WO2020164288A1 - 一种自定位装夹车床 - Google Patents

一种自定位装夹车床 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020164288A1
WO2020164288A1 PCT/CN2019/120234 CN2019120234W WO2020164288A1 WO 2020164288 A1 WO2020164288 A1 WO 2020164288A1 CN 2019120234 W CN2019120234 W CN 2019120234W WO 2020164288 A1 WO2020164288 A1 WO 2020164288A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clamping
centering
workpiece
self
assembly
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/120234
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅利忠
Original Assignee
浙江傅氏机械科技有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 浙江傅氏机械科技有限公司 filed Critical 浙江傅氏机械科技有限公司
Publication of WO2020164288A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020164288A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B3/00—General-purpose turning-machines or devices, e.g. centre lathes with feed rod and lead screw; Sets of turning-machines
    • B23B3/06—Turning-machines or devices characterised only by the special arrangement of constructional units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/18—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for positioning only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a self-positioning clamping lathe.
  • polishing methods for metal surfaces There are many kinds of polishing methods for metal surfaces. Three methods, mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, and electrochemical polishing, have a large market share in industrial production.
  • the polishing of complex surfaces is mainly manual polishing, using mechanical polishing wheels and belt polishing methods, relying on the proficiency of the workers and visual control of the polishing quality, the stability is low, and most of the workers are in a very harsh polishing environment.
  • the generated dust and vibration have a great impact on the body and the environment.
  • Chinese patent CN201220071366.4 describes a lathe capable of grinding processing, including a lathe body and a grinding assembly that can be slidably fitted with the lathe body for processing a workpiece clamped on the lathe body;
  • the lathe body includes a lathe guide rail, a guide rail slider that can be slidably matched with the lathe guide rail, a chuck fixed to the front headstock of the lathe, and a tailstock that can be slidably matched with the lathe guide rail;
  • the grinding assembly includes The base is slidably fitted in the horizontal and vertical direction of the lathe rail and the grinding head assembly is used to grind the workpiece and can be slidably fitted with the base along the lathe rail;
  • this utility model is improved on the basis of the lathe It effectively increases the processing range of the external cylindrical grinding workpiece. On this basis, there is no need to re-process the large-diameter workpiece grinding machine, which reduces the cost; moreover, the utility model is easy to install and convenient to
  • the above mechanism has many shortcomings. For example, when the workpiece is clamped, it is necessary to manually loosen the three-jaw chuck on the rotating spindle before placing the workpiece in the three-jaw chuck, and manually clamp the three-jaw chuck The process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is difficult to ensure the coaxiality between the workpiece and the rotating spindle during clamping, and the processing error is large during processing, and the accuracy is not high.
  • the present invention provides a self-positioning clamping lathe, through which the automatic feeding device moves to the clamping rotation device while transporting the workpieces falling at intervals from the automatic feeding device to the clamping rotation device After contacting with the clamping rotating device, the self-centering component realizes the centering of the workpiece and the clamping rotating device, and the automatic clamping component automatically clamps the workpiece while the automatic feeding device continues to move forward.
  • the cutting control component to control the distance between the cutting component and the workpiece
  • the automatic feeding, positioning, clamping and processing integration of the workpiece are realized, which solves the difficulty in ensuring the same between the workpiece and the rotating spindle during clamping in the prior art. Axial degree, large processing error and low precision during processing.
  • a self-positioning clamping lathe includes a lathe body, a rotating main shaft rotatably arranged on the lathe body, and an automatic replenishing device arranged on one side of the lathe body, and further includes:
  • An automatic feeding device the automatic feeding device is slidably arranged on the lathe body and the automatic feeding device is located on one side in the axial direction of the rotating main shaft, and the automatic feeding device includes an automatic feeding device arranged on the lathe body
  • the feeding drive assembly on the upper part, the cutting assembly arranged at one end of the feeding drive assembly, the self-centering assembly arranged at one end of the feeding drive assembly and at one side of the cutting assembly, and both ends are respectively connected with the feeding
  • the material drive assembly and the self-centering assembly are connected to a cutting control assembly, the cutting control assembly measures the distance between the cutting assembly and the workpiece to perform cutting processing on the workpiece, and the initial end of the self-centering assembly is located at the automatic Directly below the output end of the refilling device and receive the workpiece; and
  • a clamping rotating device the clamping rotating device is arranged on the rotating main shaft, the clamping rotating device includes a clamping assembly and a clamping control assembly for performing clamping control of the clamping assembly, one end of the clamping control assembly It is arranged in intermittent contact with the workpiece on the self-centering assembly, and the clamping assembly is arranged coaxially with the self-centering assembly.
  • the self-centering component includes:
  • a centering connecting shaft, one end of the centering connecting shaft is connected to the cutting control assembly
  • a support seat one end of the support seat is arranged in contact with one end of the workpiece, the other end of the support seat is elastically connected to the centering connecting shaft, and the center position of the support seat is connected to the center position of the centering connecting shaft Set with centering spring;
  • a centering piece one end of the centering piece is slidably arranged on the end surface of the support seat, and the other end of the centering piece is hingedly arranged on the centering connecting shaft, and the support seat is used to push the workpiece on the clamp
  • the centering piece is subjected to elastic force and then expands outward along the center of the support seat to perform self-centering of the workpiece.
  • the inside of the support base is hollow, and the relationship between the outer diameter d of the support base and the inner diameter D of the workpiece satisfies, D>d.
  • the centering piece includes:
  • Centering holes the number of the centering holes is at least three groups and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential surface of the support seat;
  • a sliding limit plate is correspondingly arranged on both ends of the centering hole, and the sliding limit plate is arranged toward the center of the support seat, and the sliding limit plate is located on the support seat
  • the sliding limit area is formed in the hollow area of and between the sliding limit plates
  • top block the top block is slidably arranged in the sliding limit area, one end of the top block intermittently protrudes out of the centering hole and is arranged in intermittent contact with the workpiece, the top block and the centering hole Corresponding settings;
  • a centering link one end of the centering link is hingedly arranged on the other end of the top block, and the other end of the centering link is hingedly arranged on one end of the centering connecting shaft.
  • the cutting control component includes:
  • a centering piece connecting shaft, one end of the centering piece connecting shaft is connected to the self-centering assembly, and the centering piece connecting shaft is hollow inside;
  • the drive shaft is slidably sleeved and arranged in the centering member connecting shaft, and one end of the drive shaft is fixedly connected to one end of the feed drive assembly, and the other end of the drive shaft is connected to The connecting shaft of the centering piece is connected;
  • the fastener is arranged on the circumferential surface of one end of the connecting shaft of the centering piece, and the fastener is connected to the inside of the connecting shaft of the centering piece, and one end of the fastener is connected to the Intermittent contact setting of drive shaft;
  • the fastening drive rack is fixedly arranged on the lathe body, and the fastening drive rack is arranged in cooperation with the fastener.
  • the fastener includes:
  • a fastening nut is fixedly arranged on the circumferential surface of one end of the connecting shaft of the centering member, and the fastening nut is arranged in communication with the connecting shaft of the centering member;
  • a fastening bolt is threadedly connected to the fastening nut, and one end of the fastening bolt extends into the connecting shaft of the centering member and is arranged in intermittent contact with the drive shaft;
  • a drive gear the drive gear is fixedly connected to the other end of the fastening bolt, and the drive gear is intermittently meshed with the fastening drive rack.
  • the clamping assembly includes:
  • a clamping seat the clamping seat is fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating main shaft, the clamping seat is hollow with an opening facing the self-centering component, and a workpiece clamping area is formed in the hollow, and the clamping seat and The self-centering components are arranged coaxially;
  • Clamping holes where the number of clamping holes is at least three groups and is evenly opened along the circumferential surface of the clamping seat;
  • a clamping piece, the clamping piece is arranged corresponding to the clamping hole, and the clamping piece clamps the workpiece in the clamping seat.
  • the clamping control assembly includes:
  • a clamping limit shaft, the clamping limit shaft is fixedly arranged on one end of the rotating main shaft, and the clamping limit shaft is hollow inside;
  • a sliding control shaft the sliding control shaft is slidably sleeved in the rotating main shaft, and one end of the sliding control shaft is connected to one end of the clamping limit shaft through a control spring, and the other end of the sliding control shaft is connected to the workpiece
  • the end surface of the sliding control shaft is arranged in discontinuous conflict, and the contact end of the sliding control shaft and the workpiece is arranged in a spherical shape.
  • the clamping member includes:
  • a clamping block the clamping block is slidably arranged in the clamping hole and intermittently extending into the clamping seat, one end of the clamping block is arranged in intermittent contact with the workpiece, the clamping block and the clamp Tight hole corresponding setting;
  • a first connecting rod, one end of the first connecting rod is hingedly arranged on the other end of the clamping block, and a waist groove is opened in the middle of the first connecting rod, and the waist groove is matched and arranged on the clamping seat On the circumference
  • a second connecting rod one end of the second connecting rod is hingedly arranged on the other end of the first connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hingedly arranged on the circumferential surface of the sliding control shaft.
  • the relationship between the stiffness coefficient K1 of the control spring and the stiffness coefficient K2 of the centering spring satisfies, K1>K2.
  • the support base hangs the workpiece on the outer circumferential surface of the support base during the forward movement of the support base.
  • the centering spring compresses, causing the centering piece to expand outward, which increases the outer diameter of the contact surface between the support seat and the workpiece, and the support seat expands on the centering piece.
  • the clamping control assembly when the support base transports the workpiece to one end of the clamping control assembly for contact, the clamping control assembly is synchronized to drive the clamping assembly to move during the shrinking process to realize the alignment
  • the workpiece in the tight assembly is clamped, and no other control devices are needed during the synchronization process, which reduces energy consumption;
  • the cutting control assembly controls the drive shaft not to slide in the connecting shaft of the centering part in the front section of the self-centering assembly to the clamping assembly for the workpiece feeding and transportation.
  • the tightening drive rack meshes with the drive gear on the fastener, the fastener loosens the limit on the drive shaft, so that the drive shaft slides along the connecting shaft of the centering piece, so that the cutting assembly is close to the workpiece and the workpiece Carry out the cutting process, and at the same time, the tightening drive rack will drive the gear to rotate again when resetting, and the fastener will fix and limit the centering piece connecting shaft again;
  • feeding and clamping of the workpiece are carried out in synchronization with the rotation of the rotating main shaft, so that the rotating main shaft does not stop rotating, which increases the service life of the lathe;
  • the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, fast clamping, high processing efficiency, long service life, etc., and is especially suitable for the field of metal surface treatment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automatic feeding device in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the self-centering component of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the self-centering component of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the self-centering component of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged view of the partial structure of the automatic feeding device in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cutaway view of the working state of the self-centering component of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the second sectional view of the working state of the self-centering component in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the clamping rotating device and the rotating spindle in the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a front view of the assembly of the clamping and rotating device and the rotating spindle in the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping member of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a cutaway schematic view of the working state of the clamping rotating device and the automatic feeding device in the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a cut-away schematic diagram of the working state of the clamping rotating device and the automatic feeding device in the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 14;
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the processed workpiece in the present invention.
  • a self-positioning clamping lathe includes a lathe body 1, a rotating spindle 2 that is rotatably arranged on the lathe body 1, and an automatic compensation set on one side of the lathe body 1.
  • Material device 3 also includes:
  • the automatic feeding device 4 is slidably arranged on the lathe body 1 and the automatic feeding device 4 is located on one side in the axial direction of the rotating spindle 2, and the automatic feeding device 4 includes
  • the feeding drive assembly 41 is arranged on the lathe body 1, the cutting assembly 42 arranged at one end of the feeding drive assembly 41, and the cutting assembly 42 arranged at one end of the feeding drive assembly 41 and located on the side of the cutting assembly 42
  • the self-centering assembly 43 and the cutting control assembly 44 provided at both ends of the feed drive assembly 41 and the self-centering assembly 43 are respectively connected to the cutting control assembly 44.
  • the cutting control assembly 44 measures the distance between the cutting assembly 42 and the workpiece 10 to perform For the cutting process of the workpiece 10, the initial end of the self-centering assembly 43 is located directly below the output end of the automatic refilling device 3 and the workpiece 10 is received; and
  • a clamping and rotating device 5 the clamping and rotating device 5 is arranged on the rotating main shaft 2, the clamping and rotating device 5 includes a clamping assembly 51 and a clamping control assembly 52 for performing clamping control of the clamping assembly 51, One end of the clamping control component 52 is arranged in intermittent contact with the workpiece on the self-centering component 43, and the clamping component 51 is coaxially arranged with the self-centering component 43.
  • the self-centering component 43 on the automatic feeding device 4 is located at the initial position below the output end of the automatic feeding device 3.
  • the automatic feeding device The device 3 includes a replenishment rail 31 and an output control member 32 arranged on the output end of the replenishment rail 31.
  • the workpiece 10 to be processed enters the replenishment rail 31, and the output port is intermittently performed by the output control member 32 at the output end.
  • the opening and closing control makes the workpiece 10 output to the automatic feeding device 4 at intervals.
  • the self-centering assembly 43 When the workpiece 10 is output downward, the self-centering assembly 43 will hang the workpiece 10 on the circumferential surface of the support base 432 when moving forward , The upper end of the inner circumferential surface of the support seat 432 is in tangential contact with the upper end of the outer circumferential surface of the support seat 432, and at the same time, the feeding drive assembly 41 is located on the support seat 432 while the self-centering assembly 43 continues to move forward.
  • One end of the workpiece 10 is in contact with the sliding control shaft 522 on the clamping control assembly 52, so that the centering piece 433 performs the centering processing of the workpiece 10, and at the same time, the clamping assembly 51 is moved forward to realize the clamping assembly 51 to the workpiece 10 It is clamped in the clamping seat 511 so that the workpiece 10 rotates following the rotating spindle 2, and the cutting assembly 42 performs the cutting process on the surface of the workpiece 10 while continuing to move forward.
  • the workpiece 10 is hollow at one end, a through hole 101 is opened on the other end of the workpiece 10, and an annular sleeve 102 is formed at one end of the hollow of the workpiece 10, as described in this embodiment
  • the equipment performs cutting processing on one end of the circumferential sleeve 102 of the workpiece 10.
  • the self-centering component 43 includes:
  • a centering connecting shaft 431, one end of the centering connecting shaft 431 is connected to the cutting control assembly 44;
  • a support seat 432 one end of the support seat 432 is arranged in contact with one end of the workpiece 10, the other end of the support seat 432 is elastically connected to the centering connecting shaft 431, and the center position of the support seat 432 is connected to centering
  • a centering spring 430 is connected to the center of the shaft 431;
  • a centering piece 433, one end of the centering piece 433 is slidably arranged on the end surface of the support base 432, and the other end of the centering piece 433 is hingedly arranged on the centering connecting shaft 431, the support base 432
  • the centering member 433 is subjected to elastic force and then expands outward along the center of the supporting seat 432, so that the workpiece 10 is self-centered.
  • the outer diameter of the support base 432 must be smaller than the inner diameter of the workpiece 10.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the support base 432 and the inner circumferential surface of the workpiece 10 are tangent at a point at the upper end in the height direction. 432 supports the workpiece 10 at the tangent position.
  • the workpiece 10 is equivalent to being hung on the support seat 432.
  • the support base 432 and the centering spring 430 on the centering connecting shaft 431 are contracted, and the centering piece 433 expands outward along the support base 432, so that the centering member 433 self-centers the workpiece 10 on the support base 432 in a three-point support manner.
  • the inside of the support base 432 is hollow, and the relationship between the outer diameter d of the support base 432 and the inner diameter D of the workpiece 10 satisfies, D>d.
  • the centering piece 433 expands outwards, the workpiece 10 that is originally tangent to the outer circumferential surface of the support seat 432 moves upward for a certain distance at the same time, and the centering piece 433 expands outwards to form a three-point determination
  • the outer diameter of the circumferential surface of ⁇ is matched with the inner diameter of the workpiece 10, and the three points of the centering piece 433 are in contact with the inner diameter of the workpiece 10, so that the workpiece 10 and the support seat 432 are arranged coaxially.
  • the centering member 433 includes:
  • Centering holes 4331 the number of the centering holes 4331 is at least three groups and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential surface of the support base 432;
  • the sliding limit plate 4332 is correspondingly disposed on both ends of the centering hole 4331, and the sliding limit plate 4332 is set toward the center of the support seat 432, the sliding limit plate 4332 4332 is located in the hollow area of the support base 432 and a sliding limit area 4330 is formed between the sliding limit plates 4332;
  • the top block 4333 is slidably arranged in the sliding limit area 4330, one end of the top block 4333 intermittently protrudes out of the centering hole 4331 and is arranged in intermittent contact with the workpiece 10, the top block 4333 is arranged corresponding to the centering hole 4331;
  • a centering connecting rod 4334, one end of the centering connecting rod 4334 is hingedly arranged on the other end of the top block 4333, and the other end of the centering connecting rod 4334 is hingedly arranged on one end of the centering connecting shaft 431.
  • the centering spring 430 contracts, the downward movement of the centering link 4334 drives the top block 4333 to move outward from the centering hole 4331 along the sliding limit area 4330 formed in the sliding limit plate 4332. Extending, at least three sets of top blocks 4333 are in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the workpiece 10, so that the workpiece 10 and the support base 432 are coaxial.
  • the cutting control component 44 includes:
  • a centering piece connecting shaft 441, one end of the centering piece connecting shaft 441 is connected to the self-centering assembly 43, and the centering piece connecting shaft 441 is hollow inside;
  • the drive shaft 442 is slidably sleeved and arranged in the centering member connecting shaft 441, and one end of the drive shaft 442 is fixedly connected to one end of the feed drive assembly 41. The other end is connected to the centering piece connecting shaft 441 through a spring connection;
  • the fastener 443 is arranged on the circumferential surface of one end of the centering piece connecting shaft 441, and the fastener 443 is connected to the inside of the centering piece connecting shaft 441.
  • the fastener One end of 443 is in intermittent contact with the drive shaft 442;
  • the fastening drive rack 444 is fixedly arranged on the lathe body 1, and the fastening drive rack 444 is arranged in cooperation with the fastener 443.
  • the fastener 443 includes:
  • a fastening nut 4431, the fastening nut 4431 is fixedly arranged on the circumferential surface of one end of the centering member connecting shaft 441, and the fastening nut 4431 is connected to the centering member connecting shaft 441;
  • Fastening bolt 4432 the fastening bolt 4432 is threadedly connected to the fastening nut 4431, and one end of the fastening bolt 4432 extends into the centering piece connecting shaft 441 and is in intermittent contact with the drive shaft 442 Set up
  • the driving gear 4433 is fixedly connected to the other end of the fastening bolt 4432, and the driving gear 4433 is intermittently engaged with the fastening driving rack 444.
  • the drive gear 4433 is fixedly arranged on the lathe body 1.
  • the tightening drive rack 444 enters the clamping seat 511 on the workpiece 10, Before the clamping piece 513 clamps the workpiece 10, it engages with the drive gear 4433, and while the workpiece 10 is clamped by the clamping piece 513, one end of the fastening bolt 4432 loosens the contact with the drive shaft 442, The centering member connecting shaft 441 is moved along the drive shaft 442, so that the distance between the cutting assembly 42 and the workpiece 10 changes, and the cutting assembly 42 performs cutting processing on the workpiece 10.
  • the clamping assembly 51 includes:
  • the clamping seat 511 is fixedly arranged at one end of the rotating main shaft 2.
  • the clamping seat 511 is hollow with an opening facing the self-centering assembly 43, and a workpiece clamping area 510 is formed in the hollow.
  • the clamping seat 511 is coaxially arranged with the self-centering assembly 43;
  • Clamping holes 512 the number of the clamping holes 512 is at least three groups and is evenly opened along the circumferential surface of the clamping seat 511;
  • the clamping member 513 is arranged corresponding to the clamping hole 512, and the clamping member 513 clamps the workpiece 10 in the clamping seat 511.
  • the workpiece 10 is in contact with the spherical shape of one end of the sliding control shaft 522 under the feeding push of the automatic feeding device 4, so that the control spring 520 shrinks, and the sliding control shaft 522 moves along the clamping limit shaft 521. Slide, and drive the clamping member 513 to clamp the workpiece 10 during the sliding process.
  • the clamping control assembly 52 includes:
  • a clamping limit shaft 521, the clamping limit shaft 521 is fixedly arranged on one end of the rotating main shaft 2, and the clamping limit shaft 521 is hollow inside;
  • the sliding control shaft 522 is slidably sleeved in the rotating main shaft 2, and one end of the sliding control shaft 522 is connected to one end of the clamping limit shaft 521 through a control spring 520, and the sliding control The other end of the shaft 522 intermittently interferes with the end surface of the workpiece 10, and the contact end of the sliding control shaft 522 with the workpiece 10 is arranged in a spherical shape.
  • the clamping member 513 includes:
  • the clamping block 5131 is slidably arranged in the clamping hole 512 and intermittently extends into the clamping seat 511. One end of the clamping block 5131 is arranged in intermittent contact with the workpiece 10.
  • the tightening block 5131 is arranged corresponding to the clamping hole 512;
  • the first link 5132 one end of the first link 5132 is hingedly arranged on the other end of the clamping block 5131, and the middle of the first link 5132 is provided with a waist groove, and the waist groove is arranged in cooperation The circumferential surface of the clamping seat 511;
  • a second link 5133 one end of the second link 5133 is hingedly arranged on the other end of the first link 5132, and the other end of the second link 5133 is hinged on the circumference of the sliding control shaft 522 Surface.
  • the stiffness coefficient K1 of the control spring 520 is selected to be less than the stiffness coefficient K2 of the centering spring 430, so that when one end of the sliding control shaft 522 is in contact with one end of the workpiece 10, the centering spring 430 first contracts to make the centering The piece 433 performs self-centering processing on the workpiece 10, and after the self-centering is completed, the control spring 520 contracts, so that the clamping piece 513 clamps the workpiece 10 in the clamping seat 511 for rotation.
  • the self-centering assembly 43 on the automatic feeding device 4 is located at the initial position below the output end of the automatic feeding device 3.
  • the automatic feeding device 3 includes a feeding track 31 And the output control member 32 arranged on the output end of the replenishment rail 31, the workpiece 10 to be processed enters the replenishment rail 31, and the output control member 32 performs the intermittent opening and closing control of the output port at the output end, so that the workpiece 10 The interval is output to the automatic feeding device 4.
  • the self-centering assembly 43 hangs the workpiece 10 on the circumferential surface of the support base 432 when the workpiece 10 moves forward, and the inner circumference of the support base 432 The upper end of the surface is in tangential contact with the upper end of the outer circumferential surface of the support seat 432.
  • the end of the workpiece 10 on the support seat 432 is in contact with the clamp while the feed drive assembly 41 performs the self-centering assembly 43 to move forward.
  • the sliding control shaft 522 on the tightening control assembly 52 makes contact, so that the centering member 433 performs centering processing on the workpiece 10, and at the same time, the clamping assembly 51 clamps the workpiece 10 on the clamping seat 511 while continuing to move forward.
  • the cutting assembly 42 performs the cutting process on the surface of the workpiece 10 while continuing to move forward.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, “plurality” means two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种自定位装夹车床，包括车床本体、旋转主轴、自动补料装置、自动进料装置以及夹持旋转装置；自动进料装置包括进料驱动组件、切削组件、自定心组件及切削控制组件；夹持旋转装置包括夹紧组件及夹紧控制组件；自动进料装置在向旋转主轴移动时，将从自动补料装置间隔落下的工件运输至夹持旋转装置内，并在与夹持旋转装置接触后实现工件自定心，在自动进料装置继续向前移动的过程中实现夹紧组件对工件的自动夹紧，同时由切削控制组件控制切削组件与工件的距离，实现工件的自动上料、定位、装夹和加工一体化，解决了现有技术中的在装夹时难以保证工件与旋转主轴之间的同轴度，加工时加工误差大，精度不高的技术问题。

Description

一种自定位装夹车床 技术领域
本发明涉及金属的表面处理领域，尤其涉及一种自定位装夹车床。
背景技术
金属表面的抛光方法有很多种，在工业生产中占有市场份额较大、使用的较多的是机械抛光、化学抛光、和电化学抛光这三种方法。
对于机械抛光方法，目前设备投入成本昂贵、操作复杂，难以在薄利的抛光行业广泛推广使用。复杂表面抛光以人工抛光为主，使用机械抛光轮、皮带抛光的方法，靠工人的熟练程度及目视控制抛光质量，稳定性低，同时大部分工人所在的抛光环境十分恶略，抛光过程中产生的粉尘和震动对身体和环境都有很大的影响。一些小车间或手工作坊仍在使用手工机械抛光轮实现工件抛光，一些大型表面的处理单位已经正在推广成批抛光的方法，这种方法是将一定比例的成批零件与磨料和一些催化济混合后放入滚筒容器等使他们相互摩擦碰撞而达到抛光目的，这种方法的优点是工人劳动强度低、效率高、成本低、不依赖工人的熟练程度、质量稳定，适合各种形状的零部件但抛光洁度稍差。
中国专利CN201220071366.4描述了一种可磨削加工的车床，包括车床本体和可与所述车床本体滑动配合的用于对夹持在所述车床本体上的工件进行加工的磨削组件；所述车床本体包括车床导轨、可与车床导轨滑动配合的导轨滑块、固定在车床前端主轴箱的卡盘和可与车床导轨滑动配合的尾座；所述磨削组件包括可与所述导轨滑块沿水平垂直于车床导轨方向滑动配合的基座和用于磨削工件的可与所述基座的沿车床导轨方向滑动配合的磨头总成；该实用新型在车床的基础之上进行改进，有效地增大了对外圆磨削工件的加工范围，在此基础上，不需要重新进行大直径工件磨床，降低了成本；而且，该实用新型易于安装，操作便捷。
上述机构存在许多不足，如在进行工件的装夹时，需要人工将旋转主轴上的三爪卡盘松开后再将工件放置在三爪卡盘内，并通过人工将三爪卡盘进行卡紧，该过程费时费力，且在装夹时难以保证工件与旋转主轴之间的同轴度，在加工时加工误差大，精度不高。
发明内容
本发明的针对现有技术的不足提供一种自定位装夹车床，通过自动进料装置在向夹持旋转装置处移动的同时，将从自动补料装置间隔落下的工件运输至夹持旋转装置内，并在与夹持旋转装置接触后由自定心组件实现工件与夹持旋转装置定心后，在自动进料装置继续向前移动的过程中实现夹紧组件对工件的自动夹紧，同时配合切削控制组件控制切削组件与工件的距离，实现工件的自动上料、定位、装夹和加工一体化，解决了现有技术中的在装夹时难以保证工件与旋转主轴之间的同轴度，加工时加工误差大，精度不高的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种自定位装夹车床，包括车床本体、转动设置于所述车床本体上的旋转主轴以及设置于所述车床本体上一侧的自动补料装置，还包括：
自动进料装置，所述自动进料装置滑动设置于所述车床本体上且该自动进料装置位于所述旋转主轴轴向方向上的一侧，该自动进料装置包括设置于所述车床本体上的进料驱动组件、设置于所述进料驱动组件一端的切削组件、设置于所述进料驱动组件一端且位于所述切削组件一侧的自定心组件及两端分别与所述进料驱动组件和自定心组件连接设置的切削控制组件，所述切削控制组件进行切削组件与工件之间的距离以进行对工件的切削处理，所述自定心组件的初始端位于所述自动补料装置输出端的正下方并进行工件的接料；以及
夹持旋转装置，所述夹持旋转装置设置于所述旋转主轴上，该夹持旋转装置包括夹紧组件及进行该夹紧组件夹紧控制的夹紧控制组件，所述夹紧控制组件一端与所述自定心组件上的工件间断接触设置，所述夹紧组件与所述自定心组件同轴设置。
作为改进，所述自定心组件包括：
定心连接轴，所述定心连接轴一端连接设置于所述切削控制组件上；
支撑座，所述支撑座一端与所述工件一端接触设置，该支撑座的另一端弹性连接于所述定心连接轴上，所述支撑座的中心位置与定心连接轴的中心位置上连接设置有定心弹簧；
定心件，所述定心件一端滑动设置于所述支撑座的端面上，且该定心 件的另一端铰接设置于所述定心连接轴上，所述支撑座在将工件顶在夹紧组件上时，定心件受到弹性力作用后沿支撑座的圆心向外进行扩张，进行工件的自定心。
作为改进，所述支撑座的内部为中空设置，且该支撑座的外径d与工件的内径D之间的关系满足，D＞d。
作为改进，所述定心件包括：
定心孔，所述定心孔数量至少为三组且沿所述支撑座的圆周面均布开设；
滑动限位板，所述滑动限位板对应设置于所述定心孔的两端上，且该滑动限位板朝向所述支撑座的圆心方向设置，该滑动限位板位于所述支撑座的中空区域内且该滑动限位板之间形成滑动限位区域；
顶块，所述顶块滑动设置于所述滑动限位区域内，该顶块的一端间断伸出于所述定心孔外且与工件间断接触设置，所述顶块与所述定心孔对应设置；
定心连杆，所述定心连杆一端铰接设置于所述顶块的另一端上，该定心连杆的另一端铰接设置于所述定心连接轴的一端上。
作为改进，所述切削控制组件包括：
定心件连接轴，所述定心件连接轴一端与所述自定心组件连接设置，该定心件连接轴为内部中空设置；
驱动轴，所述驱动轴滑动套接设置于所述定心件连接轴内，且该驱动轴的一端固定连接于所述进料驱动组件的一端上，该驱动轴的另一端通过弹簧连接与所述定心件连接轴连接设置；
紧固件，所述紧固件设置于所述定心件连接轴一端的圆周面上，且该紧固件与所述定心件连接轴内部连通设置，该紧固件的一端与所述驱动轴间断接触设置；
紧固驱动齿条，所述紧固驱动齿条固定设置于所述车床本体上，该紧固驱动齿条与所述紧固件配合设置。
作为改进，所述紧固件包括：
紧固螺母，所述紧固螺母固定设置于所述定心件连接轴一端的圆周面上，且该紧固螺母与所述定心件连接轴连通设置；
紧固螺栓，所述紧固螺栓螺纹连接于所述紧固螺母上，且该紧固螺栓一端伸入于所述定心件连接轴内且与所述驱动轴间断接触设置；
驱动齿轮，所述驱动齿轮固定连接于所述紧固螺栓的另一端上，且该驱动齿轮与所述紧固驱动齿条间断啮合设置。
作为改进，所述夹紧组件包括：
夹紧座，所述夹紧座固定设置于所述旋转主轴的一端，该夹紧座为开口朝向自定心组件的中空设置，且于中空处形成工件夹持区域，所述夹紧座与所述自定心组件同轴设置；
夹紧孔，所述夹紧孔数量至少为三组且沿所述夹紧座圆周表面均布开设；
夹紧件，所述夹紧件与所述夹紧孔对应设置，该夹紧件进行工件于所述夹紧座内的夹紧。
作为改进，所述夹紧控制组件包括：
夹紧限位轴，所述夹紧限位轴固定设置于所述旋转主轴的一端上，该夹紧限位轴为内部中空设置；
滑动控制轴，所述滑动控制轴滑动套设于所述旋转主轴内，且该滑动控制轴的一端与所述夹紧限位轴一端通过控制弹簧连接设置，该滑动控制轴的另一端与工件的端面间断抵触设置，该滑动控制轴与工件接触端为球形设置。
作为改进，所述夹紧件包括：
夹紧块，所述夹紧块滑动设置于所述夹紧孔内且间断伸入于所述夹紧座内，该夹紧块一端与工件间断接触设置，所述夹紧块与所述夹紧孔对应设置；
第一连杆，所述第一连杆的一端铰接设置于所述夹紧块的另一端上，且该第一连杆的中部开设有腰槽，且腰槽配合设置于所述夹紧座的圆周面上；
第二连杆，所述第二连杆的一端铰接设置于所述第一连杆的另一端上，该第二连杆的另一端铰接设置于所述滑动控制轴的圆周面上。
作为改进，所述控制弹簧的劲度系数K1与定心弹簧的劲度系数K2之间的关系满足，K1＞K2。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)本发明较传统的车床，通过自动进料装置在向夹持旋转装置处移动的同时，将从自动补料装置间隔落下的工件运输至夹持旋转装置内，并在与夹持旋转装置接触后由自定心组件实现工件与夹持旋转装置定心后，在自动进料装置继续向前移动的过程中实现夹紧组件对工件的自动夹紧，同时配合切削控制组件控制切削组件与工件的距离，实现工件的自动上料、定位、装夹和加工一体化，代替原有手工装夹的方式，大大提高了生产加工效率；
(2)本发明较传统的车床，通过将支撑座的外径设置成大于工件的内径，在支撑座向前移动的过程中支撑座将工件挂在支撑座的外圆周面上，在工件的另一端与夹紧控制组件上的滑动控制轴一端接触时，定心弹簧压缩，使得定心件向外扩张，使得支撑座与工件接触面的外径增大，支撑座在定心件的扩张下实现工件的自定心，使得工件与支撑座处于同轴状态，实现在装夹进料的同步进行工件的自定心，方便快捷，同时方便支撑座对工件的进料运输；
(3)本发明较传统的车床，通过设置夹紧控制组件，在支撑座将工件运输至于夹紧控制组件一端进行接触时，夹紧控制组件收缩过程中同步带动夹紧组件运动实现对位于夹紧组件内的工件进行夹紧，同步过程中不需其他控制装置，降低了能耗；
(4)本发明较传统的车床，通过将控制弹簧的劲度系数设置成大于定心弹簧的劲度系数，在自动进料装置上的支撑座与滑动控制轴一端进行接触时，定心弹簧先进行收缩，实现定心件对工件的自定心处理，同时在支撑座继续向夹紧控制组件处进行移动时，带动控制弹簧收缩，控制弹簧在收缩过程中驱动带动夹紧组件进行工件的夹紧，实现工件定心后的快速夹紧，确保加工过程中的同轴度，减少径向圆跳动；
(4)本发明较传统的车床，通过设置切削控制组件，在自定心组件向夹紧组件进行工件的进料运输的前段，切削控制组件控制驱动轴不在定心件连接轴内进行滑动，当紧固驱动齿条与紧固件上的驱动齿轮啮合时，紧固件松开对驱动轴的限位，使得驱动轴沿着定心件连接轴进行滑动，使得切削组件靠近工件并对工件进行切削处理，同时在复位时再次由紧固驱 动齿条进行驱动齿轮进行转动，进行紧固件对定心件连接轴的再次固定限位；
(5)本发明较传统的车床，通过在旋转主轴进行旋转的同步进行进料及工件的夹持，使得旋转主轴不停转，使得车床的使用寿命增长；
(6)本发明较传统的车床，通过将滑动控制轴与工件接触端设置成球形，使得滑动控制轴在与工件转动接触时摩擦阻力减小，减少对工件的损伤。
总之，本发明具有结构简单，装夹快速、加工效率高、使用寿命长等优点，尤其适用于金属的表面处理领域。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。
图1为本发明的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明的正视图；
图3为本发明中自动进料装置的结构示意图；
图4为本发明中自定心组件的结构示意图；
图5为本发明中自定心组件的正视图；
图6为本发明中自定心组件的工作状态示意图；
图7为本发明中自动进料装置的局部结构放大图；
图8为本发明中自定心组件的工作状态剖开图；
图9为本发明中自定心组件的工作状态剖开图二；
图10为本发明中夹持旋转装置与旋转主轴的装配示意图；
图11为本发明中夹持旋转装置与旋转主轴的装配正视图；
图12为本发明中夹紧件的结构示意图；
图13为本发明中夹持旋转装置与自动进料装置的工作状态剖开示意图；
图14为本发明中夹持旋转装置与自动进料装置的工作状态剖开示意图二；
图15为图14中A处的放大图；
图16为本发明中加工工件的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地说明。
实施例一
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1、2和3所示，一种自定位装夹车床，包括车床本体1、转动设置于所述车床本体1上的旋转主轴2以及设置于所述车床本体1上一侧的自动补料装置3，还包括：
自动进料装置4，所述自动进料装置4滑动设置于所述车床本体1上且该自动进料装置4位于所述旋转主轴2轴向方向上的一侧，该自动进料装置4包括设置于所述车床本体1上的进料驱动组件41、设置于所述进料驱动组件41一端的切削组件42、设置于所述进料驱动组件41一端且位于所述切削组件42一侧的自定心组件43及两端分别与所述进料驱动组件41和自定心组件43连接设置的切削控制组件44，所述切削控制组件44进行切削组件42与工件10之间的距离以进行对工件10的切削处理，所述自定心组件43的初始端位于所述自动补料装置3输出端的正下方并进行工件10的接料；以及
夹持旋转装置5，所述夹持旋转装置5设置于所述旋转主轴2上，该夹持旋转装置5包括夹紧组件51及进行该夹紧组件51夹紧控制的夹紧控制组件52，所述夹紧控制组件52一端与所述自定心组件43上的工件间断接触设置，所述夹紧组件51与所述自定心组件43同轴设置。
需要说明的是，如图1至7所示，自动进料装置4上的自定心组件43在初始位置位于自动补料装置3输出端一侧的下方，值得一提的是，自动补料装置3包括补料轨道31及设置于补料轨道31输出端上的输出控制件32，需要加工的工件10进入到补料轨道31内，并在输出端由输出控制件32进行输出口间断的开合控制，使得工件10间隔向自动进料装置 4处输出，在工件10向下进行输出时，自定心组件43在向前进行移动时将工件10吊持在支撑座432的圆周表面上，支撑座432的内圆周面上端与支撑座432的外圆周面的上端进行相切接触，同时在进料驱动组件41进行自定心组件43继续向前移动的过程中，位于支撑座432上的工件10的一端与夹紧控制组件52上的滑动控制轴522进行接触，使得定心件433进行对工件10的定心处理，同时在继续向前移动过程中实现夹紧组件51对工件10夹紧在夹紧座511内，并使得工件10跟随旋转主轴2进行转动，同时由切削组件42在继续向前移动过程中进行工件10表面的切削处理。
值得一提的是，如图16所示，工件10为一端中空设置，工件10的另一端上开设有通孔101，工件10中空处的一端形成环向套102，在本实施例中描述的设备是对工件10的环向套102的一端进行切削加工处理。
进一步地，如图4、5和6所示，所述自定心组件43包括：
定心连接轴431，所述定心连接轴431一端连接设置于所述切削控制组件44上；
支撑座432，所述支撑座432一端与所述工件10一端接触设置，该支撑座432的另一端弹性连接于所述定心连接轴431上，所述支撑座432的中心位置与定心连接轴431的中心位置上连接设置有定心弹簧430；
定心件433，所述定心件433一端滑动设置于所述支撑座432的端面上，且该定心件433的另一端铰接设置于所述定心连接轴431上，所述支撑座432在将工件10顶在夹紧组件51上时，定心件433受到弹性力作用后沿支撑座432的圆心向外进行扩张，进行工件10的自定心。
需要说明的是，支撑座432的外径要小于工件10的内径，在初始位置时支撑座432的外圆周面与工件10的内圆周面在高度方向上的上端一点处进行相切，支撑座432对工件10在相切位置处进行支撑，工件10相当于挂持在支撑座432上，当工件10由支撑座432挂持着向夹紧座511一侧进行进给时，工件10的一端面先与滑动控制轴522的一端面球形端面进行接触，由于工件10和支撑座432受到相对的推力，使得支撑座432与定心连接轴431上的定心弹簧430发生收缩，同时定心件433进行沿支撑座432向外的扩张，使得定心件433以三点支撑的方式将工件10自定心在支撑座432上。
进一步地，如图4、8和9所示，所述支撑座432的内部为中空设置，且该支撑座432的外径d与工件10的内径D之间的关系满足，D＞d。
需要说明的是，在定心件433向外扩张后使得原本与支撑座432外圆周面相切的工件10同时进行向上一段距离的移动，而定心件433向外扩张后形成的以三点确定的圆周面的外径与工件10的内径相适配，定心件433的三点均与工件10的内径接触，使得工件10与支撑座432呈同轴心设置。
进一步地，如图4、8和9所示，所述定心件433包括：
定心孔4331，所述定心孔4331数量至少为三组且沿所述支撑座432的圆周面均布开设；
滑动限位板4332，所述滑动限位板4332对应设置于所述定心孔4331的两端上，且该滑动限位板4332朝向所述支撑座432的圆心方向设置，该滑动限位板4332位于所述支撑座432的中空区域内且该滑动限位板4332之间形成滑动限位区域4330；
顶块4333，所述顶块4333滑动设置于所述滑动限位区域4330内，该顶块4333的一端间断伸出于所述定心孔4331外且与工件10间断接触设置，所述顶块4333与所述定心孔4331对应设置；
定心连杆4334，所述定心连杆4334一端铰接设置于所述顶块4333的另一端上，该定心连杆4334的另一端铰接设置于所述定心连接轴431的一端上。
需要说明的是，在定心弹簧430发生收缩时，通过定心连杆4334的向下移动带动顶块4333沿着滑动限位板4332内形成的滑动限位区域4330从定心孔4331向外伸出，至少三组的顶块4333与工件10的内圆周面相接触，使得工件10与支撑座432实现同轴。
进一步地，如图7、13和14所示，所述切削控制组件44包括：
定心件连接轴441，所述定心件连接轴441一端与所述自定心组件43连接设置，该定心件连接轴441为内部中空设置；
驱动轴442，所述驱动轴442滑动套接设置于所述定心件连接轴441内，且该驱动轴442的一端固定连接于所述进料驱动组件41的一端上，该驱动轴442的另一端通过弹簧连接与所述定心件连接轴441连接设置；
紧固件443，所述紧固件443设置于所述定心件连接轴441一端的圆周面上，且该紧固件443与所述定心件连接轴441内部连通设置，该紧固件443的一端与所述驱动轴442间断接触设置；
紧固驱动齿条444，所述紧固驱动齿条444固定设置于所述车床本体1上，该紧固驱动齿条444与所述紧固件443配合设置。
需要说明的是，当工件10夹紧在夹紧座511内后，紧固驱动齿条444正好通过齿轮齿条啮合的方式将紧固件443与驱动轴442失去接触，在进料驱动组件41继续向前进行移动的过程中，定心件连接轴441在驱动轴442上进行收缩，同时位于进料驱动组件41上的切削组件42向夹紧在夹紧座511内工件10进行接触并进行切削处理。
进一步地，如图7、13和14所示，所述紧固件443包括：
紧固螺母4431，所述紧固螺母4431固定设置于所述定心件连接轴441一端的圆周面上，且该紧固螺母4431与所述定心件连接轴441连通设置；
紧固螺栓4432，所述紧固螺栓4432螺纹连接于所述紧固螺母4431上，且该紧固螺栓4432一端伸入于所述定心件连接轴441内且与所述驱动轴442间断接触设置；
驱动齿轮4433，所述驱动齿轮4433固定连接于所述紧固螺栓4432的另一端上，且该驱动齿轮4433与所述紧固驱动齿条444间断啮合设置。
需要说明的是，驱动齿轮4433固定设置于车床本体1上，在进料驱动组件41驱动自定心组件43向前移动时，紧固驱动齿条444在工件10进入到夹紧座511内，并在夹紧件513进行工件10的夹紧前与驱动齿轮4433进行啮合，并在工件10由夹紧件513进行夹紧的同时，紧固螺栓4432的一端松开对驱动轴442的接触，使得定心件连接轴441沿着驱动轴442进行移动，使得切削组件42与工件10的距离发生变化，切削组件42进行对工件10进行切削处理。
进一步地，如图10、11和12所示，所述夹紧组件51包括：
夹紧座511，所述夹紧座511固定设置于所述旋转主轴2的一端，该夹紧座511为开口朝向自定心组件43的中空设置，且于中空处形成工件夹持区域510，所述夹紧座511与所述自定心组件43同轴设置；
夹紧孔512，所述夹紧孔512数量至少为三组且沿所述夹紧座511圆 周表面均布开设；
夹紧件513，所述夹紧件513与所述夹紧孔512对应设置，该夹紧件513进行工件10于所述夹紧座511内的夹紧。
需要说明的是，工件10在自动进料装置4的进料推动下与滑动控制轴522的一端球形状进行接触，使得控制弹簧520发生收缩，滑动控制轴522沿着夹紧限位轴521进行滑动，并在滑动过程中带动夹紧件513将工件10进行夹紧。
进一步地，如图11至14所示，所述夹紧控制组件52包括：
夹紧限位轴521，所述夹紧限位轴521固定设置于所述旋转主轴2的一端上，该夹紧限位轴521为内部中空设置；
滑动控制轴522，所述滑动控制轴522滑动套设于所述旋转主轴2内，且该滑动控制轴522的一端与所述夹紧限位轴521一端通过控制弹簧520连接设置，该滑动控制轴522的另一端与工件10的端面间断抵触设置，该滑动控制轴522与工件10接触端为球形设置。
进一步地，如图12所示，所述夹紧件513包括：
夹紧块5131，所述夹紧块5131滑动设置于所述夹紧孔512内且间断伸入于所述夹紧座511内，该夹紧块5131一端与工件10间断接触设置，所述夹紧块5131与所述夹紧孔512对应设置；
第一连杆5132，所述第一连杆5132的一端铰接设置于所述夹紧块5131的另一端上，且该第一连杆5132的中部开设有腰槽，且腰槽配合设置于所述夹紧座511的圆周面上；
第二连杆5133，所述第二连杆5133的一端铰接设置于所述第一连杆5132的另一端上，该第二连杆5133的另一端铰接设置于所述滑动控制轴522的圆周面上。
需要说明的是，在控制弹簧520收缩时，滑动控制轴522沿着夹紧限位轴521进行滑动，滑动控制轴522带动第二连杆5133移动并通过第一连杆5132的移动带动夹紧块5131进行向工件10表面的夹紧接触，将工件10夹紧在夹紧座511内。
进一步地，所述控制弹簧520的劲度系数K1与定心弹簧430的劲度系数K2之间的关系满足，K1＞K2。
需要说明的是，选用控制弹簧520的劲度系数K1小于定心弹簧430的劲度系数K2，使得滑动控制轴522一端在与工件10一端进行接触时，定心弹簧430先进行收缩使得定心件433对工件10进行自定心处理，同时自定心完成后控制弹簧520进行收缩，使得夹紧件513将工件10夹紧在夹紧座511内进行转动。
工作过程：
如图1所示，自动进料装置4上的自定心组件43在初始位置位于自动补料装置3输出端一侧的下方，值得一提的是，自动补料装置3包括补料轨道31及设置于补料轨道31输出端上的输出控制件32，需要加工的工件10进入到补料轨道31内，并在输出端由输出控制件32进行输出口间断的开合控制，使得工件10间隔向自动进料装置4处输出，在工件10向下进行输出时，自定心组件43在向前进行移动时将工件10吊持在支撑座432的圆周表面上，支撑座432的内圆周面上端与支撑座432的外圆周面的上端进行相切接触，同时在进料驱动组件41进行自定心组件43继续向前移动的过程中，位于支撑座432上的工件10的一端与夹紧控制组件52上的滑动控制轴522进行接触，使得定心件433进行对工件10的定心处理，同时在继续向前移动过程中实现夹紧组件51对工件10夹紧在夹紧座511内，并使得工件10跟随旋转主轴2进行转动，同时由切削组件42在继续向前移动过程中进行工件10表面的切削处理。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等效替换。另外，在本发明的教导下，可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此，本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制，所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自定位装夹车床，包括车床本体(1)、转动设置于所述车床本体(1)上的旋转主轴(2)以及设置于所述车床本体(1)上一侧的自动补料装置(3)，其特征在于，还包括：
    自动进料装置(4)，所述自动进料装置(4)滑动设置于所述车床本体(1)上且该自动进料装置(4)位于所述旋转主轴(2)轴向方向上的一侧，该自动进料装置(4)包括设置于所述车床本体(1)上的进料驱动组件(41)、设置于所述进料驱动组件(41)一端的切削组件(42)、设置于所述进料驱动组件(41)一端且位于所述切削组件(42)一侧的自定心组件(43)及两端分别与所述进料驱动组件(41)和自定心组件(43)连接设置的切削控制组件(44)，所述切削控制组件(44)进行切削组件(42)与工件(10)之间的距离以进行对工件(10)的切削处理，所述自定心组件(43)的初始端位于所述自动补料装置(3)输出端的正下方并进行工件(10)的接料；以及
    夹持旋转装置(5)，所述夹持旋转装置(5)设置于所述旋转主轴(2)上，该夹持旋转装置(5)包括夹紧组件(51)及进行该夹紧组件(51)夹紧控制的夹紧控制组件(52)，所述夹紧控制组件(52)一端与所述自定心组件(43)上的工件间断接触设置，所述夹紧组件(51)与所述自定心组件(43)同轴设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述自定心组件(43)包括：
    定心连接轴(431)，所述定心连接轴(431)一端连接设置于所述切削控制组件(44)上；
    支撑座(432)，所述支撑座(432)一端与所述工件(10)一端接触设置，该支撑座(432)的另一端弹性连接于所述定心连接轴(431)上，所述支撑座(432)的中心位置与定心连接轴(431)的中心位置上连接设置有定心弹簧(430)；
    定心件(433)，所述定心件(433)一端滑动设置于所述支撑座(432)的端面上，且该定心件(433)的另一端铰接设置于所述定心连接轴(431)上，所述支撑座(432)在将工件(10)顶在夹紧组件(51)上时，定心 件(433)受到弹性力作用后沿支撑座(432)的圆心向外进行扩张，进行工件(10)的自定心。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述支撑座(432)的内部为中空设置，且该支撑座(432)的外径d与工件(10)的内径D之间的关系满足，D＞d。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述定心件(433)包括：
    定心孔(4331)，所述定心孔(4331)数量至少为三组且沿所述支撑座(432)的圆周面均布开设；
    滑动限位板(4332)，所述滑动限位板(4332)对应设置于所述定心孔(4331)的两端上，且该滑动限位板(4332)朝向所述支撑座(432)的圆心方向设置，该滑动限位板(4332)位于所述支撑座(432)的中空区域内且该滑动限位板(4332)之间形成滑动限位区域(4330)；
    顶块(4333)，所述顶块(4333)滑动设置于所述滑动限位区域(4330)内，该顶块(4333)的一端间断伸出于所述定心孔(4331)外且与工件(10)间断接触设置，所述顶块(4333)与所述定心孔(4331)对应设置；
    定心连杆(4334)，所述定心连杆(4334)一端铰接设置于所述顶块(4333)的另一端上，该定心连杆(4334)的另一端铰接设置于所述定心连接轴(431)的一端上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述切削控制组件(44)包括：
    定心件连接轴(441)，所述定心件连接轴(441)一端与所述自定心组件(43)连接设置，该定心件连接轴(441)为内部中空设置；
    驱动轴(442)，所述驱动轴(442)滑动套接设置于所述定心件连接轴(441)内，且该驱动轴(442)的一端固定连接于所述进料驱动组件(41)的一端上，该驱动轴(442)的另一端通过弹簧连接与所述定心件连接轴(441)连接设置；
    紧固件(443)，所述紧固件(443)设置于所述定心件连接轴(441)一端的圆周面上，且该紧固件(443)与所述定心件连接轴(441)内部连通设置，该紧固件(443)的一端与所述驱动轴(442)间断接触设置；
    紧固驱动齿条(444)，所述紧固驱动齿条(444)固定设置于所述车床本体(1)上，该紧固驱动齿条(444)与所述紧固件(443)配合设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述紧固件(443)包括：
    紧固螺母(4431)，所述紧固螺母(4431)固定设置于所述定心件连接轴(441)一端的圆周面上，且该紧固螺母(4431)与所述定心件连接轴(441)连通设置；
    紧固螺栓(4432)，所述紧固螺栓(4432)螺纹连接于所述紧固螺母(4431)上，且该紧固螺栓(4432)一端伸入于所述定心件连接轴(441)内且与所述驱动轴(442)间断接触设置；
    驱动齿轮(4433)，所述驱动齿轮(4433)固定连接于所述紧固螺栓(4432)的另一端上，且该驱动齿轮(4433)与所述紧固驱动齿条(444)间断啮合设置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述夹紧组件(51)包括：
    夹紧座(511)，所述夹紧座(511)固定设置于所述旋转主轴(2)的一端，该夹紧座(511)为开口朝向自定心组件(43)的中空设置，且于中空处形成工件夹持区域(510)，所述夹紧座(511)与所述自定心组件(43)同轴设置；
    夹紧孔(512)，所述夹紧孔(512)数量至少为三组且沿所述夹紧座(511)圆周表面均布开设；
    夹紧件(513)，所述夹紧件(513)与所述夹紧孔(512)对应设置，该夹紧件(513)进行工件(10)于所述夹紧座(511)内的夹紧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述夹紧控制组件(52)包括：
    夹紧限位轴(521)，所述夹紧限位轴(521)固定设置于所述旋转主轴(2)的一端上，该夹紧限位轴(521)为内部中空设置；
    滑动控制轴(522)，所述滑动控制轴(522)滑动套设于所述旋转主轴(2)内，且该滑动控制轴(522)的一端与所述夹紧限位轴(521)一端通过控制弹簧(520)连接设置，该滑动控制轴(522)的另一端与工件 (10)的端面间断抵触设置，该滑动控制轴(522)与工件(10)接触端为球形设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述夹紧件(513)包括：
    夹紧块(5131)，所述夹紧块(5131)滑动设置于所述夹紧孔(512)内且间断伸入于所述夹紧座(511)内，该夹紧块(5131)一端与工件(10)间断接触设置，所述夹紧块(5131)与所述夹紧孔(512)对应设置；
    第一连杆(5132)，所述第一连杆(5132)的一端铰接设置于所述夹紧块(5131)的另一端上，且该第一连杆(5132)的中部开设有腰槽，且腰槽配合设置于所述夹紧座(511)的圆周面上；
    第二连杆(5133)，所述第二连杆(5133)的一端铰接设置于所述第一连杆(5132)的另一端上，该第二连杆(5133)的另一端铰接设置于所述滑动控制轴(522)的圆周面上。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种自定位装夹车床，其特征在于，所述控制弹簧(520)的劲度系数K1与定心弹簧(430)的劲度系数K2之间的关系满足，K1＞K2。
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