WO2020215688A1 - 一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺 - Google Patents
一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020215688A1 WO2020215688A1 PCT/CN2019/117757 CN2019117757W WO2020215688A1 WO 2020215688 A1 WO2020215688 A1 WO 2020215688A1 CN 2019117757 W CN2019117757 W CN 2019117757W WO 2020215688 A1 WO2020215688 A1 WO 2020215688A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of steel smelting, in particular to an ultra-low carbon and ultra-low sulfur steel smelting process.
- Pipeline transportation is the most economical and reasonable long-distance transportation method for oil and natural gas, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, economy and safety.
- transportation pipelines are developing in the direction of large diameter and high pressure.
- Pipeline steel requires high low temperature crack arrest toughness and good weldability while requiring high strength.
- natural gas is purified before transportation, pipeline corrosion caused by the presence of H 2 S and water is still inevitable.
- Corrosion also occurs in pipeline steel in gas transportation areas.
- Hydrogen sulfide acid corrosion in pipelines is one of the main forms of gas pipeline corrosion. This corrosion damage is mainly caused by hydrogen-induced cracking, sulfur-induced stress corrosion cracking and electrochemical corrosion.
- Acid corrosion-resistant pipeline steel is the most difficult type of steel for petroleum pipeline production. It has extremely high requirements for the control of molten steel cleanliness and continuous casting billet center segregation. It is close to the limit control in terms of controlling the carbon and sulfur content of molten steel, so it is resistant to acid corrosion Pipeline steel production technology, especially the research and development of steelmaking technology has extremely important significance.
- the LF furnace uses three graphite electrodes to heat up the molten steel, the carbon component in the molten steel will be consumed by the erosion of the molten steel during the LF furnace smelting process. And increase, thus forming a contradiction between carbon control and desulfurization in molten steel.
- the present invention provides an ultra-low carbon and ultra-low sulfur steel smelting process, including molten iron inversion ⁇ hot metal pretreatment ⁇ converter smelting ⁇ RH furnace vacuum ⁇ LF furnace refining ⁇ continuous casting production, wherein LF furnace refining includes LF furnace control carbon, LF furnace deep desulfurization and LF furnace removal of inclusions,
- the LF furnace carbon control the LF furnace adopts short arc heating in the early stage, and controls the bottom blowing flow rate of 150 ⁇ 200NL/min; after the slag is melted, the slag material is continuously added according to the slag condition, and the slag basicity, fluidity and thickness of the slag layer are adjusted in time to ensure the alkalinity of the slag
- the slag fluidity is between 7 ⁇ 10 and the slag fluidity is 50 ⁇ 80NL/min
- the slag surface will creep without crusting, and the thickness of the slag layer will be between 10 ⁇ 15cm; after the submerged arc is stabilized, the temperature will be increased quickly by a large number of stages, and the station will be discharged according to the RH furnace.
- the aluminum content is adjusted by the aluminum feeding wire for the aluminum composition of the molten steel.
- the aluminum wire is added to deoxidize the slag, and according to the production rhythm, the heating operation or the electrode raising and bottom blowing and stirring desulfurization operation are selected.
- LF furnace deep desulfurization when the LF furnace's deep desulfurization operation is postponed until the temperature rises to the target temperature ⁇ 10°C, the electrode is lifted, the bottom blowing and bypass operation is adopted, and the CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 ternary alkaline slag is used
- the system is deep desulfurization, the basicity of the process is controlled at 6.0-8.0, the amount of steel slag per ton is controlled at 12.5 ⁇ 15.5kg (including converter tapping slag), the content of FeO and MnO in the slag is less than 0.8%, and the refining process maintains a slight positive pressure to ensure that the furnace Good reducing atmosphere inside;
- the LF furnace to remove inclusions calcium treatment is carried out after the composition and temperature are qualified.
- the calcium treatment adopts seamless pure calcium cored wire, presses the first furnace 250 ⁇ 10m, continuous casting path 220 ⁇ 10m, and feeds at the speed of 200m/min; the calcium treatment ends
- the post static stirring time is required to be ⁇ 15min, and the bottom blowing flow rate of soft stirring is accurately controlled at 30 ⁇ 50NL/min.
- the present invention relates to converter oxygen tapping, natural decarburization using RH vacuum process, LF refining process delays the opportunity of slag deoxidation, using residual oxygen in the slag to remove the carbon content consumed by the electrode, reducing the carbon content of molten steel, and using small
- the bottom blowing and large electrode power quickly heat up, reducing the carbon content of the electrode from the molten steel’s erosion, and the end-point carbon content is effectively controlled within 0.003%;
- the converter tapping sulfur content is controlled within 0.009%, the RH vacuum is completed, the molten steel is pre-deoxidized, and the oxygen content of the outlet molten steel is controlled within 20ppm;
- the LF furnace is rapidly heated, the bottom blowing argon stirring process is controlled during the refining process, and the white slag is continuously formed
- hot metal pretreatment uses ladle injection desulfurization auxiliary surge type slagging slagging device to ensure that the sulfur content in the molten iron is less than 0.0030% , The sulfur recovery after converter blowing is less than 0.0020%.
- the slagging material lime is 50 ⁇ 65kg/t
- light burned dolomite is 15 ⁇ 25kg/t
- the slag alkalinity is controlled at 3.5 ⁇ 4.0
- the carbon content of the final molten steel is controlled at 0.03% ⁇ 0.05%
- the oxygen content is at 600 ⁇ 900ppm
- the tapping temperature is controlled at ⁇ 1660°C to ensure that the temperature of the RH furnace is not less than 1580°C; when tapping, the slag stop operation is adopted to control the tapping time not less than 3.5min and the slag thickness not to exceed 50mm to prevent phosphorus return; According to the end point carbon and oxygen content, the steel tapping adopts weak de
- the decarburization time is 3 to 5 minutes, and natural decarburization
- the final carbon content of the molten steel should be controlled at ⁇ 0.010%; after decarburization, the molten steel should be deoxidized and alloyed to control the Alt: 0.030% to 0.060% in the steel. After deoxidation, the oxygen in the molten steel should be within 20ppm, and the vacuum retention time after alloying is completed ⁇ 15min.
- the slag method can protect the whole process of pouring; the nitrogen increase in the continuous casting process is controlled within 5ppm.
- the present invention completes the determination of the optimal value of oxygen content during the oxygen retention of the 150T converter during tapping, avoiding excessively high oxygen content, high desulfurization pressure in the LF furnace, and low oxygen content, which cannot fully utilize the residual oxygen in the slag Reacts with the carbon consumed by the electrode, leading to serious direct carbon increase of molten steel, which stabilizes the composition control of molten steel;
- the optimal value of the aluminum block addition is determined, which avoids excessive addition of aluminum blocks and excessive aluminum content in the molten steel, which directly reacts with the oxygen in the slag , Reduce the residual oxygen in the slag, fail to achieve the purpose of LF furnace using residual oxygen to consume the electrode carbon, and add too little aluminum, molten steel deoxidation is not complete, LF furnace desulfurization pressure is high, stabilize the composition control of molten steel ;
- the LF furnace delays the slag deoxidation timing and delays the slag deoxidation timing until the molten steel temperature reaches the target temperature ⁇ 10°C, and makes good use of the residual oxygen in the slag to consume the graphite electrode consumed during the heating process.
- Carbon so that the carbon no longer enters the molten steel, but reacts with the residual oxygen in the slag to generate CO bubbles and discharge, which is also conducive to the formation of foam slag and improves the heating efficiency;
- An ultra-low carbon and ultra-low sulfur steel smelting process provided in this embodiment includes molten iron inversion ⁇ hot metal pretreatment ⁇ converter smelting ⁇ RH furnace vacuum ⁇ LF furnace refining ⁇ continuous casting production, specifically:
- the blast furnace hot metal is first desulfurized by hot metal pretreatment.
- the hot metal pretreatment uses the ladle injection desulfurization auxiliary surge type slagging slagging device, the temperature drop of the molten iron desulfurization is small, the slagging is clean, the desulfurization rate can reach more than 85%, and the sulfur content in the molten iron into the furnace is less than 0.0030%. After blowing, the sulfur recovery is less than 0.0020%.
- the molten iron after desulfurization is smelted in a top-bottom combined blowing converter, and the lance position is reasonably controlled in the early stage of smelting, so that the slag can be converted early and the slag can be converted as soon as possible, and the initial slag with high alkalinity, high FeO and good fluidity can be formed as soon as possible.
- the oxygen content reserved in the molten steel after the converter is tapped, and reduce the CO gas partial pressure of the [C]+[O] [CO] reaction by vacuuming, and maintain the vacuum pressure at 80-100mbar for 2 minutes; the vacuum degree after the carbon-oxygen reaction is gentle Control within 5mbar, adopt a large circulating gas flow rate of 1200 ⁇ 1400L/min for vacuum cycle, decarburization time 3 ⁇ 5min, after natural decarburization, the end point carbon content of molten steel should be controlled at ⁇ 0.010%; after decarburization, the molten steel is deoxidized Alloying, controlling the Alt in steel: 0.030% ⁇ 0.060%. After deoxidation, the oxygen in molten steel is within 20ppm. After alloying, the vacuum holding time is ⁇ 15min to ensure uniform alloy composition and degassing effect.
- the LF furnace smelting process needs to control the carbon increase and deep desulfurization of the molten steel to ensure that the composition of the molten steel is qualified. At the same time, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the molten steel to ensure that the temperature of the molten steel is pourable. Because the LF furnace uses three graphite electrode heating characteristics, the heating process must be The graphite electrode is scoured by molten steel to cause the carbon increase of molten steel. How to reduce the carbon increase of graphite electrode during the smelting process has become the key to LF furnace smelting.
- the LF furnace adopts short arc heating in the early stage, and controls the bottom blowing flow rate of 150-200NL/min to avoid poor submerged arc in the early stage, which may increase the carbon and increase of molten steel.
- Nitrogen After the slag is melted, the slag is continuously added according to the slag condition, and the slag is adjusted in time to adjust the slag basicity, fluidity and slag layer thickness in time to ensure that the slag basicity is 7-10, and the slag fluidity is 50-80NL/min.
- Creeping, non-crusting, and the thickness of the slag layer is between 10 and 15 cm to ensure good submerged arc effect and prevent molten steel from washing the electrode; after the submerged arc is stabilized, a large number of rapid heating is adopted, and the original process (feeding aluminum wire and slag).
- the method of adding aluminum wire on the surface to precipitate and diffuse the molten steel is changed to adjust the aluminum composition of the molten steel according to the aluminum content of the RH furnace to adjust the aluminum feed line to delay the slag deoxidation time (because the aluminum block is added after the vacuum process of the RH furnace For molten steel deoxidation, the outbound aluminum composition is: 0.030% to 0.060%, indicating that the oxygen content in molten steel is already very low.
- Delaying the timing of slag deoxidation is to use residual oxygen in the slag to react with the carbon produced by electrode consumption. CO gas is discharged, and will not pollute the molten steel, thereby reducing the carbon increase of the molten steel).
- the temperature rises to the target temperature ⁇ 10°C start to add aluminum wire to deoxidize the slag, and choose to continue the heating operation or increase the electrode size according to the production rhythm. Bottom blowing and stirring desulfurization operation.
- the desulfurization efficiency is low at this time, and the large bottom blowing is used blindly. Electrode heating and desulfurization can easily cause molten steel to scour the electrode and increase the carbon seriously.
- the deep desulfurization operation of the LF furnace is postponed until the temperature rises to the target temperature ⁇ 10°C. The electrode is lifted, the bottom blowing and the bypass operation is adopted, and CaO-Al 2 O is used.
- 3- SiO 2 ternary alkaline slag system for deep desulfurization the basicity of the process is controlled at 6.0-8.0, the amount of steel slag per ton is controlled at 12.5-15.5kg (including converter tapping slag), and the content of FeO and MnO in the slag is less than 0.8%.
- the refining process maintains a slight positive pressure to ensure a good reducing atmosphere in the furnace.
- Calcium treatment is carried out after the composition and temperature are qualified.
- the calcium treatment adopts seamless pure calcium cored wire, presses the top furnace 250 ⁇ 10m, and connects the pouring path 220 ⁇ 10m, and feeds at a speed of 200m/min to ensure that the calcium wire reacts in the lower part of the ladle Uniformity, fully denature the inclusions in the molten steel, and at the same time reduce the secondary oxidation of the molten steel caused by the violent reaction of the calcium line on the surface of the molten steel, to ensure all the denaturation of the sulfide inclusions; after the calcium treatment, the static stirring time requires ⁇ 15min, and the bottom blowing flow rate of soft stirring is accurate Control at 30 ⁇ 50NL/min to make inclusions fully aggregate and float.
- the tundish starts to blow argon until the first round of the tundish covering agent
- the long nozzle is used to connect from the large package to the middle package, and the positive pressure of argon gas is used to protect the molten steel
- the middle package is added with carbon-free covering agent, the middle package is immersed in the nozzle, and the mold is added with special protective slag for pipeline steel. The whole process of pouring is protected; the nitrogen increase in the continuous casting process is controlled within 5ppm.
- Control of superheat and drawing speed control 10 ⁇ 25°C of superheat, target 10 ⁇ 20°C, low superheat constant drawing speed pouring; control the insertion depth of the nozzle, strict mold nozzle centering, and avoid mold molten steel The surface fluctuates greatly, causing molten steel to entrap slag.
- the invention adopts hot metal pretreatment deep desulfurization and slagging, deep dephosphorization during converter treatment process, oxygen-retaining (600-900ppm) tapping, composite refining slag top slag modification, natural decarburization during RH vacuum process, and LF refining process delays slag deoxidation timing ,
- Use the residual oxygen in the slag to remove the carbon content consumed by the electrode, reduce the carbon increase of the molten steel, use small bottom blowing and large electrode power to quickly heat up, reduce the erosion and carbon increase of the electrode by the molten steel, and the end carbon content is effectively controlled within 0.003%; After the temperature is appropriate, use high temperature and large bottom blowing to stir deep desulfurization.
- the inclusions in the molten steel are denatured by calcium treatment, and the denatured inclusions are floated up by soft blowing and adsorbed by the slag to ensure that the carbon and sulfur components meet the performance while reducing the steel
- the present invention implements the production process of molten iron desulfurization pretreatment ⁇ converter smelting ⁇ RH vacuum decarburization treatment ⁇ LF refining ⁇ slab continuous casting, and each process is closely coordinated to realize the batch and stable production of ultra-low carbon and low sulfur steel.
- the composition of molten steel can be controlled to: [C] ⁇ 0.03%; [P] ⁇ 0.013%; [S] ⁇ 0.0010%; [N] ⁇ 0.0050%, which can reduce harmful elements in molten steel and improve the purity of molten steel Purpose, to meet the requirements of on-site mass production.
- the present invention may also have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacements or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域,包括铁水倒罐→铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→RH炉真空→LF炉精炼→连铸生产,其中LF炉精炼包括LF炉控碳、LF炉深脱硫和LF炉去夹杂。该工艺减少了钢种在LF炉冶炼过程中的增碳,且稳定降低钢水中的硫含量,满足抗酸管线的性能要求,该超低碳超低硫钢的冶炼工艺,C、S成分控制稳定,且非金属夹杂物有效控制,铸坯内部质量良好,钢板探伤合格率控制在99.5%以上,完全满足生产需要。
Description
本发明涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域,特别是涉及一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺。
管道输送是石油、天然气最经济、合理的长距离运输方式,具有高效、经济、安全等特点。目前输送管道正向大口径、高压力方向发展,管线钢在要求高强度的同时还要求具有高的低温止裂韧性和良好焊接性。20世纪70年代以来,各国石油、天然气的开发条件发生了明显变化,目前虽然天然气在输送前进行了净化处理,但H
2S及水的存在引起管道腐蚀仍然不可避免,还有一些特殊油、气输送地区的管线钢也会发生腐蚀现象。管线内部硫化氢酸性腐蚀是输气管线腐蚀的主要形式之一,这种腐蚀破坏主要是由氢致裂纹、硫致应力腐蚀开裂和电化学腐蚀三种方式引起的。为保证油气输送安全性,近年来管线钢对抗腐蚀能力,特别是抗氢致裂纹(HIC)和硫化物应力腐蚀(SCC)的要求越来越高。抗酸腐蚀管线钢是石油管线用钢生产难度最大的一类,其对钢水洁净度和连铸坯中心偏析的控制要求极高,在控制钢水碳、硫含量方面接近极限控制,所以抗酸腐蚀管线钢生产工艺,特别是炼钢工艺的研发有着极其重要的意义。
随着钢铁行业的迅速发展,管道用钢管对钢的性能要求越来越严格,不仅要求具有高强度、高的低温止裂韧性及良好的焊接性,对特殊地区的管线钢还要求有抗H
2S酸性腐蚀能力。为了提高钢材抗氢致开裂和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂能力,必须尽可能的降低钢中碳、磷、硫、氧、氮、氢杂质元素的含量和控制非金属夹杂物的数量、形态和尺寸,提高钢水的纯净度。目前国内钢厂炼钢工序中大部分采用LF炉精炼工序,由于LF炉使用三项石墨电极给钢水升温的特性,造成LF炉冶炼过程中,钢水中的碳成分会受钢水对电极的冲刷消耗而增加,从而形成了钢水中的控碳与脱硫形成了矛盾。
由于此钢种对钢水中的碳、硫含量要求极其严格,目前国内各大钢厂对于 抗酸管线的成材率都普遍偏低,如果能够稳定控制钢种的碳、硫成分含量,提高抗酸管线的成材率,在判废品的浪费以及石油输送管道的安全性能上都将取代较大的经济效益。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,包括铁水倒罐→铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→RH炉真空→LF炉精炼→连铸生产,其中LF炉精炼包括LF炉控碳、LF炉深脱硫和LF炉去夹杂,
LF炉控碳:LF炉前期采用短弧加热,控制底吹流量150~200NL/min;炉渣熔化后根据渣况不断补充渣料,及时调整炉渣碱度、流动性及渣层厚度,确保炉渣碱度在7~10,炉渣流动性50~80NL/min流量时渣面蠕动、不结壳,渣层厚度在10~15cm之间;埋弧稳定后采用大级数快速升温,根据RH炉出站铝含量对钢水铝成分进行喂铝线调整,当温度升至目标温度±10℃时,开始加铝丝对炉渣进行渣脱氧,并根据生产节奏选取继续升温操作或者提电极大底吹搅拌脱硫操作;
LF炉深脱硫:LF炉的深脱硫操作推迟至温度升至目标温度±10℃时,采取提电极,大底吹加旁通操作,采用CaO-Al
2O
3-SiO
2三元碱性渣系深脱硫,过程碱度控制在6.0~8.0,吨钢渣量控制在12.5~15.5kg(含转炉出钢渣料),渣中的FeO和MnO含量小于0.8%,精炼过程保持微正压,确保炉内良好的还原性气氛;
LF炉去夹杂:成分、温度合格后进行钙处理,钙处理采用无缝纯钙包芯线,按头炉250±10m,连浇路220±10m,以200m/min速度喂入;钙处理结束后静搅时间要求≥15min,软搅拌底吹流量精确控制在30~50NL/min。
技术效果:本发明涉及到转炉留氧出钢,利用RH真空过程自然脱碳,LF精炼过程推迟渣脱氧时机,利用渣中的残余氧脱掉电极消耗的碳含量,降低钢水增碳,利用小底吹、大电极功率快速升温,降低钢水对电极的冲刷增碳,终点 碳含量有效控制在0.003%以内;通过铁水预处理深脱硫及扒渣处理,使用低硫自产废钢等优质原辅料吹炼,转炉出钢硫含量控制在0.009%以内,RH真空结束对钢水进行预脱氧,控制出站钢水氧含量20ppm以内;LF炉快速升温,精炼过程底吹氩搅拌工艺控制、白渣形成后不断调整保持等方式,钢水终点硫控制在0.0010%以内,从而达到对钢种碳、硫成分的要求。减少钢种在LF炉冶炼过程中的增碳,且稳定降低钢水中的硫含量,满足抗酸管线的性能要求,成功开发了一种超低碳超低硫钢的冶炼工艺,C、S成分控制稳定,且非金属夹杂物有效控制,铸坯内部质量良好,钢板探伤合格率控制在99.5%以上,完全满足生产需要。
本发明进一步限定的技术方案是:
前所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,铁水预处理:铁水预处理选用铁水包喷吹法脱硫辅助涌动式聚渣扒渣装置,保证入炉铁水中硫含量小于0.0030%,转炉吹炼后回硫量小于0.0020%。
前所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,转炉冶炼:将脱硫后的铁水采用顶底复吹转炉进行冶炼,冶炼前期合理控制枪位,做到早化渣、化好渣,尽快形成高碱度、高FeO且流动性好的初期渣,加强底吹搅拌,强化前期脱磷;中后期严格控制脱碳速度,避免炉渣返干和升温过快、过高导致回磷;转炉吹炼过程造渣料石灰50~65kg/t、轻烧白云石15~25kg/t,炉渣碱度控制在3.5~4.0;终点钢水碳含量控制在0.03%~0.05%,氧含量在600~900ppm,出钢温度控制在≥1660℃,确保到RH炉温度不低于1580℃;出钢时采用挡渣操作,控制出钢时间不少于3.5min,渣厚不超过50mm,以防回磷;根据终点碳和氧含量,出钢采用弱脱氧,留氧出钢,控制钢包钢水中氧含量500~600ppm。
前所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,RH炉真空:利用转炉出钢后钢水中预留氧含量,通过抽真空降低[C]+[O]=[CO]反应的CO气体分压,在真空压力80~100mbar保持2min;碳氧反应平缓后真空度控制在5mbar以内,采用大的 环流气体流量1200~1400L/min进行真空循环,脱碳时间3~5min,自然脱碳后钢水终点碳含量要求控制在≤0.010%;脱碳结束后对钢水进行脱氧合金化,控制钢中Alt:0.030%~0.060%,脱氧后钢水中氧在20ppm以内,合金化结束后真空保持时间≥15min。
前所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,连铸浇注:钢包水口清理干净,加强引流砂的灌砂操作;大包开浇前5min中包开始吹氩气,一直到第一轮中包覆盖剂添加结束;从大包到中包使用长水口连接,通入氩气正压保护钢液;中包加无碳覆盖剂、中包浸入式水口,结晶器加管线钢专用保护渣手段,做到全程保护浇注;连铸工序增氮控制在5ppm以内。
前所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,过热度与拉速的控制:过热度控制10~25℃,目标10~20℃,低过热度恒拉速浇注;控制好水口的插入深度,严格结晶器水口对中。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明完成了150T转炉留氧出钢时氧含量最佳值的确定,避免了氧含量过高,LF炉脱硫压力大,以及氧含量过低时,不能充分利用炉渣中的残余氧与电极消耗的碳反应,导致钢水直接增碳严重的情况发生,稳定了钢水的成分控制;
(2)本发明完成了RH炉脱碳后加铝脱氧时,铝块加入量最佳值的确定,避免了铝块加入过多,钢水中的铝成分过高,直接与炉渣中的氧反应,降低炉渣中的残余氧,起不到LF炉利用残余氧消耗掉电极增碳的目的,以及铝块加入过少,钢水脱氧不完全,LF炉脱硫压力大的情况,稳定了钢水的成分控制;
(3)本发明中LF炉通过推迟渣脱氧时机,将渣脱氧时机推迟至钢水温度达到目标温度±10℃时进行,很好地利用炉渣中的残余氧来消耗升温过程中石墨电极所消耗的碳,使这些碳不再进入钢水,而是与炉渣中的残余氧反应生成 CO气泡排出,也有利于泡沫渣的形成,提高升温效率;
(4)本发明中LF炉通过牺牲前期的动力学条件,降低脱硫效率来保证降低钢水的增碳量,利用后期的高温、大底吹搅拌及良好的炉渣流动性等因素来弥补,很好地完成了深脱硫与控碳的平衡,使两者不再矛盾。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,包括铁水倒罐→铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→RH炉真空→LF炉精炼→连铸生产,具体为:
1、铁水预处理
为控制转炉终点硫含量,避免LF炉渣碱度过高影响夹杂物吸附,高炉铁水首先经铁水预处理进行脱硫。铁水预处理选用铁水包喷吹法脱硫辅助涌动式聚渣扒渣装置,铁水脱硫温降小,扒渣干净,脱硫率可达85%以上,保证入炉铁水中硫含量小于0.0030%,转炉吹炼后回硫量小于0.0020%。
2、转炉冶炼
将脱硫后的铁水采用顶底复吹转炉进行冶炼,冶炼前期合理控制枪位,做到早化渣、化好渣,尽快形成高碱度、高FeO且流动性好的初期渣,加强底吹搅拌,强化前期脱磷;中后期严格控制脱碳速度,避免炉渣返干和升温过快、过高导致回磷;转炉吹炼过程造渣料石灰50~65kg/t、轻烧白云石15~25kg/t,炉渣碱度控制在3.5~4.0;终点钢水碳含量控制在0.03%~0.05%,氧含量在600~900ppm,出钢温度控制在≥1660℃,确保到RH炉温度不低于1580℃;出钢时采用挡渣操作,控制出钢时间不少于3.5min,渣厚不超过50mm,以防回磷;根据终点碳和氧含量,出钢采用弱脱氧,留氧出钢,控制钢包钢水中氧含量500~600ppm。
3、RH炉真空
利用转炉出钢后钢水中预留氧含量,通过抽真空降低[C]+[O]=[CO]反应的CO气体分压,在真空压力80~100mbar保持2min;碳氧反应平缓后真空度控制在5mbar以内,采用大的环流气体流量1200~1400L/min进行真空循环,脱碳时间3~5min,自然脱碳后钢水终点碳含量要求控制在≤0.010%;脱碳结束后对钢水进行脱氧合金化,控制钢中Alt:0.030%~0.060%,脱氧后钢水中氧在20ppm以内,合金化结束后真空保持时间≥15min,确保合金成分均匀和脱气效果。
4、LF炉精炼
LF炉冶炼过程需要控制钢水增碳及深脱硫,保证钢水成分合格,同时又需要对钢水升温,保证钢水温度具有可浇性,由于LF炉使用三项石墨电极升温的特性,升温过程必定会有石墨电极被钢水冲刷造成钢水增碳现象,如何降低冶炼过程石墨电极增碳成了LF炉冶炼的关键。
4.1、LF炉控碳
由于钢水到站初始温度较低,炉渣流动性较差、渣层厚度不够,LF炉前期采用短弧加热,控制底吹流量150~200NL/min,避免前期埋弧不好导致钢水增碳、增氮;炉渣熔化后根据渣况不断补充渣料,及时调整炉渣及时调整炉渣碱度、流动性及渣层厚度,确保炉渣碱度在7~10,炉渣流动性50~80NL/min流量时渣面蠕动、不结壳,渣层厚度在10~15cm之间,确保埋弧效果好,防止钢水冲刷电极;埋弧稳定后采用大级数快速升温,此时将原有工艺(喂铝线和渣面上加铝丝的方式对钢水进行沉淀和扩散脱氧)改为根据RH炉出站铝含量对钢水铝成分进行喂铝线调整,推迟渣脱氧时机(由于RH炉真空过程脱碳后加入铝块对钢水脱氧,出站铝成分为:0.030%~0.060%,表明钢水中的氧含量已经很低,推迟渣脱氧时机是为了利用炉渣中的残余氧来与电极消耗所产生的碳进行反应,生产CO气体排出,并不会污染钢水,从而降低钢水增碳),当温度升至目标温度±10℃时,开始加铝丝对炉渣进行渣脱氧,并根据生产节奏选取继续升温操作或者提电极大底吹搅拌脱硫操作。
4.2、LF炉深脱硫
由于钢水到站初始温度较低,炉渣流动性较差、渣层厚度不够,且渣中FeO含量较高(RH炉未对炉渣脱氧),此时脱硫效率较低,盲目采取大底吹及下电极升温脱硫极易引起钢水冲刷电极,增碳严重,LF炉的深脱硫操作推迟至温度升至目标温度±10℃时,采取提电极,大底吹加旁通操作,采用CaO-Al
2O
3-SiO
2三元碱性渣系深脱硫,过程碱度控制在6.0~8.0,吨钢渣量控制在12.5~15.5kg(含转炉出钢渣料),渣中的FeO和MnO含量小于0.8%,精炼过程保持微正压,确保炉内良好的还原性气氛。
4.3、LF炉去夹杂
成分、温度合格后进行钙处理,钙处理采用无缝纯钙包芯线,按头炉250±10m,连浇路220±10m,以200m/min速度喂入,确保钙线在钢包中下部反应均匀,使钢水中夹杂物充分变性,同时降低钙线在钢水表面剧烈反应导致的钢水二次氧化,确保硫化物夹杂全部变性;钙处理结束后静搅时间要求≥15min,软搅拌底吹流量精确控制在30~50NL/min,使夹杂物充分的聚集、上浮。
5、连铸浇注
钢包水口清理干净,加强引流砂的灌砂操作,确保钢包自流,避免连铸开浇烧氧,污染钢水;大包开浇前5min中包开始吹氩气,一直到第一轮中包覆盖剂添加结束;从大包到中包使用长水口连接,通入氩气正压保护钢液;中包加无碳覆盖剂、中包浸入式水口,结晶器加管线钢专用保护渣手段,做到全程保护浇注;连铸工序增氮控制在5ppm以内。
过热度与拉速的控制:过热度控制10~25℃,目标10~20℃,低过热度恒拉速浇注;控制好水口的插入深度,严格结晶器水口对中,避免因结晶器钢水液面波动大,造成钢水卷渣。
本发明通过铁水预处理深脱硫扒渣,转炉处理过程深脱磷,留氧(600~ 900ppm)出钢,复合精炼渣顶渣改质,RH真空过程自然脱碳,LF精炼过程推迟渣脱氧时机,利用渣中的残余氧脱掉电极消耗的碳含量,降低钢水增碳,利用小底吹、大电极功率快速升温,降低钢水对电极的冲刷增碳,终点碳含量有效控制在0.003%以内;温度合适后利用高温、大底吹搅拌深脱硫,通过钙处理使钢水中的夹杂物变性,通过软吹将变性的夹杂物上浮并被炉渣吸附,保证碳、硫成分满足性能的同时,降低钢水中有害元素,提高钢水纯净度的目的。
实施例2-3
选择X65MS-2钢种,在150吨转炉、150吨钢包炉冶炼,其X65MS-2钢种主要化学成分见表1:
表1 X65MS-2主要化学成份(%)
具体冶炼过程如下:
(1)转炉吹炼,吹炼终点成分和温度控制见表2:
表2转炉终点成分(%)
(2)RH真空炉,真空脱碳→脱氧→合金化,出站成分控制见表3:
表3 RH出站成分
(3)LF精炼炉,化渣→造渣埋弧→小底吹大功率升温→渣脱氧→高温大底吹深脱硫→钙处理→软吹,出站成分控制见表4:
表4精炼炉终点钢水主要成份(%)
(4)连铸坯质量,连铸坯有害元素控制较低:[P]≤90ppm,[S]≤10ppm,T[O]≤9ppm,[N]≤40ppm,[H]≤1.5ppm,低倍质量较好。
本发明通过铁水脱硫预处理→转炉冶炼→RH真空脱碳处理→LF精炼→板坯连铸生产流程,各工序紧密配合,实现了超低碳低硫钢批量、稳定的生产。使用该工艺可将钢水成分控制在:[C]≤0.03%;[P]≤0.013%;[S]≤0.0010%;[N]≤0.0050%,达到降低钢水中有害元素,提高钢水纯净度的目的,能满足现场大规模生产的要求。
除上述实施例外,本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均落在本发明要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
- 一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,包括铁水倒罐→铁水预处理→转炉冶炼→RH炉真空→LF炉精炼→连铸生产,其特征在于:其中LF炉精炼包括LF炉控碳、LF炉深脱硫和LF炉去夹杂,LF炉控碳:LF炉前期采用短弧加热,控制底吹流量150~200NL/min;炉渣熔化后根据渣况不断补充渣料,及时调整炉渣碱度、流动性及渣层厚度,确保炉渣碱度在7~10,炉渣流动性50~80NL/min流量时渣面蠕动、不结壳,渣层厚度在10~15cm之间;埋弧稳定后采用大级数快速升温,根据RH炉出站铝含量对钢水铝成分进行喂铝线调整,当温度升至目标温度±10℃时,开始加铝丝对炉渣进行渣脱氧,并根据生产节奏选取继续升温操作或者提电极大底吹搅拌脱硫操作;LF炉深脱硫:LF炉的深脱硫操作推迟至温度升至目标温度±10℃时,采取提电极,大底吹加旁通操作,采用CaO-Al 2O 3-SiO 2三元碱性渣系深脱硫,过程碱度控制在6.0~8.0,吨钢渣量控制在12.5~15.5kg(含转炉出钢渣料),渣中的FeO和MnO含量小于0.8%,精炼过程保持微正压,确保炉内良好的还原性气氛;LF炉去夹杂:成分、温度合格后进行钙处理,钙处理采用无缝纯钙包芯线,按头炉250±10m,连浇路220±10m,以200m/min速度喂入;钙处理结束后静搅时间要求≥15min,软搅拌底吹流量精确控制在30~50NL/min。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,其特征在于:所述铁水预处理:铁水预处理选用铁水包喷吹法脱硫辅助涌动式聚渣扒渣装置,保证入炉铁水中硫含量小于0.0030%,转炉吹炼后回硫量小于0.0020%。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,其特征在于:所述转炉冶炼:将脱硫后的铁水采用顶底复吹转炉进行冶炼,冶炼前期合理控制枪位,做到早化渣、化好渣,尽快形成高碱度、高FeO且流动性好的初期渣,加强底吹搅拌,强化前期脱磷;中后期严格控制脱碳速度,避免炉渣 返干和升温过快、过高导致回磷;转炉吹炼过程造渣料石灰50~65kg/t、轻烧白云石15~25kg/t,炉渣碱度控制在3.5~4.0;终点钢水碳含量控制在0.03%~0.05%,氧含量在600~900ppm,出钢温度控制在≥1660℃,确保到RH炉温度不低于1580℃;出钢时采用挡渣操作,控制出钢时间不少于3.5min,渣厚不超过50mm,以防回磷;根据终点碳和氧含量,出钢采用弱脱氧,留氧出钢,控制钢包钢水中氧含量500~600ppm。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,其特征在于:所述RH炉真空:利用转炉出钢后钢水中预留氧含量,通过抽真空降低[C]+[O]=[CO]反应的CO气体分压,在真空压力80~100mbar保持2min;碳氧反应平缓后真空度控制在5mbar以内,采用大的环流气体流量1200~1400L/min进行真空循环,脱碳时间3~5min,自然脱碳后钢水终点碳含量要求控制在≤0.010%;脱碳结束后对钢水进行脱氧合金化,控制钢中Alt:0.030%~0.060%,脱氧后钢水中氧在20ppm以内,合金化结束后真空保持时间≥15min。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,其特征在于:所述连铸浇注:钢包水口清理干净,加强引流砂的灌砂操作;大包开浇前5min中包开始吹氩气,一直到第一轮中包覆盖剂添加结束;从大包到中包使用长水口连接,通入氩气正压保护钢液;中包加无碳覆盖剂、中包浸入式水口,结晶器加管线钢专用保护渣手段,做到全程保护浇注;连铸工序增氮控制在5ppm以内。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种超低碳超低硫钢冶炼工艺,其特征在于:过热度与拉速的控制:过热度控制10~25℃,目标10~20℃,低过热度恒拉速浇注;控制好水口的插入深度,严格结晶器水口对中。
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