WO2020168517A1 - 锂离子电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents

锂离子电池及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020168517A1
WO2020168517A1 PCT/CN2019/075718 CN2019075718W WO2020168517A1 WO 2020168517 A1 WO2020168517 A1 WO 2020168517A1 CN 2019075718 W CN2019075718 W CN 2019075718W WO 2020168517 A1 WO2020168517 A1 WO 2020168517A1
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layer
electrode
electron transport
current collector
ion battery
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PCT/CN2019/075718
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周全国
唐浩
周丽佳
王志东
杨庆国
朱亚文
程久阳
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2019/075718 priority Critical patent/WO2020168517A1/zh
Priority to CN201980000168.3A priority patent/CN110073535A/zh
Priority to US16/647,693 priority patent/US20210218053A1/en
Publication of WO2020168517A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020168517A1/zh

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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density, lightness and long life, and are widely used in various fields such as electronic devices and electric vehicles.
  • Lithium-ion batteries can be divided into liquid lithium-ion batteries, polymer lithium-ion batteries and solid-state lithium-ion batteries according to the form of their electrolyte.
  • Liquid lithium ion batteries use liquid electrolytes and separate the positive and negative electrodes of the battery by a separator.
  • Polymer lithium ion batteries use polymer electrolytes.
  • Solid-state lithium-ion batteries use solid electrolytes, which are more secure than liquid lithium-ion batteries.
  • solid-state lithium-ion batteries also have the advantages of lightness and thinness, long life, fast charging, long endurance, high temperature charging and discharging, and flexibility. They can be fabricated on various substrates and meet the design requirements of various circuits.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a lithium ion battery, including: a first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second electrode current collector arranged in a stack; a first electron transport layer and /Or a second electron transport layer, wherein the first electron transport layer is disposed between the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector, and the second electron transport layer is disposed on the second electrode Between the layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • the material of the first electron transport layer and/or the second electron transport layer is an inorganic electron transport material.
  • the inorganic electron transport material includes fluoride.
  • the fluoride includes one or more of LiF, NaF, CsF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 and BaF 2 .
  • the thickness of the first electron transport layer and/or the second electron transport layer is 1 nanometer to 10 nanometers.
  • the lithium ion battery provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure further includes: a substrate; a buffer layer disposed on the substrate; wherein the stacked first electrode current collector, first electrode layer, and electrolyte The layer, the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector are arranged on the buffer layer.
  • the first electrode layer is a positive electrode layer, including LCO, LMO, LNMO, NCA, NCM, CuS 2 , TiS 2 , FeS 2 , SnS 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 2 FeSiO 4 , Li 2 MnSiO 4 , Li 2 CoSiO 4 , Li 2 NiSiO 4 , Li 2 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , One or more of LiFeBO 3 , LiMnBO 3 , LiCoBO 3 , LiNiBO 3 and V 2 O 5 .
  • the material of the first electrode current collector includes one or more of Mo, Al, Ni, stainless steel, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the electrolyte layer includes a solid electrolyte layer or a polymer electrolyte layer that separates the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the material of the solid electrolyte layer includes LiPON, LLTO, LGSP, LPS, Thio-LiSiCON, LATP, LLZO, Li 2 S, SiS 2 , P 2 S 5 , SiS 2 and B 2 S 3 one or more of them.
  • the electrolyte layer includes a separator and a liquid electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte, and the separator is disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, The liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is immersed in the separator.
  • the second electrode layer is a negative electrode layer, and includes one or more of SnO 2 , graphite, lithium metal, lithium alloy, and lithium compound.
  • the material of the second electrode current collector includes one or more of Mo, Cu, Ni, stainless steel, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a lithium ion battery, including: forming a first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second electrode current collector that are stacked; A first electron transport layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector, and/or a second electron transport layer is formed between the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • forming the electrolyte layer includes forming a solid electrolyte layer or a polymer electrolyte layer to separate the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • forming the electrolyte layer includes: providing a separator between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and placing the electrolyte in the separator Immerse in liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte.
  • the method for preparing a lithium ion battery further includes: providing a substrate; forming a buffer layer on the substrate; wherein the laminated first electrode is formed on the buffer layer The current collector, the first electrode layer, the electrolyte layer, the second electrode layer, and the second electrode current collector.
  • forming the first electron transport layer includes: using one of the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector as a substrate, and The thin film forming method forms the first electron transport layer.
  • the preparation method further includes: using the first electron transport layer as a substrate to form the The other of the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector.
  • forming the second electron transport layer includes: using one of the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector as a substrate, and The thin film forming method forms the second electron transport layer.
  • the preparation method further includes: using the second electron transport layer as a substrate to form the The other of the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • the arrangement of the first electron transport layer and/or the second electron transport layer can improve the charge and discharge efficiency of the lithium ion battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery provided by an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery provided by an embodiment of the disclosure during charging
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure during discharge
  • 4A-4F are schematic diagrams of a lithium ion battery provided by an embodiment of the disclosure during the manufacturing process
  • 5A to 5C are schematic diagrams of a lithium ion battery provided in another embodiment of the disclosure during the manufacturing process.
  • lithium-ion batteries are generally suitable for different applications, for example, they can be made very thin, so that they can be integrated into electronic devices to meet the needs of thinning electronic devices.
  • each functional film layer of a lithium ion battery is very thin, if the film layer is defective during the preparation or use of these functional film layers, the battery will fail.
  • the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium-ion battery undergo the transfer of electrons and lithium ions during the charging and discharging process, the materials of the positive and negative electrodes are prone to deformation, which affects the charging and discharging efficiency and life of the lithium-ion battery.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery includes: a first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second electrode current collector arranged in a stack; The electron transport layer and/or the second electron transport layer.
  • the first electron transport layer is provided between the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector, and the second electron transport layer is provided between the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery, the method comprising: forming a laminated first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second electrode current collector; A first electron transport layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector, and/or a second electron transport layer is formed between the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • lithium ion battery of the present disclosure and the preparation method thereof will be described through several specific embodiments.
  • the lithium ion battery is a solid lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery includes: a first electrode current collector 101 and a first electrode layer arranged in a stack 102, an electrolyte layer 103, a second electrode layer 104, and a second electrode current collector 105.
  • the lithium ion battery also includes a first electron transport layer 106 and a second electron transport layer 107; the first electron transport layer 106 is disposed between the first electrode layer 102 and the first electrode current collector 101, and the second electron transport layer 107 is disposed Between the second electrode layer 104 and the second electrode current collector 105.
  • the above-mentioned laminated structure may be provided on various suitable substrates, such as rigid or flexible substrates.
  • the lithium ion battery includes both the first electron transport layer 106 and the second electron transport layer 107
  • the lithium ion battery may only include the first electron transport layer 106 and the second electron transport layer 107.
  • One of the two electron transport layers 107 includes only the first electron transport layer 106 or only the second electron transport layer 107, for example.
  • the first electron transport layer 106 can modify the interface between the first electrode layer 102 and the first electrode current collector 101 to eliminate or reduce the possible presence of the first electrode layer 102 and the first electrode current collector 101. Defects, enhance the stability of the battery; at the same time, the first electron transport layer 106 can block the ions precipitated in the first electrode current collector 101, for example, metal ions diffuse into the first electrode layer 102 to affect the performance of the first electrode layer 102; The first electron transport layer 106 has good electron transport characteristics, and can improve the electron transport capacity between the first electrode current collector 101 and the first electrode layer 102, thereby improving the charge and discharge efficiency of the battery.
  • the second electron transport layer 107 can modify the interface between the second electrode layer 104 and the second electrode current collector 105 to eliminate or reduce the possible presence of the second electrode layer 104 and the second electrode current collector 105 Defects, enhance the stability of the battery; at the same time, the second electron transport layer 107 can block the ions precipitated in the second electrode current collector 105, for example, metal ions diffuse into the second electrode layer 104 to affect the performance of the second electrode layer 104;
  • the second electron transport layer 107 has good electron transport characteristics, and can improve the electron transport capacity between the second electrode layer 104 and the second electrode current collector 105, thereby improving the charge and discharge efficiency of the battery.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 may be a positive electrode current collector.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is a positive electrode layer, correspondingly the second electrode layer 104 is a negative electrode layer, and the second electrode current collector 105 is Negative current collector layer; or, the first electrode current collector 101 is the negative current collector layer, at this time, the first electrode layer 102 is the negative electrode layer, correspondingly the second electrode layer 104 is the positive electrode layer, and the second electrode current collector 105 is the positive electrode Current collector.
  • the position of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery in the stacked structure of the battery is not limited.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is the positive current collector layer
  • the first electrode layer 102 is the positive electrode layer
  • the second electrode layer 104 is the negative electrode layer
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is the negative current collector layer, as shown in FIG. 3A
  • the first electron transport layer 106 can increase the electron output capacity of the positive electrode layer to the positive electrode current collector.
  • the two electron transport layer 107 can improve the electron injection capacity of the negative electrode current collector layer into the negative electrode layer; as shown in Figure 3, during the battery discharge process, a current from the negative electrode to the positive electrode is formed inside the battery, and the electrons from the positive electrode to the negative electrode are correspondingly Moving, the first electron transport layer 106 can increase the electron injection capacity of the positive electrode current collector layer, and the second electron transport layer 107 can increase the electron output capacity of the negative electrode layer to the negative electrode current collector. Therefore, the arrangement of the first electron transport layer 106 and the second electron transport layer 107 can improve the charge and discharge efficiency of the lithium battery. For example, in the process of charging, the amount of charge per unit time can be increased, thereby shortening the charging time; in the process of discharging, a larger current can be output per unit time, thereby providing greater power support.
  • the material of the first electron transport layer 106 and/or the second electron transport layer 107 may be an inorganic electron transport material.
  • Inorganic electron transport materials have good heat resistance. Because lithium-ion batteries may generate heat during charging and discharging, the use of inorganic electron transport materials can avoid film deformation and material deterioration caused by heat.
  • the material of the first electron transport layer 106 and/or the second electron transport layer 107 may also be an organic material, for example, organic electron transport materials such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polypropylene amine (PAA). .
  • PEI polyethyleneimine
  • PAA polypropylene amine
  • the inorganic electron transport material selected for the first electron transport layer 106 and/or the second electron transport layer 107 includes fluoride.
  • the fluoride includes one or more of LiF, NaF, CsF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 and BaF 2 .
  • These fluorides can produce a tunneling effect (referring to the phenomenon that electrons and other microscopic particles can pass through barriers that they cannot pass through), so they have good electron transport capabilities, and the fluorides can also modify the adjacent current collectors The interface between the layer and the electrode active layer, and can play a role in blocking ion diffusion.
  • the thickness of the first electron transport layer 106 and/or the second electron transport layer 107 is 1 nanometer to 10 nanometers, such as 1 nanometer, 3 nanometers, 5 nanometers, 7 nanometers, or 9 nanometers.
  • the first electron transport layer 106 and the second electron transport layer 107 can fully perform their functions and will not affect the overall thickness of the battery.
  • the lithium ion battery provided in this embodiment may further include a substrate 110 and a buffer layer 111.
  • the buffer layer 111 is disposed on the substrate 110, and the stacked first electrode current collector 101, the first electrode layer 102, the electrolyte layer 103, the second electrode layer 104, and the second electrode current collector 105 are disposed on the buffer layer 111.
  • the buffer layer 111 can prevent impurities that may exist on the substrate 110 from entering the lithium ion battery and affecting the performance of the battery.
  • the substrate 110 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.
  • the rigid substrate may be a rigid substrate, and its material may include glass, polymer (for example, plastic), metal sheet, silicon wafer, quartz, ceramic, mica, and the like.
  • the flexible substrate may be a flexible substrate or a flexible film, and its material may include polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), metal film, and the like.
  • the material of the buffer layer 111 includes SiOx, SiNx, Al 2 O 3 and the like. In this embodiment, the materials of the substrate 110 and the buffer layer 111 are not specifically limited.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is a positive electrode current collector.
  • the material of the first electrode current collector 101 includes one or more of Mo, Al, Ni, stainless steel, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the thickness of the first electrode current collector 101 is 20 nanometers to 200 nanometers, such as 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 180 nanometers, and so on.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is a positive electrode layer.
  • the material of the first electrode layer 102 includes LCO, LMO, LNMO, NCA, NCM, CuS 2 , TiS 2 , FeS 2 , SnS 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3.
  • the thickness of the first electrode layer 102 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, and so on.
  • the electrolyte layer separates the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and at the same time enables lithium ions to reciprocate through the electrolyte layer during charging and discharging of the lithium ion battery.
  • the electrolyte layer 103 includes a solid electrolyte layer that separates the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode layer 104.
  • the material of the solid electrolyte layer includes one or more of LiPON, LLTO, LGSP, LPS, Thio-LiSiCON, LATP, LLZO, Li 2 S, SiS 2 , P 2 S 5 , SiS 2 and B 2 S 3 .
  • LiPON LiPON
  • LGSP LGSP
  • LPS LiPON
  • Thio-LiSiCON Li 2 S
  • SiS 2 SiS 2
  • P 2 S 5 SiS 2 and B 2 S 3 .
  • the above-mentioned solid electrolyte layer may be replaced with a polymer electrolyte layer, thereby obtaining a polymer lithium ion battery.
  • the polymer electrolyte used for the polymer electrolyte layer includes methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl acrylate (MA) and derivatives thereof, etc., and the polymer electrolyte exhibits a gel state, for example.
  • the electrolyte layer 103 may include a separator and a liquid electrolyte or a polymer electrolyte.
  • the separator is disposed between the first electrode layer 102 and the second electrode layer 104 to separate the two, liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte.
  • the material electrolyte is immersed in the separator, thereby obtaining a liquid lithium ion battery or a polymer lithium ion battery.
  • the liquid electrolyte includes LiPF 6 solution, LiClO 4 , solution, or LiAsF 6 solution.
  • the thickness of the electrolyte layer 103 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • the second electrode layer 104 is a negative electrode layer.
  • the material of the second electrode layer 104 includes one or more of tin oxide (SnO 2 ), graphite, lithium metal, lithium alloy, and lithium compound.
  • the thickness of the second electrode layer 104 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is a negative electrode current collector.
  • the material of the second electrode current collector 107 includes one or more of Mo, Cu, Ni, stainless steel, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the thickness of the second electrode current collector 107 is 20 nanometers to 200 nanometers, such as 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 180 nanometers, etc.
  • each functional layer of the lithium ion battery can be selected according to actual requirements (such as battery capacity, battery application environment, etc.) and production conditions (such as production cost, production equipment, etc.), and
  • the thickness of each functional layer is selected according to the properties of each functional layer material and the requirements for battery capacity. This implementation does not specifically limit the materials and thickness of each function of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium-ion battery of at least one embodiment of the present disclosure can adopt various suitable packaging methods, for example, it can be packaged as a button battery, a cylindrical battery, a soft package battery, etc., can be used as a household battery or a power battery, etc., and can be detachable or If it is built into the product without being detachable, the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit this.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a lithium ion battery, the method comprising: forming a laminated first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer, and a second electrode current collector; A first electron transport layer is formed between the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector, and/or a second electron transport layer is formed between the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • the first electron transport layer and the second electron transport layer can be formed in the lithium ion battery at the same time, and only one of the first electron transport layer and the second electron transport layer can be formed, for example, only The first electron transport layer, or only the second electron transport layer is formed.
  • forming the first electron transport layer includes: using one of the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector as a substrate, and forming the first electron transport layer by a thin film forming method.
  • the patterned first electron transport layer is formed through a mask by a thin film forming method.
  • the first electron transport layer is used as a substrate to form the other of the first electrode layer and the first electrode current collector.
  • forming the second electron transport layer includes: using one of the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector as a substrate, and forming the second electron transport layer by a thin film forming method.
  • a patterned second electron transport layer is formed through a mask by a thin film forming method.
  • the second electron transport layer is used as a substrate to form the other of the second electrode layer and the second electrode current collector.
  • the method for preparing a lithium ion battery may further include: providing a substrate; forming a buffer layer on the substrate; and then forming a laminated first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, and an electrolyte on the buffer layer.
  • the substrate can be in various suitable forms as required, such as a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate.
  • a buffer layer 111 is first formed on the substrate 110.
  • a layer of buffer material can be formed by methods such as coating, evaporation, or deposition. Then, according to needs, the buffer material layer can also be patterned. Thus, the buffer layer 111 is formed on the substrate 110.
  • a photolithography process can be used for patterning.
  • a photolithography process includes photoresist coating, exposure, development, and etching processes.
  • the substrate 110 may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.
  • the rigid substrate is a rigid substrate, and its material may include glass, polymer (for example, plastic), metal sheet, silicon wafer, quartz, ceramic, mica, and the like.
  • the flexible substrate is a flexible film, and its material may include polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), metal film, and the like.
  • the material of the buffer layer 111 may include SiOx, SiNx, Al 2 O 3 or the like. In this embodiment, the materials of the substrate 110 and the buffer layer 111 are not specifically limited.
  • a first electrode current collector 101 may be formed on the buffer layer 111.
  • the metal film or metal sheet of appropriate shape can be obtained by cutting the raw metal film or raw metal sheet, and then the cut metal film or metal sheet It is pressed or adhered to the buffer layer to obtain the first electrode current collector 101.
  • the patterned first electrode current collector 101 can also be directly formed on the buffer layer 111 by a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition through a mask. At this time, the pattern of the first electrode current collector 101 formed corresponds to the pattern of the mask plate.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is a positive electrode current collector.
  • the material of the first electrode current collector 101 includes one or more of Mo, Al, Ni, stainless steel, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the formation thickness of the first electrode current collector 101 is 20 nanometers to 200 nanometers, such as 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 180 nanometers, etc.
  • the first electron transport layer 106 may be formed on the first electrode current collector 101.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is used as a substrate, and the first electron transport layer 106 is formed by a thin film forming method.
  • a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition is used to directly form the patterned first electron transport layer 106 on the first electrode current collector 101 through a mask.
  • the material of the first electron transport layer 106 may be an inorganic electron transport material.
  • the inorganic electron transport material includes fluoride.
  • the fluoride includes one or more of LiF, NaF, CsF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 and BaF 2 . These fluorides all have good electron transport capabilities, can modify the interface between the adjacent current collector layer and the electrode active layer, and can block the diffusion of ions.
  • the formation thickness of the first electron transport layer 106 is 1 nm-10 nm, such as 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, or 9 nm. With this thickness, the first electron transport layer 106 can fully exert its function and will not affect the overall thickness of the battery.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is formed using the first electron transport layer 106 as a substrate.
  • a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition may be used to directly form the patterned first electrode layer 102 on the first electron transport layer 106 through a mask.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is a positive electrode layer.
  • the material of the first electrode layer 102 includes LCO, LMO, LNMO, NCA, NCM, CuS 2 , TiS 2 , FeS 2 , SnS 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3.
  • the formation thickness of the first electrode layer 102 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • an electrolyte layer 103 may be formed on the first electrode layer 102.
  • the electrolyte layer 103 formed in this embodiment includes a solid electrolyte layer or a polymer electrolyte layer.
  • the solid electrolyte layer may be formed on the first electrode layer 102 by a thin film forming method.
  • a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition may be used to directly form a patterned solid electrolyte layer on the first electrode layer 102 through a mask.
  • the polymer electrolyte layer may be formed on the first electrode layer 102 by coating.
  • the material of the solid electrolyte layer includes one or more of LiPON, LLTO, LGSP, LPS, Thio-LiSiCON, LATP, LLZO, Li 2 S, SiS 2 , P 2 S 5 , SiS 2 and B 2 S 3 .
  • the formation thickness of the solid electrolyte layer is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • the second electrode layer 104 may be formed on the electrolyte layer 103.
  • a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition can be used to directly form the patterned second electrode layer 104 on the electrolyte layer 103 through a mask.
  • the second electrode layer 104 is a negative electrode layer.
  • the material of the second electrode layer 104 includes one or more of SnO 2 , graphite, lithium metal, lithium alloy, and lithium compound.
  • the formation thickness of the second electrode layer 104 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • the second electron transport layer 107 is formed by a thin film forming method using the second electrode layer 104 as a base.
  • a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition is used to directly form the patterned second electron transport layer 107 on the second electrode layer 104 through a mask.
  • the material of the second electron transport layer 107 may be an inorganic electron transport material, such as fluoride.
  • the fluoride includes one or more of LiF, NaF, CsF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 and BaF 2 . These fluorides all have good electron transport capabilities, can modify the interface between the adjacent current collector layer and the electrode active layer, and can block the diffusion of ions.
  • the thickness of the second electron transport layer 107 is 1 nm-10 nm, such as 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, or 9 nm. With this thickness, the second electron transport layer 107 can fully perform its function and will not affect the overall thickness of the battery.
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is formed using the second electron transport layer 107 as a substrate.
  • a thin film forming method such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition may be used to directly form the patterned second electrode layer 104 on the second electron transport layer 107 through a mask.
  • the metal film or sheet of appropriate shape can be obtained by cutting the raw metal film or raw metal sheet, and then the metal film or sheet is pressed or pasted to On the second electron transport layer.
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is a negative electrode current collector.
  • the material of the second electrode current collector 107 includes one or more of Mo, Cu, Ni, stainless steel and graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the thickness of the second electrode current collector 107 is 20 nanometers to 200 nanometers, such as 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 180 nanometers, etc.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is used as the positive electrode current collector
  • the first electrode layer 102 is the positive electrode layer
  • the second electrode layer 104 is the negative electrode layer
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is the negative electrode current collector.
  • the layer is taken as an example.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 can also be formed as the negative electrode current collector.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is the negative electrode layer
  • the second electrode layer 104 is the positive electrode layer
  • the second electrode The current collector 105 is the positive current collector layer. This embodiment does not limit the formation sequence of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery.
  • a laminated structure of the buffer layer, the first electrode current collector, the first electrode layer, the electrolyte layer, the second electrode layer, the second electrode current collector, etc. may be sequentially formed on the substrate and then cut To achieve patterning, molding, etc., without the need for patterning and other processes in the process of forming a laminate. Afterwards, if necessary, winding or the like can be performed to form a laminated structure, and then encapsulation can be performed to obtain batteries of various forms.
  • each functional layer of the lithium-ion battery can be selected according to actual needs (such as battery capacity, battery application environment, etc.) and production conditions (such as production cost, production equipment, etc.), and The thickness of each functional layer is selected based on the properties of the selected functional layer materials and the requirements for battery capacity. This implementation does not specifically limit the materials and thickness of each function of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery obtained by the preparation method of this embodiment includes a first electron transport layer and/or a second electron transport layer.
  • the electron transport layer can modify the interface between the electrode active material layer and the electrode current collector layer adjacent to it, fill the possible defects in the electrode active material layer and the electrode current collector layer, and enhance the stability of the battery; at the same time, the electron transport layer It can block the ions precipitated in the electrode current collecting layer, for example, the diffusion of metal ions into the electrode active material layer affects the performance of the electrode active material layer; in addition, the electron transport layer has good electron transport characteristics, which can improve the electrode active material layer and electrode collection. The electron transport capacity between the current layers can improve the charge and discharge efficiency of the battery.
  • a first electrode portion when the electrolyte layer includes a polymer electrolyte, a first electrode portion may be formed, which includes a first electrode current collector, a first electron transport layer, and a first electrode layer forming a stack; , Forming a second electrode portion, which includes a second electrode current collector, a second electron transport layer, and a second electrode layer that form a stack.
  • a polymer electrolyte is formed between the first electrode part and the second electrode part, for example, a polymer electrolyte membrane is formed on the first electrode layer of the first electrode part to form an electrolyte layer, and then the second electrode part is laminated on On the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the second electrode layer is brought into contact with the polymer electrolyte membrane.
  • a first electrode portion may be formed, which includes a first electrode current collector, a first electron transport layer, and a second An electrode layer; in addition, a second electrode portion is formed, which includes a second electrode current collector, a second electron transport layer, and a second electrode layer formed in a stack, and then sandwiched between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion
  • the separator is brought into contact with the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thereby obtaining a battery laminate structure.
  • the battery laminate structure is wound or cut and placed in a container, and then liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is injected into the container, and the liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is immersed in the separator to allow lithium ions to be charged and discharged.
  • the middle reciprocates between the first electrode part and the second electrode part.
  • the first electrode portion is first formed, for example, the first electrode current collector 101, the first electron transport layer 106, and the first electrode layer 102 are formed in a stack.
  • the metal film or metal sheet of an appropriate shape can be obtained by cutting the raw metal film or raw metal sheet to obtain the first electrode current collector 101.
  • the patterned first electrode current collector 101 can also be directly formed on a substrate (not shown in the figure) through a mask through sputtering, evaporation, or deposition.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is a positive electrode current collector.
  • the material of the first electrode current collector 101 includes one or more of Mo, Al, Ni, stainless steel, graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the formation thickness of the first electrode current collector 101 is 20 nanometers to 200 nanometers, such as 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 180 nanometers, etc.
  • the first electron transport layer 106 may be formed on the first electrode current collector 101.
  • the first electrode current collector 101 is used as a substrate, and a thin film forming method, such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition, is used to directly form patterned first electrons on the first electrode current collector 101 through a mask. Transport layer 106.
  • the material of the first electron transport layer 106 may be an inorganic electron transport material.
  • the inorganic electron transport material includes fluoride.
  • the fluoride includes one or more of LiF, NaF, CsF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 and BaF 2 . These fluorides all have good electron transport capabilities, can modify the interface between the adjacent current collector layer and the electrode active layer, and can block the diffusion of ions.
  • the formation thickness of the first electron transport layer 106 is 1 nm-10 nm, such as 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, or 9 nm. With this thickness, the first electron transport layer 106 can fully exert its function and will not affect the overall thickness of the battery.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is formed using the first electron transport layer 106 as a substrate.
  • the patterned first electrode layer 102 can be directly formed on the first electron transport layer 106 through a mask plate using methods such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition.
  • the first electrode layer 102 is a positive electrode layer.
  • the material of the first electrode layer 102 includes LCO, LMO, LNMO, NCA, NCM, CuS 2 , TiS 2 , FeS 2 , SnS 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3.
  • the formation thickness of the first electrode layer 102 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • a second electrode portion is formed, for example, a second electrode current collector 105, a second electron transport layer 107, and a first electrode layer 104 are formed in a stack.
  • the metal film or metal sheet of an appropriate shape can be obtained by cutting the raw metal film or raw metal sheet to obtain the second electrode current collector 105.
  • the patterned second electrode current collector 105 can also be directly formed on a substrate (not shown in the figure) through a mask through sputtering, evaporation, or deposition.
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is a negative electrode current collector.
  • the material of the second electrode current collector 107 includes one or more of Mo, Cu, Ni, stainless steel and graphite, and amorphous carbon.
  • the thickness of the second electrode current collector 107 is 20 nanometers to 200 nanometers, such as 50 nanometers, 80 nanometers, 150 nanometers, 180 nanometers, etc.
  • the second electron transport layer 107 may be formed on the second electrode current collector 105.
  • the second electrode current collector 105 is used as a substrate, and a thin film forming method, such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition, is used to directly form patterned second electrons on the second electrode current collector 105 through a mask. Transport layer 107.
  • the material of the second electron transport layer 107 may be an inorganic electron transport material.
  • the inorganic electron transport material includes fluoride.
  • the fluoride includes one or more of LiF, NaF, CsF, MgF 2 , CaF 2 and BaF 2 . These fluorides all have good electron transport capabilities, can modify the interface between the adjacent current collector layer and the electrode active layer, and can block the diffusion of ions.
  • the formation thickness of the second electron transport layer 107 is 1 nm-10 nm, such as 1 nm, 3 nm, 5 nm, 7 nm, or 9 nm. With this thickness, the second electron transport layer 107 can fully perform its function and will not affect the overall thickness of the battery.
  • the second electrode layer 104 is formed using the second electron transport layer 107 as a substrate.
  • methods such as sputtering, evaporation, or deposition may be used to directly form the patterned second electrode layer 104 on the second electron transport layer 107 through a mask.
  • the second electrode layer 104 is a negative electrode layer.
  • the material of the second electrode layer 104 includes one or more of SnO 2 , graphite, lithium metal, lithium alloy, and lithium compound.
  • the formation thickness of the second electrode layer 104 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc.
  • an electrolyte layer 103 is formed between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion.
  • the electrolyte layer 103 includes a polymer electrolyte membrane.
  • a polymer electrolyte membrane is formed on the first electrode part, and then the second electrode part is opposed to the first electrode part.
  • the electrolyte layer 103 includes a separator and a polymer electrolyte or a liquid electrolyte.
  • a separator is formed between the first electrode part and the second electrode part, for example, a pre-prepared separator is sandwiched between the first electrode part and the second electrode part, and is added to the battery stack structure in the subsequent process.
  • a liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is injected, and the liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte is immersed in the separator.
  • the separator can be a woven film, a non-woven fabric, a microporous film, a composite film, etc., for example, a polyolefin microporous film such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
  • the liquid electrolyte includes LiPF 6 solution, LiClO 4 , solution, or LiAsF 6 solution.
  • the polymer electrolyte includes, for example, methyl methacrylate (MMA), methyl acrylate (MA), and derivatives thereof.
  • the formation thickness of the electrolyte layer 103 is 200 nanometers to 20 micrometers, such as 500 nanometers, 1 micrometer, 5 micrometers, 10 micrometers, etc. This embodiment does not specifically limit the material and forming method of the electrolyte layer 103.
  • each functional layer of the lithium-ion battery can be selected according to actual needs (such as battery capacity, battery application environment, etc.) and production conditions (such as production cost, production equipment, etc.), and The thickness of each functional layer is selected based on the properties of the selected functional layer materials and the requirements for battery capacity. This implementation does not specifically limit the materials and thickness of each function of the lithium ion battery.
  • the lithium ion battery obtained by the preparation method of this embodiment includes a first electron transport layer and/or a second electron transport layer.
  • the electron transport layer can modify the interface between the electrode active material layer and the electrode current collector layer adjacent to it, fill the possible defects in the electrode active material layer and the electrode current collector layer, and enhance the stability of the battery; at the same time, the electron transport layer It can block the ions precipitated in the electrode current collecting layer, for example, the diffusion of metal ions into the electrode active material layer affects the performance of the electrode active material layer; in addition, the electron transport layer has good electron transport characteristics, which can improve the electrode active material layer and electrode collection. The electron transport capacity between the current layers can improve the charge and discharge efficiency of the battery.

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Abstract

一种锂离子电池及其制备方法。该锂离子电池包括：叠层设置的第一电极集流体(101)、第一电极层(102)、电解质层(103)、第二电极层(104)以及第二电极集流体(105)；还包括第一电子传输层(106)和/或第二电子传输层(107)，其中，第一电子传输层(106)设置在第一电极层(102)和第一电极集流体(101)之间，第二电子传输层(107)设置在第二电极层(104)和第二电极集流体(105)之间。该锂离子电池中，第一电子传输层(106)和/或第二电子传输层(107)的设置可以提高锂离子电池的充放电效率。

Description

锂离子电池及其制备方法 技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及一种锂离子电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有高能量密度、轻便和寿命长等特点，广泛应用于电子器件、电动汽车等各个领域。锂离子电池按其电解质的形态可分为液态锂离子电池、聚合物锂离子电池和固态锂离子电池。液态锂离子电池使用液态电解质且通过隔膜分隔电池的正负极。聚合物锂离子电池使用聚合物电解质。固态锂离子电池使用固态电解质，相对于液态锂离子电池，具有更高的安全性。另外，固态锂离子电池还具有轻薄、寿命长、充电快、续航能力长、可高温充放电以及具有柔性等优点，可被制作在各种不同的基板上，并满足各种电路的设计需求。
发明内容
本公开至少一实施例提供一种锂离子电池，包括：叠层设置的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；第一电子传输层和/或第二电子传输层，其中，所述第一电子传输层设置在所述第一电极层和所述第一电极集流体之间，所述第二电子传输层设置在所述第二电极层和所述第二电极集流体之间。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述第一电子传输层和/或所述第二电子传输层的材料为无机电子传输材料。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述无机电子传输材料包括氟化物。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述第一电子传输层和/或所述第二电子传输层的厚度为1纳米-10纳米。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池还包括：衬底；缓冲层， 设置在所述衬底上；其中，所述叠层设置的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体设置在所述缓冲层上。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述第一电极层为正极层，包括LCO、LMO、LNMO、NCA、NCM、CuS 2、TiS 2、FeS 2、SnS 2、LiFePO 4、LiMnPO 4、LiCoPO 4、LiNiPO 4、Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3、Li 2FeSiO 4、Li 2MnSiO 4、Li 2CoSiO 4、Li 2NiSiO 4、Li 2Fe 2(SO 4) 3、LiFeBO 3、LiMnBO 3、LiCoBO 3、LiNiBO 3和V 2O 5中的一种或几种。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述第一电极集流体的材料包括Mo、Al、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述电解质层包括分隔所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层的固体电解质层或聚合物电解质层。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述固体电解质层的材料包括LiPON、LLTO、LGSP、LPS、Thio-LiSiCON、LATP、LLZO、Li 2S、SiS 2、P 2S 5、SiS 2和B 2S 3中的一种或几种。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述电解质层包括隔膜和液体电解质或聚合物电解质，所述隔膜设置在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间，所述液体电解质或聚合物电解质浸入所述隔膜。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述第二电极层为负极层，包括SnO 2、石墨、锂金属、锂合金和锂化合物中的一种或几种。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，所述第二电极集流体的材料包括Mo、Cu、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种锂离子电池的制备方法，包括：形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；在所述第一电极层和所述第一电极集流体之间形成第一电子传输层，和/或在所述第二电极层和所述第二电极集流体之间形成第二电子传输层。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法中，形成所述电解质层包括形成固体电解质层或聚合物电解质层以分隔所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法中，形成所述电解质层包括：在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间提供隔膜，并在所述隔膜中浸入液体电解质或聚合物电解质。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法还包括：提供衬底；在所述衬底上形成缓冲层；其中，在所述缓冲层上形成所述叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法中，形成所述第一电子传输层包括：以所述第一电极层和所述第一电极集流体中的一个为基底，以薄膜形成方法形成第一电子传输层。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法中，在形成所述第一电子传输层后，所述制备方法还包括：以所述第一电子传输层为基底，形成所述第一电极层和所述第一电极集流体中的另一个。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法中，形成所述第二电子传输层包括：以所述第二电极层和所述第二电极集流体中的一个为基底，以薄膜形成方法形成第二电子传输层。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法中，在形成所述第二电子传输层后，所述制备方法还包括：以所述第二电子传输层为基底，形成所述第二电极层和所述第二电极集流体中的另一个。
本公开至少一实施例提供的锂离子电池中，第一电子传输层和/或第二电子传输层的设置可以提高锂离子电池的充放电效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1为本公开一实施例提供的锂离子电池的示意图；
图2为本公开另一实施例提供的锂离子电池的示意图；
图3A为本公开一实施例提供的锂离子电池在充电过程中的示意图；
图3B为本公开一实施例提供的锂离子电池在放电过程中的示意图；
图4A-图4F为本公开一实施例提供的锂离子电池在制备过程中的示意图；
图5A-图5C为本公开另一实施例提供的锂离子电池在制备过程中的示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
目前，锂离子电池通常可以适用于不同应用，例如可以做到很薄，从而可以结合到电子器件内，以满足电子器件的薄型化需求。但是，由于锂离子电池的每个功能膜层都很薄，如果这些功能膜层在制备时或使用过程中出现膜层缺损的问题，则将导致电池失效。另外，由于锂离子电池在充放电的过程中，电池的正极、负极要进行电子及锂离子的传输，因此正极和负极的材料容易发生形变，进而影响锂离子电池的充放电效率以及寿命。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种锂离子电池，该锂离子电池包括：叠层设置的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；第一电子传输层和/或第二电子传输层。第一电子传输层设置在第一电极层和第一电极集流体之间，第二电子传输层设置在第二电极层和第二电极集流体之间。
本公开至少一实施例提供的一种锂离子电池的制备方法，该方法包括：形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；在第一电极层和第一电极集流体之间形成第一电子传输层，和/或在第二电极层和第二电极集流体之间形成第二电子传输层。
下面通过几个具体的实施例对本公开的锂离子电池及其制备方法进行 说明。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种锂离子电池，该锂离子电池为固体锂离子电池，如图1所示，该锂离子电池包括：叠层设置的第一电极集流体101、第一电极层102、电解质层103、第二电极层104以及第二电极集流体105。该锂离子电池还包括第一电子传输层106和第二电子传输层107；第一电子传输层106设置在第一电极层102和第一电极集流体101之间，第二电子传输层107设置在第二电极层104和第二电极集流体105之间。上述叠层结构例如可以设置在各种适当的衬底上，例如刚性或柔性基板上。
虽然在图1所示出的示例中，锂离子电池同时包括第一电子传输层106和第二电子传输层107，但是在其他示例中，锂离子电池可以仅包括第一电子传输层106和第二电子传输层107中之一，例如仅包括第一电子传输层106，或仅包括第二电子传输层107。
本实施例中，第一电子传输层106可以修饰第一电极层102和第一电极集流体101之间的界面，消除或减小第一电极层102和第一电极集流体101中可能存在的缺陷，增强电池的稳定性；同时，第一电子传输层106可以阻挡第一电极集流体101中析出的离子，例如金属离子向第一电极层102扩散而影响第一电极层102的性能；另外，第一电子传输层106具有良好的电子传输特性，可以提高第一电极集流体101和第一电极层102之间的电子传输能力，从而可以提高电池的充放电效率。
本实施例中，第二电子传输层107可以修饰第二电极层104和第二电极集流体105之间的界面，消除或减小第二电极层104和第二电极集流体105中可能存在的缺陷，增强电池的稳定性；同时，第二电子传输层107可以阻挡第二电极集流体105中析出的离子，例如金属离子向第二电极层104扩散而影响第二电极层104的性能；另外，第二电子传输层107具有良好的电子传输特性，可以提高第二电极层104和第二电极集流体105之间的电子传输能力，从而可以提高电池的充放电效率。
例如，本实施例中，第一电极集流体101可以为正极集流层，此时，第一电极层102为正极层，相应地第二电极层104为负极层，第二电极集流体105为负极集流层；或者，第一电极集流体101为负极集流层，此时，第一电极层102为负极层，相应地第二电极层104为正极层，第二电极集流体105为正极集流层。本实施例对电池的正负极在电池的叠层结构中的位置不做限 定。
例如，当第一电极集流体101为正极集流层，第一电极层102为正极层，第二电极层104为负极层，第二电极集流体105为负极集流层时，如图3A所示，在电池充电的过程中，在电池内部形成从正极到负极的电流，相应地电子从负极到正极移动，第一电子传输层106可以提高正极层向正极集流层的电子输出能力，第二电子传输层107可以提高负极集流层向负极层的电子注入能力；如图3所示，在电池放电的过程中，在电池内部形成从负极到正极的电流，相应地电子从正极到负极移动，第一电子传输层106可以提高正极集流层向正极层的电子注入能力，第二电子传输层107可以提高负极层向负极集流层的电子输出能力。因此，第一电子传输层106和第二电子传输层107的设置可以提高锂电池电池的充放电效率。例如，在充电的过程中，可以提高单位时间内的充电量，进而缩短充电时间；在放电的过程中，可以在单位时间内输出较大的电流，进而提供较大的电力支持。
例如，本实施例中，第一电子传输层106和/或第二电子传输层107的材料可以为无机电子传输材料。无机电子传输材料具有较好的耐热性，由于锂离子电池在充放电的过程中可能出现发热等现象，因此使用无机电子传输材料可以避免因热量导致的膜层变形、材料变质等不良现象。在一些实施例中，第一电子传输层106和/或第二电子传输层107的材料也可以为有机材料，例如，聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)、聚丙烯胺(PAA)等有机电子传输材料。
例如，第一电子传输层106和/或第二电子传输层107所选用的无机电子传输材料包括氟化物。例如，该氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。这些氟化物可以产生隧穿效应(指电子等微观粒子能够穿过其原本无法通过的势垒障碍的现象)，因此具有良好的电子传输能力，并且该氟化物还可以修饰与其相邻的集流层和电极活性层的界面，并可以起到阻挡离子扩散的作用。
例如，本实施例中，第一电子传输层106和/或第二电子传输层107的厚度为1纳米-10纳米，例如1纳米、3纳米、5纳米、7纳米或9纳米等。在该厚度设置下，第一电子传输层106和第二电子传输层107可以充分发挥其功能，并且不会影响电池整体的厚度。
例如，如图2所示，本实施例提供的锂离子电池还可以包括衬底110和缓冲层111。缓冲层111设置在衬底110上，叠层设置的第一电极集流体101、 第一电极层102、电解质层103、第二电极层104以及第二电极集流体105设置在缓冲层上111。本实施例中，缓冲层111可以防止衬底110上可能存在的杂质进入到锂离子电池中而影响电池的性能。
本实施例中，衬底110可以为刚性衬底或者柔性衬底。例如，刚性衬底可以为刚性基板，其材料可以包括玻璃、聚合物(例如塑料)、金属片、硅片、石英、陶瓷、云母等。例如，柔性衬底可以为柔性基板或柔性薄膜，其材料可以包括聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，PI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate，PET)、金属膜等。例如，缓冲层111的材料包括SiOx,SiNx或Al 2O 3等。本实施例对衬底110和缓冲层111的材料不作具体限定。
例如，本实施例中，第一电极集流体101为正极集流层。第一电极集流体101的材料包括Mo、Al、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。例如，第一电极集流体101的厚度为20纳米-200纳米，例如50纳米、80纳米、150纳米、180纳米等。
例如，本实施例中，第一电极层102为正极层。第一电极层102的材料包括LCO、LMO、LNMO、NCA、NCM、CuS 2、TiS 2、FeS 2、SnS 2、LiFePO 4、LiMnPO 4、LiCoPO 4、LiNiPO 4、Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3、Li 2FeSiO 4、Li 2MnSiO 4、Li 2CoSiO 4、Li 2NiSiO 4、Li 2Fe 2(SO 4) 3、LiFeBO 3、LiMnBO 3、LiCoBO 3、LiNiBO 3和V 2O 5中的一种或几种。例如，第一电极层102的厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
例如，本公开实施例的锂离子电池中，电解质层分隔第一电极层和第二电极层，同时使得锂离子能够在锂离子电池充放电的过程中往复通过电解质层。在如图1所示的固态锂离子电池中，电解质层103包括分隔第一电极层102和第二电极层104的固体电解质层。例如，固体电解质层的材料例如包括LiPON、LLTO、LGSP、LPS、Thio-LiSiCON、LATP、LLZO、Li 2S、SiS 2、P 2S 5、SiS 2和B 2S 3中的一种或几种。
在另一实施例中，可以将上述固体电解质层替换聚合物电解质层，由此得到聚合物锂离子电池。例如，用于聚合物电解质层的聚合物电解质包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)及其衍生物等，该聚合物电解质例如呈现凝胶状态。
例如，在其他实施例中，电解质层103可以包括隔膜和液体电解质或聚合物电解质，隔膜设置在第一电极层102和第二电极层104之间以将二者分 隔开，液体电解质或聚合物电解质浸入到隔膜中，由此得到液体锂离子电池或聚合物锂离子电池。例如，液体电解质包括LiPF 6溶液、LiClO 4,溶液或LiAsF 6溶液等。
例如，在本公开的实施例中，电解质层103的厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
例如，本实施例中，第二电极层104为负极层。第二电极层104的材料包括氧化锡(SnO 2)、石墨、锂金属、锂合金和锂化合物中的一种或几种。例如，第二电极层104的厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
例如，本实施例中，第二电极集流体105为负极集流层。第二电极集流体107的材料包括Mo、Cu、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。例如，第二电极集流体107的厚度为20纳米-200纳米，例如50纳米、80纳米、150纳米、180纳米等。
需要说明的是，本实施例中，可以根据实际需求(例如电池的容量、电池的应用环境等)与生产条件(例如生产成本、生产设备等)来选择锂离子电池各功能层的材料，并根据各功能层材料的性质以及对电池容量的需求等来选择各功能层的厚度。本实施对锂离子电池各功能的材料以及厚度不作具体限定。
本公开至少一个实施例的锂离子电池可以采用各种适用的封装方式，例如可以封装为纽扣电池、柱状电池、软包装电池等，可以作为家用电池或动力电池等，可以是可拆卸地也可以是内置到产品中而不可拆卸的，本公开的实施例对此不作限制。
本公开至少一实施例提供一种锂离子电池的制备方法，该方法包括：形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；在第一电极层和第一电极集流体之间形成第一电子传输层，和/或在第二电极层和第二电极集流体之间形成第二电子传输层。
本公开的至少一实施例中，可以同时在锂离子电池中形成第一电子传输层和第二电子传输层，可以仅形成第一电子传输层和第二电子传输层中之一，例如仅形成第一电子传输层，或仅形成第二电子传输层。
例如，本实施例的一些示例中，形成第一电子传输层包括：以第一电极层和第一电极集流体中的一个为基底，以薄膜形成方法形成第一电子传输 层。例如，以薄膜性形成方法通过掩模板形成图案化的第一电子传输层。例如，在形成第一电子传输层后，以第一电子传输层为基底，形成第一电极层和第一电极集流体中的另一个。
例如，本实施例的一些示例中，形成第二电子传输层包括：以第二电极层和第二电极集流体中的一个为基底，以薄膜形成方法形成第二电子传输层。例如，以薄膜性形成方法通过掩模板形成图案化的第二电子传输层。例如，在形成第二电子传输层后，以第二电子传输层为基底，形成第二电极层和第二电极集流体中的另一个。
例如，本实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法还可以包括：提供衬底；在衬底上形成缓冲层；然后在缓冲层上形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体。该衬底根据需要可以为各种适当的形式，例如柔性衬底或刚性衬底等。
下面，结合图4A-图4F，对本实施例提供的固态锂离子电池的制备方法进行具体说明。
如图4A所示，首先在衬底110上形成缓冲层111。例如，可以通过涂敷、蒸镀或者沉积等方法形成一层缓冲材料层。然后，根据需要，还可以对缓冲材料层进行构图。由此，在衬底110上形成缓冲层111。例如，可以采用光刻工艺进行构图。例如，一次光刻工艺包括光刻胶的涂覆、曝光、显影、刻蚀等工序。
例如，衬底110可以采用刚性衬底或者柔性衬底。例如，刚性衬底为刚性基板，其材料可以包括玻璃、聚合物(例如塑料)、金属片、硅片、石英、陶瓷、云母等。例如，柔性衬底为柔性薄膜，其材料可以包括聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，PI)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Polyethylene Terephthalate，PET)、金属膜等。例如，缓冲层111的材料可以包括SiOx,SiNx或Al 2O 3等。本实施例对衬底110和缓冲层111的材料不作具体限定。
如图4B所示，在缓冲层111形成后，可以在缓冲层111上形成第一电极集流体101。例如，如果该第一电极集流体材料层为金属膜或金属片，则可以通过裁切原料金属膜或原料金属片得到适当形状的金属膜或金属片，然后将裁剪后的金属膜或金属片压制或粘附至缓冲层以获得第一电极集流体101。例如，也可以通过溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在缓冲层111上形成图案化的第一电极集流体101。此时，所形成的第一电 极集流体101的图案与掩模板的图案相对应。
例如，第一电极集流体101为正极集流层。第一电极集流体101的材料包括Mo、Al、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。例如，第一电极集流体101的形成厚度为20纳米-200纳米，例如50纳米、80纳米、150纳米、180纳米等。
例如，在第一电极集流体101形成后，可以在第一电极集流体101上形成第一电子传输层106。如图4B所示，本实施例中，以第一电极集流体101为基底，以薄膜形成方法形成第一电子传输层106。例如，采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在第一电极集流体101上形成图案化的第一电子传输层106。
例如，第一电子传输层106的材料可以为无机电子传输材料。例如，该无机电子传输材料包括氟化物。例如，该氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。这些氟化物均具有良好的电子传输能力，可以修饰与其相邻的集流层和电极活性层的界面，并可以起到阻挡离子扩散的作用。
例如，第一电子传输层106的形成厚度为1纳米-10纳米，例如1纳米、3纳米、5纳米、7纳米或9纳米等。在该厚度下，第一电子传输层106可以充分发挥其功能，并且不会影响电池整体的厚度。
如图4C所示，在第一电子传输层106形成后，以第一电子传输层106为基底，形成第一电极层102。例如，可以采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在第一电子传输层106上形成图案化的第一电极层102。
例如，本实施例中，第一电极层102为正极层。第一电极层102的材料包括LCO、LMO、LNMO、NCA、NCM、CuS 2、TiS 2、FeS 2、SnS 2、LiFePO 4、LiMnPO 4、LiCoPO 4、LiNiPO 4、Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3、Li 2FeSiO 4、Li 2MnSiO 4、Li 2CoSiO 4、Li 2NiSiO 4、Li 2Fe 2(SO 4) 3、LiFeBO 3、LiMnBO 3、LiCoBO 3、LiNiBO 3和V 2O 5中的一种或几种。例如，第一电极层102的形成厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
如图4D所示，在第一电极层102形成后，可以在第一电极层102上形成电解质层103。例如，本实施例形成的电解质层103包括固体电解质层或聚合物电解质层。例如，该固体电解质层可以采用薄膜性成方法形成在第一 电极层102上。例如，可以采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在第一电极层102上形成图案化的固体电解质层。例如，该聚合物电解质层可以通过涂敷的方式形成在第一电极层102上。例如，固体电解质层的材料包括LiPON、LLTO、LGSP、LPS、Thio-LiSiCON、LATP、LLZO、Li 2S、SiS 2、P 2S 5、SiS 2和B 2S 3中的一种或几种。例如，固体电解质层的形成厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
如图4D所示，在电解质层103形成后，可以在电解质层103上形成第二电极层104。例如，可以采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在电解质层103上形成图案化的第二电极层104。
例如，第二电极层104为负极层。第二电极层104的材料包括SnO 2、石墨、锂金属、锂合金和锂化合物中的一种或几种。例如，第二电极层104的形成厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
如图4E所示，在第二电极层104形成后，以第二电极层104基底，以薄膜形成方法形成第二电子传输层107。例如，采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在第二电极层104上形成图案化的第二电子传输层107。
例如，第二电子传输层107的材料可以为无机电子传输材料，例如包括氟化物。例如，该氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。这些氟化物均具有良好的电子传输能力，可以修饰与其相邻的集流层和电极活性层的界面，并可以起到阻挡离子扩散的作用。
例如，第二电子传输层107形成的厚度为1纳米-10纳米，例如1纳米、3纳米、5纳米、7纳米或9纳米等。在该厚度下，第二电子传输层107可以充分发挥其功能，并且不会影响电池整体的厚度。
如图4F所示，在形成第二电子传输层107后，以第二电子传输层107为基底，形成第二电极集流体105。例如，可以采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等薄膜形成方法通过掩模板直接在第二电子传输层107上形成图案化的第二电极层104。如果该第二电极集流体材料层为金属膜或金属片，则可以通过裁切原料金属膜或原料金属片得到适当形状的金属膜或金属片，然后将该金属膜或金属片压制或粘贴到第二电子传输层上。
例如，本实施例中，第二电极集流体105为负极集流层。第二电极集流 体107的材料包括Mo、Cu、Ni、不锈钢和石墨、无定型碳中的一种或几种。例如，第二电极集流体107的厚度为20纳米-200纳米，例如50纳米、80纳米、150纳米、180纳米等。
需要注意的是，上述实施例是以第一电极集流体101为正极集流层，第一电极层102为正极层，第二电极层104为负极层以及第二电极集流体105为负极集流层为例进行说明的，实际上，也可以将第一电极集流体101形成为负极集流层，此时，第一电极层102为负极层，第二电极层104为正极层，第二电极集流体105为正极集流层。本实施例对电池的正负极形成顺序不做限定。
在另一个示例中，可以在衬底上依次形成缓冲层、第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层、第二电极集流体等的叠层结构之后，进行裁切等实现构图、成型等，而无需在形成叠层的过程中进行构图等工艺。之后根据需要，还可以进行卷绕等形成叠层结构，之后进行封装以得到各种形态的电池。
另外，本实施例中，可以根据实际需求(例如电池的容量、电池的应用环境等)与生产条件(例如生产成本、生产设备等)来选择锂离子电池各功能层的形成材料，并根据所选择的各功能层材料的性质以及对电池容量的需求等来选择各功能层的形成厚度。本实施对锂离子电池各功能的材料以及形成厚度不作具体限定。
利用本实施例的制备方法得到的锂离子电池包括第一电子传输层和/或第二电子传输层。该电子传输层可以修饰与其相邻的电极活性材料层和电极集流层的界面，填补电极活性材料层和电极集流层中可能存在的缺陷，增强电池的稳定性；同时，该电子传输层可以阻挡电极集流层中析出的离子，例如金属离子向电极活性材料层扩散而影响电极活性材料层的性能；另外，电子传输层具有良好的电子传输特性，可以提高电极活性材料层和电极集流层之间的电子传输能力，从而可以提高电池的充放电效率。
在本公开的另一个实施例中，当电解质层包括聚合物电解质时，可以形成第一电极部分，其包括形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电子传输层和第一电极层；另外，形成第二电极部分，其包括形成叠层的第二电极集流体、第二电子传输层和第二电极层。然后将聚合物电解质形成于第一电极部分和第二电极部分之间，例如在第一电极部分的第一电极层上形成聚合物电解质 膜，以形成电解质层，然后将第二电极部分层叠在聚合物电解质膜上，且使得第二电极层与聚合物电解质膜接触。
在本公开的再一个实施例中，当电解质层包括隔膜和液体电解质或聚合物电解质时，可以形成第一电极部分，其包括形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电子传输层和第一电极层；另外，形成第二电极部分，其包括形成叠层的第二电极集流体、第二电子传输层和第二电极层，然后在第一电极部分和第二电极部分之间夹置隔膜，并且使得隔膜与第一电极层和第二电极层接触，由此得到电池叠层结构。将该电池叠层结构卷绕或裁切之后放入容器中，然后容器中注入液体电解质或聚合物电解质，且使得该液体电解质或聚合物电解质浸入到隔膜中，以允许锂离子在充放电过程中在第一电极部分和第二电极部分之间往复运动。
下面，结合图5A-图5C，对本实施例提供的锂离子电池的制备方法进行具体说明。
如图5A所示，首先形成第一电极部分，例如形成叠层的第一电极集流体101、第一电子传输层106和第一电极层102。
例如，当第一电极集流体101的材料为金属膜或金属片，则可以通过裁切原料金属膜或原料金属片得到适当形状的金属膜或金属片，以获得第一电极集流体101。例如，也可以通过溅射、蒸镀或沉积等方法通过掩模板直接在一衬底(图中未示出)上形成图案化的第一电极集流体101。
例如，第一电极集流体101为正极集流层。第一电极集流体101的材料包括Mo、Al、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。例如，第一电极集流体101的形成厚度为20纳米-200纳米，例如50纳米、80纳米、150纳米、180纳米等。
例如，在第一电极集流体101形成后，可以在第一电极集流体101上形成第一电子传输层106。如图5A所示，以第一电极集流体101为基底，以薄膜形成方法，例如溅射、蒸镀或沉积等方法通过掩模板直接在第一电极集流体101上形成图案化的第一电子传输层106。
例如，第一电子传输层106的材料可以为无机电子传输材料。例如，该无机电子传输材料包括氟化物。例如，该氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。这些氟化物均具有良好的电子传输能力，可以修饰与其相邻的集流层和电极活性层的界面，并可以起到阻挡离子扩散的 作用。
例如，第一电子传输层106的形成厚度为1纳米-10纳米，例如1纳米、3纳米、5纳米、7纳米或9纳米等。在该厚度下，第一电子传输层106可以充分发挥其功能，并且不会影响电池整体的厚度。
如图5A所示，在第一电子传输层106形成后，以第一电子传输层106为基底，形成第一电极层102。例如，可以采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等方法通过掩模板直接在第一电子传输层106上形成图案化的第一电极层102。
例如，本实施例中，第一电极层102为正极层。第一电极层102的材料包括LCO、LMO、LNMO、NCA、NCM、CuS 2、TiS 2、FeS 2、SnS 2、LiFePO 4、LiMnPO 4、LiCoPO 4、LiNiPO 4、Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3、Li 2FeSiO 4、Li 2MnSiO 4、Li 2CoSiO 4、Li 2NiSiO 4、Li 2Fe 2(SO 4) 3、LiFeBO 3、LiMnBO 3、LiCoBO 3、LiNiBO 3和V 2O 5中的一种或几种。例如，第一电极层102的形成厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
如图5B所示，形成第二电极部分，例如形成叠层的第二电极集流体105、第二电子传输层107和第一电极层104。
例如，当第二电极集流体105的材料为金属膜或金属片，则可以通过裁切原料金属膜或原料金属片得到适当形状的金属膜或金属片，以获得第二电极集流体105。例如，也可以通过溅射、蒸镀或沉积等方法通过掩模板直接在一衬底(图中未示出)上形成图案化的第二电极集流体105。
例如，本实施例中，第二电极集流体105为负极集流层。第二电极集流体107的材料包括Mo、Cu、Ni、不锈钢和石墨、无定型碳中的一种或几种。例如，第二电极集流体107的厚度为20纳米-200纳米，例如50纳米、80纳米、150纳米、180纳米等。
例如，在第二电极集流体105形成后，可以在第二电极集流体105上形成第二电子传输层107。如图5B所示，以第二电极集流体105为基底，以薄膜形成方法，例如溅射、蒸镀或沉积等方法通过掩模板直接在第二电极集流体105上形成图案化的第二电子传输层107。
例如，第二电子传输层107的材料可以为无机电子传输材料。例如，该无机电子传输材料包括氟化物。例如，该氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。这些氟化物均具有良好的电子传输能力，可以修饰与其相邻的集流层和电极活性层的界面，并可以起到阻挡离子扩散的 作用。
例如，第二电子传输层107的形成厚度为1纳米-10纳米，例如1纳米、3纳米、5纳米、7纳米或9纳米等。在该厚度下，第二电子传输层107可以充分发挥其功能，并且不会影响电池整体的厚度。
如图5B所示，在第二电子传输层107形成后，以第二电子传输层107为基底，形成第二电极层104。例如，可以采用溅射、蒸镀或沉积等方法通过掩模板直接在第二电子传输层107上形成图案化的第二电极层104。
例如，第二电极层104为负极层。第二电极层104的材料包括SnO 2、石墨、锂金属、锂合金和锂化合物中的一种或几种。例如，第二电极层104的形成厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。
如图5C所示，在第一电极部分和第二电极部分形成后，在第一电极部分和第二电极部分之间形成电解质层103。例如，在一个示例中，电解质层103包括聚合物电解质膜。例如，将聚合物电解质膜形成在第一电极部分上，然后将第二电极部分与第一电极部分对置。例如，在另一个示例中，电解质层103包括隔膜和聚合物电解质或液体电解质。例如，在第一电极部分和第二电极部分之间形成隔膜，例如将事先准备好的隔膜夹置在第一电极部分和第二电极部分之间，并在后续工艺中向电池叠层结构中注入液体电解质或聚合物电解质，该液体电解质或聚合物电解质浸入到隔膜中。例如，隔膜可以采用织造膜、无纺布、微孔膜、复合膜等，例如采用聚丙烯、聚乙烯等聚烯烃微孔膜。
例如，液体电解质包括LiPF 6溶液、LiClO 4,溶液或LiAsF 6溶液等。聚合物电解质例如包括甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸甲酯(MA)及其衍生物等。例如，电解质层103的形成厚度为200纳米-20微米，例如500纳米、1微米、5微米、10微米等。本实施例对电解质层103的材料以及形成方法不作具体限定。
另外，本实施例中，可以根据实际需求(例如电池的容量、电池的应用环境等)与生产条件(例如生产成本、生产设备等)来选择锂离子电池各功能层的形成材料，并根据所选择的各功能层材料的性质以及对电池容量的需求等来选择各功能层的形成厚度。本实施对锂离子电池各功能的材料以及形成厚度不作具体限定。
利用本实施例的制备方法得到的锂离子电池包括第一电子传输层和/或第二电子传输层。该电子传输层可以修饰与其相邻的电极活性材料层和电极集流层的界面，填补电极活性材料层和电极集流层中可能存在的缺陷，增强电池的稳定性；同时，该电子传输层可以阻挡电极集流层中析出的离子，例如金属离子向电极活性材料层扩散而影响电极活性材料层的性能；另外，电子传输层具有良好的电子传输特性，可以提高电极活性材料层和电极集流层之间的电子传输能力，从而可以提高电池的充放电效率。
还有以下几点需要说明：
(1)本公开实施例附图只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构，其他结构可参考通常设计。
(2)为了清晰起见，在用于描述本公开的实施例的附图中，层或区域的厚度被放大或缩小，即这些附图并非按照实际的比例绘制。可以理解，当诸如层、膜、区域或基板之类的元件被称作位于另一元件“上”或“下”时，该元件可以“直接”位于另一元件“上”或“下”或者可以存在中间元件。
(3)在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合以得到新的实施例。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种锂离子电池，包括：
    叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；
    第一电子传输层和/或第二电子传输层，其中，所述第一电子传输层设置在所述第一电极层和所述第一电极集流体之间，所述第二电子传输层设置在所述第二电极层和所述第二电极集流体之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述第一电子传输层和/或所述第二电子传输层的材料为无机电子传输材料。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述无机电子传输材料包括氟化物。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述氟化物包括LiF、NaF、CsF、MgF 2、CaF 2和BaF 2中的一种或几种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述第一电子传输层和/或所述第二电子传输层的厚度为1纳米-10纳米。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，还包括：
    衬底；
    缓冲层，设置在所述衬底上；
    其中，所述叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体设置在所述缓冲层上。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述第一电极层为正极层，包括LCO、LMO、LNMO、NCA、NCM、CuS 2、TiS 2、FeS 2、SnS 2、LiFePO 4、LiMnPO 4、LiCoPO 4、LiNiPO 4、Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3、Li 2FeSiO 4、Li 2MnSiO 4、Li 2CoSiO 4、Li 2NiSiO 4、Li 2Fe 2(SO 4) 3、LiFeBO 3、LiMnBO 3、LiCoBO 3、LiNiBO 3和V 2O 5中的一种或几种。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述第一电极集流体的材料包括Mo、Al、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。
  9. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述电解质层包括分隔所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层的固体电解质层或聚合物电解质层。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述固体电解质层的材料包括LiPON、LLTO、LGSP、LPS、Thio-LiSiCON、LATP、LLZO、Li 2S、SiS 2、P 2S 5、SiS 2和B 2S 3中的一种或几种。
  11. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述电解质层包括隔膜和液体电解质或聚合物电解质，所述隔膜设置在所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间，所述液体电解质或聚合物电解质浸入所述隔膜。
  12. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述第二电极层为负极层，包括SnO 2、石墨、锂金属、锂合金和锂化合物中的一种或几种。
  13. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的锂离子电池，其中，所述第二电极集流体的材料包括Mo、Cu、Ni、不锈钢、石墨和无定型碳中的一种或几种。
  14. 一种锂离子电池的制备方法，包括：
    形成叠层的第一电极集流体、第一电极层、电解质层、第二电极层以及第二电极集流体；
    在所述第一电极层和所述第一电极集流体之间形成第一电子传输层，和/或在所述第二电极层和所述第二电极集流体之间形成第二电子传输层。
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