WO2020147299A1 - 一种Te掺杂MXene材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种Te掺杂MXene材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020147299A1
WO2020147299A1 PCT/CN2019/098473 CN2019098473W WO2020147299A1 WO 2020147299 A1 WO2020147299 A1 WO 2020147299A1 CN 2019098473 W CN2019098473 W CN 2019098473W WO 2020147299 A1 WO2020147299 A1 WO 2020147299A1
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mxene material
doped
doped mxene
mxene
preparing
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张业龙
孙宏阳
徐晓丹
张锦坤
张弛
汪达
宋伟东
郭月
刘争
陈梅
温锦秀
曾庆光
彭章泉
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Wuyi University Fujian
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and specifically relates to a Te-doped MXene material and a preparation method thereof.
  • MXene material is a new series of two-dimensional metal carbides and carbonitrides, where M is a transition metal, A is group IIIA or group IVA and X is C or N. Under the action of hydrofluoric acid, the A atom is corroded and removed, thereby forming a nano-sheet material with functional groups containing hydroxyl, oxygen and fluorine and having an ultra-high specific surface area.
  • the ultra-high specific surface area gives the material more active sites and contact area with the electrolyte, reducing the reaction kinetics, and a variety of chemical components and abundant functional groups give MXene an excellent hydrophilic surface and good electrical conductivity. It shows great application potential in the field of energy storage.
  • MXene Because of its unique structure and physical and chemical properties, MXene has shown good electrochemical performance in energy storage devices. Shenoy et al. calculated that the capacities of Li, Na, K and Ca on Ti 3 C 2 were 447.8, 351.8, 191.8 and 319.8mA/g, Simon et al. used MXene as a sodium ion capacitor, and achieved a capacitance of 100F/g at 0.2mV/s. Nevertheless, when pure MXene is used as an electrode material, some electrochemical properties are still not satisfactory. For example: poor conductivity, low mass capacity, etc., which need to be improved.
  • Chemical doping is a commonly used modification method, which introduces new chemical elements to deform the crystal lattice, thereby increasing the defect concentration and electron concentration.
  • MXene sulfur doping
  • it uses hydrogen sulfide as the sulfur source, which is highly toxic, polluting and difficult to follow-up; on the other hand, the radius of S atoms is smaller than that of tellurium atoms, which causes lattice distortion. The amount is small, and the performance improvement is limited.
  • tellurium is incorporated into MXene, the lattice distortion is larger, the defect concentration is greater, the interlayer spacing is wider, the active sites are more abundant, and the application prospect is broader.
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a Te-doped MXene material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above Te-doped MXene material.
  • the present invention provides an application of Te-doped MXene material, which is used as a negative electrode of a potassium ion battery.
  • a preparation method of Te-doped MXene material which belongs to a solvothermal method, and includes the following steps:
  • step (3) Wash the product obtained in step (2) with a cleaning agent, and then centrifuge;
  • step (3) Vacuum drying the centrifugal product obtained in step (3) (for example, in a vacuum drying oven) to obtain the Te-doped MXene material.
  • the Te source is at least one of biphenylditellurium, sodium tellurite, and tellurium powder (with a particle size of 80-120 mesh, such as 100 mesh).
  • the MXene is one or more of Ti 3 C 2 T x , Ti 2 CT x , V 3 C 2 T x , V 3 N 2 T x , V 2 CT x , and Ti 3 N 2 T x , optional V 3 C 2 T x , optional V 3 N 2 T x , preferably Ti 3 C 2 T x and V 3 C 2 T x with a mass ratio of 4-9:1, optional Ti 3 C 2 T x , V 3 N 2 T x and V 3 C 2 T x (for example, the mass ratio is 4-9:1:1), and T x is a surface functional group -O, -F or -OH.
  • the dispersant is at least one of N,N-dimethylformamide and ethanol.
  • the cleaning agent is at least one of water (preferably ultrapure water) and ethanol.
  • the product obtained in step (2) is thoroughly washed with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol, and the product obtained in step (2) can be washed alternately with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol 2-15 times, preferably 3-8 times.
  • the Te doping amount in the Te doped MXene material is 1-20wt%, for example, 3-18wt%, 5-15wt%, 6-12wt%, 7-8wt%.
  • the dispersion liquid in step (2) is heated to 110-200°C, preferably 130-180°C, optionally 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, and reacted for 10-15 hours, optionally 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15h.
  • the rotating speed used for centrifugation in step (3) is 4000-6000 r/min, preferably 5000 r/min, and centrifugation is 5-10 min.
  • the vacuum drying temperature in step (4) is 50-70°C, preferably 60°C, and the drying time is 8-12 hours, optionally 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 hours.
  • the degree of vacuum does not exceed 135Pa, such as 133, 130, 120, 110, 100, 90Pa.
  • a Te doped MXene material prepared by a preparation method of Te doped MXene material prepared by a preparation method of Te doped MXene material.
  • Te-doped MXene material An application of Te-doped MXene material.
  • the Te-doped MXene material is used for the negative electrode of a potassium ion battery.
  • the composite material prepared by the present invention can increase the MXene layer spacing through Te doping, generate more electrochemical active sites, facilitate ion diffusion, and improve electrode conductivity and storage. Potassium capacity, cycle stability;
  • the material preparation method of the present invention is simple, low in cost, and suitable for large-scale applications.
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the undoped MXene material in Comparative Example 1;
  • Example 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the Te-doped MXene material in Example 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a graph of C-V curve measured for undoped MXene material in Comparative Example 1;
  • Example 4 is a graph showing the measured C-V curve of the Te-doped MXene material in Example 1.
  • a preparation method of Te-doped MXene material includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Transfer the dispersion obtained in step (1) to a reactor with a capacity of 100ml and seal it, place it in an oven, keep it at 100°C for 10 hours, and cool to room temperature;
  • step (3) Wash the product obtained in step (2) with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol for 3 times, and centrifuge at 5000r/min for 5 minutes with a centrifuge;
  • step (3) Dry the centrifugal product obtained in step (3) in a vacuum drying cabinet at a drying temperature of 60° C. and a drying time of 8 hours.
  • the Te-doped MXene material with the polyvinylidene fluoride binder and carbon black in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, add an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, stir evenly to form a slurry and coat it on the current collector After vacuum drying and slicing, the negative electrode sheet of potassium ion battery is prepared.
  • the reversible capacity of the doped MXene material (as the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery) in this example is 100mA/g, and the reversible capacity after 100 cycles is 302mAh/g, which is the negative electrode of the undoped MXene potassium ion battery (97.2mAh). /g), and the doped MXene material of this embodiment has very stable charge-discharge cycle performance.
  • a preparation method of Te-doped MXene material includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Transfer the dispersion obtained in step (1) to a reactor with a capacity of 50 ml and seal it and place it in an oven, keep it at 150°C for 15 hours, and cool to room temperature;
  • step (3) Wash the product obtained in step (2) with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol for 3 times, and centrifuge at 5000r/min for 5 minutes with a centrifuge;
  • step (3) Dry the centrifuged product obtained in step (3) in a vacuum drying cabinet at a drying temperature of 60° C. and a drying time of 10 hours.
  • the Te-doped MXene material with the polyvinylidene fluoride binder and carbon black in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, add an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, stir evenly to form a slurry and coat it on the current collector After vacuum drying and slicing, the negative electrode sheet of potassium ion battery is prepared.
  • the reversible capacity of the doped MXene material (as the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery) in this example is 100mA/g, and the reversible capacity after 100 cycles is 321mAh/g, which is the negative electrode of the undoped MXene potassium ion battery (97.2mAh/g). ), and the doped MXene material of this embodiment has very stable charge-discharge cycle performance.
  • a preparation method of Te-doped MXene material includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Transfer the dispersion obtained in step (1) to a reactor with a capacity of 50 ml and seal it, then place it in an oven, keep it at 220°C for 24 hours, and cool to room temperature;
  • step (3) Wash the product obtained in step (2) with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol for 3 times, and centrifuge at 5000r/min for 5 minutes with a centrifuge;
  • step (3) Dry the centrifugal product obtained in step (3) in a vacuum drying cabinet at a drying temperature of 60° C. and a drying time of 12 hours.
  • the Te-doped MXene material with the polyvinylidene fluoride binder and carbon black in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, add an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, stir evenly to form a slurry and coat it on the current collector After vacuum drying and slicing, the negative electrode sheet of potassium ion battery is prepared.
  • the reversible capacity of the doped MXene material (as the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery) in this example is 100mA/g, and the reversible capacity after 100 cycles is 289mAh/g, which is the negative electrode of the undoped MXene potassium ion battery (97.2mAh/g). ), and the doped MXene material of this embodiment has very stable charge-discharge cycle performance.
  • a preparation method of Te-doped MXene material includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Transfer the dispersion obtained in step (1) to a reactor with a capacity of 50 ml and seal it, place it in an oven, keep it at 110°C for 10 hours, and cool to room temperature;
  • step (3) Wash the product obtained in step (2) with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol for 3 times, and then centrifuge at 5000 r/min for 5 minutes with a centrifuge;
  • step (3) Dry the centrifugal product obtained in step (3) in a vacuum drying cabinet at a drying temperature of 60° C. and a drying time of 8 hours.
  • the Te-doped MXene material with the polyvinylidene fluoride binder and carbon black in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, add an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, stir evenly to form a slurry and coat it on the current collector After vacuum drying and slicing, the negative electrode sheet of potassium ion battery is prepared.
  • the reversible capacity of the doped MXene material (as the negative electrode of a potassium ion battery) in this embodiment is 331 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g, which is the negative electrode of an undoped MXene potassium ion battery (97.2 mAh/g). ), and the doped MXene material of this embodiment has very stable charge-discharge cycle performance.
  • a preparation method of Te-doped MXene material includes the following steps:
  • step (2) Transfer the dispersion obtained in step (1) to a reactor with a capacity of 50 ml and seal it, then place it in an oven, keep it at 120°C for 11 hours, and cool to room temperature;
  • step (3) Wash the product obtained in step (2) with ultrapure water and absolute ethanol for 3 times, and centrifuge at 5000r/min for 5 minutes with a centrifuge;
  • step (3) Dry the centrifugal product obtained in step (3) in a vacuum drying cabinet at a drying temperature of 60° C. and a drying time of 9 hours.
  • the Te-doped MXene material with the polyvinylidene fluoride binder and carbon black in a mass ratio of 8:1:1, add an appropriate amount of N-methylpyrrolidone, stir evenly to form a slurry and coat it on the current collector After vacuum drying and slicing, the negative electrode sheet of potassium ion battery is prepared.
  • the reversible capacity of the doped MXene material (as the negative electrode of the potassium ion battery) in this example is 347mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 100mA/g, which is an undoped MXene potassium ion battery negative electrode (97.2mAh/g). ), and the doped MXene material of this embodiment has very stable charge-discharge cycle performance.
  • Comparative example 1 MXene is not doped.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种Te掺杂MXene材料及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将MXene和Te源按照质量比为1∶0.01～1加入分散剂中，配制成浓度为1-100mg/ml的分散液，然后搅拌1-5小时；(2)将所述分散液升温至100-220℃，反应10-24h，然后冷却至室温；(3)将步骤(2)所得的产物用清洗剂进行清洗，然后离心；(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物真空干燥，得到所述Te掺杂MXene材料。与未掺杂MXene材料相比，本发明制备的复合材料通过Te掺杂可增大MXene层间距，产生更多的电化学活性位点，有利于离子扩散，提升电极电导率、储钾能力、循环稳定性。

Description

一种Te掺杂MXene材料及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于新能源技术领域，具体涉及一种Te掺杂MXene材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
MXene材料是一个新的二维金属碳化物和碳氮化物系列，其中M是过渡金属，A是IIIA族或IVA族并且X是C或N。在氢氟酸作用下，A原子被腐蚀除去，从而形成含有羟基，氧和氟的官能团且具有超高比表面积的纳米片状材料。超高的比表面积赋予了该材料更多活性位点以及与电解质的接触面积、降低了反应动力学，而多种化学成分和丰富的官能团赋予MXene优异的亲水表面和良好的导电性能，因而在能量存储领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。
MXene因其独特结构和物理化学性质，在储能器件中已表现出不错的电化学性能，Shenoy等通过计算得到Li、Na、K和Ca在Ti 3C 2上的容量分别为447.8、351.8、191.8和319.8mA/g，Simon等人将MXene用作钠离子电容器，在0.2mV/s下获得了100F/g的电容。尽管如此，但纯MXene用作电极材料时，一些电化学性能仍不能使人满意。比如：导电性较差，质量容量低等，需要对其进行性能改善。化学掺杂是一种常用的改性手段、通过引入新的化学元素、使晶格发生畸变，从而提高缺陷浓度和电子浓度。虽然已经有人提出了硫掺杂MXene的技术，但一方面，其采用硫化氢作为硫源，毒性大、污染严重、后续处理困难；另一方面，S原子半径小于碲原子，造成的晶格畸变量少，对性能改善有限。而碲掺入MXene后，晶格畸变更大，缺陷浓度更多、层间距更宽、活性位点更丰富，应用前景更广。
而现有电池行业中，制备电池的方法或工艺步骤较多，这样容易增加成本，而如果简单的省略一些工艺步骤又会导致性能下降。因而，通过简单的方法制备低成本、更安全环保的Te掺杂MXene材料及其电池具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的之一在于提供一种Te掺杂MXene材料。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法。进一步的，本发明提供一种Te掺杂MXene材料的应用，将所述Te掺杂MXene材料用作钾离子电池负极。
本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，所述制备方法属于溶剂热法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将MXene和Te源按照质量比为1∶(0.01～1)，可选1∶(0.1～0.9)，可选1∶(0.2～0.8)，可选1∶(0.4～0.6)加入分散剂中，配制成浓度为1-100mg/ml，可选10-90mg/ml，可选20-80mg/ml，可选40-60mg/ml的分散液，然后搅拌1-5小时，可选1、2、3、4、5h；
(2)将所述分散液升温至100-220℃(例如在反应釜中密封后放置烘箱反应)，反应10-24h，然后冷却至室温；
(3)将步骤(2)所得的产物用清洗剂进行清洗，然后离心；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物真空干燥(例如在真空干燥箱中)，得到所述Te掺杂MXene材料。
进一步地，所述Te源为联苯二碲、亚碲酸钠、碲粉(粒径为80-120目，例如100目)中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述MXene为Ti 3C 2T x、Ti 2CT x、V 3C 2T x、V 3N 2T x、V 2CT x中的一种或多种，可选Ti 3N 2T x，可选V 3C 2T x，可选V 3N 2T x，优选质量比为4～9∶1的Ti 3C 2T x和V 3C 2T x，可选Ti 3C 2T x、V 3N 2T x和V 3C 2T x(例如质量比为4～9∶1∶1)，T x为表面官能团-O、-F或-OH。
进一步地，所述分散剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述清洗剂为水(优选超纯水)、乙醇中的至少一种。优选用超纯水和无水乙醇彻底清洗步骤(2)所得的产物，可以用超纯水和无水乙醇交替清洗2-15次，优选3-8次。
进一步地，所述Te掺杂MXene材料中Te掺杂量为1-20wt％，例如3-18wt％，5-15wt％，6-12wt％，7-8wt％。
进一步地，步骤(2)中所述分散液在反应釜中升温至110-200℃，优选130-180℃，可选140℃、150℃、160℃、170℃，反应10-15h，可选10、11、12、13、14、15h。
进一步地，步骤(3)中所述离心使用的转速为4000-6000r/min，优选5000r/min，离心5-10min。
进一步地，步骤(4)中真空干燥的温度为50-70℃，优选60℃，干燥时间8-12小时，可选8、9、10、11、12h。真空度不超过135Pa，例如不超过133、130、120、110、100、90Pa。
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法制备得到的Te掺杂MXene材料。
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的应用，将所述Te掺杂MXene材料用于钾离子电池负极。
本发明的有益效果：
(1)与未掺杂MXene材料相比，本发明制备的复合材料通过Te掺杂可增大MXene层间距，产生更多的电化学活性位点，有利于离子扩散，提升电极电导率、储钾能力、循环稳定性；
(2)本发明的材料制备方法简单，成本低，适合大规模应用。
附图说明
图1是对比例1中未掺杂MXene材料的扫描电镜图；
图2是实施例1中Te掺杂MXene材料的扫描电镜图；
图3是对比例1中未掺杂MXene材料所测的C-V曲线图；
图4是实施例1中Te掺杂MXene材料所测的C-V曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明，现结合以下具体实施例做进一步说明，但是本发明不限于具体实施例。
实施例1
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取50mg MXene(Ti 3C 2T x)和0.5mg的联苯二碲加入到DMF中，配置成1mg/ml的DMF分散液，磁力搅拌1小时；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的分散液移至容量为100ml反应釜中密封后放置在烘箱中，于100℃下保温10小时，冷却至室温；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物，用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤3次后，用离心机在5000r/min条件下离心5分钟；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物在真空干燥箱中进行干燥，干燥温度60℃，干燥时间8小时。
将Te掺杂MXene材料与聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂、碳黑，按质量比为8∶1∶1的比例混合，加入适量N-甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌均匀后形成浆料涂覆在集流体上，经真空干燥、切片后，制得钾离子电池负极片。
本实施例掺杂的MXene材料(做钾离子电池负极)在100mA/g的电流密度下，循环100圈后的可逆容量为302mAh/g，是图3未掺杂MXene钾离子电池负极(97.2mAh/g)的3.1倍，且本实施例掺杂的MXene材料具有非常稳定的充放电循环性能。
实施例2
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取1000mg MXene(Ti 2CT x)和500mg的联苯二碲加入到DMF中，配置成50mg/ml的DMF分散液，磁力搅拌3小时；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的分散液移至容量为50ml反应釜中密封后放置在烘箱中，于150℃下保温15小时，冷却至室温；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物，用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤3次后，用离心机在5000r/min条件下离心5分钟；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物在真空干燥箱中进行干燥，干燥温度60℃，干燥时间10小时。
将Te掺杂MXene材料与聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂、碳黑，按质量比为8∶1∶1的比例混合，加入适量N-甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌均匀后形成浆料涂覆在集流体上，经真空干燥、切片后，制得钾离子电池负极片。
本实施例掺杂的MXene材料(做钾离子电池负极)在100mA/g的电流密度下，循环100圈后的可逆容量为321mAh/g，是未掺杂MXene钾离子电池负极(97.2mAh/g)的3.3倍，且本实施例掺杂的MXene材料具有非常稳定的充放电循环性能。
实施例3
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取2000mg MXene(Ti 2CT x)和2000mg的联苯二碲加入到DMF中，配置成100mg/ml的DMF分散液，磁力搅拌5小时；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的分散液移至容量为50ml反应釜中密封后放置在烘箱中，于220℃下保温24小时，冷却至室温；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物，用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤3次后，用离心机在5000r/min条件下离心5分钟；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物在真空干燥箱中进行干燥，干燥温度60℃，干燥时间12小时。
将Te掺杂MXene材料与聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂、碳黑，按质量比为8∶1∶1的比例混合，加入适量N-甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌均匀后形成浆料涂覆在集流体上，经真空干燥、切片后，制得钾离子电池负极片。
本实施例掺杂的MXene材料(做钾离子电池负极)在100mA/g的电流密度下，循环100圈后的可逆容量为289mAh/g，是未掺杂MXene钾离子电池负极(97.2mAh/g)的3.0倍，且本实施例掺杂的MXene材料具有非常稳定的充放电循环性能。
实施例4
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取1000mg MXene(800mg Ti 2CT x和200mg V 2CT x)和500mg的联苯二碲加入到DMF中，配置成50mg/ml的DMF分散液，磁力搅拌3小时；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的分散液移至容量为50ml反应釜中密封后放置在烘箱中，于110℃下保温10小时，冷却至室温；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物，用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤3次后，用离心机在5000 r/min条件下离心5分钟；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物在真空干燥箱中进行干燥，干燥温度60℃，干燥时间8小时。
将Te掺杂MXene材料与聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂、碳黑，按质量比为8∶1∶1的比例混合，加入适量N-甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌均匀后形成浆料涂覆在集流体上，经真空干燥、切片后，制得钾离子电池负极片。
本实施例掺杂的MXene材料(做钾离子电池负极)在100mA/g的电流密度下，循环100圈后的可逆容量为331mAh/g，是未掺杂MXene钾离子电池负极(97.2mAh/g)的3.4倍，且本实施例掺杂的MXene材料具有非常稳定的充放电循环性能。
实施例5
一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取1000mg MXene(V 3N 2T x)和400mg的亚碲酸钠加入到DMF中，配置成50mg/ml的DMF分散液，磁力搅拌3小时；
(2)将步骤(1)得到的分散液移至容量为50ml反应釜中密封后放置在烘箱中，于120℃下保温11小时，冷却至室温；
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物，用超纯水和无水乙醇分别洗涤3次后，用离心机在5000r/min条件下离心5分钟；
(4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物在真空干燥箱中进行干燥，干燥温度60℃，干燥时间9小时。
将Te掺杂MXene材料与聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂、碳黑，按质量比为8∶1∶1的比例混合，加入适量N-甲基吡咯烷酮，搅拌均匀后形成浆料涂覆在集流体上，经真空干燥、切片后，制得钾离子电池负极片。
本实施例掺杂的MXene材料(做钾离子电池负极)在100mA/g的电流密度下，循环100圈后的可逆容量为347mAh/g，是未掺杂MXene钾离子电池负极(97.2mAh/g)的3.6倍，且本实施例掺杂的MXene材料具有非常稳定的充放电循环性能。
对比例1：未掺杂MXene。
表1：性能测试
Figure PCTCN2019098473-appb-000001
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明作的等效变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围之中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)将MXene和Te源按照质量比为1∶0.01～1加入分散剂中，配制成浓度为1-100mg/ml的分散液，然后搅拌1-5小时；
    (2)将所述分散液移入反应釜加热至100-220℃，反应10-24h，然后冷却至室温；
    (3)将步骤(2)所得的产物用清洗剂进行清洗，然后离心；
    (4)将步骤(3)得到的离心产物真空干燥，得到所述Te掺杂MXene材料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述Te源为联苯二碲、亚碲酸钠、碲粉中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述MXene为Ti 3C 2T x、Ti 2CT x、V 3C 2T x、V 3N 2T x、V 2CT x中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述分散剂为N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇中的至少一种；所述清洗剂为水、乙醇中的至少一种。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述Te掺杂MXene材料中Te掺杂量为1-20wt％。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述分散液在反应釜中升温至110-200℃，反应10-15h。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述离心使用的转速为4000-6000r/min，离心5-10min。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中真空干燥的温度为50-70℃，干燥时间8-12小时，真空度不超过135Pa。
  9. 一种Te掺杂MXene材料，其特征在于，所述Te掺杂MXene材料由权利要求1-8中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
  10. 一种根据权利要求9所述的Te掺杂MXene材料的应用，其特征在于，将所述Te掺杂MXene材料用于钾离子电池负极。
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