WO2020073926A1 - 量子点的制备方法 - Google Patents

量子点的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073926A1
WO2020073926A1 PCT/CN2019/110190 CN2019110190W WO2020073926A1 WO 2020073926 A1 WO2020073926 A1 WO 2020073926A1 CN 2019110190 W CN2019110190 W CN 2019110190W WO 2020073926 A1 WO2020073926 A1 WO 2020073926A1
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organic
quantum dot
shell
solution
core
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PCT/CN2019/110190
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English (en)
French (fr)
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程陆玲
杨一行
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Tcl集团股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201811173288.7A external-priority patent/CN111019656A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811173294.2A external-priority patent/CN111019633A/zh
Application filed by Tcl集团股份有限公司 filed Critical Tcl集团股份有限公司
Priority to US17/043,636 priority Critical patent/US11859117B2/en
Priority to KR1020207030836A priority patent/KR102602906B1/ko
Priority to JP2020554902A priority patent/JP7104170B2/ja
Priority to EP19870294.6A priority patent/EP3865556B1/en
Publication of WO2020073926A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073926A1/zh

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    • C09K11/08Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/88Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing selenium, tellurium or unspecified chalcogen elements
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    • C09K11/883Chalcogenides with zinc or cadmium
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09K11/00Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C09K11/025Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor non-luminescent particle coatings or suspension media
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C01P2004/80Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of nanocrystalline material preparation, in particular to a method for preparing quantum dots.
  • Nanoscience and nanotechnology is an emerging science and technology and has potential application value and economic benefits, so it has attracted the attention of scientists worldwide.
  • NCs nanocrystals
  • Semiconductor nanocrystals also known as quantum dots (QDs)
  • QDs quantum dots
  • QDs quantum dots
  • the bandgap and conduction bands of semiconductor nanocrystals also change (quantum size effect), such as The absorption and emission of CdSe nanocrystals cover almost the entire visible spectrum range. Therefore, semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit a size-related photoluminescence property.
  • Semiconductor nanocrystals have been used in many technical fields such as biomarkers, diagnostics, chemical sensors, light-emitting diodes, electroluminescent devices, photovoltaic devices, lasers, and electronic transistors. However, for applications in different technical fields, it is necessary to prepare different types of semiconductor quantum dots. The preparation of high-quality semiconductor quantum dots is a prerequisite for the effective application of semiconductor quantum dot size effects.
  • the two-step method means that the preparation of core-shell quantum dots includes two steps: a long core is carried out in a reaction vessel, and the quantum dot core is taken out and placed in another reaction solvent for long shells.
  • the three-step method refers to the preparation of core-shell quantum dots including two steps: a reaction vessel for long cores, the quantum dot cores are taken out and placed in another reaction solvent for intermediate shell growth, and the containing The inter-shell core-shell quantum dots are placed in the third reaction vessel for outermost shell growth.
  • the shell growth method used to prepare the core-shell structure quantum dots is generally simply using a shell source precursor for continuous injection growth.
  • This method cannot control the growth quality of the shell layer well, resulting in a core-shell structure quantum dot with less surface ligands, resulting in poor solubility. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the growth method of core-shell quantum dot shell and the control of shell growth.
  • One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method for preparing quantum dots, aiming to solve the core-shell structure quantum dots prepared by the continuous injection growth method of the shell source precursor in the prior art, and the surface is equipped with
  • the problem is that the volume is small and the solubility is not good, or the purpose is to solve the core-shell structure quantum dots prepared by the continuous injection growth method of the shell source precursor in the current technology, the lattice stress is large, and the surface has many lattice defects, which affects The fluorescence intensity.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot including the following steps:
  • the solution system is mixed with a mixed solution of an organic amine and an organic phosphine and heated; [0013] or includes the following steps:
  • the solution system is mixed with a mixed solution of organic carboxylic acid and organic phosphine and heated
  • the beneficial effects of the method for preparing quantum dots are as follows: the initial quantum dot core is mixed with an organic carboxylic acid, and the organic carboxylic acid tends to bind to the surface of the initial quantum dot core cation to make organic Carboxylic acid is bound to the surface of the initial quantum dot core, used to fill the cation vacancy of the quantum dot core, reduce the defect state between the core and shell interface, and provide a good epitaxial interface for the growth of the shell layer.
  • the organic carboxylic acid can also have the effect of passivating the surface of the quantum dot core, so that the quantum dot core will not self-mature in the stage of heating up to the temperature of the long shell, thereby obtaining quantum dots with uniform particle size.
  • the organic ligands after pyrolysis of the shell-source anion precursor and shell-source cation precursor are combined with the organic carboxylic acid in the shell growth reaction system to the shell surface, resulting in the prepared core-shell structure Quantum dots have good monodispersity.
  • the system after the shell growth reaction is completed is further mixed with at least one of an organic phosphine and / or an organic amine for subsequent processing, wherein, when the shell growth reaction is completed, the system and the organic phosphine When mixing for subsequent treatment, the organic phosphine combines with the non-metallic elements on the surface of the nanocrystalline shell layer to passivate the anion vacancies, reduce the defect states on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals, and further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots;
  • the system is mixed with an organic amine for subsequent processing, and the organic amine can complex with the residual cationic precursor in the core-shell structure quantum dot mixture, which reduces the freezing point of the cationic precursor, which is beneficial to subsequent
  • the cleaning and purity of quantum dots make the prepared quantum dots can effectively avoid the impact of residual cationic precursor impurities in the core-shell structure quantum dot solution on the stability of the device when used to form a device film
  • the organic amine is bonded to the surface of the initial quantum dot core, used to fill the cation vacancy of the initial quantum dot core, and reduce the defect state between the core-shell interface , To provide a good epitaxial interface for the growth of the shell. Further, since the binding force between the organic amine and the metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot core is relatively weak, the organic amine requires less energy to desorb from the metal atoms on the surface of the previous shell.
  • the anions in the shell-source precursor are easier to combine with the metal ions in the core surface for epitaxial growth, which can avoid the atoms at the interface between the quantum dot core and the shell
  • the lattice stress is relatively large, which reduces lattice defects on the surface of the epitaxial crystallized shell.
  • the growth of the shell layer according to the crystal orientation of the quantum dot core during the epitaxial crystallization is driven, so that the shell layer obtained by the shell growth is consistent with the crystal form of the quantum dot core, further reducing the quantum dot Lattice defects between atoms on the core surface and the shell.
  • the system after the completion of the shell layer growth reaction is further mixed with at least one of organic phosphine and / or organic carboxylic acid for subsequent processing, wherein, when the system after the shell layer growth reaction is completed is combined with the organic
  • the organic phosphine is mixed for subsequent treatment, the organic phosphine is combined with the non-metallic elements on the surface of the nanocrystalline shell layer to passivate the anion vacancy, reduce the defect state on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals, and further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots;
  • the organic carboxylic acid can effectively eliminate the protonated organic amine connected to the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystalline shell (the organic amine is used to modify the quantum dot core During the process, part of the organic amines fall off and bind to the surface of the growing metal atoms in the subsequent long shell process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the indicated technical features quantity.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot, including the following steps:
  • S01 provides an initial quantum dot core, the initial quantum dot core is mixed with an organic carboxylic acid, the organic carboxylic acid is bonded to the surface of the initial quantum dot core;
  • S02 preparing a shell layer on the surface of the initial quantum dot core, wherein the step of preparing a shell layer on the surface of the initial quantum dot core is carried out in a shell growth reaction system containing organic carboxylic acid;
  • the solution system is mixed with a mixed solution of an organic amine and an organic phosphine and heated.
  • the method for preparing quantum dots mixes the initial quantum dot core with an organic carboxylic acid, and the organic carboxylic acid tends to bind to the surface of the initial quantum dot core cation to bind the organic carboxylic acid to
  • the surface of the initial quantum dot core is used to fill the cation vacancy of the quantum dot core, reduce the defect state between the core-shell interface, and provide a good epitaxial interface for the growth of the shell layer.
  • the organic carboxylic acid can also achieve the effect of passivating the surface of the quantum dot core, so that the quantum dot core will not self-mature at the stage of heating up to the temperature of the long shell, thereby obtaining quantum dots with uniform particle size.
  • the organic ligands after pyrolysis of the shell-source anion precursor and shell-source cation precursor are combined with the organic carboxylic acid in the shell growth reaction system to the shell surface, resulting in the prepared core-shell structure Quantum dots have good monodispersity.
  • the system after the completion of the shell layer growth reaction is continuously mixed with at least one of organic phosphine and / or organic amine for subsequent processing, wherein, when the system after the shell layer growth reaction is completed With When organic phosphine is mixed for subsequent treatment, the organic phosphine is combined with the non-metallic elements on the surface of the nanocrystalline shell layer to passivate anion vacancies, reduce the defect state on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals, and further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots;
  • the organic amine can complex with the residual cationic precursor in the mixed liquid of the core-shell structure quantum dots, which lowers the freezing point of the cationic precursor, which is beneficial to Subsequent cleaning and purity of the quantum dots make the prepared quantum dots effectively avoid the influence of the residual cationic precursor impurities in the core-shell structure quantum dot solution on the stability
  • the initial quantum dot nuclei may be selected from group II / VI quantum dot nuclei, group III / V quantum dot nuclei, m / vi group quantum dot nuclei and At least one of the imn / vi family quantum dot cores, but not limited to this.
  • the group II / VI quantum dot core may be selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CdZnSe, CdSSe, ZnSSe, ZnCdS, ZnCdS e, ZnSeS, ZnCdTe, ZnCdSSe, ZnCdSeS and ZnCdTeS, but not limited to this; the III / V group quantum dot core may be selected from InAs, InP, GaAs, GaP, GaSb,
  • the IIFVI group quantum dot core is selected from InS, In 2 S 3 ′ InSe, In 2 Se 3 , In 4 Se 3 , In 2 Se 3 , InTe, In 2 Se 3 , GaS, Ga 2 Se 3 , GaSe, Ga 2 Se 3 , GaTe, Ga 2 Te 3 , but not limited to this; the II / III / VI group quantum dot nuclear sorting From CuInS, CuInZnS and CuInSeS, but not limited to this.
  • the initial quantum dot core may be selected from group II / VI quantum dot cores.
  • the initial quantum dot core is an initial quantum dot core containing surface ligands.
  • the surface ligand is selected from at least one of an organic carboxylic acid ligand, an organic phosphonic acid ligand, an organic phosphine ligand, and a phosphine oxide ligand.
  • the organic carboxylic acid ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to at least one of oleic acid, myristic acid, and dodecanoic acid;
  • the organic phosphonic acid ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to ten At least one of octaalkylphosphonic acid, tetradecylphosphonic acid, and dodecyl;
  • the organic phosphine ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to at least one of trioctylphosphine and tributylphosphine;
  • the phosphine oxide ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to at least one of trioctylphosphine oxide and tributylphosphine oxide.
  • the initial quantum dot core is mixed with an organic carboxylic acid
  • the organic carboxylic acid tends to bind to the initial quantum dot core cation surface, so that the organic carboxylic acid is bound to the initial quantum dot core surface, It is used to fill the cation vacancy of the quantum dot core, reduce the defect state between the core and shell interface, and provide a good epitaxial interface for the growth of the shell layer.
  • the organic carboxylic acid can also have the effect of passivating the surface of the quantum dot core, so that the quantum dot core will not self-mature at the stage of heating up to the temperature of the long shell, thereby obtaining quantum dots with uniform particle size.
  • the organic ligands after pyrolysis of the shell-source anion precursor and shell-source cation precursor are combined with the organic carboxylic acid in the shell growth reaction system to the shell surface, resulting in the prepared core-shell structure Quantum dots have good monodispersity.
  • the organic carboxylic acid is selected from organic carboxylic acids having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and at this time, has a relatively small steric hindrance, which facilitates the binding of the organic carboxylic acid to the initial quantum Point nuclear surface.
  • the organic carboxylic acid is selected from a linear organic carboxylic acid containing a single carboxyl group.
  • the linear organic carboxylic acid is beneficial to reduce steric hindrance and promote the occurrence of passivation.
  • the organic carboxylic acid may be at least one selected from oleic acid, dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid.
  • the step of mixing the initial quantum dot core with the organic carboxylic acid is: mixing the initial initial quantum dot core with the organic carboxylic acid, heating at a temperature of 80-150 ° C for 20-60 minutes, so that the organic carboxylic acid is bonded to the surface of the initial quantum dot core.
  • the initial quantum dot core is configured such that a solution is mixed with the organic carboxylic acid.
  • the initial quantum dot nuclei in order to make the initial quantum dot nuclei uniformly dispersed in the solvent (the initial quantum dot nuclei are individually present in the solution and maintain a proper distance from each other), it provides good for shell growth on the surface of the initial quantum dot nuclei Conditions, to obtain a shell layer with good dispersion and uniform thickness, in the initial quantum dot core solution, the volume ratio of the mass of the initial quantum dot core to the solvent is 10 mg : (5 ⁇ 1
  • the mass molar ratio of the quantum dot core to the organic acid is 10 mg: (3 ⁇ 10mmol)
  • step S02 Dispersing the initial quantum dot nuclei into a solution containing the organic carboxylic acid, and performing surface modification treatment on the initial quantum dot nuclei.
  • the organic carboxylic acid reagent may be present in a certain excess, but the organic carboxylic acid reagent may not Too much excess, otherwise the viscosity is too large, will affect the subsequent long shell rate, which is not conducive to the formation of the shell.
  • step S02 the step of preparing a shell layer on the surface of the initial initial quantum dot core is performed in a shell growth reaction system containing organic carboxylic acid.
  • the organic carboxylic acid in the shell growth reaction system is derived from step S01, that is, the initial initial quantum dot core and Organic carboxylic acid is mixed to combine the organic carboxylic acid to the remaining organic carboxylic acid in the step of the initial initial quantum dot core surface; when the organic carboxylic acid added in step S 01 is not excessive, or, although the added in step S01 Excessive amount of organic carboxylic acid, but as the growth of the shell layer progresses, when the organic carboxylic acid is insufficient, it is also possible to add an appropriate amount of organic carboxylic acid to the shell growth reaction system during the preparation of the shell layer on the surface of the initial quantum dot core So that a sufficient amount of carboxylic acid is bound to the surface of the growing shell, so that the prepared quantum dots have good monodispersity.
  • shell-source anion precursors such as complex precursors formed by non-metallic elements such as Te, Se, S, P and oleic acid
  • shell-source cationic precursors oil Zinc acid, cadmium oleate, etc.
  • the organic carboxylic acid in the reaction system of shell growth containing organic carboxylic acid is derived from the
  • the initial quantum dot core is mixed with an organic carboxylic acid to combine the organic carboxylic acid to the organic carboxylic acid remaining in the step of the surface of the initial quantum dot core, and / or to supplement the shell growth reaction system during the shell growth process Add an appropriate amount of organic carboxylic acid.
  • the shell growth reaction system refers to a reaction material system applied in the process of shell growth on the surface of the initial initial quantum dot core; examples of the present application In which, the shell source precursor can be injected once into the solution containing the initial quantum dot core for one shell growth; in yet another embodiment of the present application, the shell source precursor can be injected multiple times to contain the initial quantum dot In the core solution or the solution system in which the shell layer grows, multiple shell layers are grown.
  • a shell source precursor is added to the initial quantum dot core for the first shell growth to prepare a first shell layer; further, on the basis of the first shell layer, a shell source precursor is added
  • the second shell growth is performed on the body, and a second shell layer is prepared on the surface of the first shell layer; in this manner, the N-th shell layer is prepared through N shell growths.
  • the surface of each shell layer is combined with the organic carboxylic acid in the shell growth reaction system and the organic ligand after pyrolysis of the shell-source anion precursor and shell-source cation precursor, so that the preparation After each shell layer is obtained, the material has a good monodispersity, which is beneficial for subsequent shell layer growth or better dispersion performance as a product application.
  • the shell source precursor includes a shell source cationic precursor and a shell source anion precursor.
  • the shell-source cation precursor is at least one of organic metal carboxylates formed from oxides or metal salts of metals such as Cd, Zn, Pb, Ag, Hg, Fe, In, A1, and organic carboxylic acids .
  • the shell-source cation precursor is selected from zinc oleate, lead oleate, silver oleate, mercury oleate, indium oleate, copper oleate, iron oleate, manganese oleate, aluminum oleate, stearin Zinc acid, lead stearate, silver stearate, mercury stearate, indium stearate, copper stearate, iron stearate, manganese stearate, aluminum stearate, zinc tetradecanoate, ten Lead tetradecanoate, silver tetradecanoate, mercury tetradecanoate, indium tetradecanoate, copper tetradecanoate, iron tetradecanoate, manganese tetradecanoate, aluminum tetradecanoate, hexadecane Zinc acid, lead cetate, silver cetate, mercury cetate, indium cetate, copper cetate, iron cetate, manganese Zinc
  • the shell-source anion precursor is prepared.
  • the organic molecule is selected from trioctylphosphine, tributylphosphine, oleic acid, and At least one of octaene, but not limited to this.
  • the organic molecule of the non-metallic atom is an organic molecule containing a single functional group mercapto (-HS) functional group (eg, octadecanethiol, heptadecanethiol, (Cetanethiol, pentathiol, tetradecanethiol, tridecanethiol, dodecanethiol, octathiol, etc. are not limited to this).
  • -HS mercapto
  • the selection of the shell source is not limited, in some embodiments, it should be satisfied that the band gap of the obtained shell layer is larger than the band gap of the initial quantum dot core.
  • the shell-source cationic precursor is selected from at least one of organometallic carboxylates of Cd, Zn, and Pb, and the shell-source anion precursor is selected from An anion complex or thiol formed by dispersing Te, Se, and S in organic molecules.
  • the shell source is a mixed precursor solution in which a shell cationic precursor and a shell anion precursor are dispersed; the method of adding the shell source may be: injecting the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor into a solvent to configure The cationic precursor solution and the anionic precursor solution are first injected into the shell cationic precursor solution and then into the shell anionic precursor solution; or, the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor are injected into the solvent separately to configure the cationic precursor solution and the anionic precursor Body solution, first inject the shell anion precursor solution and then the shell cationic precursor solution; or, inject the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor into the solvent to obtain a mixed solution containing the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor, and mix the mixed solution Inject into the solution system containing the initial quantum dot core or the shell growth
  • the concentration range of the shell source cationic precursor solution is (0.5-1.5mmol / ml); the concentration range of the shell source anion precursor solution is (0.5 ⁇ 1.5mmol / ml)
  • the proper concentration is conducive to uniformly combining the shell-source cationic precursor and the shell-source anion precursor on the surface of the initial quantum dot core, and forming a uniform and stable shell layer by crystallization.
  • the mass ratio of the shell source cationic precursor to the initial quantum dot core is (l ⁇ 1.5mmol): 10mg, and / or the shell source anion precursor and the The mass ratio of the initial quantum dot core is (1-1.5 mmol): 10 mg, and the shell source precursor is injected into the solution system containing the initial quantum dot core or the shell layer growth.
  • This method is conducive to uniformly and stably binding the anion precursor and the cationic precursor on the surface of the initial quantum dot core, and obtaining a shell layer with an appropriate thickness.
  • the temperature at which the shell layer is prepared on the surface of the initial quantum dot core after the modification treatment is 150 to 320 ° C. Within this temperature range, it is conducive to the crystallization of the anion-cation precursor into a shell, and it will not Affect the stability of quantum dots.
  • step S03 in an embodiment, the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed is mixed with an organic phosphine to combine the organic phosphine with the non-metallic atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell to reduce The defect states on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed is mixed with an organic phosphine, and heated at a temperature of 100-320 ° C for 10-60 min under the conditions
  • the organic phosphine is combined with non-metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell layer to reduce the defect state on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals and further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the organic phosphine dissolves after the shell growth reaction is completed If the temperature of the mixed treatment in the liquid system is too low and / or the time is too short, the effect of the organic phosphine to passivate the anion vacancy is not obvious, and even the passivation effect cannot be exerted, and thus the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure nanocrystals cannot be improved; if the organic phosphine The temperature of mixing treatment with the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is too high, not only the organic phosphine is easily volatilized, affecting the modification treatment effect, but also the high temperature conditions will affect the structural stability of the core-shell structure nanocrystal itself.
  • step S03 in the step of mixing and heating the system after the completion of the shell growth reaction with the organic phosphine, in some embodiments, according to the molar mass ratio of the organic phosphine to the initial quantum dot core (2 ⁇ 5 mmol): 10 mg, disperse the core-shell structure quantum dots into a solution containing organic phosphine. If the content of the organic phosphine is too low, the effect of passivating anion vacancies is not obvious, and it is difficult to significantly increase the fluorescence intensity of the quantum point of the core-shell structure. If the content of the organic phosphine is too high, it will affect the film-forming performance of the core-shell structure nanocrystals when preparing the film layer.
  • step S03 in one embodiment, the system after the shell growth reaction is completed is mixed with an organic amine, so that the organic amine can be combined with the shell source cations remaining in the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed.
  • the precursor complexes thereby reducing the freezing point of the shell source cationic precursor remaining in the solution system, which is beneficial to the subsequent cleaning of the quantum dot mixture and the improvement of purity, so that the prepared quantum dots are used to form device films
  • the layer is formed, the influence of residual cationic precursor impurities in the core-shell structure quantum dot solution on the device stability can be effectively avoided, and the film formation quality of the quantum dot solid film can be improved.
  • the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed is mixed with an organic amine, and heated at a temperature of 80-320 ° C for 10-60 min. Under the conditions, the organic amine combines with the non-metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell to reduce the freezing point of the shell-source cation precursor remaining in the solution system, thereby improving the purity of the core-shell structure quantum dot.
  • the mixing temperature of the solution system and the organic amine after the shell growth reaction is too low and / or the time is too short, the effect of the organic amine to complex the remaining cationic precursor is not obvious, and the purity of the core-shell structure quantum dots cannot be improved ; If the temperature is too high and / or the time is too long, the high temperature conditions will affect the structural stability of the core-shell structure quantum dots, such as ligand shedding.
  • step S03 in the step of mixing the system after the shell growth reaction is completed with an organic amine to bond the organic amine to the surface of the shell, in some embodiments, according to the organic amine
  • the molar mass ratio with the initial quantum dot core is (5 ⁇ 10mmol): 10mg, disperse the core-shell structure quantum dots to There are organic amines in solution. If the content of the organic amine is too low, the effect of improving the purity of the core-shell structure quantum dots is not obvious. If the content of the organic amine is too high, the organic amine remaining after complexing with the residual cationic precursor in the mixed liquid of the core-shell structure quantum dots will exchange with the ligand on the surface of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the amine ligand itself is unstable (the exchanged organic carboxylic acid is removed in the cleaning process), and it is easy to fall off. Therefore, defects will be introduced at the falling position, which reduces the photothermal stability, fluorescence intensity and solubility of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the organic amine used as a post-treatment reagent is an organic amine having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the organic amine reagent is selected from linear organic amines containing a single amino group.
  • the linear organic amines are beneficial for reducing steric hindrance and promoting organic amine binding to the surface of the shell layer.
  • the organic amine reagent may be at least one selected from oleylamine, trioctylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, and octadecylamine.
  • step S03 in an embodiment, the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with a mixed solution of an organic amine and an organic phosphine to make the organic phosphine, the organic amine and the quantum dot shell
  • the non-metallic atoms on the surface combine to increase the fluorescence intensity and purity of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with a mixed solution of an organic amine and an organic phosphine, and heated at a temperature of 80-320 ° C. -90min. Under the conditions, the organic amine and the organic phosphine are combined with the non-metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell layer to improve the purity and fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dot.
  • the mixing temperature of the solution system after the shell growth reaction and the mixed solution of the organic amine and the organic phosphine is too low and / or the time is too short, the effect of the organic amine and the organic phosphine to complex the remaining cation precursor is not obvious, and The purity and fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots cannot be improved; if the temperature is too high and / or the time is too long, the high temperature conditions will affect the structural stability of the core-shell structure quantum dots themselves, such as ligand shedding.
  • step S03 in the step of mixing and heating the solution system with the mixed solution of the organic amine and the organic phosphine after the shell growth reaction is completed, according to the molar mass ratio of the organic amine to the initial quantum dot core Is (5-10 mmol): 10 mg, the molar mass ratio of the organic phosphine to the initial quantum dot core is (2 ⁇ 5 mmol): 10 mg, and the solution system after completion of the shell growth reaction with organic amine and organic phosphine The mixed solution is mixed.
  • the influence of the content of the organic phosphine and organic amine is as described above.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing a quantum dot core-shell structure nanocrystal
  • the preparation method includes the following steps:
  • E01 provides an initial quantum dot core, mixing the initial quantum dot core with an organic amine, so that the organic amine is bonded to the surface of the initial quantum dot core;
  • E02 a shell growth reaction is performed on the surface of the initial quantum dot core to prepare a shell
  • the solution system is mixed with a mixed solution of organic carboxylic acid and organic phosphine and heated
  • the method for preparing quantum dots mixes the initial quantum dot core with an organic amine, and the organic amine is bonded to the surface of the initial quantum dot core to fill the cation of the initial quantum dot core Vacancy reduces the defect state between the core-shell interface and provides a good epitaxial interface for the growth of the shell. Further, since the binding force between the organic amine and the metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot core is relatively weak, the organic amine requires less energy to desorb from the metal atoms on the surface of the previous shell.
  • the anions in the shell source precursor are easier to combine with the metal ions in the core surface for epitaxial growth, which can avoid the larger lattice stress between the atoms at the interface between the quantum dot core and the shell layer, reducing the presence of a lattice on the surface of the shell layer of the epitaxial crystallization defect.
  • the growth of the shell layer according to the crystal orientation of the quantum dot core during the epitaxial crystallization is driven, so that the shell layer obtained by the shell growth is consistent with the crystal form of the quantum dot core, further reducing the quantum dot Lattice defects between atoms on the core surface and the shell.
  • the system after the completion of the shell layer growth reaction continues to be mixed with at least one of organic phosphine and / or organic carboxylic acid for subsequent processing, wherein, when the shell layer growth reaction is completed
  • the organic phosphine is combined with the non-metallic elements on the surface of the nanocrystalline shell layer to passivate anion vacancies, reduce the defect state on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals, and further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots ;
  • the organic carboxylic acid can effectively eliminate the protonated organic amine connected to the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystalline shell layer (using organic amine to the quantum dot core During the modification process, part of the organic amines fall off and bind to the surface of the growing metal atoms in the subsequent long shell process.
  • the initial quantum dot nuclei may be selected from group II / VI quantum dot nuclei, group III / V quantum dot nuclei, m / vi group quantum dot nuclei and At least one of the imn / vi family quantum dot cores, but not limited to this.
  • the group II / VI quantum dot core may be selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CdZnSe, CdSSe, ZnSSe, ZnCdS, ZnCdS e, ZnSeS, ZnCdTe, ZnCdSSe, ZnCdSeS and ZnCdTeS, but not limited to this; the III / V group quantum dot core may be selected from InAs, InP, GaAs, GaP, GaSb,
  • the IIFVI group quantum dot core is selected from InS, In 2 S 3 ′ InSe, In 2 Se 3 , In 4 Se 3 , In 2 Se 3 , InTe, In 2 Se 3 , GaS, Ga 2 Se 3 , GaSe, Ga 2 Se 3 , GaTe, Ga 2 Te 3 , but not limited to this; the II / III / VI group quantum dot nuclear sorting From CuInS, CuInZnS and CuInSeS, but not limited to this.
  • the initial quantum dot core may be selected from group II / VI quantum dot cores.
  • the initial quantum dot core is an initial quantum dot core containing surface ligands.
  • the surface ligand is selected from at least one of an organic carboxylic acid ligand, an organic phosphonic acid ligand, an organic phosphine ligand, and a phosphine oxide ligand.
  • the organic carboxylic acid ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to at least one of oleic acid, myristic acid, and dodecanoic acid;
  • the organic phosphonic acid ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to ten At least one of octaalkylphosphonic acid, tetradecylphosphonic acid, and dodecyl;
  • the organic phosphine ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to at least one of trioctylphosphine and tributylphosphine;
  • the phosphine oxide ligand is preferably selected from but not limited to at least one of trioctylphosphine oxide and tributylphosphine oxide.
  • the initial quantum dot core is mixed with an organic amine, the organic amine tends to bind to the surface of the initial quantum dot core cation, so that the organic amine is bound to the surface of the initial quantum dot core, with In order to fill the cation vacancy of the initial quantum dot core, reduce the defect state between the core and shell interface, and reduce the existence of lattice defects on the surface of the epitaxially crystallized shell layer.
  • the organic amine is selected from organic amines having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and at this time, has a relatively small steric hindrance, which facilitates the binding of the organic amine to the surface of the initial quantum dot core .
  • the organic amine is selected from linear organic amines containing a single amino group. Hinder and promote the occurrence of modification.
  • the organic amine reagent may be selected from at least one of oleylamine, trioctylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, and octadecylamine.
  • the initial quantum dot core in order to facilitate the organic amine to be stably bound to the surface of the initial quantum dot core, is mixed with the organic amine
  • the mixing conditions are: mixing the initial initial quantum dot core with an organic amine, and under the condition of a temperature of 80-150 ° C for 20-60 minutes, the organic amine is bound to the initial quantum dot core surface.
  • the initial quantum dot core is configured such that a solution is mixed with the organic amine.
  • the initial quantum dot nuclei in order to make the initial quantum dot nuclei uniformly dispersed in the solvent (the initial quantum dot nuclei are individually present in the solution and maintain a proper distance from each other), it provides good for shell growth on the surface of the initial quantum dot nuclei Conditions, to obtain a shell layer with good dispersion and uniform thickness, in the initial quantum dot core solution, the volume ratio of the mass of the initial quantum dot core to the solvent is 10 mg : (5 ⁇ 15 ml) °
  • step E01 in the step of mixing the initial quantum dot core with an organic amine, according to the mass molar ratio of the quantum dot core to the organic amine is 10 mg: (3 ⁇ 10 mmol), disperse the initial quantum dot nuclei in a solution containing the organic amine, and perform surface modification treatment on the initial quantum dot nuclei.
  • the organic amine may have a certain excess, but the organic amine may not be excessive, otherwise If the viscosity is too high, it will affect the subsequent long shell rate, which is not conducive to the formation of the shell.
  • a shell growth reaction is performed on the surface of the initial quantum dot core to prepare a shell.
  • the shell source precursor may be injected once into the solution containing the initial quantum dot core to perform a shell growth; in another embodiment of the present application, the shell source precursor may be injected into the solution multiple times. In a solution system containing an initial quantum dot core or a shell growth solution, multiple shell growths are performed.
  • a shell source precursor is added to the initial quantum dot core for the first shell growth to prepare a first shell layer; further, on the basis of the first shell layer, a shell source precursor is added
  • the second shell growth is performed on the body, and a second shell layer is prepared on the surface of the first shell layer; in this manner, the N-th shell layer is prepared through N shell growths.
  • the surface of each shell layer is combined with the organic carboxylic acid in the shell growth reaction system and the organic ligand after pyrolysis of the shell-source anion precursor and shell-source cation precursor, so that each preparation After the shell layer, the materials have a good monodispersity, which is conducive to subsequent progress
  • the shell layer grows or has better dispersion performance when used as a product.
  • the shell source precursor includes a shell source cationic precursor and a shell source anion precursor.
  • the shell-source cation precursor is at least one of organic metal carboxylates formed from oxides or metal salts of metals such as Cd, Zn, Pb, Ag, Hg, Fe, In, A1, and organic carboxylic acids .
  • the shell-source cationic precursor is selected from zinc oleate, lead oleate, silver oleate, mercury oleate, indium oleate, copper oleate, iron oleate, manganese oleate, aluminum oleate , Zinc stearate, lead stearate, silver stearate, mercury stearate, indium stearate, copper stearate, iron stearate, manganese stearate, aluminum stearate, myristic acid Zinc, lead tetradecanoate, silver tetradecanoate, mercury tetradecanoate, indium tetradecanoate, copper tetradecanoate, iron tetradecanoate, manganese tetradecanoate, aluminum tetradecanoate, Zinc hexadecanoate, lead hexadecanoate, silver hexadecanoate, mercury hexadecanoate, Zinc he
  • the shell-source anion precursor is prepared.
  • the organic molecule is selected from trioctylphosphine, tributylphosphine, oleic acid, and At least one of octaene, but not limited to this.
  • the organic molecule of the non-metallic atom is an organic molecule containing a single functional group mercapto (-HS) functional group (such as: octadecanethiol, heptadecanethiol, (Cetanethiol, pentathiol, tetradecanethiol, tridecanethiol, dodecanethiol, octathiol, etc. are not limited to this).
  • -HS mercapto
  • the choice of the shell source is not limited, in some embodiments, it should be satisfied that the band gap of the obtained shell layer is larger than the band gap of the initial quantum dot core.
  • the shell-source cationic precursor is selected from at least one of organometallic carboxylates of Cd, Zn, and Pb, and the shell-source anion precursor is selected from An anion complex or thiol formed by dispersing Te, Se, and S in organic molecules.
  • each time the shell source is injected for shell growth the order of addition of the shell cationic precursor and the shell anionic precursor is not strictly limited.
  • the shell source is before the shell cations are dispersed
  • a mixed precursor solution of the precursor and the shell anion precursor; the method of adding the shell source may be as follows: the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor are injected into the solvent separately to configure the cationic precursor solution and the anionic precursor solution, and the first injection After the shell cationic precursor solution is injected into the shell anionic precursor solution; or, the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor are injected into the solvent separately to configure the cationic precursor solution and the anionic precursor solution, and the shell anionic precursor solution is injected first Inject the shell cationic precursor solution; or, inject the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor into the solvent to obtain a mixed solution containing the cationic precursor and the anionic precursor, and inject the mixed solution into the solution or shell containing the initial quantum dot core Growing solution
  • the concentration range of the shell source cationic precursor solution is (0.5-1.5mmol / ml); the concentration range of the shell source anion precursor solution is (0.5 ⁇ 1.5mmol / ml)
  • the proper concentration is conducive to uniformly combining the shell-source cationic precursor and the shell-source anion precursor on the surface of the initial quantum dot core, and forming a uniform and stable shell layer by crystallization.
  • the mass ratio of the shell-source cationic precursor to the initial quantum dot core is (1 to 1.5 mmol): 10 mg, and / or the shell-source anion precursor and the The mass ratio of the initial quantum dot core is (1-1.5 mmol): 10 mg, and the shell source precursor is injected into the solution system containing the initial quantum dot core or the shell layer growth.
  • This method is conducive to uniformly and stably binding the anion precursor and the cationic precursor on the surface of the initial quantum dot core, and obtaining a shell layer with an appropriate thickness.
  • the temperature at which the shell layer is prepared on the surface of the initial quantum dot core after the modification treatment is 150-320 ° C, which is favorable for the crystallization of the anion and cationic precursors into a shell within this temperature range, and Does not affect the stability of quantum dots.
  • the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with an organic phosphine to combine the organic phosphine with the non-metallic atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell to reduce
  • the defect states on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with an organic phosphine, and heated at a temperature of 100-320 ° C for 10-60 min. Under the conditions, the organic phosphine is combined with the non-metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell layer to reduce the defect state on the surface of the core-shell nanocrystals and further increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots.
  • the temperature of mixing treatment of the organic phosphine and the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed is too low and / or the time is too short, the effect of the organic phosphine to passivate the anion vacancy Not obvious, can not even play a passivating role, and thus can not improve the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure nanocrystals; if the organic phosphine and the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed, the mixing treatment temperature is too high, not only the organic phosphine is easy to volatilize, affecting the modification treatment Effect, and high temperature conditions will affect the structural stability of the core-shell structure nanocrystal itself.
  • step E03 in the step of mixing and heating the system after the completion of the shell growth reaction with the organic phosphine, in some embodiments, according to the molar mass ratio of the organic phosphine to the initial quantum dot core (2 ⁇ 5 mmol): 10 mg, disperse the core-shell structure quantum dots into a solution containing organic phosphine. If the content of the organic phosphine is too low, the effect of passivating anion vacancies is not obvious, and it is difficult to significantly increase the fluorescence intensity of the quantum point of the core-shell structure. If the content of the organic phosphine is too high, it will affect the film-forming performance of the core-shell structure nanocrystals when preparing the film layer.
  • step E03 in one embodiment, the system after the shell growth reaction is completed is mixed with an organic carboxylic acid, so that the organic carboxylic acid can be combined with the remaining shell in the solution system after the shell growth reaction is completed.
  • the source cation precursor complexes, eliminating the protonated organic amine attached to the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystal shell layer, and enhancing the transient lifetime of the core-shell structure nanocrystals.
  • step E03 in one embodiment, the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with an organic carboxylic acid, and heated at a temperature of 240-320 ° C for 30-90 min. Under the conditions, the organic carboxylic acid is combined with non-metallic atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell to enhance the transient fluorescence lifetime of the core-shell structure nanocrystals.
  • the mixing temperature of the solution system and the organic carboxylic acid after the shell growth reaction is too low and / or the time is too short, the effect of the organic carboxylic acid to complex the remaining cationic precursor is not obvious, and thus the core-shell structure nano can not be improved
  • the transient fluorescence lifetime of the crystal if the temperature is too high and / or the time is too long, the high temperature conditions will affect the structural stability of the core-shell structure quantum dot itself, such as ligand shedding.
  • step E03 in the step of mixing the system after the shell growth reaction is completed with an organic carboxylic acid to bond the organic carboxylic acid to the surface of the shell, in some embodiments, according to The molar mass ratio of the organic carboxylic acid to the initial quantum dot core is (5-10 mmol): 10 mg, and the core-shell structure quantum dots are dispersed into the solution containing the organic carboxylic acid. If the content of the organic carboxylic acid is too low, the effect of eliminating protonated organic amines connected to the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystalline shell layer is not obvious, and it is difficult to significantly enhance the transient fluorescence lifetime of the nanocrystals.
  • the organic acid is an organic acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the organic acid reagent is selected from a linear organic acid containing a single amino group. The linear amine is beneficial to reduce steric hindrance and promote the occurrence of complexation.
  • the organic acid reagent may be at least one selected from oleic acid, dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid.
  • step E03 in an embodiment, the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with a mixed solution of organic carboxylic acid and organic phosphine, so that the organic phosphine, organic carboxylic acid and quantum The non-metal atoms on the surface of the shell are combined.
  • the organic phosphine is coordinated with the non-metallic atoms on the surface of the nanocrystalline shell layer to further passivate the anion vacancy, reduce the defect state on the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystals, and increase the fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure nanocrystals.
  • the organic acid When the organic acid performs post-treatment on the core-shell structure nanocrystals, the protonated organic amines connected to the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystal shell layer can be effectively eliminated, and the transient fluorescence lifetime of the nanocrystals can be enhanced.
  • the organic acid and the organic phosphorus form interlaced ligands on the surface of the core-shell structure nanocrystals and combine with the metal and nonmetal atoms on the surface of the nanocrystals. The interlaced ligands will further enhance the nanocrystals. Solubility and stability.
  • the organic carboxylic acid can promote the decomposition of a part of the shell that is unstable in crystallization on the surface of the core-shell quantum dots.
  • the metal atom obtained after the decomposition and the organic carboxylic acid form a metal cation precursor again, and the anion obtained after the decomposition and the organic phosphine form an anion precursor again.
  • the anion and cation precursors formed again during the post-treatment process will undergo a re-shell growth on the surface of the core-shell quantum dots, and the core-shell quantum dots with small particles when the re-formed shell grows due to the large surface of the opposite body
  • the growth rate is fast and the shell is given priority again, so the final effect is that the size of the core-shell quantum dots is relatively uniform.
  • step E03 in one embodiment, the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction is mixed with a mixed solution of an organic amine and an organic phosphine, and heated at a temperature of 100-320 ° C. -60min. Under the conditions, the organic carboxylic acid and the organic phosphine are combined with the non-metal atoms on the surface of the quantum dot shell layer to increase the transient fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dot.
  • the mixing temperature of the solution system after the completion of the shell growth reaction and the mixed solution of the organic carboxylic acid and the organic phosphine is too low and / or the time is too short, the effect of the organic amine and the organic phosphine to complex the remaining cationic precursor is not obvious, Furthermore, the transient fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity of the core-shell structure quantum dots cannot be improved; if the temperature is too high and / or the time is too long, the high temperature conditions will affect the structural stability of the core-shell structure quantum dots, such as ligand shedding.
  • step E03 in the step of mixing and heating the solution system with the mixed solution of the organic carboxylic acid and the organic phosphine after the shell growth reaction is completed, according to the mole of the organic carboxylic acid and the initial quantum dot core
  • the mass ratio is (5 ⁇ 10mmol): 10mg
  • the molar mass ratio of the organic phosphine to the initial quantum dot core is (2 ⁇ 5mmol): 10mg
  • the solution system and organic carboxylic acid after the shell growth reaction is completed Mix with organic phosphine solution.
  • the influence of the content of the organic phosphine and organic carboxylic acid is as described above.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a core-shell structure quantum dot prepared by the above method.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide applications of the core-shell structure quantum dots in the fields of optical devices, optical films, core-shell structure quantum dot inks, glues, biological probes, and the like.
  • the optical device includes but is not limited to a quantum dot light emitting diode, a quantum dot sensitized battery.
  • the optical film includes but is not limited to a quantum dot light-emitting barrier film, a quantum dot light-emitting tube, and the like.
  • the core-shell structure quantum dot ink includes, but is not limited to, an ink formed by combining quantum dots with other different chemical solvents at different ratios.
  • the glue includes, but is not limited to, glue composed of core-shell structure quantum dots and other different chemical reagents in different viscosity ratios.
  • the biological probe is made of a quantum dot surface modified with a specific substance
  • a method for preparing a quantum dot includes the following steps:
  • step 1) the prepared CdSe initial quantum dot solution dispersed in n-hexane was added to 2 ml into a solution containing 18 ml of oleic acid and 10 ml of octadecene, heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min. temperature of the solution was raised to 300 o C.
  • the ZnS shell source prepared in step 31) is injected into the CdSe initial quantum dot core prepared in step 2) at a dropping rate of 6 ml / h to the initial initial quantum dot core Long shell in the solution, the injection time is 80min;
  • step 3 To the quantum dot mixture prepared in step 3), add an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to centrifuge the CdSe / ZnS quantum dot solution, and then disperse the CdSe / ZnS quantum dot solution obtained by centrifugation again in an appropriate amount of chloroform Disperse it in the solution, and then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdSe / ZnS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot includes the following steps:
  • octadecene (ODE) 10 ml is first evacuated at room temperature for 30 mins, then heated to 180 ° C for 60 mins, then maintained at 180 ° C for 30 mins and cooled to room temperature for use;
  • the precursor is heated to 250 ° C, and the 2 ml S-ODE precursor in extraction step 14) is injected into the three-necked flask for 10 min to prepare the CdS initial quantum dot nuclei.
  • the prepared CdS initial quantum dot nuclei are prepared by centrifugal separation and drying Scattered in Zhengji Ya.
  • CdSe shell source Take 1 mmol of cadmium oleate precursor and 1.5 mmol of Se-TOP together and disperse in 10 ml of 18-dilute solution, and then stir for use.
  • CdS initial quantum dot nuclei are dispersed in 1ml of OA and 10ml of ODE, exhausted at room temperature for 20min, and then heated to 300 ° C,
  • the CdS shell source prepared in step 21) is added dropwise to the CdSe initial quantum dot core solution in step 1) at a drop rate of 6 ml / h for long shell, drop Add time is 80min
  • CdS shell source Take 1 mmol of cadmium oleate precursor and 1.5 mmol of 1-dodecanethiol together to disperse in 10 ml of 18-diluted solution, then stir and heat at 80 ° C to make it cloudy The liquid became clear and then cooled to room temperature for use.
  • 32) Take 10 mg of CdS / CdSe core-shell structure quantum dots dispersed in 1 ml of OA and 10 ml of ODE, exhaust at room temperature for 20 min, and then heat to 300 ° C,
  • CdS shell layer The CdS shell source prepared in step 31) is added dropwise to the CdS / CdSe core-shell structure quantum dot quantum dot solution in step 2) at a dropping rate of 6 ml / h For long shells, the addition time is
  • step 41) Add the appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixture in step 3) to centrifuge the CdS / CdSe / Cd quantum well quantum dot solution, and centrifuge the CdS / CdSe / CdS quantum well
  • the quantum dot solution is dispersed again in an appropriate amount of chloroform solution to disperse it, and then acetone and methanol are added to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdS / CdSe / CdS quantum well quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the solubility of the CdS / CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this example is improved, and the corresponding effect is that the monodispersity of the CdS / CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots can be improved; the UV-visible fluorescence spectrum test CdS / CdSe / CdS solution (concentration 0.05mg / ml) absorbance, where the absorbance value range is 0.85 ⁇ 1.62.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot includes the following steps:
  • step 1) 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots prepared in n-hexane were added to an eighteen dilute solution containing lmT oleic acid and 10 ml, and the CdSe initial quantum The solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove excess n-hexane solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was increased to 300 ° C.
  • CdS shell source Take 1 mmol of cadmium oleate precursor and 1.5 mmol of 1-dodecanethiol together to disperse in 10 ml of 18-diluted solution, then stir at 80 ° C to make it cloudy The liquid becomes clear and then cooled to room temperature for use;
  • step 3 Adding an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixed solution in step 3) to centrifuge the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution, and dispersing the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution obtained by centrifugation again in an appropriate amount of chloroform solution Disperse it, and then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdSe / CdS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the fluorescence intensity of the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of the present example is somewhat reduced but the stability after being prepared as a device is improved.
  • the quantum yield (QY) of the C dSe / CdS solution at room temperature was tested by the integrating sphere of a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5), where the QY value ranged from 70 to 79% ; the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the QLE D device after 30 days of testing ) Reduced
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot includes the following steps: 1. Preparation of cadmium selenide (CdSe) initial quantum dot core,
  • Dispersion treatment of CdSe initial quantum dot nuclei Take 1 of the prepared CdSe initial quantum dots dispersed in n-hexane and add 2 ml to an octadecene solution containing lmT oleic acid and 10 ml. First, the CdSe initial quantum dots The solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 minutes to remove excess n-hexane solution from the solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was raised to 300 ° C.
  • CdS shell source Take 1 mmol of cadmium oleate precursor and 1.5 mmol of 1-dodecanethiol together to disperse in 10 ml of 18-diluted solution, then stir and heat at 80 ° C to make it cloudy The liquid becomes clear and then cooled to room temperature for use;
  • the dropping time is 80min;
  • step 3 Adding an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixed solution in step 3) to dissolve the CdSe / CdS quantum dots
  • the solution is centrifuged, and the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution obtained by centrifugation is dispersed again in an appropriate amount of chloroform solution to disperse it, and then acetone and methanol are added to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the final CdSe is obtained / CdS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this example can further enhance the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dots.
  • the quantum yield (Q Y) of the solution at room temperature was tested by the integrating sphere of a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5). The range of QY value was 78 ⁇ 89%.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure quantum dot includes the following steps:
  • step 1) 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots prepared in n-hexane were added to an 18-fold diluted solution containing lmT oleic acid and 10 ml, and the CdSe initial quantum The solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove the excess n-hexane solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was raised to 300 ° C.
  • CdS shell source Take 1 mmol of cadmium oleate precursor and 1.5 mmol of 1-octadecanethiol together to disperse in 10 ml of 18-dilute solution, and then stir and heat at 80 ° C to make it cloudy The liquid becomes clear and then cooled to room temperature for use; [0184] 32) Growth of the CdS shell layer: the CdS shell source prepared in step 31) is added dropwise to the CdSe initial quantum dot core solution in step 2) at a dropping rate of 6 ml / h for long shell, drop Add time is 80min;
  • step 3 Adding an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixed solution in step 3) to centrifuge the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution, and dispersing the centrifuged CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution again in an appropriate amount of chloroform solution Disperse it, and then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdSe / CdS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this example can improve the stability.
  • the quantum sphere yield (QY) of the solution after being placed at room temperature for 30 days was measured by the integrating sphere of a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5). The QY value ranged from 83 to 91%.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure nanocrystal includes the following steps:
  • step 1) 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots prepared in n-hexane were added to an eighteen dilute solution containing lmT oleylamine and 10 ml.
  • the quantum dot solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove excess n-hexane solution from the solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was raised to 300 ° C.
  • step 3 Add the appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the mixed solution of quantum dots in step 3) to centrifuge the CdSe / ZnS quantum dot solution, and re-disperse the CdSe / ZnS quantum dot solution obtained by centrifugation in the appropriate amount of chloroform solution Disperse it, and then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdSe / ZnS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this embodiment reduce the generation of shell defects during shell growth, and the corresponding effect is that the fluorescence intensity of the CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots can be improved; Integrating sphere (Edinburgh-FS5) measures the quantum yield (QY) of the solution at room temperature, where the QY value ranges from 78 to 83%.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure nanocrystal includes the following steps:
  • octadecene (ODE) 10 ml is first evacuated at room temperature for 30 mins, then heated to 180 ° C to exhaust argon 60 mins, then maintain a vacuum of 180 ° C for 30 mins and cool to room temperature for use;
  • TOP trioctylphosphine oxide
  • TOP trioctylphosphine oxide
  • ⁇ Precursor is heated to 250 ° C, extracting step 14) 2ml of S-ODE precursor is injected into a three-necked flask and reacted for 10min to prepare CdS quantum dot nuclei, and the prepared CdS initial quantum dot nuclei are dispersed in N-hexane.
  • CdS initial quantum dot nuclei are dispersed in 1ml of OAm and 10ml of ODE, first exhausted at room temperature for 20min, and then heated to 300 ° C;
  • CdS shell growth Take the CdS shell source prepared in step 21) at a drop rate of 6 ml / h to the CdSe initial quantum dot core solution in 1 for long shells, drop time 80min;
  • CdS / CdSe quantum dots are dispersed in 1ml of OAm and 10ml of ODE, exhausted at room temperature for 20min, and then heated to 300 ° C;
  • step 3 Add the appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixed solution in step 3) to centrifuge the CdS / CdSe / Cd quantum well quantum dot solution, and centrifuge the CdS / CdSe / CdS quantum well quantum dot solution Disperse again in the appropriate amount of chloroform solution to disperse it, then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdS / CdSe / CdS quantum well quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the CdS / CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this embodiment reduce the generation of shell defects during shell growth, and the corresponding effect is that the fluorescence intensity of the CdS / CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots can be increased;
  • the quantum yield (QY) of the solution at room temperature was measured by the integrating sphere of a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5), where the QY value ranged from 75 to 85%.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure nanocrystal includes the following steps:
  • CdSe initial quantum dots Inject 1ml of trioctylphosphine solution into step 11), and when the temperature of the solution returns to 380 ° C, inject Se precursor in step 12) for 30 s, and then Inject 10ml of eighteen dilute quenching reaction to cool to room temperature and wash; 14) Washing and purification of CdSe initial quantum dots: adding 30 ml of acetone to the initial quantum dot mixture to centrifuge the quantum dots, and dispersing the centrifugally separated CdSe initial quantum dots in 10 ml of hexane
  • Dispersion treatment of CdSe initial quantum dot nuclei Take 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots dispersed in n-hexane prepared in step 1) and add it to an octadecene solution containing lmT oleylamine and 10 ml. The quantum dot solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove excess n-hexane solution from the solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was raised to 300 ° C.
  • step 3 Add the appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixture in step 3) to centrifuge the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution, and then disperse the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution obtained by centrifugation again in the appropriate amount of chloroform solution Disperse it, and then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdSe / CdS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this embodiment not only reduce the generation of shell defects during shell growth but also reduce the defect states on the surface of the CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots. Further, the corresponding effects It not only enhances the fluorescence intensity of CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots but also prolongs the transient fluorescence lifetime of CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots; the quantum sphere of the solution at room temperature is tested by the integrating sphere of the fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5) (QY) and transient fluorescence spectroscopy to test the transient lifetime of CdSe / CdS core-shell quantum dots, where The range of QY value is 80 ⁇ 89%, and the lifetime value is 25 ⁇ 30ns.
  • a preparation method of a core-shell structure nanocrystal includes the following steps:
  • Dispersion treatment of CdSe initial quantum dot nuclei Take the initial CdSe quantum dots dispersed in n-hexane prepared in step 1) 2 ml and add it to an 18-dilute solution containing lmT oleylamine and 10 ml. The quantum dot solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove excess n-hexane solution from the solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was raised to 300 ° C.
  • the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this example can further enhance the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dots.
  • the quantum yield of the solution at room temperature (Q Y) was measured by the integrating sphere of a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5), where the QY value ranged from 78 to 88%.
  • a method for preparing a core-shell structure nanocrystal includes the following steps:
  • step 1) 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots prepared in n-hexane are added to an 18-fold diluted solution containing lmT oleylamine and 10 ml, and the CdSe initial quantum The solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove excess n-hexane solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was increased to 300 ° C.
  • step 2) 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots prepared in n-hexane are added to an 18-fold diluted solution containing lmT oleylamine and 10 ml, and the CdSe initial quantum The solution was heated to 150 ° C and exhausted for 20 min to remove excess n-hexane solution, and then the temperature of the CdSe solution was increased to 300 ° C.
  • step 2) 2 ml of CdSe initial quantum dots prepared in n-hexane are added to an 18-fold diluted solution containing lmT oleylamine
  • step 3 Add the appropriate amount of ethyl acetate and ethanol to the quantum dot mixed solution in step 3) to centrifuge the CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution, and re-disperse the centrifuged CdSe / CdS quantum dot solution in the appropriate amount of chloroform solution Disperse it, and then add acetone and methanol to the solution for precipitation and centrifugal separation. This step is repeated once; the resulting CdSe / CdS quantum dots are vacuum dried.
  • the CdSe / CdS quantum dots prepared according to the method of this example can improve the stability.
  • the quantum sphere yield (QY) of the solution after 30 days at room temperature was tested by the integrating sphere of a fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh-FS5).
  • the QY value range was 83 ⁇ 91%, and the CdSe / CdS solution (concentration 0.05mg / ml) absorbance, where the absorbance value ranges from 0.9 to 1.5.

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Abstract

一种量子点的制备方法,包括:提供初始量子点核,将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合,使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面;在所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层,其中,在所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层的步骤在含有机羧酸的壳层生长反应体系中进行;将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合,使所述有机胺与剩余的阳离子前驱体壳发生络合;或将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热;或将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热。

Description

量子点的制备方法
[0001] 本申请要求于 2019年 10月 9日在中国专利局提交的、 申请号为 201811173288.7、 申请名称为“量子点的制备方法”的中国专利申请, 以及于 2019年 10月 9日在中国 专利局提交的、 申请号为 201811173294.2、 申请名称为“量子点的制备方法”的中 国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
[0002] 本申请涉及纳米晶材料制备技术领域, 尤其涉及一种量子点的制备方法。
背景技术
[0003] 纳米科学和纳米技术是一门新兴的科学技术并且存在潜在的应用价值和经济效 益, 因而在世界范围内备受科学家的关注。 相对于体相材料, 纳米晶体(NCs)能 够呈现体相材料所不具备的电学、 光学、 磁学和电化学特性。 半导体纳米晶体 , 又称量子点 (QD) , 其尺寸范围从 1到 20 nm, 当粒径大小发生变化时, 半导 体纳米晶的带隙价带和导带也会改变 (量子尺寸效应) , 如 CdSe纳米晶体的吸 收和发射几乎覆盖了整个可见光谱范围, 因此, 半导体纳米晶体表现出与尺寸 有关的光致发光性质的现象。 半导体纳米晶体已经在许多技术领域被应用如生 物标记、 诊断、 化学传感器、 发光二极管、 电子发光器件、 光伏器件、 激光器 和电子晶体管等。 然而针对不同技术领域的应用需要自备不同类别的半导体量 子点, 制备高质量的半导体量子点是半导体量子点尺寸效应有效应用的前提。
[0004] 在过去的几十年中, 为了得到高质量的半导体纳米晶, 科研学者开了了很多种 方法。 5见有的技术中主要有表面配体修饰、 核壳结构的设计。 而在核壳结构的 设计中, 内核为窄带隙半导体材料、 壳层为宽带隙材料的类型比较常见。 该类 型核壳结构的合成手段主要有一步法、 两步法、 三步法。 其中, 一步法是指核 壳量子点在一个反应容器中进行长核和长壳。 两步法是指核壳量子点的制备包 括两步: 在一个反应容器进行长核, 将量子点核取出后放置在另一个反应溶剂 中进行长壳。 三步法是指核壳量子点的制备包括两步: 一个反应容器进行长核 , 将量子点核取出后放置在另一个反应溶剂中进行中间壳层生长, 取出含有中 间壳层的核壳量子点放置在第三个反应容器中进行最外层壳层生长。 目前利用 制备核壳结构量子点所采用的壳层生长方式, 无论是一步法长壳、 两步法长壳 还是三步法长壳, 一般是简单的利用壳源前躯体进行连续的注入生长, 该方法 不能够很好的对壳层生长质量进行控制, 导致得到的核壳结构量子点, 表面配 体较少, 导致溶解性不好。 因此, 研究核壳量子点壳层生长方式及壳层生长的 控制具有重要意义。
发明概述
技术问题
[0005] 本申请实施例的目的之一在于: 提供一种量子点的制备方法, 旨在解决现技术 利用壳源前躯体进行连续的注入生长的方式制备得到的核壳结构量子点, 表面 配体较少, 溶解性不好的问题, 或旨在解决现技术利用壳源前躯体进行连续的 注入生长的方式制备得到的核壳结构量子点, 晶格应力较大表面晶格缺陷多, 影响荧光强度。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 为解决上述技术问题, 本申请实施例采用的技术方案是:
[0007] 提供了一种核壳结构量子点的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0008] 提供初始量子点核, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 使有机羧酸结合到 所述初始量子点核表面;
[0009] 在所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层, 其中, 在所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层 的步骤在含有机羧酸的壳层生长反应体系中进行;
[0010] 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合并加热;
[0011] 或将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热;
[0012] 或将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热; [0013] 或包括以下步骤:
[0014] 提供初始量子点核, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 使有机胺结合到所述 初始量子点核表面;
[0015] 在所述初始量子点核表面进行壳层生长反应, 制备壳层; [0016] 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机羧酸混合并加热;
[0017] 或将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热;
[0018] 或将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热
[0019] 本申请实施例提供的量子点的制备方法的有益效果在于: 将所述初始量子点核 与有机羧酸混合, 所述有机羧酸倾向于与初始量子点核阳离子表面结合, 使有 机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面, 用于填补量子点核的阳离子空位, 降低 核壳界面之间的缺陷态, 为壳层的生长提供一个良好的外延界面。 同时, 所述 有机羧酸还能起到钝化量子点核表面的效果, 使得所述量子点核在升温至长壳 温度的阶段, 不会发生自熟化, 从而获得颗粒尺寸均匀的量子点。 在后续长壳 过程中, 壳源阴离子前驱体和壳源阳离子前驱体热解后的有机配体与壳层生长 反应体系中有机羧酸共同结合和到壳层表面, 使得制备得到的核壳结构量子点 具有很好的单分散性。 在壳层生长结束后, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系继续 与有机膦和 /或有机胺中的至少一种混合进行后续处理, 其中, 当将壳层生长反 应完成后的体系与有机膦混合进行后续处理时, 有机膦与纳米晶壳层表面的非 金属元素进行结合, 钝化阴离子空位, 降低核壳纳米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步 提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度; 当将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机胺混 合进行后续处理时, 有机胺能够与核壳结构量子点混合液中的残余的阳离子前 驱体发生络合, 降低阳离子前驱体的凝固点, 进而有利于后续对量子点的清洗 和纯度, 使得制备得到的量子点在用于制作成器件膜层时, 能够有效避免核壳 结构量子点溶液中残余的阳离子前驱体杂质对器件稳定性的影响, 并提高量子 点固体膜的成膜质量。
[0020] 或将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 所述有机胺结合到所述初始量子点核表 面, 用于填补初始量子点核的阳离子空位, 降低核壳界面之间的缺陷态, 为壳 层的生长提供一个良好的外延界面。 进一步的, 由于有机胺与量子点核表面金 属原子的结合力相对较弱, 所以有机胺仅需要较少的能量就能从前一壳层表面 的金属原子脱吸附, 在后续壳层生长过程中, 壳源前驱体中的阴离子更容易与 核表面中的金属离子结合进行外延生长, 可以避免量子点核与壳层界面处原子 之间晶格应力较大, 减少外延结晶的壳层表面存在晶格缺陷。 此外, 由于有机 胺的氨基官能团具有偶极效应, 驱使壳层外延结晶时按照量子点核的晶向进行 生长, 从而使壳生长得到的壳层与量子点核的晶型一致, 进一步减少量子点核 表面原子与壳层之间的晶格缺陷。 在壳层生长结束后, 将壳层生长反应完成后 的体系继续与有机膦和 /或有机羧酸中的至少一种混合进行后续处理, 其中, 当 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合进行后续处理时, 有机膦与纳米晶 壳层表面的非金属元素进行结合, 钝化阴离子空位, 降低核壳纳米晶表面的缺 陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度; 当将壳层生长反应完成后的体 系与有机羧酸混合进行后续处理时, 有机羧酸能够有效消除核壳结构纳米晶壳 层表面连接的质子化的有机胺 (采用有机胺对量子点核进行修饰处理过程中, 部分有机胺脱落, 并在后续长壳过程中结合在生长的金属原子表面, 虽然大多 数有机胺在长壳过程中脱除, 但仍有部分有机胺结合在壳层金属原子表面未脱 除面; 未脱落的有机胺, 最终形成质子化的有机胺) , 减少核壳结构纳米晶表 面的带有电荷的有机胺配体, 进一步的减少了核壳结构纳米晶在发光时产生的 激子 (电子) 被表面带有电荷的有机胺配体给捕获掉, 因此该后处理所产生的 效果是能够进一步的增强核壳结构纳米晶的瞬态荧光寿命。
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0021] 为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例或示范性技术 描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅 是本申请的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动 的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
[0022] 图 1是本申请一实施例提供的核壳结构量子点的制备方法的流程示意图;
[0023] 图 2是本申请另一实施例提供的核壳结构量子点的制备方法的流程示意图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式 [0024] 为了使本申请的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图及实施例 , 对本申请进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以 解释本申请, 并不用于限定本申请。
[0025] 在本申请的描述中, 需要理解的是, 术语“第一”、 “第二”仅用于描述目的, 而 不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。 由 此, 限定有“第一”、 “第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特 征。 在本申请的描述中, “多个”的含义是两个或两个以上, 除非另有明确具体的 限定。
[0026] 第一方面, 如图 1所示, 本申请实施例提供了一种核壳结构量子点的制备方法 , 包括以下步骤:
[0027] S01.提供初始量子点核, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 使有机羧酸结 合到所述初始量子点核表面;
[0028] S02.在所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层, 其中, 在所述初始量子点核表面制备 壳层的步骤在含有机羧酸的壳层生长反应体系中进行;
[0029] S03.将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合并加热;
[0030] 或将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热;
[0031] 或将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热。
[0032] 本申请实施例提供的量子点的制备方法, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合 , 所述有机羧酸倾向于与初始量子点核阳离子表面结合, 使有机羧酸结合到所 述初始量子点核表面, 用于填补量子点核的阳离子空位, 降低核壳界面之间的 缺陷态, 为壳层的生长提供一个良好的外延界面。 同时, 所述有机羧酸还能起 到钝化量子点核表面的效果, 使得所述量子点核在升温至长壳温度的阶段, 不 会发生自熟化, 从而获得颗粒尺寸均匀的量子点。 在后续长壳过程中, 壳源阴 离子前驱体和壳源阳离子前驱体热解后的有机配体与壳层生长反应体系中有机 羧酸共同结合和到壳层表面, 使得制备得到的核壳结构量子点具有很好的单分 散性。
[0033] 在壳层生长结束后, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系继续与有机膦和 /或有机胺 中的至少一种混合进行后续处理, 其中, 当将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有 机膦混合进行后续处理时, 有机膦与纳米晶壳层表面的非金属元素进行结合, 钝化阴离子空位, 降低核壳纳米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子点 的荧光强度; 当将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机胺混合进行后续处理时, 有机胺能够与核壳结构量子点混合液中的残余的阳离子前驱体发生络合, 降低 阳离子前驱体的凝固点, 进而有利于后续对量子点的清洗和纯度, 使得制备得 到的量子点在用于制作成器件膜层时, 能够有效避免核壳结构量子点溶液中残 余的阳离子前驱体杂质对器件稳定性的影响, 并提高量子点固体膜的成膜质量
[0034] 具体的, 所述步骤 S01的一种实施方式中, 所述初始量子点核可选自 II/VI族量 子点核、 III/V族量子点核、 m/vi族量子点核和 imn/vi族量子点核中的至少一种 , 但不限于此。 作为举例, 所述 II/VI族量子点核可选自 CdS、 CdSe、 CdTe、 ZnS 、 ZnSe、 ZnTe、 HgS、 HgSe、 HgTe、 CdZnSe、 CdSSe、 ZnSSe、 ZnCdS、 ZnCdS e、 ZnSeS、 ZnCdTe、 ZnCdSSe、 ZnCdSeS和 ZnCdTeS, 但不限于此; 所述 III/V 族量子点核可选自 InAs、 InP、 GaAs、 GaP、 GaSb、
InSb、 AlAs、 A1P、 AlSb、 InGaAs、 GaAsP和 InAsP, 但不限于此; 作为举例, 所述 IIFVI族量子点核选自 InS、 In 2S 3 ' InSe、 In 2Se 3、 In 4Se 3、 In 2Se 3 、 InTe、 In 2Se 3、 GaS、 Ga 2Se 3、 GaSe、 Ga 2Se 3、 GaTe、 Ga 2Te 3, 但不限于此 ; 所述 II/III/VI族量子点核选自 CuInS、 CuInZnS和 CuInSeS, 但不限于此。 在一 些实施例中, 所述初始量子点核可选自 II/VI族量子点核。
[0035] 在一些实施例中, 所述初始量子点核为含有表面配体的初始量子点核。 所述表 面配体选自有机羧酸配体、 有机膦酸类配体、 有机膦配体、 膦氧类配体中的至 少一种。 具体的, 所述有机羧酸类配体优先选自但不限于油酸、 十四烷酸、 十 二烷酸中的至少一种; 所述有机膦酸类配体优先选自但不限于十八烷基膦酸、 十四烷基膦酸、 十二烷基中的至少一种; 所述有机膦配体优先选自但不限于三 辛基膦、 三丁基膦中的至少一种; 所述膦氧类配体优先选自但不限于三辛基氧 膦、 三丁基氧膦中的至少一种。
[0036] 所述步骤 S01中, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 所述有机羧酸倾向于 与初始量子点核阳离子表面结合, 使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面, 用于填补量子点核的阳离子空位, 降低核壳界面之间的缺陷态, 为壳层的生长 提供一个良好的外延界面。 同时, 所述有机羧酸还能起到钝化量子点核表面的 效果, 使得所述量子点核在升温至长壳温度的阶段, 不会发生自熟化, 从而获 得颗粒尺寸均匀的量子点。 在后续长壳过程中, 壳源阴离子前驱体和壳源阳离 子前驱体热解后的有机配体与壳层生长反应体系中有机羧酸共同结合和到壳层 表面, 使得制备得到的核壳结构量子点具有很好的单分散性。
[0037] 在一些实施例中, 所述有机羧酸选自碳原子个数为 8-18的有机羧酸, 此时, 具 有相对较小的空间位阻, 有利于有机羧酸结合到初始量子点核表面。 进一步的 , 所述有机羧酸选自含有单个羧基的直链有机羧酸, 直链有机羧酸有利于降低 空间位阻, 促进钝化的发生。 具体的, 所述有机羧酸可选自油酸、 十二烷酸、 十四烷酸、 十六烷酸、 十八烷酸中的至少一种。
[0038] 所述步骤 S01中, 在一些实施例中, 为有利于有机羧酸充分稳定地结合在所述 初始量子点核表面, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合的步骤中, 所述混合 的条件为: 将初始初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 在温度为 80-150°C的条件下加 热 20-60min, 使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面。
[0039] 所述步骤 S01中, 在一些实施例中, 将所述初始量子点核配置成溶液与所述有 机羧酸混合。 在一些实施例中, 为了使得初始量子点核在溶剂中均匀分散 (初 始量子点核单个呈现在溶液中且相互之间保持合适的距离) , 为初始量子点核 表面进行壳层生长提供好的条件, 获得分散性好、 厚度均匀的壳层, 所述初始 量子点核溶液中, 所述初始量子点核的质量与所述溶剂的体积比为 10mg: (5~1
5ml) °
[0040] 所述步骤 SOI中, 在一些实施例中, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合的步 骤中, 按照所述量子点核与所述有机竣酸的质量摩尔比为 10mg : (3~10mmol)
, 将所述初始量子点核分散到含有所述有机羧酸的溶液中, 对所述初始量子点 核进行表面修饰处理。 为使得所述有机羧酸能够充分结合到所述初始量子点核 上, 减少初始量子点核表面的缺陷态, 所述有机羧酸试剂可存在一定的过量, 但是, 所述有机羧酸试剂不能过量太多, 否则粘度过大, 会影响后续长壳速率 , 不利于壳层的形成。 [0041] 在其中一种实施方式中, 所述步骤 S02中, 在所述初始初始量子点核表面制备 壳层的步骤是在含有机羧酸的壳层生长反应体系中进行的。 具体的, 在其中一 种实施方式中, 当步骤 S01中加入的有机羧酸过量时, 所述壳层生长反应体系中 的有机羧酸来源于步骤 S01中, 即将所述初始初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 使 有机羧酸结合到所述初始初始量子点核表面的步骤中剩余的有机羧酸; 当步骤 S 01中加入的有机羧酸没有过量时, 或者, 虽然步骤 S01中加入的有机羧酸过量, 但是随着壳层生长的进行, 有机羧酸不够时, 还可以在所述初始量子点核表面 制备壳层的过程中向壳层生长反应体系中补充加入适量的有机羧酸, 以使有足 够量的羧酸结合到生长的壳层表面, 使得制备得到的量子点具有很好的单分散 性。 当然, 此处需要说明的是, 选择特定种类的壳源阴离子前驱体 (比如 Te、 S e、 S、 P等非金属单质与油酸形成的配合物前驱体) 和壳源阳离子前驱体 (油酸 锌、 油酸镉等) 热解后会产生有机羧酸配体, 正是由于热解后产生的这一部分 有机配体不足以充分修饰到 (特别是随着壳层厚度的增大) 生长的壳层表面, 因此需要在含有有机羧酸的壳层生长的反应体系中进行壳层生长, 所述含有有 机羧酸的壳层生长的反应体系中所述的有机羧酸来源于将所述初始量子点核与 有机羧酸混合, 使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面的步骤中剩余的有机 羧酸, 和 /或在壳层生长过程中, 向壳层生长反应体系中补充加入适量的有机羧 酸。
[0042] 在其中一种实施方式中, 所述步骤 S02中, 所述壳层生长反应体系是指在初始 初始量子点核表面生长壳层过程中所应用的反应材料体系; 本申请的实施例中 , 可以采用将壳源前驱体一次注入到含有初始量子点核的溶液中进行一次壳层 生长; 在又一本申请实施例中, 可以采用将壳源前驱体多次注入到含有初始量 子点核的溶液或者壳层生长的溶液体系中, 进行多个壳层的生长。 具体的, 在 所述所述初始量子点核中加入壳源前驱体进行第一次壳层生长, 制备第一壳层 ; 进一步的, 在所述第一壳层的基础上, 加入壳源前驱体进行第二次壳层生长 , 在所述第一壳层表面制备第二壳层; 如此反复, 经过 N次壳层生长, 制备第 N 层壳层。 在该实施方式中, 每一层壳层表面都结合有壳层生长反应体系中的有 机羧酸和壳源阴离子前驱体和壳源阳离子前驱体热解后的有机配体, 使得制备 得到每一壳层后, 材料都具有很好的单分散性, 有利于后续继续进行壳层生长 或者作为产品应用具有更好的分散性能。
[0043] 本申请实施例中, 所述壳源前驱体包括壳源阳离子前驱体和壳源阴离子前驱体 。 其中, 所述壳源阳离子前驱体为基于 Cd、 Zn、 Pb、 Ag、 Hg、 Fe、 In、 A1等金 属的氧化物或金属盐与有机羧酸形成的有机金属羧酸盐中的至少一种。 进一步 的, 所述壳源阳离子前驱体选自油酸锌、 油酸铅、 油酸银、 油酸汞、 油酸铟、 油酸铜、 油酸铁、 油酸锰、 油酸铝、 硬脂酸锌、 硬脂酸铅、 硬脂酸银、 硬脂酸 汞、 硬脂酸铟、 硬脂酸铜、 硬脂酸铁、 硬脂酸锰、 硬脂酸铝、 十四烷酸锌、 十 四烷酸铅、 十四烷酸银、 十四烷酸汞、 十四烷酸铟、 十四烷酸铜、 十四烷酸铁 、 十四烷酸锰、 十四烷酸铝、 十六烷酸锌、 十六烷酸铅、 十六烷酸银、 十六烷 酸汞、 十六烷酸铟、 十六烷酸铜、 十六烷酸铁、 十六烷酸锰、 十六烷酸铝、 十 二烷酸锌、 十二烷酸铅、 十二烷酸银、 十二烷酸汞、 十二烷酸铟、 十二烷酸铜 、 十二烷酸铁、 十二烷酸锰、 十二烷酸铝、 十八烷酸锌、 十八烷酸铅、 十八烷 酸银、 十八烷酸汞、 十八烷酸铟、 八二烷酸铜、 十八烷酸铁、 十八烷酸锰、 十 八烷酸铝中的至少一种, 但不限于此。 本申请实施例中, 将 Te、 Se、 S、 P等非 金属单质分散到有机分子中形成的阴离子配合物后, 制备得到所述壳源阴离子 前驱体。 当所述壳源阴离子前驱体为 Te、 Se、 S、 P等非金属单质与有机分子形 成的阴离子配合物时, 所述有机分子选自三辛基膦、 三丁基膦、 油酸、 十八烯 中的至少一种, 但不限于此。 本申请实施例中, 如所述阴离子前驱体为硫醇, 所述非金属原子的有机分子为含有单一官能团巯基 (-HS) 官能团的有机分子 ( 如: 十八硫醇、 十七硫醇、 十六硫醇、 十五硫醇、 十四硫醇、 十三硫醇、 十二 硫醇、 八硫醇等不限于此) 。
[0044] 本申请实施例中, 所述壳源的选择没有限制, 在一些实施例中应该满足使得到 的壳层的带隙大于初始量子点核的带隙。
[0045] 在一些实施例中, 本申请实施例中, 所述壳源阳离子前驱体选自 Cd、 Zn和 Pb 的有机金属羧酸盐中的至少一种, 所述壳源阴离子前驱体选自将 Te、 Se和 S单质 分散到有机分子中形成的阴离子配合物或者硫醇。
[0046] 本申请实施例中, 每次注入壳源进行壳层生长时, 壳层阳离子前驱体、 壳层阴 离子前驱体的添加顺序没有严格限定。 例如, 所述壳源为分散有壳层阳离子前 驱体和壳层阴离子前驱体的混合前驱体溶液; 添加所述壳源的方法可以为: 将 阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体分别注入溶剂中配置得到阳离子前驱体溶液和阴 离子前驱体溶液, 先注入壳层阳离子前驱体溶液后注入壳层阴离子前驱体溶液 ; 或者, 将阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体分别注入溶剂中配置得到阳离子前驱 体溶液和阴离子前驱体溶液, 先注入壳层阴离子前驱体溶液后注入壳层阳离子 前驱体溶液; 或者, 将阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体注入溶剂中配置得到含有 阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体的混合溶液, 将混合溶液注入到含有初始量子点 核的溶液或者壳层生长的溶液体系中。
[0047] 在一些实施例中, 所述有壳源阳离子前驱体溶液浓度范围为 (0.5-1.5mmol/ml ) ; 所述有壳源阴离子前驱体溶液浓度范围为 (0.5~1.5mmol/ml) 合适的浓度 有利于壳源阳离子前驱体和壳源阴离子前驱体均匀的结合在初始量子点核表面 , 结晶形成均匀稳定的壳层。
[0048] 在一些实施例中, 按所述壳源阳离子前驱体与所述初始量子点核的质量比为 ( l~1.5mmol) :10mg, 和 /或所述壳源阴离子前驱体与所述初始量子点核的质量比 为 (l~1.5mmol) :10mg的比例, 将所述壳源前驱体注入到含有初始量子点核的 溶液或者壳层生长的溶液体系中。 该方式有利于阴离子前驱体、 阳离子前驱体 在初始量子点核表面均匀稳定结合, 并获得厚度合适的壳层。
[0049] 进一步的, 在经修饰处理后的所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层的温度为 150~32 0°C, 在此温度范围内有利于阴阳离子前驱体结晶成壳, 且不会影响量子点的稳 定性。
[0050] 所述步骤 S03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 膦混合, 使所述有机膦与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 降低核壳纳 米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度。
[0051] 所述步骤 S03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 膦混合, 在温度为 100-320°C的条件下加热 10-60min 在所述条件下, 所述有机 膦与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 降低核壳纳米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度。 若有机膦与壳层生长反应完成后的溶 液体系混合处理温度过低和 /或时间过短, 则所述有机膦钝化阴离子空位的效果 不明显, 甚至不能发挥钝化作用, 进而不能提高核壳结构纳米晶的荧光强度; 若有机膦与壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系混合处理温度过高, 不仅有机膦容 易挥发, 影响修饰处理效果, 而且高温条件会影响核壳结构纳米晶本身结构的 稳定性。
[0052] 所述步骤 S03中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热的步骤中 , 在一些实施例中, 按照所述有机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5 mmol) : 10mg , 将所述核壳结构量子点分散到含有有机膦的溶液中。 若所述有机 膦的含量过低, 则其钝化阴离子空位的效果不明显, 难以显著提高核壳结构量 子点的荧光强度。 若所述有机膦的含量过高, 会影响核壳结构纳米晶在制备膜 层时的成膜性能。
[0053] 所述步骤 S03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机胺混 合, 使有机胺能够与壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系中剩余的壳源阳离子前驱 体发生络合, 从而降低溶液体系中剩余的壳源阳离子前驱体的凝固点, 进而有 利于后续对量子点混合液的清洗和纯度的提升, 使得制备得到的量子点在用于 制作成器件膜层时, 能够有效避免核壳结构量子点溶液中残余的阳离子前驱体 杂质对器件稳定性的影响, 并提高量子点固体膜的成膜质量。
[0054] 所述步骤 S03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 胺混合, 在温度为 80-320°C的条件下加热 10-60min。 在所述条件下, 所述有机胺 与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 降低溶液体系中剩余的壳源阳离子 前驱体的凝固点, 进而提高核壳结构量子点的纯度。 若壳层生长反应完成后的 溶液体系与有机胺混合温度过低和 /或时间过短, 则所述有机胺络合剩余阳离子 前驱体的效果不明显, 进而不能提高核壳结构量子点的纯度; 若温度过高和 /或 时间过长, 则高温条件会影响核壳结构量子点本身结构的稳定性, 如配体脱落 等。
[0055] 所述步骤 S03中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机胺混合, 使所述有机胺 结合到所述壳层表面的步骤中, 在一些实施例中, 按照所述有机胺与所述初始 量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5~10mmol) : 10mg , 将所述核壳结构量子点分散到含 有有机胺的溶液中。 若所述有机胺的含量过低, 则其改善核壳结构量子点的纯 度的效果不明显。 若所述有机胺的含量过高, 与核壳结构量子点混合液中的残 余的阳离子前驱体发生络合后剩余的有机胺, 与核壳结构量子点表面的配体发 生交换, 而由于有机胺配体本身不稳定 (被交换下来的有机羧酸在清洗过程中 去除) , 容易脱落, 因此, 脱落位置会引入缺陷, 降低核壳结构量子点的光热 稳定性、 荧光强度和溶解性。
[0056] 具体在一些实施例中, 作为后处理试剂的所述有机胺自碳原子个数为 8-18的有 机胺。 进一步的, 所述有机胺试剂选自含有单个氨基的直链有机胺, 直链有机 胺有利于降低空间位阻, 促进有机胺结合到所述壳层表面。 具体的, 所述有机 胺试剂可选自油胺、 三辛胺、 十二烷胺、 十四烷胺、 十六烷胺、 十八烷胺中的 至少一种。
[0057] 所述步骤 S03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合, 使所述有机膦、 有机胺与量子点壳层表面的非金 属原子进行结合, 提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度和纯度。
[0058] 所述步骤 S03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合, 在温度为 80-320°C的条件下加热 10-90min。 在所述 条件下, 所述有机胺、 有机膦与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 提高 核壳结构量子点的纯度和荧光强度。 若壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合温度过低和 /或时间过短, 则所述有机胺、 有机膦络 合剩余阳离子前驱体的效果不明显, 进而不能提高核壳结构量子点的纯度和荧 光强度; 若温度过高和 /或时间过长, 则高温条件会影响核壳结构量子点本身结 构的稳定性, 如配体脱落等。
[0059] 所述步骤 S03中, 将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶 液混合并加热的步骤中, 按所述有机胺与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5 -lOmmol) : 10mg、 所述有机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5mmol ) :10mg , 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合 。 所述有机膦、 有机胺含量的影响如前文所述。
[0060] 第二方面, 如图 2所示, 本申请实施例提供了一种量子点核壳结构纳米晶的制 备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0061] E01.提供初始量子点核, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 使有机胺结合到 所述初始量子点核表面;
[0062] E02.在所述初始量子点核表面进行壳层生长反应, 制备壳层;
[0063] E03.将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机羧酸混合并加热;
[0064] 或将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热;
[0065] 或将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热
[0066] 本申请实施例提供的量子点的制备方法, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 所述有机胺结合到所述初始量子点核表面, 用于填补初始量子点核的阳离子空 位, 降低核壳界面之间的缺陷态, 为壳层的生长提供一个良好的外延界面。 进 一步的, 由于有机胺与量子点核表面金属原子的结合力相对较弱, 所以有机胺 仅需要较少的能量就能从前一壳层表面的金属原子脱吸附, 在后续壳层生长过 程中, 壳源前驱体中的阴离子更容易与核表面中的金属离子结合进行外延生长 , 可以避免量子点核与壳层界面处原子之间晶格应力较大, 减少外延结晶的壳 层表面存在晶格缺陷。 此外, 由于有机胺的氨基官能团具有偶极效应, 驱使壳 层外延结晶时按照量子点核的晶向进行生长, 从而使壳生长得到的壳层与量子 点核的晶型一致, 进一步减少量子点核表面原子与壳层之间的晶格缺陷。
[0067] 在壳层生长结束后, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系继续与有机膦和 /或有机羧 酸中的至少一种混合进行后续处理, 其中, 当将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与 有机膦混合进行后续处理时, 有机膦与纳米晶壳层表面的非金属元素进行结合 , 钝化阴离子空位, 降低核壳纳米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子 点的荧光强度; 当将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机羧酸混合进行后续处理 时, 有机羧酸能够有效消除核壳结构纳米晶壳层表面连接的质子化的有机胺 ( 采用有机胺对量子点核进行修饰处理过程中, 部分有机胺脱落, 并在后续长壳 过程中结合在生长的金属原子表面, 虽然大多数有机胺在长壳过程中脱除, 但 仍有部分有机胺结合在壳层金属原子表面未脱除面; 未脱落的有机胺, 最终形 成质子化的有机胺) , 减少核壳结构纳米晶表面的带有电荷的有机胺配体, 进 一步的减少了核壳结构纳米晶在发光时产生的激子 (电子) 被表面带有电荷的 有机胺配体给捕获掉, 因此该后处理所产生的效果是能够进一步的增强核壳结 构纳米晶的瞬态変光寿命。
[0068] 具体的, 所述步骤 E01的一种实施方式中, 所述初始量子点核可选自 II/VI族量 子点核、 III/V族量子点核、 m/vi族量子点核和 imn/vi族量子点核中的至少一种 , 但不限于此。 作为举例, 所述 II/VI族量子点核可选自 CdS、 CdSe、 CdTe、 ZnS 、 ZnSe、 ZnTe、 HgS、 HgSe、 HgTe、 CdZnSe、 CdSSe、 ZnSSe、 ZnCdS、 ZnCdS e、 ZnSeS、 ZnCdTe、 ZnCdSSe、 ZnCdSeS和 ZnCdTeS, 但不限于此; 所述 III/V 族量子点核可选自 InAs、 InP、 GaAs、 GaP、 GaSb、
InSb、 AlAs、 A1P、 AlSb、 InGaAs、 GaAsP和 InAsP, 但不限于此; 作为举例, 所述 IIFVI族量子点核选自 InS、 In 2S 3 ' InSe、 In 2Se 3、 In 4Se 3、 In 2Se 3 、 InTe、 In 2Se 3、 GaS、 Ga 2Se 3、 GaSe、 Ga 2Se 3、 GaTe、 Ga 2Te 3, 但不限于此 ; 所述 II/III/VI族量子点核选自 CuInS、 CuInZnS和 CuInSeS, 但不限于此。 在一 些实施例中, 所述初始量子点核可选自 II/VI族量子点核。
[0069] 在一些实施例中, 所述初始量子点核为含有表面配体的初始量子点核。 所述表 面配体选自有机羧酸配体、 有机膦酸类配体、 有机膦配体、 膦氧类配体中的至 少一种。 具体的, 所述有机羧酸类配体优先选自但不限于油酸、 十四烷酸、 十 二烷酸中的至少一种; 所述有机膦酸类配体优先选自但不限于十八烷基膦酸、 十四烷基膦酸、 十二烷基中的至少一种; 所述有机膦配体优先选自但不限于三 辛基膦、 三丁基膦中的至少一种; 所述膦氧类配体优先选自但不限于三辛基氧 膦、 三丁基氧膦中的至少一种。
[0070] 所述步骤 E01中, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 所述有机胺倾向于与初 始量子点核阳离子表面结合, 使有机胺结合到所述初始量子点核表面, 用于填 补初始量子点核的阳离子空位, 降低核壳界面之间的缺陷态, 减少外延结晶的 壳层表面存在晶格缺陷。
[0071] 在一些实施例中, 所述有机胺选自碳原子个数为 8-18的有机胺, 此时, 具有相 对较小的空间位阻, 有利于有机胺结合到初始量子点核表面。 在一些实施例中 , 所述有机胺选自含有单个氨基的直链有机胺, 直链有机胺有利于降低空间位 阻, 促进修饰的发生。 具体的, 所述有机胺试剂可选自油胺、 三辛胺、 十二烷 胺、 十四烷胺、 十六烷胺、 十八烷胺中的至少一种。
[0072] 所述步骤 E01中, 在一些实施例中, 在一些实施例中, 为有利于有机胺充分稳 定地结合在所述初始量子点核表面, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合的步骤 中, 所述混合的条件为: 将初始初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 在温度为 80-150°C 的条件下, 20-60min, 时有机胺结合到所述初始量子点核的表面。
[0073] 所述步骤 E01中, 在一些实施例中, 将所述初始量子点核配置成溶液与所述有 机胺混合。 在一些实施例中, 为了使得初始量子点核在溶剂中均匀分散 (初始 量子点核单个呈现在溶液中且相互之间保持合适的距离) , 为初始量子点核表 面进行壳层生长提供好的条件, 获得分散性好、 厚度均匀的壳层, 所述初始量 子点核溶液中, 所述初始量子点核的质量与所述溶剂的体积比为 10mg: (5~15 ml) °
[0074] 所述步骤 E01中, 在一些实施例中, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合的步骤 中, 按照所述量子点核与所述有机胺的质量摩尔比为 10mg : (3~10mmol) , 将 所述初始量子点核分散到含有所述有机胺的溶液中, 对所述初始量子点核进行 表面修饰处理。 为使得所述有机胺能够充分结合到所述初始量子点核上, 减少 初始量子点核表面的缺陷态, 所述有机胺可存在一定的过量, 但是, 所述有机 胺不能过量太多, 否则粘度过大, 会影响后续长壳速率, 不利于壳层的形成。
[0075] 上述步骤 E02中, 在所述初始量子点核表面进行壳层生长反应, 制备壳层。 申 请的实施例中, 可以采用将壳源前驱体一次注入到含有初始量子点核的溶液中 进行一次壳层生长; 在又一本申请实施例中, 可以采用将壳源前驱体多次注入 到含有初始量子点核的溶液或者壳层生长的溶液体系中, 进行多个壳层的生长 。 具体的, 在所述所述初始量子点核中加入壳源前驱体进行第一次壳层生长, 制备第一壳层; 进一步的, 在所述第一壳层的基础上, 加入壳源前驱体进行第 二次壳层生长, 在所述第一壳层表面制备第二壳层; 如此反复, 经过 N次壳层生 长, 制备第 N层壳层。 在该实施方式中, 每一层壳层表面都结合有壳层生长反应 体系中的有机羧酸和壳源阴离子前驱体和壳源阳离子前驱体热解后的有机配体 , 使得制备得到每一壳层后, 材料都具有很好的单分散性, 有利于后续继续进 行壳层生长或者作为产品应用具有更好的分散性能。
[0076] 本申请实施例中, 所述壳源前驱体包括壳源阳离子前驱体和壳源阴离子前驱体 。 其中, 所述壳源阳离子前驱体为基于 Cd、 Zn、 Pb、 Ag、 Hg、 Fe、 In、 A1等金 属的氧化物或金属盐与有机羧酸形成的有机金属羧酸盐中的至少一种。 在一些 实施例中, 所述壳源阳离子前驱体选自油酸锌、 油酸铅、 油酸银、 油酸汞、 油 酸铟、 油酸铜、 油酸铁、 油酸锰、 油酸铝、 硬脂酸锌、 硬脂酸铅、 硬脂酸银、 硬脂酸汞、 硬脂酸铟、 硬脂酸铜、 硬脂酸铁、 硬脂酸锰、 硬脂酸铝、 十四烷酸 锌、 十四烷酸铅、 十四烷酸银、 十四烷酸汞、 十四烷酸铟、 十四烷酸铜、 十四 烷酸铁、 十四烷酸锰、 十四烷酸铝、 十六烷酸锌、 十六烷酸铅、 十六烷酸银、 十六烷酸汞、 十六烷酸铟、 十六烷酸铜、 十六烷酸铁、 十六烷酸锰、 十六烷酸 铝、 十二烷酸锌、 十二烷酸铅、 十二烷酸银、 十二烷酸汞、 十二烷酸铟、 十二 烷酸铜、 十二烷酸铁、 十二烷酸锰、 十二烷酸铝、 十八烷酸锌、 十八烷酸铅、 十八烷酸银、 十八烷酸汞、 十八烷酸铟、 八二烷酸铜、 十八烷酸铁、 十八烷酸 锰、 十八烷酸铝中的至少一种, 但不限于此。 本申请实施例中, 将 Te、 Se、 S、
P等非金属单质分散到有机分子中形成的阴离子配合物后, 制备得到所述壳源阴 离子前驱体。 当所述壳源阴离子前驱体为 Te、 Se、 S、 P等非金属单质与有机分 子形成的阴离子配合物时, 所述有机分子选自三辛基膦、 三丁基膦、 油酸、 十 八烯中的至少一种, 但不限于此。 本申请实施例中, 如所述阴离子前驱体为硫 醇, 所述非金属原子的有机分子为含有单一官能团巯基 (-HS) 官能团的有机分 子 (如: 十八硫醇、 十七硫醇、 十六硫醇、 十五硫醇、 十四硫醇、 十三硫醇、 十二硫醇、 八硫醇等不限于此) 。
[0077] 本申请实施例中, 所述壳源的选择没有限制, 在一些实施例中应该满足使得到 的壳层的带隙大于初始量子点核的带隙。
[0078] 在一些实施例中, 本申请实施例中, 所述壳源阳离子前驱体选自 Cd、 Zn和 Pb 的有机金属羧酸盐中的至少一种, 所述壳源阴离子前驱体选自将 Te、 Se和 S单质 分散到有机分子中形成的阴离子配合物或者硫醇。
[0079] 本申请实施例中, 每次注入壳源进行壳层生长时, 壳层阳离子前驱体、 壳层阴 离子前驱体的添加顺序没有严格限定。 例如, 所述壳源为分散有壳层阳离子前 驱体和壳层阴离子前驱体的混合前驱体溶液; 添加所述壳源的方法可以为: 将 阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体分别注入溶剂中配置得到阳离子前驱体溶液和阴 离子前驱体溶液, 先注入壳层阳离子前驱体溶液后注入壳层阴离子前驱体溶液 ; 或者, 将阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体分别注入溶剂中配置得到阳离子前驱 体溶液和阴离子前驱体溶液, 先注入壳层阴离子前驱体溶液后注入壳层阳离子 前驱体溶液; 或者, 将阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体注入溶剂中配置得到含有 阳离子前驱体和阴离子前驱体的混合溶液, 将混合溶液注入到含有初始量子点 核的溶液或者壳层生长的溶液体系中。
[0080] 在一些实施例中, 所述有壳源阳离子前驱体溶液浓度范围为 (0.5-1.5mmol/ml ) ; 所述有壳源阴离子前驱体溶液浓度范围为 (0.5~1.5mmol/ml) 合适的浓度 有利于壳源阳离子前驱体和壳源阴离子前驱体均匀的结合在初始量子点核表面 , 结晶形成均匀稳定的壳层。
[0081] 在一些实施例中, 按所述壳源阳离子前驱体与所述初始量子点核的质量比为 ( l~1.5mmol) :10mg, 和 /或所述壳源阴离子前驱体与所述初始量子点核的质量比 为 (l~1.5mmol) :10mg的比例, 将所述壳源前驱体注入到含有初始量子点核的 溶液或者壳层生长的溶液体系中。 该方式有利于阴离子前驱体、 阳离子前驱体 在初始量子点核表面均匀稳定结合, 并获得厚度合适的壳层。
[0082] 在一些实施例中, 在经修饰处理后的所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层的温度为 150~320°C, 在此温度范围内有利于阴阳离子前驱体结晶成壳, 且不会影响量子 点的稳定性。
[0083] 上述步骤 E03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶佼体系与有机 膦混合, 使所述有机膦与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 降低核壳纳 米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度。
[0084] 所述步骤 E03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶佼体系与有机 膦混合, 在温度为 100-320°C的条件下加热 10-60min 在所述条件下, 所述有机 膦与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 降低核壳纳米晶表面的缺陷态, 进一步提高核壳结构量子点的荧光强度。 若有机膦与壳层生长反应完成后的溶 液体系混合处理温度过低和 /或时间过短, 则所述有机膦钝化阴离子空位的效果 不明显, 甚至不能发挥钝化作用, 进而不能提高核壳结构纳米晶的荧光强度; 若有机膦与壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系混合处理温度过高, 不仅有机膦容 易挥发, 影响修饰处理效果, 而且高温条件会影响核壳结构纳米晶本身结构的 稳定性。
[0085] 所述步骤 E03中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热的步骤中 , 在一些实施例中, 按照所述有机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5 mmol) : 10mg , 将所述核壳结构量子点分散到含有有机膦的溶液中。 若所述有机 膦的含量过低, 则其钝化阴离子空位的效果不明显, 难以显著提高核壳结构量 子点的荧光强度。 若所述有机膦的含量过高, 会影响核壳结构纳米晶在制备膜 层时的成膜性能。
[0086] 所述步骤 E03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机羧酸 混合, 使有机羧酸能够与壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系中剩余的壳源阳离子 前驱体发生络合, 消除核壳结构纳米晶壳层表面连接有质子化的有机胺, 增强 核壳结构纳米晶的瞬态変光寿命。
[0087] 所述步骤 E03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶佼体系与有机 羧酸混合, 在温度为 240-320°C的条件下加热 30-90min。 在所述条件下, 所述有 机羧酸与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 增强核壳结构纳米晶的瞬态 荧光寿命。 若壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机羧酸混合温度过低和 /或时 间过短, 则所述有机羧酸络合剩余阳离子前驱体的效果不明显, 进而不能提高 增强核壳结构纳米晶的瞬态荧光寿命; 若温度过高和 /或时间过长, 则高温条件 会影响核壳结构量子点本身结构的稳定性, 如配体脱落等。
[0088] 所述步骤 E03中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机羧酸混合, 使所述有机 羧酸结合到所述壳层表面的步骤中, 在一些实施例中, 按照所述有机羧酸与所 述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5~10mmol) : 10mg , 将所述核壳结构量子点分 散到含有有机羧酸的溶液中。 若所述有机羧酸的含量过低, 则其消除核壳结构 纳米晶壳层表面连接的质子化的有机胺的效果不明显, 难以显著增强纳米晶的 瞬态荧光寿命。 若所述有机膦的含量过高, 则得到的量子点用于器件功能层如 量子点发光层时, 膜层成膜性能降低, 进而影响器件的发光性能。 [0089] 具体在一些实施例中, 所述有机酸自碳原子个数为 8-18的有机酸。 在一些实施 例中, 所述有机酸试剂选自含有单个氨基的直链有机酸, 直链胺有利于降低空 间位阻, 促进络合作用的发生。 具体的, 所述有机酸试剂可选自油酸、 十二烷 酸、 十四烷酸、 十六烷酸、 十八烷酸中的至少一种。
[0090] 所述步骤 E03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶佼体系与有机 羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合, 使所述有机膦、 有机羧酸与量子点壳层表面的 非金属原子进行结合。 所述有机膦与纳米晶壳层表面的非金属原子进行配位结 合, 进一步钝化阴离子空位, 降低核壳结构纳米晶表面的缺陷态, 提高核壳结 构纳米晶的荧光强度。 所述有机酸对所述核壳结构纳米晶进行后处理时, 能够 有效消除核壳结构纳米晶壳层表面连接的质子化的有机胺, 增强纳米晶的瞬态 荧光寿命。 同时, 所述有机酸和有所述机磷在核壳结构纳米晶表面形成相互交 错的配体与纳米晶表面的金属和非金属原子结合在一起, 相互交错的配体会进 一步的增强纳米晶的溶解性和稳定性。 此外, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体 系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合时, 所述有机羧酸能够促使核壳量子点 表面结晶不稳定的部分壳体分解。 分解后得到的金属原子与有机羧酸再次形成 金属阳离子前躯体, 而分解后得到的阴离子与有机膦再次形成阴离子前躯体。 进一步的, 所述后处理过程中再次形成的阴、 阳离子前躯体会在核壳量子点表 面进行再次壳层生长, 而再次形成的壳层生长时颗粒小的核壳量子点由于相对 体表面大、 生长速率快优先进行再次长壳, 因此最终体现的效果是核壳量子点 的尺寸相对均一性较好。
[0091] 所述步骤 E03中, 在一种实施例中, 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机 胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合, 在温度为 100-320°C的条件下加热 10-60min。 在所 述条件下, 所述有机羧酸、 有机膦与量子点壳层表面的非金属原子进行结合, 提高核壳结构量子点的瞬态荧光寿命和荧光强度。 若壳层生长反应完成后的溶 液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合温度过低和 /或时间过短, 则所述有 机胺、 有机膦络合剩余阳离子前驱体的效果不明显, 进而不能提高核壳结构量 子点的瞬态荧光寿命和荧光强度; 若温度过高和 /或时间过长, 则高温条件会影 响核壳结构量子点本身结构的稳定性, 如配体脱落等。 [0092] 所述步骤 E03中, 将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合 溶液混合并加热的步骤中, 按所述有机羧酸与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比 为 (5~10mmol) : 10mg、 所述有机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5 mmol) : 10mg , 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶 液混合。 所述有机膦、 有机羧酸含量的影响如前文所述。
[0093] 本申请实施例还提供了一种由上述方法制备得到的核壳结构量子点。
[0094] 在申请实施例中, 本申请实施例提供了核壳结构量子点在光学器件、 光学膜、 核壳结构量子点墨水、 胶水、 生物探针等领域的应用。
[0095] 在一些实施例中, 所述光学器件包括但不限于量子点发光二极管、 量子点敏化 电池。
[0096] 在一些实施例中, 所述光学膜包括但不限于量子点发光阻隔膜、 量子点发光管 等。
[0097] 在一些实施例中, 所述核壳结构量子点墨水包括但不限于为量子点与其它不同 化学溶剂按照不同的比例进行组合而成的墨水。
[0098] 在一些实施例中, 所述胶水包括但不限于核壳结构量子点与其它不同化学试剂 按照不同的粘度比例组合而成的胶水。
[0099] 在一些实施例中, 所述的一种生物探针为量子点表面修饰有特定的物质而成的
[0100] 下面结合具体实施例进行说明。
[0101] 实施例 1
[0102] 一种量子点的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0103] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的制备,
[0104] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0105] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0106] 13) CdSe初始量子点的制备: 在将 Se前躯体注入前, 向 11) 中注入 lml的三辛 基膦溶液, 待溶液温度回复升温到 380°C时, 注入 Se前躯体反应 30 s , 然后注入 10ml的十八稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗;
[0107] 14) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行离心 分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用。
[0108] 2.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理,
[0109] 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初始量子点溶液 2 ml加入到含有 lml 油酸和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 加热到 150°C排气 20 min在将 CdSe溶液的温度升高 到 300oC。
[0110] 3. CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点的制备,
[0111] 31) ZnS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸锌前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十八硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0112] 32) ZnS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 ZnS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率注 入到经步骤 2) 制备得到的的 CdSe初始量子点核初始初始量子点核溶液中进行长 壳, 注入时间为 80min;
[0113] 33) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0114] 4.CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点的提纯。
[0115] 向步骤 3) 制备得到的量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/ZnS 量子点溶液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点溶液再次分散在适量 的氯仿溶液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离 , 此步骤重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0116] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点溶解性得到提高, 相应的效果是 CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点的单分散性得到提高能够; 紫外可见荧光光谱测试 CdSe/Zn S溶液 (浓度 0.05mg/ml) 的吸光度, 其中吸光度值的范围为 0.86~1.53。
[0117] 实施例 2
[0118] 一种核壳结构量子点的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0119] l.CdS初始量子点核的制备如下: [0120] 11) 油酸镉{Cd(OA)2}前躯体的制备,
[0121] 在三口烧瓶中加入氧化镉 (CdO) lmmol、 油酸 (OA) 4
ml、 十八烯 (ODE) 10 ml先常温抽真空 30 mins, 然后在加热到 180°C排氩气 60 mins , 然后维持 180°C抽真空 30 mins , 冷却至室温备用;
[0122] 12) 硒 (Se) 前驱体的制备: 称 lOmmol的 Se加入到 10ml的三辛基氧膦 (TOP
) 中, 加热到 170°C维持 30min, 然后降温到 140°C;
[0123] 13) 硫(S-TOP)前驱体的制备: 称 20mmol的 S加入到 10ml的三辛基氧膦 (TOP
) 中, 加热到 170°C维持 30min, 然后降温到 140°C;
[0124] 14)硫 (S-ODE) 前驱体的制备: 称量 5mmol的 S加入到 10ml的十八烯 (ODE) 中, 加热到 110°C维持 60min, 然后保温在 110°C;
[0125] 15) 将步骤 11) 中的油酸镉{Cd(OA)2
}前躯体加热到 250°C, 抽取步骤 14) 中 2ml的 S-ODE前驱体注入到三口烧瓶中反 应 10min, 制备得到 CdS初始量子点核, 通过离心分离干燥将制备得到的 CdS初 始量子点核分散在正己焼中。
[0126] 2.CdS/CdSe核壳量子点的制备如下:
[0127] 21) CdSe壳源的制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 Se-TOP—起分散 在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后搅拌备用。
[0128] 22) 取 10
mg的 CdS初始量子点核分散在 lml的 OA和 10ml的 ODE中先常温排气 20min, 然后 加热到 300°C,
[0129] 23) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 21) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到步骤 1) 中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min
[0130] 24) 向步骤 23) 中制备好的 CdS/CdSe核壳量子点混合液中添加沉淀剂, 通过离 心分离干燥将制备得到的 CdS/CdSe核壳结构量子点分散在正己烷中。
[0131] 3.油溶性红色 CdS/CdSe/CdS的制备如下:
[0132] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十二硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用。 [0133] 32) 取 10 mg的 CdS/CdSe核壳结构量子点分散在 lml的 OA和 10ml的 ODE中先常 温排气 20min, 然后加热到 300°C,
[0134] 33) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到步骤 2) 中的 CdS/CdSe核壳结构量子点量子点溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为
80min°
[0135] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子点溶 液冷却至室温。
[0136] 4.油溶性红色 CdS/CdSe/CdS的提纯。
[0137] 41) 向步骤 3) 中的量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdS/CdSe/Cd 量子阱量子点溶液进行离心离, 将离心得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子阱量子点溶液 再次分散在适量的氯仿溶液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进 行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤重复一次; 最终得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子阱量子点进 行真空干燥。
[0138] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子点溶解性得到提高, 相应的效 果是 CdS/CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的单分散性得到提高能够; 紫外可见荧光光谱测 试 CdS/CdSe/CdS溶液 (浓度 0.05mg/ml) 的吸光度, 其中吸光度值的范围为 0.85~ 1.62。
[0139] 实施例 3
[0140] 一种核壳结构量子点的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0141] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的制备,
[0142] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0143] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0144] 13) CdSe量子点的制备: 将步骤 12) 中的 Se前躯体注入前, 向步骤 11) 中注入 lml的三辛基膦溶液, 待溶液温度回复升温到 380°C时注入 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然 后注入 10ml的十八稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗; [0145] 14) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行离心 分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用。
[0146] 2.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理
[0147] CdSe初始量子点核的分散处理: 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初 始量子点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油酸和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 将 CdSe初始量子点溶 液加热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后再将 CdSe溶液的 温度升高到 300°C。
[0148] 3. CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备,
[0149] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十二硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0150] 32) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到步骤 2) 中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min ;
[0151] 33) 待循环长壳生长结束后, 向混合液中添加 5mmol的油胺的混合液在 300°C 下熟化处理 60min ;
[0152] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0153] 4.CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0154] 向步骤 3) 中的量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/CdS量子点 溶液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿 溶液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步 骤重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0155] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点的荧光强度有所减弱但制备成器 件后的稳定性有所提高。 通过荧光光谱仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下 C dSe/CdS溶液的量子产率 (QY) , 其中 QY值的范围为 70~79% ; 测试 30天后 QLE D器件的外量子效率 (EQE) 降低了
Figure imgf000026_0001
[0156] 实施例 4
[0157] 一种核壳结构量子点的制备方法, 包括以下步骤: [0158] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的制备,
[0159] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0160] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0161] 13) CdSe量子点的制备: 将步骤 12) 中的 Se前驱体注入前, 向 11) 中注入 lml 的三辛基膦溶液, 待溶液温度回复升温到 380°C时注入 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然后 注入 10ml的十八稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗;
[0162] 14) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行离心 分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用。
[0163] 2.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理
[0164] CdSe初始量子点核的分散处理: 取 1中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初始量子 点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油酸和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 首先对 CdSe初始量子点溶液 力口热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后在将 CdSe溶液的温 度升高到 300°C。
[0165] 3. CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备,
[0166] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十二硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0167] 32) CdS壳层的生长: 取 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴加到
2中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0168] 33) 待循环长壳生长结束后, 向混合液中添力 P5mmol的三辛基膦在 300°C下熟 化处理 60min;
[0169] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0170] 4.CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0171] 向步骤 3) 中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/CdS量子点溶 液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿溶 液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤 重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0172] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点能够进一步的提升量子点的荧光 强度。 通过荧光光谱仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下溶液的量子产率 (Q Y) 其中 QY值的范围为 78~89%。
[0173] 实施例 5
[0174] 一种核壳结构量子点的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0175] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的制备,
[0176] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0177] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0178] 13) CdSe量子点的制备: 将 12) 中的 Se前驱体注入前, 向步骤 11) 中注入 lml 的三辛基膦溶液, 待溶液温度回复升温到 380°C时注入 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然后 注入 10ml的十八稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗;
[0179] 14) CdSe量子点的清洗提纯: 向量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行离心分离 量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用。
[0180] 2.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理
[0181] CdSe初始量子点核的分散处理: 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初 始量子点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油酸和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 将 CdSe初始量子点溶 液加热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后再将 CdSe溶液的 温度升高到 300°C。
[0182] 3. CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备,
[0183] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十八硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用; [0184] 32) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到步骤 2) 中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0185] 33) 待循环长壳生长结束后, 向混合液中添力 P lml油胺的 2mmol的三丁基膦混 合液在 300°C下熟化处理 60min ;
[0186] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/CdS初始量子点溶 液冷却至室温。
[0187] 4.CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0188] 向步骤 3) 中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/CdS量子点溶 液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿溶 液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤 重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0189] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点能够提升稳定性。 通过荧光光谱 仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下放置 30天后溶液的量子产率 (QY) 其中 QY值的范围为 83~91%。
[0190] 实施例 6
[0191] 一种核壳结构纳米晶的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0192] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的制备,
[0193] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0194] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0195] 13) CdSe初始量子点的制备: 向步骤 11) 中注入 lml的三辛基膦溶液, 待溶液 温度回复升温到 380°C时注入步骤 12) 中的 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然后注入 10ml的 十八稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗;
[0196] 4) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向初始量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行 离心分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用 [0197] 2.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理,
[0198] CdSe初始量子点核的分散处理: 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初 始量子点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油胺和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 首先对 CdSe初始量子 点溶液加热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后在将 CdSe溶 液的温度升高到 300°C。
[0199] 3. CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点的制备,
[0200] 31) ZnS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸锌前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十八硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0201] 32) ZnS壳层的生长: 取步骤 1) 中制备好的 ZnS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴加 到 2中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0202] 33) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0203] 4.CdSe/ZnS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0204] 向步骤 3) 中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/ZnS量子点溶 液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿溶 液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤 重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/ZnS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0205] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点减少了壳层生长时壳层缺陷的产 生, 相应的效果是 CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光强度得到提高能够; 通过荧光光 谱仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下溶液的量子产率 (QY) , 其中 QY值的 范围为 78~83%。
[0206] 实施例 7
[0207] 一种核壳结构纳米晶的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0208] l.CdS初始量子点的制备如下:
[0209] 11) 油酸镉{Cd(OA)2}前躯体的制备,
[0210] 在三口烧瓶中加入氧化镉 (CdO) lmmol、 油酸 (OA) 4
ml、 十八烯 (ODE) 10 ml先常温抽真空 30 mins, 然后在加热到 180°C排氩气 60 mins , 然后维持 180°C抽真空 30 mins , 冷却至室温备用;
[0211] 12) 硒 (Se) 前驱体的制备,
[0212] 称 lOmmol的 Se加入到 10ml的三辛基氧膦 (TOP) 中, 加热到 170°C维持 30min , 然后降温到 140°C;
[0213] 13) 硫(S-TOP)前驱体的制备,
[0214] 称 20mmol的 S加入到 10ml的三辛基氧膦 (TOP) 中, 加热到 170°C维持 30min, 然后降温到 140°C;
[0215] I4)硫 (S-ODE) 前驱体的制备,
[0216] 称量 5mmol的 S加入到 10ml的十八烯 (ODE) 中, 加热到 110°C维持 60min, 然 后保温在 110°c;
[0217] 15) 将 11) 中的油酸镉{Cd(OA)2
}前躯体加热到 250°C, 抽取步骤 14) 中 2ml的 S-ODE前驱体注入到三口烧瓶中反 应 10min制备得到 CdS量子点核, 通过离心分离干燥将制备得到的 CdS初始量子 点核分散在正己烷中。
[0218] 2.CdS/CdSe核壳量子点的制备如下,
[0219] 21) CdSe壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 Se-TOP—起分散 在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后搅拌备用;
[0220] 22) 取 10
mg的 CdS初始量子点核分散在 lml的 OAm和 10ml的 ODE中先常温排气 20min, 然 后加热到 300°C;
[0221] 23) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 21) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到 1中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0222] 24) 向 CdS/CdSe核壳量子点混合液中添加沉淀剂, 通过离心分离干燥将制备得 到的 CdS/CdSe初始量子点核分散在正己烷中。
[0223] 3.CdS/CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备如下,
[0224] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十二硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用; [0225] 32) 取 10
mg的 CdS/CdSe量子点分散在 lml的 OAm和 10ml的 ODE中先常温排气 20min, 然后 加热到 300°C;
[0226] 33) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到 1中的 CdS/CdSe量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0227] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子点溶 液冷却至室温。
[0228] 4. CdS/CdSe/CdS量子阱量子点的提纯,
[0229] 向步骤 3) 中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdS/CdSe/Cd量子阱 量子点溶液进行离心离, 将离心得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子阱量子点溶液再次分 散在适量的氯仿溶液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀 离心分离, 此步骤重复一次; 最终得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子阱量子点进行真空 干燥。
[0230] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdS/CdSe/CdS量子点减少了壳层生长时壳层缺陷 的产生, 相应的效果是 CdS/CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光强度得到提高能够; 通 过荧光光谱仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下溶液的量子产率 (QY) , 其 中 QY值的范围为 75~85%。
[0231] 实施例 8
[0232] 一种核壳结构纳米晶的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0233] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 量子点核的制备,
[0234] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0235] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0236] 13) CdSe初始量子点的制备: 向步骤 11) 中注入 lml的三辛基膦溶液, 待溶液 温度回复升温到 380°C时注入步骤 12) 中的 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然后注入 10ml的 十八稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗; [0237] 14) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向初始量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行 离心分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用
[0238] 2 ·硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理,
[0239] CdSe初始量子点核的分散处理: 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初 始量子点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油胺和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 首先对 CdSe初始量子 点溶液加热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后在将 CdSe溶 液的温度升高到 300°C。
[0240] 3. CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备,
[0241] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十二硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0242] 32) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到步骤 2) 中的 CdSe初始量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0243] 33) 待循环长壳生长结束后, 向混合液中添力 P5mmol的油酸的混合液在 300°C 下熟化处理 60min ;
[0244] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0245] 4.CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0246] 向步骤 3) 中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/CdS量子点溶 液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿溶 液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤 重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0247] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点不仅减少了壳层生长时壳层缺陷 的产生同时也减少了 CdSe/CdS核壳量子点表面的缺陷态, 进一步的, 相应的效 果是不仅增强了 CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的荧光强度同时也延长了 CdSe/CdS核壳量 子点的瞬态荧光寿命; 通过荧光光谱仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下溶液 的量子产率 (QY) 和瞬态荧光光谱测试 CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的瞬态寿命, 其中 QY值的范围为 80~89%, 寿命值为 25~30ns。
[0248] 实施例 9
[0249] 一种核壳结构纳米晶的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0250] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 量子点核的制备,
[0251] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0252] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0253] 13) CdSe量子点的制备: 向步骤 11) 中注入 lml的三辛基膦溶液带溶液温度回 复升温到 380°C时注入步骤 12) 的 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然后注入 10ml的十八稀淬 灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗;
[0254] 14) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向初始量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行 离心分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用
[0255] 2 ·硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理,
[0256] CdSe传初始量子点核的分散处理: 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe 初始量子点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油胺和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 将 CdSe初始量子点 溶液加热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后在将 CdSe溶液 的温度升高到 300°C。
[0257] 3. CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备,
[0258] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十二硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0259] 32) CdS壳层的生长: 取 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴加到 步骤 2) 中的 CdSe量子点核溶液中中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0260] 33) 待循环长壳生长结束后, 向混合液中添加 5mmol的三辛基膦在 300°C下熟 化处理 60min; [0261] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0262] 4.CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0263] 向 3中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液进行 离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿溶液当中 使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤重复一 次; 最终得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0264] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点能够进一步的提升量子点的荧光 强度。 通过荧光光谱仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下溶液的量子产率 (Q Y) 其中 QY值的范围为 78~88%。
[0265] 实施例 10
[0266] 一种核壳结构纳米晶的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0267] 1.硒化镉 (CdSe) 量子点核的制备,
[0268] 11) 镉前躯体的制备: 取 0.25 mmol的 CdO、 0.5 mmol的十八烷基膦酸、 3 g三 辛基氧膦一起加入到 50ml的三口烧瓶中, 加热到 380。(:溶解使其变为澄清透明的 溶液并保持在这一 '温度;
[0269] 12) Se前躯体的制备: 取 0.5 mmol的 Se源溶液再 lml的三辛基膦中室温搅拌至 澄清备用;
[0270] 13) CdSe量子点的制备: 向步骤 11) 中注入 lml的三辛基膦溶液, 待溶液温度 回复升温到 380°C时注入步骤 12) 中的 Se前驱体反应 30 s, 然后注入 10ml的十八 稀淬灭反应冷却至室温后进行清洗;
[0271] 14) CdSe初始量子点的清洗提纯: 向量子点混合液中添加 30ml的丙酮进行离心 分离量子点, 将离心分离后的 CdSe初始量子点分散在 10ml的正己焼中备用。
[0272] 2.硒化镉 (CdSe) 初始量子点核的处理,
[0273] CdSe初始量子点核的分散处理: 取步骤 1) 中制备好分散在正己烷中的 CdSe初 始量子点 2 ml加入到含有 lmT油胺和 10ml的十八稀溶液中, 将 CdSe初始量子点溶 液加热到 150°C排气 20 min去除溶液中多余的正己烷溶液, 然后在将 CdSe溶液的 温度升高到 300°C。 [0274] 3. CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的制备,
[0275] 31) CdS壳源在制备: 取 lmmol的油酸镉前躯体和 1.5mmol的 1-十八硫醇一起分 散在 10 ml的十八稀溶液中, 然后 80°C搅拌加热使其浑浊液变澄清然后冷却至室 温备用;
[0276] 32) CdS壳层的生长: 取步骤 31) 中制备好的 CdS壳源采用 6ml/h的滴加速率滴 加到步骤 2) 中的 CdSe量子点核溶液中进行长壳, 滴加时间为 80min;
[0277] 33) 待循环长壳生长结束后, 向混合液中添加 lml油酸的 2mmol的三丁基膦混 合液在 300°C下熟化处理 60min ;
[0278] 34) 待循环反应结束后不做任何的后处理将制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液冷 却至室温。
[0279] 4.CdSe/CdS核壳量子点的提纯,
[0280] 向步骤 3) 中量子点混合液中添加适量的乙酸乙酯和乙醇对 CdSe/CdS量子点溶 液进行离心分离, 将离心得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点溶液再次分散在适量的氯仿溶 液当中使其分散, 然后在向溶液中添加丙酮和甲醇进行沉淀离心分离, 此步骤 重复一次; 最终得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点进行真空干燥。
[0281] 按照本实施例方法制备得到的 CdSe/CdS量子点能够提升稳定性。 通过荧光光谱 仪的积分球 (爱丁堡 -FS5) 测试室温下放置 30天后溶液的量子产率 (QY) 其中 QY值的范围为 83~91%, 紫外可见荧光光谱测试 CdSe/CdS溶液 (浓度 0.05mg/ml ) 的吸光度, 其中吸光度值的范围为 0.9~1.5。
[0282] 以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本申请, 凡在本申请的 精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本申请的保 护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
提供初始量子点核, 将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 使有机羧 酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面;
在所述初始量子点核表面制备壳层, 其中, 在所述初始量子点核表面 制备壳层的步骤在含有机羧酸的壳层生长反应体系中进行; 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合并加热、 或将壳层生 长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热、 或将壳层生长反应完成后 溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热;
或包括以下步骤:
提供初始量子点核, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合, 使有机胺结 合到所述初始量子点核表面;
在所述初始量子点核表面进行壳层生长反应, 制备壳层;
将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机羧酸混合并加热、 或将壳层 生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热、 或将壳层生长反应完成 后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 i所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述壳层生 长反应体系中的有机羧酸来源于将所述初始量子点核与有机羧酸混合 , 使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面的步骤中剩余的有机羧酸 和 /或, 所述壳层生长反应体系中的有机羧酸来源于在所述初始量子 点核表面制备壳层的过程中向所述壳层生长反应体系中补充加入的有 机酸。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将所述初始 量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面 的步骤中, 按所述初始量子点核与所述有机羧酸的质量摩尔比为 10m g : (3~10mmol) , 将所述初始量子点核与有机竣酸混合。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将所述初始 量子点核与有机羧酸混合, 在温度为 80-150°C的条件下加热 20-60min , 使有机羧酸结合到所述初始量子点核表面。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长 反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合并加热的步骤中, 按所述有机胺 与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5~10mmol) :10mg , 将壳层生 长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长 反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热的步骤 中, 按所述有机胺与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5~10mmol ) : 10mg、 所述有机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5mm ol) : 10mg , 将壳层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的 混合溶液混合。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将所述初始 量子点核与有机胺混合, 使有机胺结合到所述初始量子点核表面的步 骤中, 按照所述量子点核与所述有机胺的质量摩尔比为 10mg : (3~10mmol) 的比例, 将所述初始量子点核与有机胺混合。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将所述初始 量子点核与有机胺混合, 在温度为 80-150°C的条件下混合处理 20-60m in, 使有机胺结合到所述初始量子点核表面。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长 反应完成后的溶液体系与有机羧酸混合并加热的步骤中, 按所述有机 竣酸与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5~10mmol) :10mg , 将壳 层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机胺混合。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长 反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合并加热的步 骤中, 按所述有机羧酸与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (5~10m mol) : 10mg、 所述有机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5 mmol) :10mg , 将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦 的混合溶液混合。
[权利要求 11] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长 反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸和有机膦的混合溶液混合, 在温度为
100-320°C的条件下加热 10-60min。
[权利要求 12] 根据权利要求 1所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长 反应完成后溶液体系与有机羧酸混合, 在温度为 240-320°C的条件下 加热 30-90min。
[权利要求 13] 如权利要求 1至 12任一项所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将 壳层生长反应完成后的体系与有机膦混合并加热的步骤中, 按所述有 机膦与所述初始量子点核的摩尔质量比为 (2~5mmol) :10mg , 将壳 层生长反应完成后的溶液体系与有机膦混合。
[权利要求 14] 根据权利要求 1至 12任一项所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺和有机膦的混合溶液混合, 在温度为 80-320°C的条件下混合温处理 10-90min并加热。
[权利要求 15] 根据权利要求 1至 12任一项所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机胺混合, 在温度为 80-320°C的 条件下混合处理 30-90min并加热。
[权利要求 16] 根据权利要求 1至 12任一项所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 将壳层生长反应完成后溶液体系与有机膦混合, 在温度为 100-320°C 的条件下混合处理 10-60min并加热。
[权利要求 17] 根据权利要求 1至 12任一项所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述有机羧酸选自碳原子个数为 8- 18的有机羧酸中的一种或多种; 和 /或, 所述有机胺选自碳原子个数为 8-18的有机胺中的一种或多种 和 /或, 所述有机膦选自三辛基膦、 三丁基膦中的至少一种。
[权利要求 18] 根据权利要求 17所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 当所述有机 羧酸选自碳原子个数为 8 18的有机羧酸中的一种或多种时, 所述有机 酸选自含有单个羧基的直链有机酸; 和 /或 当所述有机胺选自碳原子个数为 8-18的有机胺中的一种或多种时, 所 述有机胺选自含有单个羧基的直链有机胺。
[权利要求 19] 根据权利要求 18所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 当所述有机 酸选自含有单个羧基的直链有机酸时, 所述有机酸选自油酸、 十二烷 酸、 十四烷酸、 十六烷酸、 十八烷酸中的至少一种。
[权利要求 20] 根据权利要求 18所述的量子点的制备方法, 其特征在于, 当所述有机 胺选自含有单个羧基的直链有机胺时, 所述有机胺选自油胺、 三辛胺 、 十二烷胺、 十四烷胺、 十六烷胺、 十八烷胺中的至少一种。
[权利要求 21] 一种量子点, 其特征在于, 由权利要求 1-20任一项所述的量子点的制 备方法制备。
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