WO2020216079A1 - 电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统 - Google Patents

电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020216079A1
WO2020216079A1 PCT/CN2020/084332 CN2020084332W WO2020216079A1 WO 2020216079 A1 WO2020216079 A1 WO 2020216079A1 CN 2020084332 W CN2020084332 W CN 2020084332W WO 2020216079 A1 WO2020216079 A1 WO 2020216079A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
capacity
recoverable
lower limit
discharge
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PCT/CN2020/084332
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤慎之
杜明树
李世超
阮见
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to KR1020207037768A priority Critical patent/KR20220015294A/ko
Priority to JP2020573140A priority patent/JP7481273B2/ja
Publication of WO2020216079A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020216079A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a method, device and system for recovering the attenuated capacity of the battery.
  • the accurate estimation of the maximum usable capacity of the battery pack is of great significance to the estimation of remaining capacity and remaining energy, and is also an important parameter reflecting the aging state of the battery.
  • the capacity attenuation corresponds to the irreversible damage inside the cell, which cannot be restored without destroying the structure of the cell.
  • the recoverable capacity attenuation referred to here refers to the nature of the cell itself, which is different from the recoverable capacity attenuation of the Pack (battery pack) caused by the inconsistency between the cells.
  • the irrecoverable capacity attenuation caused by the true aging of the battery cell reflects the true aging of the battery, but the recoverable capacity attenuation reduces the actual available capacity of the battery cell and cannot exert the best performance of the battery cell.
  • the present disclosure provides a method, device and system for restoring the recoverable attenuation capacity of a battery, which can restore the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system, so that the battery can exert the best performance.
  • a method for restoring the attenuated capacity of a battery including:
  • the battery is a battery pack or a single battery cell.
  • the lower limit of the battery parameter is the lower limit of the battery state of charge or the lower limit of the voltage.
  • the instructing the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter includes:
  • the discharging device When the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, the discharging device is instructed to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the instructing the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter includes:
  • the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter is transmitted to the vehicle controller, so that the vehicle controller displays the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter to the user on the vehicle side, prompting the user to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the instructing the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter includes:
  • the instructing the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter includes:
  • the instructing the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter includes:
  • the instructing the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter further includes:
  • the discharging device When the battery pack starts to charge and the battery state of charge of the specific cell is not within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge, the discharging device is instructed to stop the operation of discharging the specific cell to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the range of the state of charge of the dischargeable battery cannot fully recover the recoverable attenuation capacity, and the range of the state of charge of the dischargeable battery is lower than a predetermined battery state of charge threshold.
  • the method for recovering the battery's recoverable attenuation capacity further includes: instructing the charging device to charge the battery.
  • the determining the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery includes:
  • the use of the historical operating condition method to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery includes:
  • the determining the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery includes:
  • the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter is determined according to the generation process of the recoverable attenuation capacity and the current-voltage relationship.
  • the process of generating the recoverable attenuation capacity is the cycle interval and time of the battery state of charge for generating the recoverable capacity.
  • the current-voltage relationship is a voltage change curve under a constant current condition or a voltage capacity differential change curve.
  • the battery is a battery pack or a single battery cell.
  • the lower limit of the battery parameter is the lower limit of the battery state of charge or the lower limit of the voltage.
  • a battery recovery device capable of recovering attenuation capacity, including:
  • the recoverable capacity determination module is used to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery
  • the parameter lower limit determination module is used to determine the corresponding battery parameter lower limit according to the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery
  • the discharge control module is used to instruct the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter to increase the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the device for restoring battery recoverable attenuation capacity is used to perform operations for implementing the method for restoring battery recoverable attenuation capacity as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • a battery recovery device capable of recovering attenuation capacity, including:
  • Memory used to store instructions
  • the processor is configured to execute the instruction so that the device for recovering the battery's attenuated capacity can perform operations for implementing the method for recovering the battery's attenuated capacity as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • a battery management system including the battery recovery device capable of recovering attenuation capacity as described in any of the above embodiments.
  • a recovery system for battery recoverable attenuation capacity which includes the battery recoverable attenuation capacity recovery device as described in any of the above embodiments, or includes the battery as described in any of the above embodiments Battery management system.
  • the present disclosure can recover the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system, so that the battery cell can exert the best performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the method for restoring the attenuated capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of still other embodiments of the device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of other embodiments of the device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the battery management system of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the system for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of other embodiments of the system for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • the present disclosure provides a method, device and system for restoring the attenuation capacity of a battery, as well as a battery management system, which can restore the attenuation of the restorable capacity generated by a part of the battery cell system, so that the battery cell can exert the best performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the method for restoring the attenuated capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • this embodiment can be implemented by the recovery device capable of recovering the attenuated capacity of the battery of the present disclosure.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 11 Determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the battery may be a battery pack or a single battery cell.
  • one battery pack may include multiple battery cells.
  • step 11 may include: determining the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery using a historical operating condition method or an online estimation method.
  • the use of the historical operating condition method to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery may include: statistically determining a two-dimensional histogram of different battery state-of-charge usage intervals and current rates after the last capacity recovery; Accumulate calculations through experimental statistical data to obtain the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the use of the historical operating condition method to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery may include: recording the SOC (State of Charge, battery state of charge, also called residual power) before each charge of the battery pack And the SOC after charging, and count the number of cycles and temperature under different SOC usage intervals, and look up the table to determine the size of the recoverable capacity attenuation.
  • SOC State of Charge
  • battery state of charge also called residual power
  • the use of the historical operating condition method to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery may include: the recoverable attenuation capacity determined according to the different number of cycles and temperature calibrated offline, and the calibration of different SOC usage intervals The size of the attenuation of the recoverable capacity in each circle, or fit it by a polynomial function (note that the attenuation of each cycle can be positive and negative); the recoverable capacity is accumulated according to the SOC interval of the discharge condition before each charge Attenuation.
  • the use of the online estimation method to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery may include: calculating the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery according to the current-voltage relationship, for example: according to a voltage change curve or voltage capacity under a constant current condition The differential change curve calculates the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • using the online estimation method to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery may include: analyzing the voltage capacity differential change curve of the battery offline to determine the deviation of the specific peak and the change of the peak height Quantities; The recoverable attenuation capacity is obtained online according to the corresponding relationship.
  • Step 12 Determine the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the lower limit of the battery parameter may be a lower limit of the battery state of charge (lower limit of SOC) or a lower limit of voltage.
  • step 12 may include: determining the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the generation process of the recoverable attenuation capacity and the current-voltage relationship.
  • the process of generating the recoverable attenuation capacity may be a battery state of charge cycle interval and time for generating the recoverable capacity.
  • the current-voltage relationship may be a voltage change curve under a constant current condition or a voltage capacity differential change curve.
  • step 12 may include: analyzing the voltage capacity differential change curve of the cell offline to determine that the deviation of the specific peak and the change of the peak height correspond to the specific SOC lower limit ; Obtain a specific SOC lower limit based on the corresponding relationship online.
  • the corresponding SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit in step 12 can be obtained through offline calibration, or through online calculation.
  • step 12 may include: obtaining the corresponding SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit required to recover different percentages of the recoverable capacity generated in different ways.
  • step 12 may include: determining whether the online estimated recoverable capacity has been greater than a threshold, which affects the use of electrical equipment with batteries such as vehicles. If it affects the use of electrical equipment equipped with batteries such as vehicles, the specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit required to restore the capacity is calculated according to the generation method of the recoverable capacity and the current-voltage relationship.
  • Step 13 Instruct the discharging device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter to increase the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • step 13 may include: determining whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; in a case where the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, instructing the discharging device to discharge the battery To the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the predetermined recoverable threshold may be 3% of the nominal capacity.
  • step 13 may include: instructing the discharging device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter using methods such as a reminder method, a charge control method, a regular maintenance method, and an equalization method.
  • the method for restoring the battery's recoverable attenuated capacity may further include: instructing the charging device to charge the battery to show an increase in the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the reminding user method may include: determining the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery; determining whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; when the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold
  • the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter is transmitted to the vehicle controller (for example, VCU (Vehicle Control Unit, vehicle controller)), so that the vehicle controller displays the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter to the user on the vehicle side, prompting the user to change the battery Discharge to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • VCU Vehicle Control Unit
  • the reminding user method may include: calculating the recoverable attenuation capacity online; determining whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; when the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold
  • the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter is recommended to the user through the user interface to prompt the user of the vehicle to discharge to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter (for example, a specific lower limit of SOC or a lower limit of voltage) at a suitable opportunity.
  • This method requires the charging pile to have a discharge function.
  • the charging control method may include: judging whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; in the case where the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, judging whether the battery is charged Whether the initial battery state of charge is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge; when the initial battery state of charge is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge, instruct the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the range of the state of charge of the dischargeable battery cannot fully recover the recoverable attenuation capacity, and the range of the state of charge of the dischargeable battery is lower than a predetermined battery state of charge threshold.
  • the charging control method may include: online calculation of the recoverable attenuation capacity; determining whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; when the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold.
  • a predetermined recoverable threshold when the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold.
  • regular maintenance may include: setting the electrical equipment (such as a vehicle) to the maintenance mode during a predetermined time period or a time period when the battery’s recoverable decay capacity is determined; in the maintenance mode, determining the battery’s availability Whether the recovery attenuation capacity is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold; in the case that the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, instruct the external discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the electrical equipment such as a vehicle
  • the equalization method may include: judging whether there is a specific cell in the battery pack, where the specific cell is a cell with a recoverable attenuation capacity greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; In the case of a specific cell, determine whether the battery state of charge of the specific cell is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge; when the battery state of charge of the specific cell is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge, the calculation will specify The time required for the battery cell to discharge to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter, instructs the discharge device to discharge the specific battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter; when the battery pack starts to charge, the battery state of charge of the specific battery is not within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge In the case of instructing the discharging device to stop discharging the specific cell to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the equalization method may include: judging whether there is a specific cell in the battery pack, where the specific cell is a cell with a recoverable attenuation capacity greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; In the case of a specific cell, it is judged whether the SOC of the specific cell is within the range of dischargeable SOC (the recoverable attenuation capacity cannot be fully recovered within this range, but the range is lower than a preset threshold).
  • the recoverable capacity decay generated by part of the battery cell system can be restored when discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit, that is, discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or Recharging after the lower voltage limit can charge more capacity, and the recoverable capacity can be maintained for a long time after recovery.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure can restore the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system, so that the battery cell can exert the best performance.
  • the second solution (charging control method) will be described below through specific embodiments.
  • the method for restoring the battery's recoverable attenuation capacity based on charge control may include:
  • Step 1 Calculate the recoverable capacity online, and obtain that the recoverable capacity is 5% of the nominal capacity, which is higher than the predetermined recoverable threshold, and it is considered that it needs to be recovered.
  • an example of a specific recoverable capacity calculation method may include: statistically obtaining a two-dimensional histogram of different SOC usage intervals-current magnification after the last capacity recovery, and through offline experiments The statistical data is accumulated and calculated to obtain the value of the recoverable capacity.
  • Step 2 According to the voltage capacity differential change curve, calculate the specific SOC lower limit. If discharged to 30% SOC, 3% capacity can be restored, and discharged to 20%, 5% capacity can be restored. Set the specific lower limit of SOC to 20% for complete recovery.
  • the specific SOC lower limit is obtained based on experiments. However, the specific values are different under different working conditions.
  • the specific method for calculating the specific SOC lower limit may include: analyzing the voltage capacity differential change curve of the cell offline, and determining the deviation of the specific peak and the change of the peak height and the specific There is a corresponding relationship between the lower limit of SOC, and the specific lower limit of SOC is obtained online according to the corresponding relationship.
  • Step 3 Use the charge control method to restore the capacity.
  • the SOC is 25%
  • the BMS Battery Management System
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • the device for recovering the battery's recoverable attenuation capacity may include a recoverable capacity determination module 21, a parameter lower limit determination module 22, and a discharge control module 23, wherein:
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 is used to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the battery may be a battery pack or a single battery cell.
  • one battery pack may include multiple battery cells.
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 may be used to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery using a historical operating condition method or an online estimation method.
  • the recoverable capacity determining module 21 may be used to statistically determine the two-dimensional histogram of the usage interval of different battery state of charge and current magnification after the last capacity recovery; accumulate calculation through experimental statistical data, Obtain the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 may be used to construct a recoverable attenuation capacity estimation model based on historical data, input current battery parameters into the recoverable attenuation capacity estimation model, and determine the current recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 can be used to record the SOC before and after each charge of the battery pack, and to count the number of cycles and temperature in different SOC usage intervals, and to check the table to determine the Restore the size of the capacity attenuation.
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 can be used to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity according to the different number of cycles and temperatures calibrated offline, and calibrate the amount of attenuation of the recoverable capacity per cycle in different SOC usage intervals. Or fit it through a polynomial function (note that the attenuation per cycle can be positive and negative); accumulate the recoverable capacity attenuation according to the SOC interval of the discharge conditions before each charge.
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 may be used to calculate the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery according to the current-voltage relationship, for example: calculate the recoverable capacity of the battery according to a voltage change curve or a voltage capacity differential change curve under a constant current condition. Restore attenuation capacity.
  • the recoverable capacity determination module 21 can be used to analyze the voltage capacity differential change curve of the battery offline to determine the deviation of a specific peak and the change in peak height; online according to the corresponding Get the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery
  • the parameter lower limit determination module 22 is used to determine the corresponding battery parameter lower limit according to the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery.
  • the lower limit of the battery parameter may be a lower limit of the battery state of charge (lower limit of SOC) or a lower limit of voltage.
  • the parameter lower limit determination module 22 may be used to determine the corresponding battery parameter lower limit according to the generation process of the recoverable attenuation capacity and the current-voltage relationship.
  • the process of generating the recoverable attenuation capacity may be a battery state of charge cycle interval and time for generating the recoverable capacity.
  • the current-voltage relationship may be a voltage change curve under a constant current condition or a voltage capacity differential change curve.
  • the parameter lower limit determination module 22 can be used to analyze the voltage capacity differential change curve of the cell offline to determine a specific peak offset and peak height change and a specific SOC lower limit There is a corresponding relationship; online according to the corresponding relationship to obtain a specific SOC lower limit.
  • the corresponding SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit can be obtained through offline calibration, or through online calculation.
  • the parameter lower limit determination module 22 may be used to obtain the corresponding SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit required to recover different percentages of the recoverable capacity generated in different ways.
  • the parameter lower limit determination module 22 may be used to determine whether the online estimated recoverable capacity is greater than a threshold, which affects the use of electrical equipment with batteries such as vehicles. If it affects the use of electrical equipment equipped with batteries such as vehicles, the specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit required to restore the capacity is calculated according to the generation method of the recoverable capacity and the current-voltage relationship.
  • the discharge control module 23 is used to instruct the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter to increase the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the discharge control module 23 can be used to determine whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; when the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, instruct the discharge device to The battery is discharged to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the discharge control module 23 may be used to instruct the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter by adopting a corresponding control strategy under different battery operating conditions.
  • the discharge control module 23 may be used to instruct the discharging device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter by using methods such as reminding user method, charging control method, regular maintenance method, and equalizing method.
  • the discharge control module 23 may be used to determine whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; when the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, the vehicle controller The lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter is transmitted, so that the vehicle controller displays the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter to the user on the vehicle side, and prompts the user to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the discharge control module 23 may be used to determine whether the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; in the case that the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, it is determined that the battery is charged Whether the initial battery state of charge is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge; when the initial battery state of charge is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge, instruct the discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the range of the state of charge of the dischargeable battery cannot fully recover the recoverable attenuation capacity, and the range of the state of charge of the dischargeable battery is lower than a predetermined battery state of charge threshold.
  • the discharge control module 23 may be used to set the electrical equipment to the maintenance mode during a predetermined time period or a time period to determine the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery; in the maintenance mode, determine the recoverable attenuation of the battery Whether the capacity is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold; in the case where the recoverable attenuation capacity of the battery is greater than the predetermined recoverable threshold, instruct the external discharge device to discharge the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the discharge control module 23 may be used to determine whether there is a specific battery in the battery pack, where the specific battery is a battery with a recoverable attenuation capacity greater than a predetermined recoverable threshold; In the case of a specific cell, determine whether the battery state of charge of the specific cell is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge; when the battery state of charge of the specific cell is within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge, the calculation will specify The time required for the battery cell to discharge to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter indicates the discharge device to discharge the specific battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • the discharge control module 23 can also be used to instruct the discharging device to stop charging the specific battery when the battery state of charge of the specific cell is not within the range of the dischargeable battery state of charge. The operation of discharging the battery cell to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter.
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of still other embodiments of the device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • the device for restoring the attenuated capacity of the battery may include a charging control module 24, wherein:
  • the charging control module 24 is used to instruct the charging device to charge the battery to display the increase in the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the device for restoring battery recoverable attenuation capacity is used to perform operations for implementing the method for restoring battery recoverable attenuation capacity as described in any of the above embodiments (for example, the embodiment of FIG. 1).
  • the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system can be recovered when discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit, that is, discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or Recharging after the lower voltage limit can charge more capacity, and the recoverable capacity can be maintained for a long time after recovery.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of other embodiments of the device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • the device for restoring the attenuated capacity of the battery may include a memory 31 and a processor 32, wherein:
  • the memory 31 is used to store instructions.
  • the processor 32 is configured to execute the instructions so that the device for recovering the battery's attenuated capacity can perform operations for implementing the method for recovering the battery's attenuated capacity as described in any of the above embodiments (for example, the embodiment in FIG. 1) .
  • the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure can restore the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system, so that the battery cell can exert the best performance.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the battery management system of the present disclosure.
  • the battery management system may include a recovery device 41 for recovering the attenuated capacity of the battery, wherein:
  • the device 41 for restoring the attenuated capacity of the battery may be the device for restoring the attenuated capacity of the battery as described in any of the above embodiments (for example, the embodiment of FIG. 2 or FIG. 3).
  • the recoverable capacity generated by part of the battery cell system can be attenuated and restored when discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit, that is, discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit and then recharged More capacity can be charged, and the recoverable capacity can be maintained for a long time after recovery.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of some embodiments of the system for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • the battery restoration system for restorable attenuation capacity may include: a restoration device 41 that can restore attenuation capacity, a discharging device 42, and a charging device 43, wherein:
  • the restoring device 41 capable of restoring the attenuation capacity may be the restoring device for restoring the attenuation capacity of the battery as described in any of the above embodiments (for example, the embodiment of FIG. 2 or FIG. 3).
  • the discharging device 42 is used for discharging the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the instruction of the restoration device 41 that can restore the attenuation capacity.
  • the charging device 43 is configured to charge the battery when the battery is discharged to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the instruction of the recovery device 41 that can restore the attenuated capacity, so as to increase the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the discharging device 42 and the charging device 43 may be an integrated charging and discharging device.
  • the integrated charging and discharging device may be realized as a charging and discharging device with a discharge function (for example, a charging pile).
  • the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system can be recovered when discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or voltage lower limit, that is, discharged to a specific SOC lower limit or Recharging after the lower voltage limit can charge more capacity, and the recoverable capacity can be maintained for a long time after recovery.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of other embodiments of the system for restoring the attenuation capacity of the disclosed battery.
  • the system for restoring the attenuated capacity of the battery may include: a battery management system 61, a discharging device 42, and a charging device 43, wherein:
  • the battery management system 61 may be the battery management system described in any of the foregoing embodiments (for example, the embodiment in FIG. 4).
  • the discharging device 42 is used for discharging the battery to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the instruction of the restoration device 41 that can restore the attenuation capacity.
  • the charging device 43 is configured to charge the battery when the battery is discharged to the lower limit of the corresponding battery parameter according to the instruction of the recovery device 41 that can restore the attenuated capacity, so as to increase the maximum available capacity of the battery.
  • the discharging device 42 and the charging device 43 may be an integrated charging and discharging device.
  • the integrated charging and discharging device may be realized as a charging and discharging device with a discharge function (for example, a charging pile).
  • the above-mentioned embodiments of the present disclosure can restore the recoverable capacity attenuation generated by part of the battery cell system, so that the battery cell can exert the best performance.
  • the battery recoverable attenuation capacity recovery device described above can be implemented as a general-purpose processor, a programmable logic controller (PLC), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit ( ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any suitable combination thereof.
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the storage medium mentioned can be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc.

Abstract

一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统。恢复方法包括：确定电池的可恢复衰减容量（11）；根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限（12）；指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限（13）。这种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。

Description

电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统
本申请要求享有2019年04月25日提交的名称为“电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统”的中国专利申请CN201910338265.5的优先权，其全部内容通过引用并入本文中。
技术领域
本公开涉及电池领域，特别涉及一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统。
背景技术
电池组最大可用容量的准确估算对剩余容量和剩余能量等估算具有重要意义，也是反映电芯老化状态的重要参数。一般而言，容量衰减对应于电芯内部的不可逆损伤，不能在不破坏电芯结构的情况下恢复。
发明内容
技术人员发现：部分电芯体系存在两个部分的容量衰减：不可恢复的容量衰减和可恢复的容量衰减(类似一种记忆效应)。此处所指可恢复的容量衰减，是指电芯本身性质，不同于因电芯之间的不一致性导致的Pack(电池组)可恢复的容量衰减。其中由于电芯真实老化导致的不可恢复容量衰减反映了电芯的真实老化，但是可恢复的容量衰减则减少了电芯实际可用容量，无法发挥电芯的最佳性能。
鉴于以上技术问题，本公开提供了一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统，可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，包括：
确定电池的可恢复衰减容量；
根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限；
指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限，以提升电池的最大可用容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池为电池组或单个电芯。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池参数下限为电池荷电状态下限或电压下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；
在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
向车辆控制器传输所述相应电池参数下限，以便车辆控制器在车辆端向用户显示所述相应电池参数下限，提示用户将电池放电至所述相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
在预定时间段或确定电池的可恢复衰减容量的时间段，将电器设备设置为保养模式；
在保养模式，指示外部放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
判断充电情况下的起始电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；
在起始电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
判断电池组中是否存在特定电芯，其中，特定电芯为可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的电芯；
在电池组中存在特定电芯的情况下，判断特定电芯的电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；
在特定电芯的电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，计算将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限所需的时间，指示放电装置将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数 下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限还包括：
在电池组开始充电，特定电芯的电池荷电状态不处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置停止将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限的操作。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围不能完全恢复可恢复衰减容量，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围低于预定电池荷电状态阈值。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法还包括：指示充电装置对电池进行充电。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述确定电池的可恢复衰减容量包括：
采用历史工况法或在线估计法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述采用历史工况法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量包括：
统计确定上一次容量恢复后的不同电池荷电状态使用区间与电流倍率的二维直方图；
通过实验统计数据进行累加计算，获得电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限包括：
根据可恢复衰减容量的产生过程和电流电压关系确定相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述可恢复衰减容量的产生过程为产生可恢复容量的电池荷电状态循环区间与时间。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电流电压关系为恒流条件的电压变化曲线或电压容量微分变化曲线。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池为电池组或单个电芯。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池参数下限为电池荷电状态下限或电压下限。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，包括：
可恢复容量确定模块，用于确定电池的可恢复衰减容量；
参数下限确定模块，用于根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限；
放电控制模块，用于指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限，以提升电池的 最大可用容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置用于执行实现如上述任一实施例所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法的操作。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，包括：
存储器，用于存储指令；
处理器，用于执行所述指令，使得所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置执行实现如上述任一实施例所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法的操作。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种电池管理系统，包括如上述任一实施例所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统，包括如上述任一实施例所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，或者包括如上述任一实施例所述的电池管理系统。
本公开可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法一些实施例的示意图。
图2a为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置一些实施例的示意图。
图2b为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置又一些实施例的示意图。
图3为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置另一些实施例的示意图。
图4为本公开电池管理系统一些实施例的示意图。
图5为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统一些实施例的示意图。
图6为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统另一些实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本公开的范围。
同时，应当明白，为了便于描述，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为授权说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有示例中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它示例可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
技术人员发现：由于部分电芯体系在充放电过程中会存在不可恢复容量衰减与可恢复容量衰减两部分；不可恢复容量衰减是由于电芯老化导致的容量不可用，而可恢复容量衰减是电芯在循环过程中经过某种调节而可以再次释放的容量，这部分容量并不能反映电芯的老化状态；当前的电芯可用容量测试时，由于存在可恢复的容量衰减，可能会高估当前电芯的真实老化情况。
基于此，本公开提供了一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法、装置和系统、电池管理系统，可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。
图1为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法一些实施例的示意图。优选的，本实施例可由本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置执行。该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤11，确定电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池可以为电池组或单个电芯。
在本公开的一些实施例中，一个电池组可以包括多个电芯。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤11可以包括：采用历史工况法或在线估计法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述采用历史工况法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量可以包括：统计确定上一次容量恢复后的不同电池荷电状态使用区间与电流倍率的二维直方图；通过实验统计数据进行累加计算，获得电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述采用历史工况法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量可以包括：记录电池组每次充电前的SOC(State of Charge，电池荷电状态，也叫剩余电量)和充电后的SOC，并统计不同SOC使用区间下的循环数和温度，查表确定可恢复容量衰减量的大小。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述采用历史工况法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量可以包括：根据线下标定的不同循环数与温度确定的可恢复衰减容量，标定不同SOC使用区间时的每圈可恢复容量衰减量的大小，或将其通过多项式等函数拟合(注意每循环的衰减量可为正值和负值)；根据每次充电前放电工况的SOC区间累加可恢复容量衰减量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述采用在线估计法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量可以包括：根据电流电压关系计算电池的可恢复衰减容量，例如：根据恒流条件的电压变化曲线或电压容量微分变化曲线计算电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述采用在线估计法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量可以包括：线下对该电池进行电压容量微分变化曲线的分析，确定特定峰的偏移与峰高的变化量；线上根据该对应关系获取可恢复衰减容量。
步骤12，根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池参数下限可以为电池荷电状态下限(SOC下限)或电压下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤12可以包括：根据可恢复衰减容量的产生过程和电流电压关系确定相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述可恢复衰减容量的产生过程可以为产生可恢复容量的电池荷电状态循环区间与时间。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电流电压关系可以为恒流条件的电压变化曲线或电压容量微分变化曲线。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤12可以包括：线下对该电芯进行电压容量微分变化 曲线的分析，确定特定的峰的偏移与峰高的变化量与特定的SOC下限有对应关系；线上根据该对应关系获取特定的SOC下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤12中相应的SOC下限或电压下限可以通过线下标定的方式获得，也可以通过线上计算的方式获得。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤12可以包括：得到不同方式产生的可恢复容量所对应的恢复不同百分比所需的相应的SOC下限或电压下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤12可以包括：判断在线预估可恢复容量是否已大于阈值，影响到车辆等安装有电池的电器设备的使用。如影响到车辆等安装有电池的电器设备使用，则根据可恢复容量的产生方式与电流电压关系计算出恢复容量所需的特定的SOC下限或电压下限。
步骤13，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限，以提升电池的最大可用容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤13可以包括：判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述预定可恢复阈值可以为标称容量的3％。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤13可以包括：采用提醒用户法、充电控制法、定期保养法、均衡法等方法指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，步骤13之后，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法还可以包括：指示充电装置对电池进行充电，以显示出电池最大可用容量的提升。
下面分别对所述四种不同方式将电池放电到相应电池参数下限的步骤说明。
第一、提醒用户法。
在本公开的一些实施例中，提醒用户法可以包括：确定电池的可恢复衰减容量；判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，向车辆控制器(例如VCU(Vehicle Control Unit，整车控制器))传输所述相应电池参数下限，以便车辆控制器在车辆端向用户显示所述相应电池参数下限，提示用户将电池放电至所述相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的另一些实施例中，提醒用户法可以包括：在线计算可恢复衰减容量；判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定 可恢复阈值的情况下，通过用户界面向用户推荐所述相应电池参数下限，以提示车辆使用者在合适的机会放电到所述相应电池参数下限(例如特定的SOC下限或电压下限)。
第二、充电控制法。该方法要求充电桩具备放电功能。
在本公开的一些实施例中，充电控制法可以包括：判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，判断充电情况下的起始电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；在起始电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围不能完全恢复可恢复衰减容量，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围低于预定电池荷电状态阈值。
在本公开的另一些实施例中，充电控制法可以包括：在线计算可恢复衰减容量；判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，插枪后，判断充电时的起始SOC是否在可放电SOC范围内，该判断是因为如果起始SOC过高时进行放电会造成能量浪费。若满足条件，则设置固定的充电流程使得先放电到特定的SOC下限或电压下限时后再开始正常充电。
第三、定期保养法。
在本公开的一些实施例中，定期保养可以包括：在预定时间段或确定电池的可恢复衰减容量的时间段，将电器设备(例如车辆)设置为保养模式；在保养模式，判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，指示外部放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
第四、均衡法。该方法主要用于仅部分电芯出现可恢复容量，没有必要对整个Pack进行调整时。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述均衡法可以包括：判断电池组中是否存在特定电芯，其中，特定电芯为可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的电芯；在电池组中存在特定电芯的情况下，判断特定电芯的电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；在特定电芯的电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，计算将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限所需的时间，指示放电装置将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限；在电池组开始充电，特定电芯的电池荷电状态不处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置停止将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限的操作。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述均衡法可以包括：判断电池组中是否存在特定电芯，其中，特定电芯为可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的电芯；在电池组中存在特定电芯的情况下，判断当特定电芯SOC是否在可放电SOC范围内(在该范围内不能完全恢复可恢复衰减容量，但是该范围低于某预设阈值)，该判断是因为如果起始SOC过高时进行放电会造成能量浪费；若满足条件，计算特定电芯均衡到特定SOC需要时间，开始均衡，其中，所述均衡为指示放电装置停止将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限的操作；均衡在Pack重新开始充电SOC上升导致SOC不在可放电SOC范围后停止。
基于本公开上述实施例提供的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，可以将部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减在放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限时恢复，即放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限后再次充电可以充入更多的容量，且可恢复容量恢复后可以长时间保持。
本公开上述实施例可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。
下面通过具体实施例对第二方案(充电控制法)进行说明。
在本公开的一些实施例中，基于充电控制的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法可以包括：
步骤1，在线计算可恢复容量，得到可恢复容量为标称容量的5％，高于预定可恢复阈值，认为需要进行恢复。
在本公开的一些实施例中，具体的可恢复容量计算方法(历史工况法)举例可以包括：统计获取上一次容量恢复后的不同SOC使用区间-电流倍率二维直方图，通过线下实验统计数据进行累加计算，获得可恢复容量的数值。
步骤2，根据电压容量微分变化曲线，计算得到特定的SOC下限。如放电至30％SOC，可恢复3％容量，放电至20％，可恢复5％容量。将特定的SOC下限设为20％以完全恢复。
在本公开的一些实施例中，特定的SOC下限根据实验得出。但不同的工况下具体数值均不相同。
在本公开的一些实施例中，计算得到特定的SOC下限的具体方法可以包括：线下对该电芯进行电压容量微分变化曲线的分析，特定的峰的偏移与峰高的变化量与特定的 SOC下限有对应关系，线上根据该对应关系获取特定的SOC下限。
步骤3，使用充电控制法进行容量恢复。在充电起始时SOC为25％，BMS(Battery Management System，电池管理系统)对充电桩发出放电指令，先放电至20％，然后进行正常充电。
图2a为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置一些实施例的示意图。如图2所示，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置可以包括可恢复容量确定模块21、参数下限确定模块22和放电控制模块23，其中：
可恢复容量确定模块21，用于确定电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池可以为电池组或单个电芯。
在本公开的一些实施例中，一个电池组可以包括多个电芯。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于采用历史工况法或在线估计法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于统计确定上一次容量恢复后的不同电池荷电状态使用区间与电流倍率的二维直方图；通过实验统计数据进行累加计算，获得电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于根据历史数据构建可恢复衰减容量估计模型，将当前电池参数输入可恢复衰减容量估计模型，确定电池的当前可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于记录电池组每次充电前的SOC和充电后的SOC，并统计不同SOC使用区间下的循环数和温度，查表确定可恢复容量衰减量的大小。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于根据线下标定的不同循环数与温度确定的可恢复衰减容量，标定不同SOC使用区间时的每圈可恢复容量衰减量的大小，或将其通过多项式等函数拟合(注意每循环的衰减量可为正值和负值)；根据每次充电前放电工况的SOC区间累加可恢复容量衰减量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于根据电流电压关系计算电池的可恢复衰减容量，例如：根据恒流条件的电压变化曲线或电压容量微分变化曲线计算电池的可恢复衰减容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，可恢复容量确定模块21可以用于线下对该电池进行电压容量微分变化曲线的分析，确定特定峰的偏移与峰高的变化量；线上根据该对应关系获取电池的可恢复衰减容量
参数下限确定模块22，用于根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池参数下限可以为电池荷电状态下限(SOC下限)或电压下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，参数下限确定模块22可以用于根据可恢复衰减容量的产生过程和电流电压关系确定相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述可恢复衰减容量的产生过程可以为产生可恢复容量的电池荷电状态循环区间与时间。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电流电压关系可以为恒流条件的电压变化曲线或电压容量微分变化曲线。
在本公开的一些实施例中，参数下限确定模块22可以用于线下对该电芯进行电压容量微分变化曲线的分析，确定特定的峰的偏移与峰高的变化量与特定的SOC下限有对应关系；线上根据该对应关系获取特定的SOC下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，相应的SOC下限或电压下限可以通过线下标定的方式获得，也可以通过线上计算的方式获得。
在本公开的一些实施例中，参数下限确定模块22可以用于得到不同方式产生的可恢复容量所对应的恢复不同百分比所需的相应的SOC下限或电压下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，参数下限确定模块22可以用于判断在线预估可恢复容量是否已大于阈值，影响到车辆等安装有电池的电器设备的使用。如影响到车辆等安装有电池的电器设备使用，则根据可恢复容量的产生方式与电流电压关系计算出恢复容量所需的特定的SOC下限或电压下限。
放电控制模块23，用于指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限，以提升电池的最大可用容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于在不同的电池工况下，采用相 应的控制策略指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于采用提醒用户法、充电控制法、定期保养法、均衡法等方法指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，向车辆控制器传输所述相应电池参数下限，以便车辆控制器在车辆端向用户显示所述相应电池参数下限，提示用户将电池放电至所述相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，判断充电情况下的起始电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；在起始电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围不能完全恢复可恢复衰减容量，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围低于预定电池荷电状态阈值。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于在预定时间段或确定电池的可恢复衰减容量的时间段，将电器设备设置为保养模式；在保养模式，判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，指示外部放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23可以用于判断电池组中是否存在特定电芯，其中，特定电芯为可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的电芯；在电池组中存在特定电芯的情况下，判断特定电芯的电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；在特定电芯的电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，计算将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限所需的时间，指示放电装置将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电控制模块23还可以用于在电池组开始充电，特定电芯的电池荷电状态不处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置停止将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限的操作。
图2b为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置又一些实施例的示意图。与图2a实施例相比，图2b中，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置可以包括充电控制模块24，其中：
充电控制模块24，用于指示充电装置对电池进行充电，以显示出电池最大可用容量的提升。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置用于执行实现如上述任一实施例(例如图1实施例)所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法的操作。
基于本公开上述实施例提供的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，可以将部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减在放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限时恢复，即放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限后再次充电可以充入更多的容量，且可恢复容量恢复后可以长时间保持。
图3为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置另一些实施例的示意图。如图3所示，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置可以包括存储器31和处理器32，其中：
存储器31，用于存储指令。
处理器32，用于执行所述指令，使得所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置执行实现如上述任一实施例(例如图1实施例)所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法的操作。
本公开上述实施例可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。
图4为本公开电池管理系统一些实施例的示意图。如图4所示，所述电池管理系统可以包括电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41，其中：
所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41可以为如上述任一实施例(例如图2或图3实施例)所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置。
基于本公开上述实施例提供的电池管理系统，可以将部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减在放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限时恢复，即放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限后再次充电可以充入更多的容量，且可恢复容量恢复后可以长时间保持。
图5为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统一些实施例的示意图。如图5所示，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统可以包括：可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41、放电装置42和充电装置43，其中：
可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41，可以为如上述任一实施例(例如图2或图3实施例) 所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置。
放电装置42，用于根据可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41的指示，将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
充电装置43，用于根据可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41的指示，在电池放电到相应电池参数下限的情况下，对电池进行充电，以提升电池的最大可用容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电装置42和充电装置43可以一体化设置的充放电装置。
在本公开的一些实施例中，一体化设置的充放电装置可以实现为具备放电功能的充放电装置(例如：充电桩)。
基于本公开上述实施例提供的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统，可以将部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减在放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限时恢复，即放电至特定的SOC下限或电压下限后再次充电可以充入更多的容量，且可恢复容量恢复后可以长时间保持。
图6为本公开电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统另一些实施例的示意图。如图6所示，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统可以包括：电池管理系统61、放电装置42和充电装置43，其中：
电池管理系统61，可以为如上述任一实施例(例如图4实施例)所述的电池管理系统。
放电装置42，用于根据可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41的指示，将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
充电装置43，用于根据可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置41的指示，在电池放电到相应电池参数下限的情况下，对电池进行充电，以提升电池的最大可用容量。
在本公开的一些实施例中，放电装置42和充电装置43可以一体化设置的充放电装置。
在本公开的一些实施例中，一体化设置的充放电装置可以实现为具备放电功能的充放电装置(例如：充电桩)。
本公开上述实施例可以恢复部分电芯体系产生的可恢复容量衰减，使得电芯可以发挥出最佳性能。
在上面所描述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置可以实现为用于执行本公开所描述功能的通用处理器、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件或者其任意适当组合。
至此，已经详细描述了本公开。为了避免遮蔽本公开的构思，没有描述本领域所公知的一些细节。本领域技术人员根据上面的描述，完全可以明白如何实施这里公开的技术方案。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过硬件来完成，也可以通过程序来指示相关的硬件完成，所述的程序可以存储于一种计算机可读存储介质中，上述提到的存储介质可以是只读存储器，磁盘或光盘等。
本公开的描述是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本公开限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显然的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本公开的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本公开从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，包括：
    确定电池的可恢复衰减容量；
    根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限；
    指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
    判断电池的可恢复衰减容量是否大于预定可恢复阈值；
    在电池的可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，
    所述电池为电池组或单个电芯；
    和/或，
    所述电池参数下限为电池荷电状态下限或电压下限。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
    向车辆控制器传输所述相应电池参数下限，以便车辆控制器在车辆端向用户显示所述相应电池参数下限，提示用户将电池放电至所述相应电池参数下限。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
    在预定时间段或确定电池的可恢复衰减容量的时间段，将电器设备设置为保养模式；
    在保养模式，指示外部放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
    判断充电情况下的起始电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；
    在起始电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限包括：
    判断电池组中是否存在特定电芯，其中，特定电芯为可恢复衰减容量大于预定可恢复阈值的电芯；
    在电池组中存在特定电芯的情况下，判断特定电芯的电池荷电状态是否处于可放电电池荷电状态范围；
    在特定电芯的电池荷电状态处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，计算将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限所需的时间，指示放电装置将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限还包括：
    在电池组开始充电，特定电芯的电池荷电状态不处于可放电电池荷电状态范围的情况下，指示放电装置停止将特定电芯放电到相应电池参数下限的操作。
  9. 根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，
    所述可放电电池荷电状态范围不能完全恢复可恢复衰减容量，所述可放电电池荷电状态范围低于预定电池荷电状态阈值。
  10. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法还包括：指示充电装置对电池进行充电；
    和/或，
    所述确定电池的可恢复衰减容量包括：采用历史工况法或在线估计法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述采用历史工况法确定电池的可恢复衰减容量包括：
    统计确定上一次容量恢复后的不同电池荷电状态使用区间与电流倍率的二维直方图；
    通过实验统计数据进行累加计算，获得电池的可恢复衰减容量。
  12. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，所述根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限包括：
    根据可恢复衰减容量的产生过程和电流电压关系确定相应电池参数下限。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法，其中，
    所述可恢复衰减容量的产生过程为产生可恢复容量的电池荷电状态循环区间与时间；
    和/或，
    所述电流电压关系为恒流条件的电压变化曲线或电压容量微分变化曲线。
  14. 一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，其中，包括：
    可恢复容量确定模块，用于确定电池的可恢复衰减容量；
    参数下限确定模块，用于根据电池的可恢复衰减容量确定相应电池参数下限；
    放电控制模块，用于指示放电装置将电池放电到相应电池参数下限。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，其其中，所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置用于执行实现如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法的操作。
  16. 一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，其中，包括：
    存储器，用于存储指令；
    处理器，用于执行所述指令，使得所述电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置执行实现如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复方法的操作。
  17. 一种电池管理系统，其中，包括如权利要求14-16中任何一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置。
  18. 一种电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复系统，其中，包括如权利要求14-16中任何一项所述的电池可恢复衰减容量的恢复装置，或者包括如权利要求17所述的电池管理系统。
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CN110988689A (zh) 2020-04-10
US20200341073A1 (en) 2020-10-29
JP7481273B2 (ja) 2024-05-10
EP3731324A1 (en) 2020-10-28
US11486934B2 (en) 2022-11-01

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