heptane.
- Preparation Example 2 Luminescent particles / photopolymerizable compound dispersion 2 (luminous particles) in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1 except that the heptane solution obtained in Example 2 was used instead of the heptane solution obtained in Example 1. Content of 2: 50% by mass) was obtained.
- the average particle diameter (volume average diameter) of the titanium oxide particles is 300 nm.
- zirconia beads (diameter: 0.3 mm) were added to the obtained formulation, and the mixture was shaken for 2 hours using a paint conditioner to disperse the formulation. As a result, a light scattering particle dispersion 1 was obtained.
- Example 3 First, 27.5 parts by mass of a photopolymerizable compound, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, is added to 3 parts by mass of a photopolymerization initiator (“Omnirad TPO” manufactured by IGM Resin) and 0.5 parts by mass. Was mixed with an antioxidant (manufactured by Johoku Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., "JPE-10") and stirred at room temperature to uniformly dissolve. 65 parts by mass of luminescent particles / photopolymerizable compound dispersion 1 and 4 parts by mass of light scattering particle dispersion 1 were further mixed with the obtained solution, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature and uniformly dispersed. Then, the obtained dispersion was filtered through a filter having a pore size of 5 ⁇ m to obtain an ink composition 1.
- a photopolymerization initiator manufactured by IGM Resin
- the obtained ink composition 1 was applied onto a glass substrate (“EagleXG” manufactured by Corning Inc.) with a spin coater so that the film thickness after drying was 10 ⁇ m.
- the obtained film was irradiated with ultraviolet light having an LED lamp wavelength of 365 nm under a nitrogen atmosphere at an exposure amount of 2000 mJ / cm 2 .
- the ink composition 1 was cured to form a layer (light conversion layer 1) made of the cured product of the ink composition on the glass substrate.
- Example 4 An ink composition 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the heptane solution obtained in Example 2 was used instead of the heptane solution obtained in Example 1.
- a light conversion layer 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the ink composition 2 was used.
- Comparative Example 3 An ink composition C1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the heptane solution obtained in Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the heptane solution obtained in Example 1.
- An optical conversion layer c1 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the ink composition C1 was used.
- Example 4 An ink composition C2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the heptane solution obtained in Comparative Example 2 was used instead of the heptane solution obtained in Example 1.
- An optical conversion layer c2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the ink composition C2 was used.
- External quantum efficiency retention rate of the optical conversion layer The external quantum efficiency immediately after the formation of the obtained optical conversion layer and after storage in the atmosphere for 10 days was measured as follows, and the external quantum efficiency retention rate of the optical conversion layer was measured as follows. (The value obtained by dividing the external quantum efficiency 10 days after the formation of the optical conversion layer by the external quantum efficiency immediately after the formation of the optical conversion layer) was calculated. A blue LED (peak emission wavelength 450 nm; manufactured by CCS Inc.) was used as a surface emitting light source, and an optical conversion layer was installed on this light source with the glass substrate side facing down.
- the luminescent particle dispersions of Examples 1 and 2 coated with the polymer layer were excellent in quantum yield retention rate and dispersion stability. Further, as shown in Table 2, the ink composition prepared from the luminescent particle dispersions of Examples 1 and 2 coated with the polymer layer has excellent ejection stability of the inkjet, and the formed optical conversion layer is an external quantum. It was confirmed that the efficiency retention rate and surface smoothness were excellent.
- Light emitting element 200 EL light source part 1 Lower substrate 2 Anode 3 Hole injection layer 4 Hole transport layer 5 Light emitting layer 6 Electron transport layer 7 Electron injection layer 8 Electrode 9 Optical conversion layer 10 Overcoat layer 11 Upper substrate 12 EL layer 90 Light emitting element 91 Mother particle 911 Nano crystal 912 Surface layer 92 Polymer layer 701 Condenser 702 Drive transistor 705 Common electrode 706 Signal line 707 Scan line 708 Switching transistor C1 Signal line drive circuit C2 Scan line drive circuit C3 Control circuit PE, R, G, B pixel electrode
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Abstract
Description
一方、発光性を有する半導体ナノ結晶は、発光波長の半値幅が狭い蛍光または燐光を発する材料であり、BT.2020を満足し得る材料として注目を集めている。初期には、半導体ナノ結晶としてCdSe等が使用されていたが、その有害性を回避するため、最近では、InP等が使用されている。
しかしながら、InPの安定性は低く、安定化の向上を目的として精力的な取り組みが進められている。また、InP等の半導体ナノ結晶は、その粒子サイズによって発光波長が決まるため、半値幅の狭い発光を得るためには粒子径の分散を精密に制御することが必要であり、その生産には問題が多い。
このように、ペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶は、極めて優れた発光特性を有しているが、酸素、水分、熱等により不安定化し易いという問題がある。そのため、ペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶には、何らかの方法により、その安定性を高める必要がある。
(1) 半導体ナノ結晶の原料化合物を含む溶液と、Siを含有しシロキサン結合を形成し得る反応性基を有する化合物とを含む溶液とを混合することにより、発光性を有するペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶を析出させると共に当該半導体ナノ結晶の表面に前記化合物を配位させ、その後、配位した前記化合物中の前記反応性基を縮合させることにより、前記半導体ナノ結晶の表面に前記シロキサン結合を有する表面層を形成した母粒子を得る工程1と、
次いで、前記母粒子の表面を疎水性ポリマーで被覆してポリマー層を形成する工程2とを有することを特徴とする発光粒子の製造方法。
該母粒子の表面を被覆し、疎水性ポリマーで構成されたポリマー層とを有することを特徴とする発光粒子。
図1は、本発明の発光粒子の一実施形態を示す断面図である。
<発光粒子およびその製造方法>
図1に示す発光粒子90は、発光性を有するペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶(以下、単に「ナノ結晶911」と言うこともある。)と、このナノ結晶911の表面に配位した配位子で構成され、配位子の分子同士がシロキサン結合を形成している表面層912とを有する母粒子91と、母粒子91の表面を被覆し、疎水性ポリマーで構成されたポリマー層92とを有する。このため、発光粒子90は、ナノ結晶911が表面層912およびポリマー層92により保護されるため、優れた発光特性を維持しつつ、酸素、水、熱等に対する高い安定性を発揮することができる。
かかる発光粒子90は、半導体ナノ結晶の原料化合物を含む溶液と、Siを含有しシロキサン結合を形成し得る反応性基を有する化合物とを含む溶液とを混合することにより、発光性を有するペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶を析出させると共に当該半導体ナノ結晶の表面に前記化合物を配位させ、その後、配位した前記化合物中の前記反応性基を縮合させることにより、前記半導体ナノ結晶の表面に前記シロキサン結合を有する表面層を形成した母粒子を得る工程1と、次いで、前記母粒子の表面を疎水性ポリマーで被覆してポリマー層を形成する工程2とを有する方法(本発明の発光素子の製造方法)により製造することができる。
まず、工程1につき詳述するに、工程1を経て得られる発光粒子91は、次工程である工程2における母粒子であると共に、ナノ結晶911と、このナノ結晶911を被覆する表面層912とを有している。この母粒子91自体、単体で発光粒子として使用することが可能である。
[ナノ結晶911]
工程1を経て得られるナノ結晶911は、ペロブスカイト型の結晶構造を有し、励起光を吸収して蛍光または燐光を発光するナノサイズの結晶体(ナノ結晶粒子)である。かかるナノ結晶911は、例えば、透過型電子顕微鏡または走査型電子顕微鏡によって測定される最大粒子径が100nm以下である結晶体である。
ナノ結晶911は、例えば、所定の波長の光エネルギーや電気エネルギーにより励起され、蛍光または燐光を発することができる。
式中、Aは、有機カチオンおよび金属カチオンのうちの少なくとも1種である。有機カチオンとしては、アンモニウム、ホルムアミジニウム、グアニジニウム、イミダゾリウム、ピリジニウム、ピロリジニウム、プロトン化チオウレア等が挙げられ、金属カチオンとしては、Cs、Rb、K、Na、Li等のカチオンが挙げられる。
Mは、少なくとも1種の金属カチオンである。金属カチオンとしては、Ag、Au、Bi、Ca、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Eu、Fe、Ga、Ge、Hf、In、Ir、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Nb、Nd、Ni、Os、Pb、Pd、Pt、Re、Rh、Ru、Sb、Sm、Sn、Sr、Te、Ti、V、W、Zn、Zr等のカチオンが挙げられる。
Xは、少なくとも1種のアニオンである。アニオンとしては、塩化物イオン、臭化物イオン、ヨウ化物イオン、シアン化物イオン等が挙げられる。
aは、1~4であり、bは、1~2であり、cは、3~9である。
かかるナノ結晶911は、その粒子サイズ、Xサイトを構成するアニオンの種類および存在割合を調整することにより、発光波長(発光色)を制御することができる。
なお、ナノ結晶911の発光ピークの波長は、例えば、絶対PL量子収率測定装置を用いて測定される蛍光スペクトルまたは燐光スペクトルにおいて確認することできる。
これらの上限値および下限値は、任意に組み合わせることができる。なお、以下の同様の記載においても、個別に記載した上限値および下限値は任意に組み合わせ可能である。
なお、ナノ結晶911の平均粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡または走査型電子顕微鏡により測定し、体積平均径を算出することにより得られる。
ナノ結晶911は、量子サイズ効果によって発光を生じる。このため、ナノ結晶911は、凝集すると消光現象が生じ、蛍光量子収率の低下を招き、輝度および色再現性が低下する。本発明では、ナノ結晶911が表面層912およびポリマー層92で被覆されているため、発光粒子90は、インク組成物を調製した際にも凝集し難く、この凝集による発光特性の低下も生じ難い。
工程1を経て得られる表面層912は、ナノ結晶911の表面に配位可能でありかつ分子同士がシロキサン結合を形成可能な配位子で構成されている。
かかる配位子は、Siを含有し、シロキサン結合を形成する反応性基を有する化合物である。この化合物が、さらに、ナノ結晶911に含まれるカチオンに結合する結合性基を有することが好ましい。
反応性基としては、シロキサン結合が容易に形成されることから、シラノール基、炭素原子数が1~6のアルコキシシリル基のような加水分解性シリル基が好ましい。
結合性基としては、例えば、カルボキシル基、アミノ基、アンモニウム基、メルカプト基、ホスフィン基、ホスフィンオキシド基、リン酸基、ホスホン酸基、ホスフィン酸基、スルホン酸基、ボロン酸基等が挙げられる。中でも、結合性基としては、カルボキシル基、メルカプト基およびアミノ基のうちの少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。これらの結合性基は、上述の反応性基よりもナノ結晶911に含まれるカチオンに対する親和性が高い。このため、配位子は、結合性基をナノ結晶911側にして配位し、より容易かつ確実に表面層912を形成することができる。
好ましくは、カルボキシル基含有ケイ素化合物、アミノ基含有ケイ素化合物、メルカプト基含有ケイ素化合物の何れか1種を含有し、または2種以上を併用することができる。
カルボキシル基含有ケイ素化合物の具体例としては、例えば、3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピオン酸、3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピオン酸、2-、カルボキシエチルフェニルビス(2-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、N-[3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル]-N’-カルボキシメチルエチレンジアミン、N-[3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル]フタルアミド、N-[3-(トリメトキシシリル)プロピル]エチレンジアミン-N,N’,N’-三酢酸等が挙げられる。
表面層912の厚さは、0.5~50nmであることが好ましく、1.0~30nmであることがより好ましい。かかる厚さの表面層912を有する発光粒子90(母粒子91)であれば、ナノ結晶911の熱に対する安定性を十分に高めることができる。
なお、表面層912の厚さは、配位子の結合性基と反応性基とを連結する連結構造の原子数(鎖長)を調整することで変更することができる。
次に、工程1で得られた母粒子91の表面を、疎水性ポリマーで被覆してポリマー層92を形成する。母粒子91を疎水性のポリマー層92で被覆することにより、発光粒子90に酸素、水分に対する高い安定性を付与することができる。また、インク組成物を調製した際には、発光粒子90の分散安定性も向上することができる。
かかるポリマー層92は、方法I:疎水性ポリマーを含むワニスに、母粒子91を添加して混合することにより、母粒子91の表面を疎水性ポリマーで被覆する方法、方法II:母粒子91の表面に、非水溶媒に可溶な重合性不飽和基を有する重合体とともに、非水溶媒に可溶でありかつ重合後に不溶または難溶になる少なくとも1種の重合性不飽和単量体を担持させた後、重合体と重合性不飽和単量体とを重合させる方法等により形成することができる。
なお、方法Iにおける疎水性ポリマーには、方法IIにおける重合体と重合性不飽和単量体とを重合させた重合物が含まれる。
中でも、ポリマー層92は、方法IIにより形成することが好ましい。方法IIによれば、均一な厚さのポリマー層92を、母粒子91に高い密着性で形成することができる。
本工程で使用する非水溶媒は、疎水性ポリマーを溶解し得る有機溶媒が好ましく、母粒子91を均一に分散可能であれば、さらに好ましい。このような非水溶媒を用いることにより、非常に簡便に疎水性ポリマーを母粒子91に吸着させてポリマー層92を被覆させることができる。さらに、好ましくは、非水溶媒は低誘電率溶媒である。低誘電率溶媒を用いることにより、疎水性ポリマーと母粒子91とを当該非水溶媒中で混合するだけで、疎水性ポリマーが母粒子91表面に強固に吸着し、ポリマー層92を被覆させることができる。
また、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、非水溶媒として、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒および脂環式炭化水素系溶媒の少なくとも一方に、他の有機溶媒を混合した混合溶媒を使用してもよい。かかる他の有機溶媒としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレンのような芳香族炭化水素系溶媒;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸-n-ブチル、酢酸アミルのようなエステル系溶媒;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、メチルアミルケトン、シクロヘキサノンのようなケトン系溶媒;メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、i-プロパノール、n-ブタノールのようなアルコール系溶媒等が挙げられる。
混合溶媒として使用する際には、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒および脂環式炭化水素系溶媒の少なくとも一方の使用量を、50質量%以上とすることが好ましく、60質量%以上とすることがより好ましい。
本工程で使用する非水溶媒に可溶な重合性不飽和基を含有する重合体(以下、「重合体(P)」とも記載する。)には、炭素原子数4以上のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(A)または重合性不飽和基を有する含フッ素化合物(B、C)を主成分とする重合性不飽和単量体の共重合体に重合性不飽和基を導入したポリマー、あるいは、炭素原子数4以上のアルキル基を有するアルキル(メタ)アクリレート(A)または重合性不飽和基を有する含フッ素化合物(B、C)を主成分とする重合性不飽和単量体の共重合体からなるマクロモノマー等が含まれる。
アルキル(メタ)アクリレート(A)としては、例えば、n-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、i-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、t-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、イソオクチル(メタ)アクリレート、イソデシル(メタ)アクリレート、ラウリル(メタ)アクリレート、ステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、イソステアリル(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、イソボルニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンテニル(メタ)アクリレート、ジシクロペンタニル(メタ)アクリレートが挙げられる。ここで、本明細書中において、「(メタ)アクリレート」とは、メタクリレートおよびアクリレートの双方を意味する。「(メタ)アクリロイル」との表現についても同様である。
ポリ(パーフルオロアルキレンエーテル)鎖は、炭素原子数1~3の2価フッ化炭素基と酸素原子とが交互に連結した構造を有することが好ましい。
かかるポリ(パーフルオロアルキレンエーテル)鎖は、炭素原子数1~3の2価フッ化炭素基を1種のみを含んでもよく、複数種を含んでもよい。具体的なポリ(パーフルオロアルキレンエーテル)としては、下記一般式(C1)で表される構造が挙げられる。
複数のXは同一であっても異なってもよい。異なるXを含む場合(複数種の繰り返し単位X-Oを含む場合)、複数の同一の繰り返し単位X-Oがランダム状又はブロック状に存在していてもよい。
また、nは繰り返し単位の数であり、1以上の整数である。
この場合、上記式(C1-1)で表されるパーフルオロメチレンと、上記式(C1-2)で表されるパーフルオロエチレンとの存在比率は、モル比率[パーフルオロメチレン(C1-1)/パーフルオロエチレン(C1-2)]で、1/10~10/1であることが好ましく、2/8~8/2であることがより好ましく、3/7~7/3であることがさらに好ましい。
また、上記一般式(C1)中のnは3~100であることが好ましく、6~70であることがより好ましい。さらに、ポリ(パーフルオロアルキレンエーテル)鎖に含まれるフッ素原子数は、合計で18~200であることが好ましく、25~150であることがより好ましい。かかる構成のポリ(パーフルオロアルキレンエーテル)鎖において、フッ素原子数と酸素原子数とのバランスがさらに良好になる。
含フッ素化合物(C)の具体例としては、下記式(C-1)~(C-13)で表される化合物が挙げられる。なお、下記式(C-1)~(C-13)中の「-PFPE-」は、ポリ(パーフルオロアルキレンエーテル)鎖である。
これらの化合物は、アルキル(メタ)アクリレート(A)または含フッ素化合物(B、C)とのランダム共重合体として使用することが好ましい。これにより、得られる重合体(P)の非水溶媒への溶解性を十分に高めることができる。
重合性不飽和単量体の共重合体は、重合性不飽和単量体を常法により重合することで得られる。
さらに、かかる共重合体に重合性不飽和基を導入することにより、重合体(P)が得られる。
方法Iは、予め共重合成分としてアクリル酸、メタクリル酸のようなカルボン酸基含有重合性単量体、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミドのようなアミノ基含有重合性単量体を配合し共重合させ、カルボン酸基またはアミノ基を有する共重合体を得た後、このカルボン酸基またはアミノ基にグリシジルメタクリレートのようなグリシジル基および重合性不飽和基を有する単量体を反応させる方法である。
方法IIは、予め共重合成分として2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、2-ヒドロキシエチルアクリレートのような水酸基含有単量体を配合し共重合させ、水酸基を有する共重合体を得た後、この水酸基にイソシアネートエチルメタクリレートのようなイソシアネート基および重合性不飽和基を有する単量体を反応させる方法である。
方法IVは、重合開始剤としてアゾビスシアノペンタン酸のようなカルボキシル基含有アゾ開始剤を使用して共重合体にカルボキシル基を導入し、このカルボキシル基にグリシジルメタクリレートのようなグリシジル基および重合性不飽和基を有する単量体を反応させる方法である。
中でも、方法Iが最も簡便であることから好ましい。
本工程で使用する非水溶媒に可溶でありかつ重合後に不溶もしくは難溶になる重合性不飽和単量体(以下、「単量体(M)」とも記載する。)としては、例えば、反応性極性基(官能基)を有さないビニル系モノマー類、アミド結合含有ビニル系モノマー類、(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキルホスフェート類、(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキルホスファイト類、リン原子含有ビニル系モノマー類、水酸基含有重合性不飽和単量体類、ジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート類、エポキシ基含有重合性不飽和単量体類、イソシアネート基含有α,β-エチレン性不飽和単量体類、アルコキシシリル基含有重合性不飽和単量体類、カルボキシル基含有α,β-エチレン性不飽和単量体類等が挙げられる。
アミド結合含有ビニル系モノマー類の具体例としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-t-ブチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-オクチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド、アルコキシ化N-メチロール化(メタ)アクリルアミド類等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキルホスファイト類の具体例としては、例えば、ジアルキル[(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキル]ホスファイト類、(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキルアシッドホスファイト類等が挙げられる。
リン原子含有ビニル系モノマー類の具体例としては、例えば、上記(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキルアシッドホスフェート類または(メタ)アクリロイロキシアルキルアシッドホスファイト類のアルキレンオキシド付加物、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、メチルグリシジル(メタ)アクリレートのようなエポキシ基含有ビニル系モノマーとリン酸、亜リン酸またはこれらの酸性エステル類とのエステル化合物、3-クロロ-2-アシッドホスホキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
エポキシ基含有重合性不飽和単量体類の具体例としては、例えば、重合性不飽和カルボン酸類、水酸基含有ビニルモノマーと上記ポリカルボン酸の無水物との等モル付加物(モノ-2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシモノエチルフタレート等)のような各種不飽和カルボン酸に、1分子中に少なくとも2個のエポキシ基を有する各種ポリエポキシ化合物を等モル比で付加反応させて得られるエポキシ基含有重合性化合物、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート、(β-メチル)グルシジル(メタ)アクリレート、(メタ)アリルグルシジルエーテル等が挙げられる。
アルコキシシリル基含有重合性不飽和単量体類の具体例としては、例えば、ビニルエトキシシラン、α-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、トリメチルシロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレートのようなシリコン系モノマー類等が挙げられる。
さらに、重合体(P)と単量体(M)とを重合させる際には、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、ヒドロキシル基、ジメチルアミノ基のような官能基のうちの少なくとも1種を有する重合性不飽和単量体を共重合することが好ましい。これにより、形成される重合物(ポリマー層92)のシロキサン結合との相互作用の高まりにより、母粒子91の表面に対する密着性を向上することができる。
架橋成分として使用可能な多官能重合性不飽和単量体としては、例えば、ジビニルベンゼン、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,3-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリエトキシトリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、アリルメタクリレート等が挙げられる。
母粒子91と重合体(P)とは、重合を行う前に混合することが好ましい。混合には、例えば、ホモジナイザー、ディスパー、ビーズミル、ペイントシェーカー、ニーダー、ロールミル、ボールミル、アトライター、サンドミル等を使用することができる。
本発明において、使用する母粒子91の形態は、特に限定されず問わず、スラリー、ウエットケーキ、粉体等のいずれであってもよい。
母粒子91と重合体(P)との混合後に、単量体(M)および後述する重合開始剤をさらに混合し、重合を行うことにより、重合体(P)と単量体(M)との重合物で構成されるポリマー層92が形成される。これにより、発光粒子90が得られる。
また、重合体(P)の使用量は、目的に応じて適宜設定されるため、特に限定されないが、通常、100質量部の母粒子91に対して、0.5~50質量部であることが好ましく、1~40質量部であることがより好ましく、2~35質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
また、単量体(M)の使用量も、目的に応じて適宜設定されるため、特に限定されないが、通常、100質量部の母粒子91に対して、0.5~40質量部であることが好ましく、1~35質量部であることがより好ましく、2~30質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
この場合、単量体(M)の量は、100質量部の重合体(P)に対して、通常、10~100質量部であることが好ましく、30~90質量部であることがより好ましく、50~80質量部であることがさらに好ましい。
ポリマー層92の厚さは、0.5~100nmであることが好ましく、0.7~50nmであることがより好ましく、1~30nmであることがさらに好ましい。ポリマー層92の厚さが0.5nm未満であると、分散安定性が得られない場合が多い。ポリマー層92の厚さが100nmを超えると母粒子91を高濃度で含有させることが困難となる場合が多い。かかる厚さのポリマー層92で母粒子91を被覆することにより、発光粒子90の酸素、水分に対する安定性をより向上させることができる。
かかる重合開始剤としては、例えば、ジメチル-2,2-アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオネート)、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)、2,2-アゾビス(2-メチルブチロニトリル)、ベンゾイルパーオキシド、t-ブチルパーベンゾエート、t-ブチル-2-エチルヘキサノエート、t-ブチルハイドロパーオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシド、クメンハイドロパーオキシド等が挙げられる。これらの重合開始剤は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
非水溶媒に難溶の重合開始剤は、単量体(M)に溶解した状態で、母粒子91と重合体(P)とを含む混合液に添加することが好ましい。
重合温度は、60~130℃の範囲であることが好ましく、70~100℃の範囲であることがより好ましい。かかる重合温度で単量体(M)の重合を行えば、ナノ結晶911の形態変化(例えば、変質、結晶成長等)を好適に防止することができる。
単量体(M)の重合後、母粒子91表面に吸着しなかったポリマーを除去して発光粒子90を得る。吸着しなかったポリマーを除去する方法としては、遠心沈降、限外ろ過が挙げられる。遠心沈降では、母粒子91と吸着されなかったポリマーとを含む分散液を高速で回転させ、当該分散液中の母粒子91を沈降させて、吸着しなかったポリマーを分離する。限外ろ過では、母粒子91と吸着されなかったポリマーとを含む分散液を適切な溶媒で希釈し、適切な孔サイズを有するろ過膜に当該希釈液を通して、吸着されなかったポリマーと母粒子91とを分離する。
以上のようにして、発光粒子90が得られる。発光粒子90は、分散媒あるいは光重合性化合物に分散させた状態で(すなわち、分散液として)保存してもよく、分散媒を除去して粉体(発光粒子90単体の集合体)として保存してもよい。
本発明の発光粒子分散体は、発光粒子90と、この発光粒子90を分散する分散媒とを含有する。なお、本発明の発光粒子分散体、上述の母粒子91を発光粒子とし、この発光粒子と、当該発光粒子を分散する分散媒とを含有する構成とすることも可能である。
分散媒としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、メトキシベンゼンのような芳香族系溶剤;酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテートのような酢酸エステル系溶剤;エトキシエチルプロピオネートのようなプロピオネート系溶剤;メタノール、エタノールのようなアルコール系溶剤;ブチルセロソルブ、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルのようなエーテル系溶剤;メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンのようなケトン系溶剤;ヘキサンのような脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、γ-ブチロラクタム、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、アニリン、ピリジンのような窒素化合物系溶剤;γ-ブチロラクトンのようなラクトン系溶剤;カルバミン酸メチルとカルバミン酸エチルとを48:52で混合した混合物のようなカルバミン酸エステル、水等が挙げられる。
中でも、分散媒としては、発光粒子の発光特性を保持する観点から、芳香族系溶剤、酢酸エステル系溶剤、ケトン系溶剤、脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤のような非極性ないしは低極性溶剤であることが好ましく、芳香族系溶剤、脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤であることがより好ましい。これらの溶剤を使用する場合には、2種以上を併用することもできる。
本発明のインク組成物は、発光粒子90と、この発光粒子90を分散する光重合性化合物と、光重合開始剤とを含有する。なお、本発明のインク組成物は、上述の母粒子91を発光粒子とし、この発光粒子と、当該発光粒子を分散する光重合性化合物と、光重合開始剤とを含有する構成とすることも可能である。
インク組成物中に含まれる発光粒子90の量は、10~50質量%であることが好ましく、15~45質量%であることがより好ましく、20~40質量%であることがさらに好ましい。インク組成物中に含まれる発光粒子90の量を前記範囲に設定することにより、インク組成物をインクジェット印刷法により吐出する場合には、その吐出安定性をより向上させることができる。また、発光粒子90同士が凝集し難くなり、得られる発光層(光変換層)の外部量子効率を高めることもできる。
本発明のインク組成物中に含まれる光重合性化合物は、好ましくは光の照射によって重合する光ラジカル重合性化合物であり、光重合性のモノマーまたはオリゴマーであってよい。これらは、光重合開始剤と共に用いられる。光重合性化合物は1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
光ラジカル重合性化合物としては、(メタ)アクリレート化合物が挙げられる。(メタ)アクリレート化合物は、(メタ)アクリロイル基を1つ有する単官能(メタ)アクリレートであってよく、(メタ)アクリロイル基を複数有する多官能(メタ)アクリレートであってもよい。
インク組成物を調製した際の流動性に優れる観点、吐出安定性により優れる観点および発光粒子塗膜製造時における硬化収縮に起因する平滑性の低下を抑制し得る観点から、単官能(メタ)アクリレートと多官能(メタ)アクリレートとを組み合わせて用いることが好ましい。
4官能(メタ)アクリレートの具体例としては、例えば、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
5官能(メタ)アクリレートの具体例としては、例えば、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
6官能(メタ)アクリレートの具体例としては、例えば、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。
(メタ)アクリレート化合物は、リン酸基を有する、エチレンオキサイド変性リン酸(メタ)アクリレート、エチレンオキサイド変性アルキルリン酸(メタ)アクリレート等であってもよい。
インク組成物中に含まれる光重合性化合物の量は、40~80質量%であることが好ましく、45~75質量%であることがより好ましく、50~70質量%であることがさらに好ましい。インク組成物中に含まれる光重合性化合物の量を前記範囲に設定することにより、得られる発光層(光変換層)中での発光粒子90の分散状態が良好になり、よって外部量子効率をより高めることもできる。
本発明に用いるインク組成物中の光重合開始剤は、アルキルフェノン系化合物、アシルホスフィンオキサイド系化合物およびオキシムエステル系化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
アルキルフェノン系光重合開始剤としては、例えば、式(b-1)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
光重合性化合物に溶解させるには、熱による反応が開始されないように、光重合性化合物を攪拌しながら光重合開始剤を添加することにより均一溶解させることが好ましい。
光重合開始剤の溶解温度は、用いる光重合開始剤の光重合性化合物に対する溶解性、および光重合性化合物の熱による重合性を考慮して適宜調節すればよいが、光重合性化合物の重合を開始させない観点から10~50℃であることが好ましく、10~40℃であることがより好ましく、10~30℃であることがさらに好ましい。
重合禁止剤としては、例えば、p-メトキシフェノール、クレゾール、t-ブチルカテコール、3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシトルエン、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4-メトキシ-1-ナフトール、4,4’-ジアルコキシ-2,2’-ビ-1-ナフトールのようなフェノール系化合物;ヒドロキノン、メチルヒドロキノン、tert-ブチルヒドロキノン、p-ベンゾキノン、メチル-p-ベンゾキノン、tert-ブチル-p-ベンゾキノン、2,5-ジフェニルベンゾキノン、2-ヒドロキシ-1,4-ナフトキノン、1,4-ナフトキノン、2,3-ジクロロ-1,4-ナフトキノン、アントラキノン、ジフェノキノンのようなキノン系化合物;p-フェニレンジアミン、4-アミノジフェニルアミン、N,N’-ジフェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、N-i-プロピル-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、N-(1.3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、N,N’-ジ-2-ナフチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、ジフェニルアミン、N-フェニル-β-ナフチルアミン、4,4’-ジクミル-ジフェニルアミン、4,4’-ジオクチル-ジフェニルアミンのようなアミン系化合物;フェノチアジン、ジステアリルチオジプロピオネートのようなチオエーテル系化合物;2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシルフリーラジカル、2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン、4-ヒドロキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン-1-オキシルフリーラジカルのようなN-オキシル化合物;N-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、N-ニトロソフェニルナフチルアミン、N-ニトロソジナフチルアミン、p-ニトロソフェノール、ニトロソベンゼン、p-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、α-ニトロソ-β-ナフトール、N、N-ジメチル-p-ニトロソアニリン、p-ニトロソジフェニルアミン、p-ニトロンジメチルアミン、p-ニトロン-N,N-ジエチルアミン、N-ニトロソエタノールアミン、N-ニトロソ-ジ-n-ブチルアミン、N-ニトロソ-N-n-ブチル-4-ブタノールアミン、N-ニトロソ-ジイソプロパノールアミン、N-ニトロソ-N-エチル-4-ブタノールアミン、5-ニトロソ-8-ヒドロキシキノリン、N-ニトロソモルホリン、N-ニトロソ-N-フェニルヒドロキシルアミンアンモニウム塩(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製、「Q-1300」)、ニトロソベンゼン、2,4,6-トリ-tert-ブチルニトロンベンゼン、N-ニトロソ-N-メチル-p-トルエンスルホンアミド、N-ニトロソ-N-エチルウレタン、N-ニトロソ-N-n-プロピルウレタン、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール、1-ニトロソ-2-ナフトール-3,6-スルホン酸ナトリウム、2-ニトロソ-1-ナフトール-4-スルホン酸ナトリウム、2-ニトロソ-5-メチルアミノフェノール塩酸塩、2-ニトロソ-5-メチルアミノフェノール塩酸塩、Q-1301(富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製)のようなニトロソ系化合物等が挙げられる。
重合禁止剤の添加量は、インク組成物に含まれる光重合性化合物の総量に対して、0.01~1.0質量%であることが好ましく、0.02~0.5質量%であることがより好ましい。
酸化防止剤としては、例えば、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート(「IRGANOX1010」)、チオジエチレンビス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート(「IRGANOX1035」)、オクタデシル-3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート(「IRGANOX1076」)、「IRGANOX1135」、「IRGANOX1330」、4,6-ビス(オクチルチオメチル)-o-クレゾール(「IRGANOX1520L」)、「IRGANOX1726」、「IRGANOX245」、「IRGANOX259」、「IRGANOX3114」、「IRGANOX3790」、「IRGANOX5057」、「IRGANOX565」(以上、BASF株式会社製);「アデカスタブAO-20」、「アデカスタブAO-30」、「アデカスタブAO-40」、「アデカスタブAO-50」、「アデカスタブAO-60」、「アデカスタブAO-80」(以上、株式会社ADEKA製);「JP-360」、「JP-308E」、「JPE-10」(以上、城北化学工業株式会社製);「スミライザーBHT」、「スミライザーBBM-S」、「スミライザーGA-80」(以上、住友化学株式会社製)等が挙げられる。
酸化防止剤の添加量は、インク組成物に含まれる光重合性化合物の総量に対して、0.01~2.0質量%であることが好ましく、0.02~1.0質量%であることがより好ましい。
分散剤は、発光粒子90のインク組成物中での分散安定性を向上させ得る化合物であれば、特に限定されない。分散剤は、低分子分散剤と高分子分散剤とに分類される。
本明細書中において、「低分子」とは、重量平均分子量(Mw)が5,000以下の分子を意味し、「高分子」とは、重量平均分子量(Mw)が5,000超の分子を意味する。なお、本明細書中において、「重量平均分子量(Mw)」は、ポリスチレンを標準物質としたゲル浸透クロマトグラフィ(GPC)を用いて測定された値を採用することができる。
低分子分散剤としては、例えば、オレイン酸;リン酸トリエチル、TOP(トリオクチルフォスフィン)、TOPO(トリオクチルフォスフィンオキサイド)、ヘキシルホスホン酸(HPA)、テトラデシルホスホン酸(TDPA)、オクチルホスフィン酸(OPA)のようなリン原子含有化合物;オレイルアミン、オクチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン、ヘキサデシルアミンのような窒素原子含有化合物;1-デカンチオール、オクタンチオール、ドデカンチオール、アミルスルフィドのような硫黄原子含有化合物等が挙げられる。
なお、高分子分散剤の市販品としては、例えば、ビックケミー社製のDISPERBYKシリーズ、エボニック社製のTEGO Dispersシリーズ、BASF社製のEFKAシリーズ、日本ルーブリゾール社製のSOLSPERSEシリーズ、味の素ファインテクノ社製のアジスパーシリーズ、楠本化成製のDISPARLONシリーズ、共栄社化学社製のフローレンシリーズ等を使用することができる。
分散剤の配合量は、100質量部の発光粒子90に対して、0.05~10質量部であることが好ましく、0.1~5質量部であることがより好ましい。
レベリング剤としては、特に限定はないが、発光粒子90の薄膜を形成する場合に、膜厚ムラを低減させ得る化合物が好ましい。
かかるレベリング剤としては、例えば、アルキルカルボン酸塩、アルキルリン酸塩、アルキルスルホン酸塩、フルオロアルキルカルボン酸塩、フルオロアルキルリン酸塩、フルオロアルキルスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、フルオロアルキルエチレンオキシド誘導体、ポリエチレングリコール誘導体、アルキルアンモニウム塩、フルオロアルキルアンモニウム塩類等が挙げられる。
レベリング剤の添加量は、インク組成物に含まれる光重合性化合物の総量に対して、0.005~2質量%であることが好ましく、0.01~0.5質量%であることがより好ましい。
連鎖移動剤は、インク組成物の基材との密着性をより向上させること等を目的として使用される成分である。
連鎖移動剤としては、例えば、芳香族炭化水素類;クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、四臭化炭素、ブロモトリクロロメタンのようなハロゲン化炭化水素類;オクチルメルカプタン、n-ブチルメルカプタン、n-ペンチルメルカプタン、n-ヘキサデシルメルカプタン、n-テトラデシルメル、n―ドデシルメルカプタン、t-テトラデシルメルカプタン、t-ドデシルメルカプタンのようなメルカプタン化合物;ヘキサンジチオール、デカンジチオール、1,4-ブタンジオールビスチオプロピオネート、1,4-ブタンジオールビスチオグリコレート、エチレングリコールビスチオグリコレート、エチレングリコールビスチオプロピオネート、トリメチロールプロパントリスチオグリコレート、トリメチロールプロパントリスチオプロピオネート、トリメチロールプロパントリス(3-メルカプトブチレート)、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキスチオグリコレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキスチオプロピオネート、トリメルカプトプロピオン酸トリス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)イソシアヌレート、1,4-ジメチルメルカプトベンゼン、2、4、6-トリメルカプト-s-トリアジン、2-(N,N-ジブチルアミノ)-4,6-ジメルカプト-s-トリアジンのようなチオール化合物;ジメチルキサントゲンジスルフィド、ジエチルキサントゲンジスルフィド、ジイソプロピルキサントゲンジスルフィド、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラブチルチウラムジスルフィドのようなスルフィド化合物;N,N-ジメチルアニリン、N,N-ジビニルアニリン、ペンタフェニルエタン、α-メチルスチレンダイマー、アクロレイン、アリルアルコール、ターピノーレン、α-テルピネン、γ-テルビネン、ジペンテン等が挙げられるが、2,4-ジフェニル-4-メチル-1-ペンテン、チオール化合物が好ましい。
R96は炭素原子数2~18のアルキレン基を表し、該アルキレン基中の1つ以上のメチレン基は酸素原子および硫黄原子が相互に直接結合することなく、酸素原子、硫黄原子、-CO-、-OCO-、-COO-または-CH=CH-で置換されていてもよい。
連鎖移動剤の添加量は、インク組成物に含まれる光重合性化合物の総量に対して、0.1~10質量%であることが好ましく、1.0~5質量%であることがより好ましい。
分散助剤としては、例えば、フタルイミドメチル誘導体、フタルイミドスルホン酸誘導体、フタルイミドN-(ジアルキルアミノ)メチル誘導体、フタルイミドN-(ジアルキルアミノアルキル)スルホン酸アミド誘導体のような有機顔料誘導体等が挙げられる。これらの分散助剤は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
<<熱可塑性樹脂>>
熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ウレタン系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、スチレンマレイン酸系樹脂、スチレン無水マレイン酸系樹脂、ポリエステルアクリレート系樹脂等が挙げられる。
<<増感剤>>
増感剤としては、光重合性化合物と付加反応を起こさないアミン類を使用することができる。かかる増感剤としては、例えば、トリメチルアミン、メチルジメタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、p-ジエチルアミノアセトフェノン、p-ジメチルアミノ安息香酸エチル、p-ジメチルアミノ安息香酸イソアミル、N,N-ジメチルベンジルアミン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン等が挙げられる。
光散乱性粒子は、例えば、光学的に不活性な無機微粒子であることが好ましい。光散乱性粒子は、発光層(光変換層)に照射された光源部からの光を散乱させることができる。
光散乱性粒子を構成する材料としては、例えば、タングステン、ジルコニウム、チタン、白金、ビスマス、ロジウム、パラジウム、銀、スズ、プラチナ、金のような単体金属;シリカ、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、タルク、酸化チタン、クレー、カオリン、硫酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、炭酸カルシウム、アルミナホワイト、酸化チタン、酸化マグネシウム、酸化バリウム、酸化アルミニウム、酸化ビスマス、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化亜鉛のような金属酸化物;炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸バリウム、次炭酸ビスマス、炭酸カルシウムのような金属炭酸塩;水酸化アルミニウムのような金属水酸化物;ジルコン酸バリウム、ジルコン酸カルシウム、チタン酸カルシウム、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム等の複合酸化物、次硝酸ビスマスのような金属塩等が挙げられる。
中でも、光散乱性粒子を構成する材料としては、漏れ光の低減効果により優れる観点から、酸化チタン、アルミナ、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化亜鉛、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウムおよびシリカからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、酸化チタン、硫酸バリウムおよび炭酸カルシウムからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種を含むことがより好ましい。
以上のようなインク組成物は、発光粒子90を、光重合性化合物および光重合開始剤等を混合した溶液中に分散させて調製することができる。
発光粒子90の分散には、例えば、ボールミル、サンドミル、ビーズミル、3本ロールミル、ペイントコンディショナー、アトライター、分散攪拌機、超音波等の分散機を使用することにより行うことができる。
また、インク組成物の表面張力は、インクジェット印刷法に適した表面張力であることが好ましい。表面張力の具体的な値は、20~40mN/mの範囲であることが好ましく、25~35mN/mの範囲であることがより好ましい。表面張力を前記範囲に設定することにより、インク組成物の液滴の飛行曲がりの発生を抑制することができる。なお、飛行曲がりとは、インク組成物をインク吐出孔から吐出させたとき、インク組成物の着弾位置が目標位置に対して30μm以上のズレることをいう。
図2は、本発明の発光素子の一実施形態を示す断面図、図3および図4は、それぞれアクティブマトリックス回路の構成を示す概略図である。
なお、図2では、便宜上、各部の寸法およびそれらの比率を誇張して示し、実際とは異なる場合がある。また、以下に示す材料、寸法等は一例であって、本発明は、それらに限定されず、その要旨を変更しない範囲で適宜変更することが可能である。
以下では、説明の都合上、図2の上側を「上側」または「上方」と、上側を「下側」または「下方」と言う。また、図2では、図面が煩雑になることを避けるため、断面を示すハッチングの記載を省略している。
図2に示すEL層12は、陽極2側から順次積層された正孔注入層3、正孔輸送層4、発光層5、電子輸送層6および電子注入層7を含む。
かかる発光素子100は、EL光源部200(EL層12)から発せられた光が光変換層9に入射し、この光を発光粒子90が吸収し、その発光色に応じた色の光を発するフォトルミネッセンス素子である。
以下、各層について順次説明する。
下基板1および上基板11は、それぞれ発光素子100を構成する各層を支持および/または保護する機能を有する。
発光素子100がトップエミッション型である場合、上基板11が透明基板で構成される。一方、発光素子100がボトムエミッション型である場合、下基板1が透明基板で構成される。
ここで、透明基板とは、可視光領域の波長の光を透過可能な基板を意味し、透明には、無色透明、着色透明、半透明が含まれる。
また、発光素子100に可撓性を付与する場合には、下基板1および上基板11には、それぞれ、プラスチック基板(高分子材料を主材料として構成された基板)、比較的厚さの小さい金属基板が選択される。
なお、発光素子100の使用形態に応じて、下基板1および上基板11のいずれか一方または双方を省略することもできる。
また、各信号線706と各走査線707との交差部近傍には、図4に示すように、コンデンサ701と、駆動トランジスタ702と、スイッチングトランジスタ708とが設けられている。
駆動トランジスタ702は、ゲート電極がコンデンサ701の一方の電極に接続され、ソース電極がコンデンサ701の他方の電極および駆動電流を供給する電源線703に接続され、ドレイン電極がEL光源部200の陽極4に接続されている。
また、本実施形態において、共通電極705は、EL光源部200の陰極8を構成している。
なお、駆動トランジスタ702およびスイッチングトランジスタ708は、例えば、薄膜トランジスタ等で構成することができる。
一方、信号線駆動回路C1は、信号線706およびスイッチングトランジスタ708を介して、駆動トランジスタ702のゲート電極に映像信号に応じた信号電圧を供給または遮断し、EL光源部200に供給する信号電流の量を調整する。
このとき、この信号電圧に対応したドレイン電流が電源線703から信号電流としてEL光源部200に供給される。その結果、EL光源部200は、供給される信号電流に応じて発光する。
[陽極2]
陽極2は、外部電源から発光層5に向かって正孔を供給する機能を有する。
陽極2の構成材料(陽極材料)としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、金(Au)のような金属、ヨウ化銅(CuI)のようなハロゲン化金属、インジウムスズ酸化物(ITO)、酸化スズ(SnO2)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)のような金属酸化物等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
陽極2は、例えば、真空蒸着法やスパッタリング法のような乾式成膜法により形成することができる。この際、フォトリソグラフィー法やマスクを用いた方法により、所定のパターンを有する陽極2を形成してもよい。
陰極8は、外部電源から発光層5に向かって電子を供給する機能を有する。
陰極8の構成材料(陰極材料)としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、リチウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、アルミニウム、銀、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらは、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
陰極3は、例えば、蒸着法やスパッタリング法のような乾式成膜法により形成することができる。
正孔注入層3は、陽極2から供給された正孔を受け取り、正孔輸送層4に注入する機能を有する。なお、正孔注入層3は、必要に応じて設けるようにすればよく、省略することもできる。
また、上述の正孔注入材料は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
正孔注入層3は、単層構成であっても、2層以上が積層された積層構成であってもよい。
このような正孔注入層4は、湿式成膜法または乾式成膜法により形成することができる。
一方、正孔注入層3を乾式成膜法で形成する場合には、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等を好適に用いることができる。
正孔輸送層4は、正孔注入層3から正孔を受け取り、発光層6まで効率的に輸送する機能を有する。また、正孔輸送層4は、電子の輸送を防止する機能を有していてもよい。なお、正孔輸送層4は、必要に応じて設けるようにすればよく、省略することもできる。
また、上述の正孔輸送材料は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
正孔輸送層4は、単層構成であっても、2層以上が積層された積層構成であってもよい。
このような正孔輸送層4は、湿式成膜法または乾式成膜法により形成することができる。
一方、正孔輸送層4を乾式成膜法で形成する場合には、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等を好適に用いることができる。
電子注入層7は、陰極8から供給された電子を受け取り、電子輸送層6に注入する機能を有する。なお、電子注入層7は、必要に応じて設けるようにすればよく、省略することもできる。
また、上述の電子注入材料は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
電子注入層7は、単層構成であっても、2層以上が積層された積層構成であってもよい。
このような電子注入層7は、湿式成膜法または乾式成膜法により形成することができる。
一方、電子注入層7を乾式成膜法で形成する場合には、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等が適用されうる。
電子輸送層8は、電子注入層7から電子を受け取り、発光層5まで効率的に輸送する機能を有する。また、電子輸送層8は、正孔の輸送を防止する機能を有していてもよい。なお、電子輸送層8は、必要に応じて設けるようにすればよく、省略することもできる。
また、上述の電子輸送材料は、1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。
電子輸送層7の厚さは、特に限定されないが、5~500nmの範囲であることが好ましく、5~200nmの範囲であることがより好ましい。
電子輸送層6は、単層であっても、2以上が積層されたものであってもよい。
このような電子輸送層7は、湿式成膜法または乾式成膜法により形成することができる。
一方、電子輸送層6を乾式成膜法で形成する場合には、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等が適用され得る。
発光層5は、発光層5に注入された正孔および電子の再結合により生じるエネルギーを利用して発光を生じさせる機能を有する。
発光層5は、発光材料(ゲスト材料またはドーパント材料)およびホスト材料を含むことが好ましい。この場合、ホスト材料と発光材料との質量比は、特に制限されないが、10:1~300:1の範囲であることが好ましい。
発光材料には、一重項励起エネルギーを光に変換可能な化合物または三重項励起エネルギーを光に変換可能な化合物を使用することができる。
また、発光材料としては、有機低分子蛍光材料、有機高分子蛍光材料および有機燐光材料からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。
有機低分子蛍光材料としては、アントラセン構造、テトラセン構造、クリセン構造、フェナントレン構造、ピレン構造、ペリレン構造、スチルベン構造、アクリドン構造、クマリン構造、フェノキサジン構造またはフェノチアジン構造を有する化合物が好ましい。
有機低分子蛍光材料の具体例としては、例えば、5,6-ビス[4-(10-フェニル-9-アントリル)フェニル]-2,2’-ビピリジン、5,6-ビス[4’-(10-フェニル-9-アントリル)ビフェニル-4-イル]-2,2’-ビピリジン(、N,N’-ビス[4-(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)フェニル]-N,N’-ジフェニルスチルベン-4,4’-ジアミン、4-(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)-4’-(10-フェニル-9-アントリル)トリフェニルアミン、4-(9H-カルバゾール-9-イル)-4’-(9,10-ジフェニル-2-アントリル)トリフェニルアミン、N,9-ジフェニル-N-[4-(10-フェニル-9-アントリル)フェニル]-9H-カルバゾール-3-アミン、4-(10-フェニル-9-アントリル)-4’-(9-フェニル-9H-カルバゾール-3-イル)トリフェニルアミン、4-[4-(10-フェニル-9-アントリル)フェニル]-4’-(9-フェニル-9H-カルバゾール-3-イル)トリフェニルアミン、ペリレン、2,5,8,11-テトラ(tert-ブチル)ペリレン、N,N’-ジフェニル-N,N’-ビス[4-(9-フェニル-9H-フルオレン-9-イル)フェニル]ピレン-1,6-ジアミン、N,N’-ビス(3-メチルフェニル)-N,N’-ビス[3-(9-フェニル-9H-フルオレン-9-イル)フェニル]-ピレン-1,6-ジアミン、N,N’-ビス(ジベンゾフラン-2-イル)-N,N’-ジフェニルピレン-1,6-ジアミン、N,N’-ビス(ジベンゾチオフェン-2-イル)-N,N’-ジフェニルピレン-1,6-ジアミン、N,N’’-(2-tert-ブチルアントラセン-9,10-ジイルジ-4,1-フェニレン)ビス[N,N’,N’-トリフェニル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン]、N,9-ジフェニル-N-[4-(9,10-ジフェニル-2-アントリル)フェニル]-9H-カルバゾール-3-アミン、N-[4-(9,10-ジフェニル-2-アントリル)フェニル]-N,N’,N’-トリフェニル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’,N’’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’-オクタフェニルジベンゾ[g,p]クリセン-2,7,10,15-テトラアミン、クマリン30、N-(9,10-ジフェニル-2-アントリル)-N,9-ジフェニル-9H-カルバゾール-3-アミン、N-(9,10-ジフェニル-2-アントリル)-N,N’,N’-トリフェニル-1,4-フェニレンジアミン、N,N,9-トリフェニルアントラセン-9-アミン、クマリン6、クマリン545T、N,N’-ジフェニルキナクリドン、ルブレン、5,12-ビス(1,1’-ビフェニル-4-イル)-6,11-ジフェニルテトラセン、2-(2-{2-[4-(ジメチルアミノ)フェニル]エテニル}-6-メチル-4H-ピラン-4-イリデン)プロパンジニトリル、2-{2-メチル-6-[2-(2,3,6,7-テトラヒドロ-1H,5H-ベンゾ[ij]キノリジン-9-イル)エテニル]-4H-ピラン-4-イリデン}プロパンジニトリル、N,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(4-メチルフェニル)テトラセン-5,11-ジアミン、7,14-ジフェニル-N,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(4-メチルフェニル)アセナフト[1,2-a]フルオランテン-3,10-ジアミン、2-{2-イソプロピル-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-テトラメチル-2,3,6,7-テトラヒドロ-1H,5H-ベンゾ[ij]キノリジン-9-イル)エテニル]-4H-ピラン-4-イリデン}プロパンジニトリル、2-{2-tert-ブチル-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-テトラメチル-2,3,6,7-テトラヒドロ-1H,5H-ベンゾ[ij]キノリジン-9-イル)エテニル]-4H-ピラン-4-イリデン}プロパンジニトリル、2-(2,6-ビス{2-[4-(ジメチルアミノ)フェニル]エテニル}-4H-ピラン-4-イリデン)プロパンジニトリル、2-{2,6-ビス[2-(8-メトキシ-1,1,7,7-テトラメチル-2,3,6,7-テトラヒドロ-1H,5H-ベンゾ[ij]キノリジン-9-イル)エテニル]-4H-ピラン-4-イリデン}プロパンジニトリル、5,10,15,20-テトラフェニルビスベンゾ[5,6]インデノ[1,2,3-cd:1’,2’,3’-lm]ペリレン等が挙げられる。
有機燐光材料の具体例としては、例えば、イリジウム、ロジウム、白金、ルテニウム、オスミウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、ガドリニウム、パラジウム、銀、金、アルミニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属原子を含む金属錯体が挙げられる。
中でも、有機燐光材料としては、イリジウム、ロジウム、白金、ルテニウム、オスミウム、スカンジウム、イットリウム、ガドリニウムおよびパラジウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属原子を含む金属錯体が好ましく、イリジウム、ロジウム、白金およびルテニウムからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の金属原子を含む金属錯体がより好ましく、イリジウム錯体または白金錯体がさらに好ましい。
このような発光層5は、湿式成膜法または乾式成膜法により形成することができる。
発光層5を湿式成膜法で形成する場合には、通常、上述の発光材料およびホスト材料を含有するインクを各種塗布法により塗布し、得られた塗膜を乾燥する。塗布法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、インクジェット印刷法(液滴吐出法)、スピンコート法、キャスト法、LB法、凸版印刷法、グラビア印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、ノズルプリント印刷法等が挙げられる。
一方、発光層5を乾式成膜法で形成する場合には、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等が適用され得る。
バンクの高さは、特に限定されないが、0.1~5μmの範囲であることが好ましく、0.2~4μmの範囲であることがより好ましく、0.2~3μmの範囲であることがさらに好ましい。
バンクの開口の長さは、10~400μmの範囲であることが好ましく、20~200μmの範囲であることがより好ましく、50~200μmの範囲であることがさらに好ましい。
また、バンクの傾斜角度は、10~100°の範囲であることが好ましく、10~90°の範囲であることがより好ましく、10~80°の範囲であることがさらに好ましい。
光変換層9は、図2に示すように、赤色発光性の発光粒子90を含む赤色(R)光変換画素部(NC-Red)と、緑色発光性の発光粒子90を含む用ナノ結晶を含む緑色(G)光変換画素部(NC-Green)と、青色発光性の発光粒子90を含む青色(B)光変換画素部(NC-Blue)とを備えている。
かかる構成の光変換層9において、対応するEL層12から発せられた光が光変換画素部(NC-Red、NC-Green、NC-Blue)に入射すると、発光性のナノ結晶90により赤色(R)、緑色(G)、青色(B)のいずれかに発光スペクトルを有する光に変換される。すなわち、光変換層9は、発光層とも言える。
なお、赤色光変換画素部(NC-Red)と、緑色光変換画素部(NC-Green)および青色光変換画素部(NC-Blue)には、それぞれの色に対応した色材を含んでもよい。
光変換層9の厚さは、特に限定されないが、1~30μmの範囲であることが好ましく、3~20μmの範囲であることがより好ましい。
塗布法としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、インクジェット印刷法(ピエゾ方式またはサーマル方式の液滴吐出法)、スピンコート法、キャスト法、LB法、凸版印刷法、
グラビア印刷法、スクリーン印刷法、ノズルプリント印刷法等が挙げられる。ここで、ノズルプリント印刷法とは、インク組成物をノズル孔から液柱としてストライプ状に塗布する方法である。
中でも、塗布法としては、インクジェット印刷法(特に、ピエゾ方式の液滴吐出法)が好ましい。これにより、インク組成物を吐出する際の熱負荷を小さくすることができ、発光粒子90(ナノ結晶91)自体に不具合が発生し難い。
インク組成物の吐出量は、特に限定されないが、1~50pL/回であることが好ましく、1~30pL/回であることがより好ましく、1~20pL/回であることがさらに好ましい。
また、ノズル孔の開口径は、5~50μmの範囲であることが好ましく、10~30μmの範囲であることがより好ましい。これにより、ノズル孔の目詰まりを防止しつつ、インク組成物の吐出精度を高めることができる。
また、塗膜を形成する際の相対湿度も、特に限定されないが、0.01ppm~80%の範囲であることが好ましく、0.05ppm~60%の範囲であることがより好ましく、0.1ppm~15%の範囲であることがさらに好ましく、1ppm~1%の範囲であることが特に好ましく、5~100ppmの範囲であることが最も好ましい。相対湿度が上記下限値以上であると、塗膜を形成する際の条件の制御が容易となる。一方、相対湿度が上記上限値以下であると、得られる光変換層9に悪影響を及ぼし得る塗膜に吸着する水分量を低減することができる。
乾燥を加熱により行う場合、乾燥温度は、特に限定されないが、40~150℃の範囲であることが好ましく、40~120℃の範囲であることがより好ましい。
また、乾燥は、減圧下で行うことが好ましく、0.001~100Paの減圧下で行うことがより好ましい。
さらに、乾燥時間は、1~90分間であることが好ましく、1~30分間であることがより好ましい。
このような乾燥条件で塗膜を乾燥することにより、分散媒のみならず、分散剤等も確実に塗膜中から除去され、得られる光変換層9の外部量子効率をより向上させることができる。
照射する光の波長は、200nm以上であることが好ましく、440nm以下であることがより好ましい。
また、光の照射量(露光量)は、10mJ/cm2以上であることが好ましく、4000mJ/cm2以下であることがより好ましい。
オーバーコート層10は、光変換層9を保護するとともに、上基板11を光変換層9に接着する機能を有している。
本実施形態の発光素子100は、トップエミッション型であるため、オーバーコート層10は透明性(光透過性)を有することが好ましい。
かかるオーバーコート層10の構成材料としては、例えば、アクリル系接着剤、エポキシ系接着剤等が好適に使用される。
オーバーコート層10の厚さは、特に限定されないが、1~100nmの範囲であることが好ましく、1~50nmの範囲であることがより好ましい。
また、発光素子100は、EL光源部200に代えて、他の光源を使用することもできる。
さらに、発光素子100は、フォトルミネッセンス素子に代えて、エレクトロルミネッセンス素子として構成することもできる。この場合、図2に示す素子構成において、光変換層9を省略し、発光層5を光変換層9で構成すればよい。
例えば、本発明の発光粒子、発光粒子分散体、インク組成物および発光素子は、それぞれ、上述した実施形態の構成において、他の任意の構成を追加して有していてもよいし、同様の機能を発揮する任意の構成と置換されていてよい。
また、本発明の発光粒子の製造方法は、上述した実施形態の構成において、他の任意の目的の工程を有していてもよいし、同様の効果を発揮する任意の工程と置換されていてよい。
1.母粒子の作製
(母粒子1)
まず、0.81gの炭酸セシウムと、40mLの1-オクタデセンと、2.5mLのオレイン酸とを混合して混合液を得た。次に、この混合液を120℃で10分間、減圧乾燥した後、アルゴン雰囲気下に150℃で加熱した。これにより、セシウム-オレイン酸溶液を得た。
一方、138.0mgの臭化鉛(II)と10mLの1-オクタデセンとを混合して混合液を得た。次に、この混合液を120℃で10分間、減圧乾燥した後、アルゴン雰囲気下に混合液に1mLの3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを添加した。
次いで、反応液を大気下(23℃、湿度45%)で60分間撹拌した後、20mLのエタノールを添加した。
得られた懸濁液を遠心分離(3,000回転/分、5分間)して固形物を回収した。
この回収された固形物を16mLのヘキサンに添加することにより、母粒子1のヘキサン分散液(0.01mol/L)を得た。
なお、母粒子1のナノ結晶はペロブスカイト型の三臭化鉛セシウム結晶であり、平均粒子径は10nmであった。また、表面層は3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランで構成される層であり、その厚さは1nmであった。
まず、1mLのN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド溶液に、15.0mgの臭化鉛(II)および4.5mgのメチルアミン臭化水素酸塩を添加することにより、半導体ナノ結晶の原料化合物を含む溶液を得た。
一方、0.18mLの3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランと、0.2mLのオレイン酸と、0.2mLのトルエンとを混合し、エトキシシラン溶液を得た。その後、上述の半導体ナノ結晶の原料化合物を含む溶液に、上述のエトキシシラン溶液29μLを大気下、室温で添加し、混合物を得た。
その直後に、得られた混合物を20mLのトルエンに添加し、5秒間室温で撹拌した後、遠心分離(12,100回転/分、5分間)して固形物を回収した。
この回収された固形物を4mLのトルエンに添加することにより、母粒子2のトルエン分散液(0.01mol/L)を得た。
なお、母粒子1のナノ結晶はペロブスカイト型のメチルアンモニウム三臭化鉛結晶であり、平均粒子径は11nmであった。また、表面層は3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランで構成される層であり、その厚さは1nmであった。
(実施例1)
まず、温度計、攪拌機、還流冷却器および窒素ガス導入管を備えた四つ口フラスコに、190質量部のヘプタンを供給し、85℃に昇温した。
次に、同温度に到達した後、66.5質量部のラウリルメタクリレート、3.5質量部のジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレートおよび0.5質量部のジメチル-2,2-アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオネート)を20質量部のヘプタンに溶解した混合物を、上記四つ口フラスコのへプタンに3.5時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後も、同温度に10時間保持し、反応を継続した。
反応液の温度を50℃に降温した後、0.01質量部のt-ブチルピロカテコールを1.0質量部のヘプタンに溶解した溶液を添加し、さらに1.0質量部のグリシジルメタクリレートを添加した後、85℃まで昇温し、同温度で5時間反応を継続した。これにより、重合体(P)を含有する溶液を得た。
なお、溶液中に含まれる不揮発分(NV)の量は25.1質量%であり、重合体(P)の重量平均分子量(Mw)は10,000であった。
さらに、0.2質量部のエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、0.4質量部のメチルメタクリレートおよび0.12質量部のジメチル-2,2-アゾビス(2-メチルプロピオネート)を上記四つ口フラスコに供給した。
その後、上記四つ口フラスコ内の混合液を、室温で30分間攪拌した後、80℃に昇温し、同温度で15時間反応を継続した。反応終了後、母粒子1に吸着しなかったポリマーを遠心分離により分離し、ついで、沈降した発光粒子をヘプタンに分散することで、発光粒子1のヘプタン溶液を得た。透過型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、母粒子表面に厚み約10nmのポリマー層が形成されていた。
母粒子1に代えて母粒子2を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、発光粒子2のヘプタン溶液を得た。透過型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、母粒子表面に厚み約10nmのポリマー層が形成されていた。
まず、温度計、攪拌機、セプタムおよび窒素ガス導入管を備えた四つ口フラスコに、0.814質量部の炭酸セシウム、40質量部のオクタデセンおよび2.5質量部のオレイン酸を供給し、窒素雰囲気下、150℃で均一な溶液になるまで加熱撹拌した。全て溶解させた後、100℃まで冷却することによって、オレイン酸セシウム溶液を得た。
次に、温度計、攪拌機、セプタムおよび窒素ガス導入管を備えた四つ口フラスコに、0.069質量部の臭化鉛(II)および5質量部のオクタデセンを供給し、窒素雰囲気下、120℃で1時間加熱撹拌した。さらに、0.5質量部のオレイルアミンおよび0.5質量部のオレイン酸を供給し、窒素雰囲気下、160℃で均一な溶液となるまで加熱撹拌した。
次に、0.4重量部のオレイン酸セシウム溶液を供給し、160℃で5秒間撹拌した後、反応容器を氷冷した。得られた反応液を遠心分離によって分離し、上澄み液を除去することによって、オレイン酸およびオレイルアミンが配位したペロブスカイト型の三臭化鉛セシウム結晶0.45質量部を得た。
得られたオレイン酸およびオレイルアミンが配位したペロブスカイト型の三臭化鉛セシウム結晶0.2質量部を、ヘプタン2質量部に添加し分散させることによってヘプタン溶液を得た。
まず、温度計、攪拌機、セプタムおよび窒素ガス導入管を備えた四つ口フラスコに、1.47質量部の臭化鉛(II)、0.45質量部のメチルアミン臭化水素酸塩、1質量部のオレイルアミン、1質量部のオレイン酸および100質量部のN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドを供給して溶解させた。
次に、激しく撹拌子ながら、得られた溶液をトルエン2000質量部に添加した。得られた反応液を遠心分離によって分離し、上澄み液を除去することによって、オレイン酸およびオレイルアミンが配位したペロブスカイト型のメチルアンモニウム臭化鉛結晶1.2質量部を得た。
得られたオレイン酸およびオレイルアミンが配位したペロブスカイト型のメチルアンモニウム臭化鉛結晶0.2質量部を、ヘプタン2質量部に添加し分散させることによってヘプタン溶液を得た。
3-1.量子収率保持率
各実施例および各比較例で得られたヘプタン溶液の量子収率を、絶対PL量子収率測定装置(浜松ホトニクス株式会社製、「Quantaurus-QY」)で測定した。各ヘプタン溶液の量子収率保持率(調製後大気下で10日静置した後の量子収率を、調製直後の量子収率で除した値)を算出した。
なお、量子収率保持率が高いほど、発光粒子の酸素ガスおよび水蒸気に対する安定性が高いことを意味する。
各実施例および各比較例で得られたヘプタン溶液を大気下で10日間放置した後、沈殿物の有無を確認し、以下の基準に従って評価した。
A:沈殿物が全く生じていない。
B:沈殿物がごくわずかに生じてる。
C:沈殿物がやや多く生じている。
これらの結果を、以下の表1にまとめて示す。
<発光粒子/光重合性化合物分散体の調製>
(調製例1)
実施例1で得られたヘプタン溶液からロータリーエバポレーターによりヘプタンを除去し、次いで、光重合性化合物であるラウリルアクリレート(共栄社化学製)を混合し、ロータリーエバポレーターにて攪拌することにより、発光粒子/光重合性化合物分散体1(発光粒子1の含有量:50質量%)を得た。
(調製例2)
実施例1で得られたヘプタン溶液に代えて、実施例2で得られたヘプタン溶液を用いたこと以外は、調製例1と同様にして、発光粒子/光重合性化合物分散体2(発光粒子2の含有量:50質量%)を得た。
まず、55質量部の酸化チタン粒子(テイカ株式会社製、「JR-806」)と、2質量部の高分子分散剤(ビックケミー社製、「アジスパーPB-821」)と、45質量部の光重合性化合物である1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート(共栄社化学株式会社製)と、0.03質量部の重合禁止剤である4-メトキシフェノール(精工化学株式会社製、「メトキノン」)とを配合した。なお、酸化チタン粒子の平均粒子径(体積平均径)は300nmである。
次に、得られた配合物にジルコニアビーズ(直径:0.3mm)を加えた後、ペイントコンディショナーを用いて2時間振とうさせることで配合物の分散処理を行った。これにより光散乱性粒子分散体1を得た。
まず、27.5質量部の光重合性化合物である1,6-ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート」を、3質量部の光重合開始剤(IGM Resin社製、「Omnirad TPO」)および0.5質量部の酸化防止剤(城北化学工業株式会社製、「JPE-10」)に混合し、室温で攪拌することにより均一溶解した。
得られた溶液に、さらに、65質量部の発光粒子/光重合性化合物分散体1および4質量部の光散乱性粒子分散体1を混合し、室温にて攪拌して均一分散させた。
次いで、得られた分散液を孔径5μmのフィルターでろ過することにより、インク組成物1を得た。
得られた膜に窒素雰囲気下でLEDランプ波長365nmの紫外光を2000mJ/cm2の露光量で照射した。これにより、インク組成物1を硬化させて、ガラス基板上にインク組成物の硬化物からなる層(光変換層1)を形成した。
実施例1で得られたヘプタン溶液に代えて、実施例2で得られたヘプタン溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、インク組成物2を得た。このインク組成物2を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、光変換層2を得た。
(比較例3)
実施例1で得られたヘプタン溶液に代えて、比較例1で得られたヘプタン溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、インク組成物C1を得た。このインク組成物C1を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、光変換層c1を得た。
(比較例4)
実施例1で得られたヘプタン溶液に代えて、比較例2で得られたヘプタン溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、インク組成物C2を得た。このインク組成物C2を用いたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、光変換層c2を得た。
上記で得られたインク組成物および光変換層について、以下の手順で吐出安定性、外部量子効率保持率および表面平滑性の評価を行った。
5-1.インク組成物の吐出安定性
インクジェットプリンター(富士フィルムDimatix社製、「DMP-2831」)を用いて、インク組成物を10分間連続で吐出させ、以下の基準に従って評価した。
なお、本インクジェットプリンターのインクを吐出するヘッド部には16個のノズルが形成されており、1ノズル当たり、吐出一回あたりのインク組成物の使用量は10pLとした。
A:連続吐出可能(16個のノズル中、10ノズル以上で連続吐出可能)
B:連続吐出不可(16個のノズル中、連続吐出可能なノズル数が9ノズル以下)
C:吐出不可
得られた光変換層の形成直後および大気下で10日保管した後の外部量子効率を、以下のようにして測定し、光変換層の外部量子効率保持率(光変換層の形成10日後の外部量子効率を、光変換層の形成直後の外部量子効率で除した値)を算出した。
面発光光源として青色LED(ピーク発光波長450nm;シーシーエス株式会社製)を用い、この光源上にガラス基板側を下側にして光変換層を設置した。
放射分光光度計(大塚電子株式会社製、「MCPD-9800」)に積分球を接続し、青色LED上に設置した光変換層上に積分球を近接させた。この状態で青色LEDを点灯させ、励起光および光変換層の発光(蛍光)の量子数を測定し、外部量子効率を算出した。
なお、外部量子効率保持率が高いほど、発光粒子を含む光変換層の酸素ガスおよび水蒸気に対する安定性が高いことを意味する。
5-3.光変換層の表面平滑性
得られた光変換層の表面を原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)にて観察し、その表面粗さSaを測定した。
これらの結果をまとめて以下の表2に示す。
200 EL光源部
1 下基板
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 電子輸送層
7 電子注入層
8 陰極
9 光変換層
10 オーバーコート層
11 上基板
12 EL層
90 発光素子
91 母粒子
911 ナノ結晶
912 表面層
92 ポリマー層
701 コンデンサ
702 駆動トランジスタ
705 共通電極
706 信号線
707 走査線
708 スイッチングトランジスタ
C1 信号線駆動回路
C2 走査線駆動回路
C3 制御回路
PE,R,G,B 画素電極
Claims (16)
- 半導体ナノ結晶の原料化合物を含む溶液と、Siを含有しシロキサン結合を形成し得る反応性基を有する化合物とを含む溶液とを混合することにより、発光性を有するペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶を析出させると共に当該半導体ナノ結晶の表面に前記化合物を配位させ、その後、配位した前記化合物中の前記反応性基を縮合させることにより、前記半導体ナノ結晶の表面に前記シロキサン結合を有する表面層を形成した母粒子を得る工程1と、
次いで、前記母粒子の表面を疎水性ポリマーで被覆してポリマー層を形成する工程2とを有することを特徴とする発光粒子の製造方法。 - 前記半導体ナノ結晶の平均粒子径は、40nm以下である請求項1に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 前記表面層の厚さは、0.5~50nmである請求項1または2に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 前記反応性基を有する化合物は、前記半導体ナノ結晶に含まれるカチオンに結合する結合性基を有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 前記結合性基は、カルボキシル基、メルカプト基およびアミノ基のうちの少なくとも1種である請求項4に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 前記ポリマー層の厚さは、0.5~100nmである請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 前記疎水性ポリマーは、前記母粒子の表面に、非水溶媒に可溶な重合性不飽和基を有する重合体とともに、非水溶媒に可溶でありかつ重合後に不溶または難溶になる少なくとも1種の重合性不飽和単量体を担持させた後、前記重合体と前記重合性不飽和単量体とを重合させて得られる請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 前記非水溶媒は、脂肪族炭化水素系溶媒および脂環式炭化水素系溶媒の少なくとも一方を含む請求項7に記載の発光粒子の製造方法。
- 発光性を有するペロブスカイト型の半導体ナノ結晶と、該半導体ナノ結晶の表面に配位した配位子で構成され、該配位子の分子同士がシロキサン結合を形成している表面層とを有する母粒子と、
該母粒子の表面を被覆し、疎水性ポリマーで構成されたポリマー層とを有することを特徴とする発光粒子。 - 前記疎水性ポリマーは、非水溶媒に可溶な重合性不飽和基を有する重合体と、非水溶媒に可溶でありかつ重合後に不溶または難溶になる少なくとも1種の重合性不飽和単量体との重合物である請求項9に記載の発光粒子。
- 請求項9または10に記載の発光粒子と、該発光粒子を分散する分散媒とを含有することを特徴とする発光粒子分散体。
- 請求項9または10に記載の発光粒子と、光重合性化合物と、光重合開始剤とを含有することを特徴とするインク組成物。
- 前記光重合性化合物は、光ラジカル重合性化合物である請求項12に記載のインク組成物。
- 前記光重合開始剤は、アルキルフェノン系化合物、アシルホスフィンオキサイド系化合物およびオキシムエステル系化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項12または13に記載のインク組成物。
- 請求項9または10に記載の発光粒子を含む発光層を有することを特徴とする発光素子。
- さらに、前記発光層に光を照射する光源部を有する請求項15に記載の発光素子。
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KR20230068999A (ko) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-05-18 | 디아이씨 가부시끼가이샤 | 발광 입자, 발광 입자 함유 조성물, 광학 필름, 컬러 필터, 적층 구조체, 발광 디바이스 및 디스플레이 디바이스 |
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