WO2020067469A1 - 化粧シート及びこれを用いた化粧材 - Google Patents
化粧シート及びこれを用いた化粧材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020067469A1 WO2020067469A1 PCT/JP2019/038253 JP2019038253W WO2020067469A1 WO 2020067469 A1 WO2020067469 A1 WO 2020067469A1 JP 2019038253 W JP2019038253 W JP 2019038253W WO 2020067469 A1 WO2020067469 A1 WO 2020067469A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- resin
- absorbance
- decorative sheet
- surface protective
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/02—Superimposing layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/10—Applying flat materials, e.g. leaflets, pieces of fabrics
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- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/082—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising vinyl resins; comprising acrylic resins
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- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B32B21/02—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board the layer being formed of fibres, chips, or particles, e.g. MDF, HDF, OSB, chipboard, particle board, hardboard
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a decorative sheet and a decorative material using the same.
- decorative furniture is used for the purpose of decoration and protection of general furniture such as chests, shelves, desks, kitchen furniture such as dining tables and sinks, or cabinets such as light electrical appliances and OA equipment.
- a decorative sheet used for decoration and protection of the surface of these members for example, a decorative sheet having a configuration having a surface protective layer on a base material is used.
- the problem of bleed out of the ultraviolet absorbent can be solved.
- embossing, bending, processing suitability such as molding is often required for decorative sheets.
- decorative sheets having a layer containing a resin such as a polypropylene resin having excellent workability have been developed.
- a decorative sheet having a layer containing the resin and further having a surface protective layer has been studied.
- the surface protective layer of Patent Document 1 is applied to the surface protective layer of a decorative sheet having a layer containing a resin such as a polypropylene resin, it is assumed that bleed out of the ultraviolet absorbent in the surface protective layer is suppressed.
- the present inventors have conducted investigations and found that this problem occurs frequently not only in a decorative sheet having a layer containing a polypropylene resin but also in a decorative sheet having a layer containing a polyvinyl chloride resin. This is mainly due to the common property of having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm, and the absorbed energy (photon) of the ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm deteriorates the layer made of these resins. I found that.
- the present invention has been made under such circumstances, and in a decorative sheet having a layer containing a resin having a specific ultraviolet absorption wavelength and a decorative material using the same, it is possible to suppress temporal deterioration due to ultraviolet light, It is an object of the present invention to provide a decorative sheet having weather resistance and a decorative material using the same.
- a resin having a base layer, a transparent resin layer and a surface protective layer in this order, wherein at least one of the base layer and the transparent resin layer has an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm. is composed of a resin composition containing a, JIS K0115: is measured according to 2004, the absorbance a 11 at a wavelength of 360 ⁇ 380 nm of the surface protective layer is greater than 0.1, the transparent resin layer and the surface absorbance a 12 at a wavelength of 360 ⁇ 380 nm of the protective layer is greater than 0.3, the decorative sheet.
- the decorative sheet which has the layer containing the resin which has a specific ultraviolet absorption wavelength, and the decorative material using the same, the temporal deterioration by ultraviolet rays can be suppressed and the decorative sheet which has excellent weather resistance And a cosmetic material using the same.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention has a base layer, a transparent resin layer, and a surface protective layer in this order, and at least one of the base layer and the transparent resin layer absorbs ultraviolet light at at least 360 to 380 nm.
- Absorbance A 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as “absorbance A 11 ”) of the surface protective layer at a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm, which is composed of a resin composition containing a resin having a wavelength and is measured according to JIS K0115: 2004.
- absorbance A 12 the absorbance of the transparent resin layer and the surface protective layer at a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm is not more than 0.1. That is more than three.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the decorative sheet 100 of the present invention. 1 has a base layer 150, a transparent resin layer 120, and a surface protection layer 110 in this order. Further, the surface protective layer 110 of the decorative sheet 100 of FIG. 1 includes a primer layer 112 and a top coat layer 111. Further, the decorative sheet 100 of FIG. 1 has a decorative layer 140 composed of a picture layer 141 and a colored solid layer 142, and an adhesive layer A130 between the base layer 150 and the transparent resin layer 120. .
- the absorbance A 11 0.1 super city
- the absorbance A 12 is intended to be greater than 0.3. It absorbance A 11 is large, it means that reaching the transparent resin layer located closer to the surface protective layer wavelengths 360 ⁇ 380 nm light (UV) is small, indicating that the absorbance A 12 is large, the surface protective This means that less light (ultraviolet light) having a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm reaches the base material layer located farther from the layer.
- the absorbance in a specific wavelength band such as the absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 is within a range of the wavelength band ⁇ min ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ max (hereinafter simply referred to as “ ⁇ min to ⁇ max ”). ) May mean the value obtained by averaging the absorbance A ( ⁇ ) of each wavelength ⁇ in the wavelength band ⁇ min ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ max . The averaged value will be described in detail in the description of the method for measuring the absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 .
- Conventional decorative sheet is generally designed to add an ultraviolet absorber only in the surface protective layer has been performed, i.e., the conventional decorative sheet had been design for only absorbance A 11.
- the conventional decorative sheet had been design for only absorbance A 11.
- the concentration of the ultraviolet absorber in the surface protective layer decreases. Therefore, in the short term, even if it is possible to suppress the deterioration of each layer such as the transparent resin layer immediately below the surface protective layer and further the underlying base layer, etc., the suppression of the deterioration due to the ultraviolet rays is maintained for a long period of time.
- the weather resistance is a predetermined value in which deterioration due to ultraviolet rays of each layer such as a transparent resin layer and a further lower substrate layer (that is, the entire decorative sheet) is assumed in advance when exposed to sunlight including ultraviolet rays. It is evaluated by the time to reach the degree. Therefore, in the design to increase only absorbance A 11 of the surface protective layer to improve the weather resistance is limited.
- a design is also conceivable in which the weather resistance (the time until deterioration is reached) is improved by adding an extra amount of the ultraviolet absorber in the surface protective layer in an amount that is lost due to bleed-out over time.
- the weather resistance the time until deterioration is reached
- the surface properties of the surface protective layer such as scratch resistance and stain resistance are deteriorated due to excessive addition of the ultraviolet absorber, and appearance deterioration such as cloudiness of the surface due to the bleed-out ultraviolet absorber is caused. Since the above phenomenon becomes prominent, it is practically difficult to adopt such a design.
- the absorption wavelength band of the ultraviolet absorber and the absorbance at each absorption wavelength were incompatible with each layer such as the base material layer and the transparent resin layer. It has been found that excellent weather resistance cannot be imparted to a decorative material, and excellent weather resistance cannot be obtained simply by suppressing bleed-out.
- absorbance A 11 and absorbance A 12 are both the absorbance of ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm.
- the wavelength of the ultraviolet light to be absorbed is specified, and the wavelength between specific constituent layers is specified. It is characterized in that the absorbance is distributed at a specific ratio.
- a decorative sheet having a layer containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm such as a polypropylene resin or a polyvinyl chloride resin. It has been found to occur frequently.
- polypropylene resin has strong absorption at wavelengths around 310 nm, 330 nm and 370 nm
- polyvinyl chloride resin has strong absorption at wavelengths around 320 to 330 nm and 360 to 370 nm.
- a decorative sheet having a layer containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm, such as a polypropylene resin or a polyvinyl chloride resin can be obtained. It is possible to suppress deterioration with time due to ultraviolet rays and to have excellent weather resistance.
- Absorbance A 11 is required to be a greater than 0.1 as described above, considering the improvement of the weather resistance, preferably at least 0.2, further suppression of the bleed-out, scratch resistance of the surface protective layer In consideration of suppression of deterioration of surface characteristics such as surface treatment and suitability for processing a decorative sheet, it is preferably 3.0 or less, more preferably 2.0 or less, and still more preferably 1.5 or less. .
- Absorbance A 12 is required to be a greater than 0.3 as described above, considering the improvement of the weather resistance, preferably 0.4 or more, and more preferably 0.5 or more. Although not limited absorbance maximum A 12 particularly, with weather resistance, considering also the suppression of bleed-out, preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, 2.0 or less Is more preferable. Absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 can be adjusted type ultraviolet absorber, the content thereof, the thickness or the like of the layer containing an ultraviolet absorber.
- the absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 together with in the above range, and further the thickness direction of the ratio of the two, that is, by optimizing the thickness direction of the absorbance, improved weather resistance in the decorative sheet, It is possible to balance both characteristics, which are likely to be contradictory, that is, suppression of bleed-out, at a higher level.
- the ratio of the absorbance A 11 to the absorbance A 12 is preferably 0.30 or more and 0.85 or less.
- the ratio of the absorbance A 11 to the absorbance A 12 is 0.3 or more, the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the surface protective layer 110 is relatively increased.
- the deterioration of each layer such as the transparent resin layer 120, the adhesive layer A130, the decorative layer 140, and the base layer 150 due to the ultraviolet rays can be further suppressed, and when the ratio is 0.85 or less, Since the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the surface protective layer 110 is relatively reduced, bleed out can be further suppressed.
- the ratio is more preferably equal to or greater than 0.35, still more preferably equal to or greater than 0.40, and more preferably equal to or less than 0.80 as the upper limit.
- Absorbance A 12 is, JIS K0115: conforms to 2004, the average value of absorbance measured at a wavelength of 360 ⁇ 380 nm of the laminate to form a surface protective layer 110 on the transparent resin layer 120. Also, the absorbance A 11 of the surface protective layer 110, JIS K0115: conforms to 2004, the average value of absorbance measured at a wavelength of 360 ⁇ 380 nm of the transparent resin layer 120 and A 10, the absorbance A 10 from the absorbance A 12 Is obtained by the following equation.
- the average value of the absorbance is the average value when the absorbance is measured at every 1 nm for a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm (total 21 absorbances).
- Absorbance A 11 absorbance A 12 -absorbance A 10
- the two-layer structure of the single-layered body of the surface protective layer 110 constituting the decorative sheet 100 and the surface protective layer 110 and the transparent resin layer 120 were measured.
- the absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 can be directly obtained by measuring the absorbance of the single-layered body and the laminated body.
- a single-layer body of the surface protection layer 110 and a two-layer laminate of the surface protection layer 110 and the transparent resin layer 120 can be formed without changing the ultraviolet absorption characteristics of each layer.
- the absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 can also be directly obtained by measuring the absorbance of the single-layer body and the laminate separated from the decorative sheet.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention has an absorbance A 21 at a wavelength of 310 nm of the surface protective layer (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “absorbance A 21 ”) of 0.8 measured according to JIS K0115: 2004. It is preferable that it is above. It absorbance A 21 is large, it means that light of wavelength 310nm reaching the transparent resin layer located closer to the surface protective layer (UV) is small.
- the polypropylene resin exemplified as a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm is at 310 nm
- the polyvinyl chloride resin is at 320 nm
- the wavelength is around 310 nm (in the present specification, “near” is ⁇ 10 nm. )
- absorbance A 21 it is 0.8 or more, it is possible to further suppress the time degradation due to ultraviolet rays, it is possible to improve the weather resistance.
- suppression of deterioration of surface characteristics such as abrasion resistance of the surface protective layer, processing suitability of the decorative sheet, etc.
- it is preferably 4.0 or less, together with improvement of weather resistance. 0.0 or less, more preferably 1.5 or less.
- the absorbance A 22 of the transparent resin layer and the surface protective layer at a wavelength of 310 nm (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “absorbance A 22 ”), which is measured according to JIS K0115: 2004. Is preferably 1.1 or more. It absorbance A 22 is large, it means that light of wavelength 310nm reaching the base layer positioned on the far side in the surface protective layer (UV) is small, in particular the absorbance A 22 1.1 or higher and By doing so, the weather resistance can be improved. Further, the improvement of weather resistance, considering also the suppression of bleed-out, it is preferable that the absorbance A 22 is 5.0 or less, more preferably 3.5 or less, further not more than 2.0 preferable.
- the method of measuring the absorbance is as follows. Same as the measurement method.
- the surface protective layer is a layer located on the surface of the transparent resin layer opposite to the substrate layer.
- the surface protective layer may be formed of a single layer, or may be formed of two or more layers such as a top coat layer and a primer layer as shown in FIG.
- the “top coat layer” means a layer farthest from the transparent resin layer (also referred to as an “outermost layer”) of the surface protective layer. That is, when the surface protective layer is formed of a single layer, the surface protective layer has a single-layer structure of the top coat layer.
- the layer located between the top coat layer and the transparent resin layer is a layer other than the top coat layer among the layers constituting the surface protective layer. This means that the primer layer shown in FIG. 1 is a layer other than the top coat layer.
- These layers are preferably composed of a resin composition preferably containing a resin from the viewpoint of ease of formation and the like, and the surface protective layer is preferably a layer constituting the decorative sheet.
- the layer is a layer to which ultraviolet rays first enter, it is more preferable to further comprise a resin composition containing an ultraviolet absorber and a weathering agent such as a light stabilizer.
- UV absorber When the surface protective layer is formed of two or more layers, it is preferable that at least the outermost layer, that is, the top coat layer contains an ultraviolet absorber, and all the layers constituting the surface protective layer contain the ultraviolet absorber. Is more preferable.
- a benzotriazole-based UV absorber a benzophenone-based UV absorber, a triazine-based UV absorber, and the like are preferable, and a triazine-based UV absorber is more preferable.
- a hydroxyphenyltriazine-based ultraviolet absorber is preferred from the viewpoint of suppressing bleed-out and improving weather resistance.
- an ultraviolet absorber having an absorption performance near a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm and an ultraviolet absorber having an absorption performance near a wavelength of 310 nm are preferable.
- Such absorption performance by using an ultraviolet absorber having a more efficiently made absorbance A 11 easy to greater than 0.1, the absorbance A 12 and greater than 0.3, more absorbance A 21 0.8 or higher, absorbance a 22 tends to 1.1 or more.
- an ultraviolet absorber having an absorption performance at least in the vicinity of a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm and an ultraviolet absorber having an absorption performance in the vicinity of a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm and an ultraviolet absorber having an absorption performance in the vicinity of a wavelength of 310 nm. More preferably, an absorbent is used in combination. Further, an ultraviolet absorber having a reactive functional group such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, and an allyl group is preferable because bleed out can be easily suppressed.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the surface protective layer is not particularly limited as long absorbance A 11 0.1 super city, and the absorbance A 12 and greater than 0.3.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber of the top coat layer constituting the surface protective layer is obtained excellent weatherability absorbance A 11 0.1 super city, and the absorbance A 12 as greater than 0.3, also bleeding Considering the suppression of, the resin is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more and 15.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 12.5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the top coat layer. 1.0 part by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less are more preferable, and 2.0 parts by mass or more and 5.5 parts by mass or less are even more preferable.
- a preferable range of the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the other layer is the resin 100 constituting the other layer. It is preferably from 0.5 to 10.0 parts by mass, more preferably from 1.0 to 9.5 parts by mass, more preferably from 2.0 to 9.0 parts by mass with respect to parts by mass. It is more preferably from 5.0 parts by mass to 8.5 parts by mass.
- a light stabilizer is preferably contained at least in the top coat layer, and more preferably a light stabilizer is contained in all the layers constituting the surface protective layer.
- hindered amine light stabilizer As the light stabilizer, a hindered amine light stabilizer is preferable.
- hindered amine light stabilizers include 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis (1,2,2 2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, bis (1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl) -4-piperidinyl) sebacate, methyl (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, 2,4-bis [N-butyl-N- (1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6) , 6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) amino] -6- (2-hydroxyethylamine) -1,3,5-triazine),
- hindered amine light stabilizers having a (meth) acryloyl group and light stabilizers having a reactive functional group such as a vinyl group and an allyl group other than the (meth) acryloyl group suppress bleed out. It is more preferable in that it is easy to perform.
- the resin is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 8.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the top coat layer, The amount is more preferably from 1 part by mass to 6.0 parts by mass, and even more preferably from 1.5 parts by mass to 4.0 parts by mass.
- a preferable range of the content of the light stabilizer in the other layer is the light stabilizer in the top coat layer. Is the same as the content of
- the weathering agent such as the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer used in the present embodiment may be a nanoshell encapsulated in a nanoshell.
- the dispersibility (compatibility) of the resin in the surface protective layer with the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer is improved, and the light resistance in the layer is improved.
- the effect can be homogenized and the mechanical strength can be improved.
- the binding between the nanoshell and the resin of the surface protective layer is expected to suppress bleed-out of the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer.
- the ultraviolet absorber may be used in the form of nanoshell
- the light stabilizer may be used in the form of nanoshell
- both the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer may be used in the form of nanoshell. From the viewpoint of suppressing bleed-out, it is preferable to use the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer in a nanoshell form.
- the “nanoshell” is a “hollow vesicle having a nanosized shell-like membrane structure”.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nanoshell containing the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer is less than the wavelength region of visible light (380 to 780 nm), and is about 1/2 or less of the wavelength of visible light, that is, less than 380 nm. It is. More specifically, the thickness is preferably from 1 nm to less than 380 nm, more preferably from 1 to 375 nm, still more preferably from 5 to 300 nm, still more preferably from 10 to 250 nm, and particularly preferably from 15 to 200 nm.
- the average primary particle diameter is a value calculated by statistical processing from observation images measured by various electron microscopes such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). . Specifically, the calculation by the statistical processing is performed, for example, by calculating the diameter of 1000 particles randomly selected from an SEM image and calculating a histogram of 3 nm section using the following formula (A). It is what went.
- the number average primary particle size D np obtained by the formula (A) was defined as the average primary particle size in the present specification.
- D np ⁇ n i d i / ⁇ n i (A)
- the nanoshell is not particularly limited as long as it can contain an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer, and may be a single-layer film or a multi-layer film. From the viewpoint of improving dispersibility (compatibility), a single-layer film is preferable. Further, a phospholipid is preferable as a material forming the nanoshell. That is, the form of the nanoshell is more preferably a monolayer film made of phospholipid.
- the phospholipid examples include glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, cardiopine, egg lecithin, hydrogenated egg lecithin, soy lecithin, hydrogenated soy lecithin, and the like; Sphingolipids such as myelin, ceramide phosphorylethanolamine, and ceramide phosphorylglycerol; and the like. These phospholipids can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, cardiopine, egg lecithin, hydrogenated egg lecithin, soy
- Examples of a method for encapsulating an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer in a nanoshell include a Bangham method, an extrusion method, a hydration method, a surfactant dialysis method, a reverse phase evaporation method, a freeze-thaw method, and a supercritical reverse phase evaporation method. And the like.
- a phospholipid is added to and dissolved in a solvent such as chloroform or methanol, and then the solvent is removed using an evaporator to form a thin film composed of the phospholipid, and after adding an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer,
- a solvent such as chloroform or methanol
- This is a method of hydrating and dispersing by stirring at a high speed of, for example, about 1000 to 2500 rpm using a mixer, and encapsulating the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer in the nanoshell.
- the extrusion method is a method of passing through a filter instead of the mixer used as the external perturbation.
- the hydration method is a method in which the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer are encapsulated in the nanoshell by gently stirring and dispersing without using a mixer in the Bangham method.
- a phospholipid is dissolved in a solvent such as diethyl ether or chloroform, and an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer (which may be in the form of a dispersion) are added to form a W / O emulsion.
- the solvent is removed from the emulsion under reduced pressure, water is added, and the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer are encapsulated in the nanoshell.
- the freeze-thaw method is a method of performing at least one of cooling and heating as an external perturbation, and is a method of encapsulating an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer in a nanoshell by repeating cooling and heating.
- the nanoshell can be more reliably and easily made into a monolayer film made of a phospholipid.
- the supercritical reversed-phase evaporation method uses, as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-137585, a crystal nucleating agent using carbon dioxide in a supercritical state, at a temperature above the critical point, or under pressure. Is included in the nanoshell.
- the carbon dioxide in the supercritical state means carbon dioxide in a supercritical state at a critical temperature (30.98 ° C.) and a critical pressure (7.3773 ⁇ 0.0030 MPa) or higher.
- carbon dioxide under or under pressure conditions is meant carbon dioxide in which only one of the temperature or the criticality is above the critical condition.
- the supercritical reversed-phase evaporation method is, specifically, adding water to a mixture of an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a supercritical carbon dioxide, and a phospholipid, and stirring the mixture.
- the emulsion is formed, and then the pressure is reduced to expand and evaporate the carbon dioxide to cause a phase inversion, thereby forming a nanoshell in which the surface of the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer is covered with a monolayer film of a phospholipid.
- supercritical carbon dioxide may be added to a mixture of an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, a phospholipid, and water in the above method.
- a dispersant encapsulated in nanoshells may be included in the surface protective layer.
- the dispersibility (compatibility) between the resin in the surface protective layer, the ultraviolet absorber, and the light stabilizer is improved, and the weather resistance in the layer is improved. And the mechanical strength can be improved.
- the dispersant used in the present embodiment includes, for example, a molecular weight of 10,000 to 500,000, preferably 15,000 to 30 such as aliphatic polyvalent polycarboxylic acid, polyalkylamine, and poly (meth) acrylic acid.
- (meth) acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, (meth) acryloxy (Meth) acryloxy-based silane coupling agents such as propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriet Vinyl silane coupling agents such as silane and vinyltrimethoxysilane; epoxy si
- Silicone oils such as polypropylene wax, polyethylene wax, polypropylene polyethylene copolymer wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax and Sasol wax, preferably having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 carbon atoms.
- ester waxes of dipentaerythritol, carnauba wax, montan wax, etc. Wax such as a deoxidizing wax; and modified resins obtained by modifying a polyolefin resin with an organic acid such as maleic acid, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and rosin acid.
- the embodiment of the size of the dispersant included in the nanoshell and the material of the nanoshell are the same as those of the embodiment of the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer included in the nanoshell.
- the means for encapsulating the dispersant in the nanoshell may be the same as the means for encapsulating the ultraviolet absorber and the light stabilizer in the nanoshell.
- the top coat layer preferably contains a cured product of the curable resin composition from the viewpoint of improving surface characteristics such as scratch resistance of the decorative sheet. From the viewpoint of obtaining more excellent surface characteristics, the ratio of the curable resin contained in the curable resin composition to the total resin component constituting the top coat layer is 50% by mass or more from the viewpoint of obtaining more excellent surface characteristics. Is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and more preferably 100% by mass, that is, the top coat layer is formed by a cured product of a curable resin composition containing a curable resin. It is even more preferable that the layer is constituted.
- the curable resin composition examples include a thermosetting resin composition containing a thermosetting resin, an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition containing an ionizing radiation-curable resin, and a mixture thereof.
- a thermosetting resin composition containing a thermosetting resin an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition containing an ionizing radiation-curable resin, and a mixture thereof.
- an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition is preferable, and can be applied without a solvent, and is easily handled. Therefore, an electron beam curable resin composition is more preferable.
- the thermosetting resin composition is a composition containing at least a thermosetting resin, and is a resin composition that is cured by heating.
- the thermosetting resin include acrylic resin, urethane resin, phenol resin, urea melamine resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and silicone resin.
- a curing agent is added to these curable resins as necessary.
- the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition is a composition containing a compound having an ionizing radiation-curable functional group (hereinafter, may be referred to as “ionizing radiation-curable compound”).
- the ionizing radiation-curable functional group is a group that crosslinks and cures upon irradiation with ionizing radiation, and preferably includes a functional group having an ethylenic double bond such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, and an allyl group.
- ionizing radiation means, among electromagnetic waves or charged particle beams, those having energy quanta capable of polymerizing or cross-linking molecules.
- the ionizing radiation-curable compound can be appropriately selected from polymerizable monomers and polymerizable oligomers conventionally used as ionizing radiation-curable resins.
- a (meth) acrylate monomer having a radical polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule is preferable, and among them, a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer is preferable.
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer include a (meth) acrylate monomer having two or more ionizing radiation-curable functional groups in a molecule and having at least a (meth) acryloyl group as the functional group.
- the number of functional groups of the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate monomer is preferably 2 or more, 8 or less, more preferably 2 or more and 6 or less, and further preferably 2 or more and 4 or less. It is more preferably 2 or more and 3 or less.
- These polyfunctional (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the polymerizable oligomer include a (meth) acrylate oligomer having two or more ionizing radiation-curable functional groups in a molecule and having at least a (meth) acryloyl group as the functional group.
- a urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer, an epoxy (meth) acrylate oligomer, a polyester (meth) acrylate oligomer, a polyether (meth) acrylate oligomer, a polycarbonate (meth) acrylate oligomer, an acrylic (meth) acrylate oligomer, and the like can be given.
- polymerizable oligomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of improving processing characteristics, scratch resistance and weather resistance, urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer, epoxy (meth) acrylate oligomer, polyester (meth) acrylate oligomer, polyether (meth) acrylate oligomer, polycarbonate (meth) acrylate oligomer And acrylic (meth) acrylate oligomers are preferred, urethane (meth) acrylate oligomers and polycarbonate (meth) acrylate oligomers are more preferred, and urethane (meth) acrylate oligomers are even more preferred.
- the number of functional groups of these polymerizable oligomers is preferably 2 or more and 8 or less from the viewpoint of improving processing characteristics and abrasion resistance and weather resistance, and the upper limit is more preferably 6 or less, still more preferably 4 or less. Even more preferably 3 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of these polymerizable oligomers is preferably 2,500 or more and 7,500 or less, more preferably 3,000 or more, 7,000 or less, from the viewpoint of improving processing characteristics, scratch resistance, and weather resistance. , 3,500 or more and 6,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is an average molecular weight measured by GPC analysis and converted into standard polystyrene.
- a monofunctional (meth) acrylate can be used in the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition for the purpose of, for example, reducing the viscosity of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition.
- These monofunctional (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the thickness of the top coat layer is preferably from 1.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably from 2 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, even more preferably from 3 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of the balance between processing characteristics, scratch resistance and weather resistance.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention preferably has, as a surface protective layer, a primer layer on the transparent resin layer side of the top coat layer in addition to the top coat layer.
- the adhesion between the top coat layer and the transparent resin layer can be improved by the primer layer.
- the primer layer is preferably composed of at least a binder resin, and, if necessary, is a layer that may further contain a weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer, and a resin composition containing at least the binder resin. And a layer formed of a resin composition containing a weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer.
- binder resin examples include a urethane resin, an acrylic polyol resin, an acrylic resin, an ester resin, an amide resin, a butyral resin, a styrene resin, a urethane-acrylic copolymer, and a polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymer.
- resins such as a coalescing resin, a chlorinated propylene resin, a nitrocellulose resin (nitrified cotton), and a cellulose acetate resin, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a mixture of a polycarbonate urethane-acryl copolymer and an acrylic polyol resin can be used as a binder resin.
- the thickness of the primer layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the resin constituting the surface protective layer preferably does not substantially contain an olefin resin such as a polypropylene resin or a polyvinyl chloride resin.
- the absorbance A 11 preferably the absorbance A 21, which is the absorbance of the surface protective layer
- the light (ultraviolet light) having a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm, preferably 310 nm, which reaches the transparent resin layer is sufficiently limited.
- a larger amount of light (ultraviolet light) having a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm and 310 nm has reached the surface protective layer itself than the transparent resin layer.
- the surface protective layer does not substantially contain an olefin resin or a polyvinyl chloride resin as a resin constituting the surface protective layer, since the surface protective layer is easily made to have more excellent weather resistance.
- substantially free of olefin resin and polyvinyl chloride resin means that the ratio of each of the olefin resin and polyvinyl chloride resin to all the resin components constituting the surface protective layer is 1% by mass or less, It is preferably 0.1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.01% by mass or less, and still more preferably 0% by mass.
- the transparent resin layer is a layer provided between the surface protective layer and the base material layer, and is a layer that gives the decorative sheet of the present invention weather resistance, surface properties such as scratch resistance, and properties such as processability. is there.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention has a decorative layer described later, the decorative sheet has a function of protecting the decorative layer by providing the decorative layer between the decorative layer and the surface protective layer.
- At least one of the transparent resin layer and the base material layer is formed of a resin composition containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm. Therefore, as the resin contained in the resin composition forming the transparent resin layer, a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm is preferably exemplified.
- the content of the resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm in the transparent resin layer is preferably 50% by mass or more based on all resin components of the transparent resin layer from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, workability and the like. It is preferably at least 70% by mass, more preferably at least 90% by mass, even more preferably at least 100% by mass.
- a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm a polypropylene resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin and the like are preferably mentioned, and these resins can be used alone or in combination of plural kinds.
- the topcoat layer is formed of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition, it is more preferably a polypropylene resin from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration of the resin and improving weather resistance.
- the moisture permeability of the decorative sheet can be easily set within a predetermined range, so that it is possible to improve long-term adhesion as well as workability.
- polystyrene resin more specifically, homopolymers of olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butene; various copolymers such as ethylene-propylene block copolymers and random copolymers; and at least one of ethylene and propylene And a copolymer of at least one other olefin such as butene, pentene, and hexene; a copolymer of at least one of ethylene and propylene and at least one other monomer such as vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol; And the like.
- olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butene
- various copolymers such as ethylene-propylene block copolymers and random copolymers
- at least one of ethylene and propylene and a copolymer of at least one other olefin such as butene, pentene, and hexene
- the polyethylene resin containing ethylene as a constituent unit and the polypropylene resin containing propylene as a constituent unit are preferred among the above, and polypropylene is preferred. Based resins are preferred.
- the polypropylene-based resin may be a homopolymer of propylene, that is, polypropylene, or other comonomers copolymerizable with propylene (eg, ethylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, etc.). ⁇ -olefin; vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, etc.). These polypropylenes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the moisture permeability of the transparent resin layer can be adjusted by adjusting the crystallinity. Generally, the higher the crystallinity, the lower the moisture permeability of the polypropylene resin.
- the polypropylene resin having a thickness in the range of 40 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less is used as the transparent resin layer, its crystallinity is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and preferably 80% or less as an upper limit. , More preferably 70% or less.
- the moisture permeability of the transparent resin layer can be adjusted by adjusting the mass ratio of isotactic polypropylene to atactic polypropylene.
- the moisture permeability of the transparent resin layer can be reduced by adding isotactic polypropylene as compared with the case where the proportion of atactic polypropylene in polypropylene is 100% by mass.
- the mass ratio between the atactic polypropylene and the isotactic polypropylene is preferably 0/100 to 20/80 in consideration of the ease of adjusting the moisture permeability.
- the vinyl chloride resin a homopolymer of a vinyl chloride monomer, that is, a polyvinyl chloride, or a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a vinyl chloride monomer and a monomer copolymerizable with the vinyl chloride monomer is also used. be able to.
- Examples of monomers copolymerizable with vinyl chloride monomers include vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; acrylic esters such as methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate; methacrylic esters such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate; Maleic esters such as diethyl malate; fumaric esters such as dibutyl fumarate and diethyl fumarate; vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether, vinyl butyl ether and vinyl octyl ether; vinyl cyanides such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Olefins such as ethylene, propylene, butylene and styrene; dienes such as isoprene and butadiene; vinylidene chlorides other than vinyl chloride such as vinylidene chloride and vinyl bromide; Halogenated vinyls; phthalate allyl such as diallyl phthalate, and the like. These monomers may be used
- the average degree of polymerization of the vinyl chloride resin is preferably from 500 to 4000, more preferably from 700 to 3900, and more preferably from 1,000 to 3800, from the viewpoint of easily setting the moisture permeability described below within a predetermined range, and improving long-term adhesion as well as workability. More preferred. When the average degree of polymerization is within the above range, excellent mechanical strength and moldability are also obtained. In the present specification, the average degree of polymerization is an average degree of polymerization measured in accordance with JIS K6721.
- a plasticizer when a vinyl chloride resin is used, it is preferable to add a plasticizer from the viewpoint of easily increasing the moisture permeability within the above range, improving the workability and long-term adhesion, and improving the workability.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with the vinyl chloride resin.
- the content of the plasticizer may be appropriately adjusted and used in accordance with the desired moisture permeability, and it cannot be said unconditionally.
- the amount of the plasticizer additive increases, the moisture permeability of the vinyl chloride resin increases. There is a tendency.
- based on 100 parts by mass of the vinyl chloride resin preferably 15 parts by mass or more, more preferably 20 parts by mass or more, further preferably 25 parts by mass or more, and preferably 50 parts by mass or less as an upper limit. , More preferably 45 parts by mass or less, further preferably 35 parts by mass or less.
- the vinyl chloride resin is made flexible and the processability can be improved.
- the content is 50 parts by mass or less, bleed out of the plasticizer is suppressed. It is easy to stably adjust the moisture permeability to a desired range, and it is possible to improve workability and long-term adhesion.
- its content is based on 100 parts by mass of the vinyl chloride resin. It is preferably at least 25 parts by mass, more preferably at least 30 parts by mass, even more preferably at least 35 parts by mass, preferably at most 50 parts by mass, more preferably at most 45 parts by mass, still more preferably at most 40 parts by mass. It is as follows.
- a polyester plasticizer When a polyester plasticizer is used, its content is preferably at least 15 parts by mass, more preferably at least 18 parts by mass, and still more preferably at least 20 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the vinyl chloride resin.
- the upper limit is preferably 35 parts by mass or less, more preferably 30 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 25 parts by mass or less.
- another resin may be used in combination with the above resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm.
- the other resin include polyethylene (low density, Resins containing polyolefins such as polymethylpentene, polybutene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyester resin, polycarbonate resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin Thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin and the like.
- the base material layer and the transparent resin layer only needs to be formed of a resin composition containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm.
- the transparent resin layer may not be composed of the resin composition containing the resin, for example, a resin composition containing the other resin described above. May be configured.
- a resin containing polyolefin such as polyethylene (low density, medium density, high density), polymethylpentene, polybutene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, etc.
- polyethylene low density, medium density, high density
- moisture permeability of a decorative sheet to be described later can be easily set within a predetermined range, so that it is possible to improve long-term adhesion as well as workability.
- the polyethylene resin may be a homopolymer of ethylene, that is, polyethylene, or may be ethylene and another comonomer copolymerizable with ethylene (eg, propylene, 1-butene, 1- Copolymers with ⁇ -olefins such as hexene and 1-octene, vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, etc.).
- polyethylene include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. (UHMWPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) and the like. These polyethylene resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the transparent resin layer preferably contains a weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer.
- a weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer.
- the transparent resin layer is preferably formed of a resin composition containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm. Absorption of ultraviolet rays causes deterioration of the resin to progress. Therefore, by containing these weather resistances, it is possible to improve the weather resistance and suppress the deterioration of the resin.
- Preferred examples of the weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer include those exemplified as the weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer that can be used in the surface protective layer.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber of the transparent resin layer is not particularly limited as long absorbance A 12 to greater than 0.3, the absorbance A 12 0.3 super city, preferably the absorbance A 22 as 1.1 or more
- the amount is preferably from 0.03 to 10.0 parts by mass, and more preferably from 0.05 to 3.0 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the transparent resin layer. Is more preferably from 0.07 to 1.0 part by mass, even more preferably from 0.10 to 0.4 part by mass.
- the content of the light stabilizer in the transparent resin layer is 0.1 parts by mass or more and 10.0 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the transparent resin layer. Preferably, it is 0.5 parts by mass or more and 8.0 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or more and 5.0 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 1.5 parts by mass or more and 3.0 parts by mass or less.
- the transparent resin layer may be transparent as long as the base material layer side can be viewed more clearly than the transparent resin layer, and may be colorless transparent, colored transparent and translucent. That is, in the present invention, "transparency" means that in addition to colorless and transparent, it includes colored and translucent.
- the thickness of the transparent resin layer is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more and 120 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of the balance between scratch resistance, workability and weather resistance. Further, from the viewpoint of protecting the decoration layer and obtaining surface characteristics such as excellent weather resistance and abrasion resistance, it is preferable that the thickness is larger than that of the base material layer.
- the base material layer is a layer provided on the side opposite to the surface protective layer of the transparent resin layer, and is a layer that imparts performance such as mechanical strength and processability to the decorative sheet of the present invention.
- at least one of the transparent resin layer and the base material layer is formed of a resin composition containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm. Therefore, as the resin contained in the resin composition forming the base material layer, a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm is preferably exemplified.
- the content of the resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm in the base material layer should be 50% by mass or more based on all resin components of the base material layer from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, workability and the like. Is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 100% by mass.
- the resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm used for the base material layer those exemplified as the resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm which can be used for the transparent resin layer are preferably exemplified. . That is, as the resin used for the base layer, a polyolefin resin or a vinyl chloride resin is preferable. These resins can be selected from the same resins described as the resins that can be used for the transparent resin layer. By adopting a resin that can be used for the transparent resin layer as the resin used for the base material layer, it is possible to suppress deterioration with time due to ultraviolet rays, to obtain excellent weather resistance, and to set the moisture permeability within a predetermined range. Because it is easy to be inside, long-term adhesion can be improved as well as construction suitability.
- the other resins that can be used in the transparent resin layer are preferably exemplified.
- at least one of the base material layer and the transparent resin layer only needs to be formed of a resin composition containing a resin having an ultraviolet absorption wavelength of at least 360 to 380 nm. If the resin layer is composed of the resin composition containing the resin, the base layer may not be composed of the resin composition containing the resin, and may be composed of the resin composition containing the other resin, for example. May be.
- the base layer may be colorless and transparent, but is preferably colored from the viewpoint of concealing the color of the adherend and improving design when obtaining the decorative material using the decorative sheet.
- a colorant such as a dye or a pigment can be added to the base material layer, and a pigment which is easy to suppress fading is preferable.
- pigments examples include white pigments such as zinc white, lead white, lithopone, titanium dioxide, precipitated barium sulfate, and barite; black pigments such as carbon black, iron black, and azomethine azo black pigments; Red pigments: yellow pigments such as lead, zinc yellow (one kind of zinc yellow and two kinds of zinc yellow), isoindolinone yellow, nickel azo complex, etc .; phthalocyanine blue, cobalt blue, ultramarine blue, prussian blue ) And the like;
- the content of the colorant is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 3 parts by mass or more and 40 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the base material layer, from the viewpoint of concealing the color of the adherend. Is more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, and still more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass.
- Additives may be added to the base material layer as necessary.
- the additives include inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate and clay, flame retardants such as magnesium hydroxide, antioxidants, lubricants, foaming agents, and antioxidants.
- the amount of the additive is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the processing characteristics, and can be appropriately set according to the required characteristics.
- the absorbance A 12 0.3 super city preferably from the fact that the absorbance A 22 1.1 or more, even without containing an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer to the base layer of the substrate layer The weather resistance is improved, and the weather resistance of the decorative sheet as a whole can be improved.
- a weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer may be contained. . Further improvement in weather resistance can be expected.
- the weathering agent such as an ultraviolet absorber and a light stabilizer
- those exemplified as usable in the transparent resin layer are preferably mentioned, and the content is the same as the content in the transparent resin layer. It is.
- the thickness of the base layer is preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or more and 120 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more and 80 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of balance between mechanical strength, workability, and design properties. Is even more preferred.
- the base layer is formed on one or both sides of the base layer by a physical surface treatment such as an oxidation method or a concavo-convex method, or a chemical surface, in order to enhance the adhesion with other layers or the adherend of the decorative sheet.
- a physical surface treatment such as an oxidation method or a concavo-convex method, or a chemical surface, in order to enhance the adhesion with other layers or the adherend of the decorative sheet.
- Surface treatment such as treatment may be performed, and a primer layer may be formed.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention preferably has a decorative layer at an arbitrary position of the decorative sheet from the viewpoint of improving design properties. From the viewpoint of enhancing the weather resistance of the decorative layer, the place where the decorative layer is formed is preferably between the base material layer and the transparent resin layer.
- the decorative layer may be, for example, a colored layer (so-called solid colored layer) covering the entire surface, or a pattern layer formed by printing various patterns using ink and a printing machine. Or a combination thereof.
- the pattern provided by the decorative layer may be selected as desired without any particular limitation.
- a wood grain pattern or a marble pattern for example, a travertine marble
- stone pattern that imitates the surface of the rock, such as the cleavage face of a granite plate
- cloth pattern that imitates a texture or cloth-like pattern
- leather (leather grain) pattern that expresses leather grain, tiled pattern, brick Patterns such as parquet, patchwork, block pattern, and the like, which are a composite of these, such as a laminated pattern, a hairline, a parallel groove, a satin pattern, a grain, a character, a symbol, and a geometric pattern, may be mentioned.
- the wood grain pattern is one of the preferred patterns for the decorative sheet of the present invention because of its strong popularity.
- the grain pattern includes a straight grain pattern, a board grain pattern, a heather grain pattern, a wood grain pattern, and the like.
- the ink used for the decorative layer an ink obtained by appropriately mixing a binder resin with a coloring agent such as a pigment and a dye, an extender pigment, a solvent, a stabilizer, a plasticizer, a catalyst, a curing agent, and the like is used.
- the ink used for the decorative layer may contain a weathering agent such as the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer from the viewpoint of improving weatherability.
- a weathering agent such as the above-mentioned ultraviolet absorber and light stabilizer from the viewpoint of improving weatherability.
- the binder resin of the decorative layer There is no particular limitation on the binder resin of the decorative layer.
- urethane resin acrylic polyol resin, acrylic resin, ester resin, amide resin, butyral resin, styrene resin, urethane-acryl copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Resins such as a coalescing resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer resin, a chlorinated propylene resin, a nitrocellulose resin, and a cellulose acetate resin.
- various types of resins such as a one-component curable resin and a two-component curable resin with a curing agent such as an isocyanate compound can be used.
- the colorant a pigment excellent in hiding properties and weather resistance is preferable.
- the same pigments as those exemplified for the base material layer are preferably used.
- the content of the coloring agent in the base material layer is preferably from 5 parts by mass to 90 parts by mass, more preferably from 15 parts by mass to 80 parts by mass, and more preferably from 30 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of the resin constituting the decorative layer. And more preferably 70 parts by mass or less.
- the thickness of the decorative layer may be appropriately selected according to a desired pattern, but is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of concealing the ground color of the adherend and improving the design. The following is more preferred, and the range is more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ Adhesive layer A> It is preferable to form an adhesive layer A between the base material layer and the transparent resin layer in order to improve the adhesion between the two layers.
- the positional relationship between the adhesive layer A and the decorative layer is not particularly limited. Specifically, the decorative layer and the adhesive layer A may be sequentially provided from the side closer to the base material layer, or the adhesive layer A and the decorative layer may be sequentially provided from the side closer to the base material layer. Good.
- the adhesive layer A can be made of, for example, an adhesive such as a urethane adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, or a rubber adhesive.
- an adhesive such as a urethane adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, or a rubber adhesive.
- urethane-based adhesives are preferred in terms of adhesive strength.
- the urethane-based adhesive include an adhesive using a two-component curable urethane resin including various polyol compounds such as polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and acrylic polyol, and a curing agent such as the above various isocyanate compounds.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer A is preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, even more preferably from 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention preferably has a moisture permeability of 0.75 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or more and 45 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less, in addition to the properties relating to the absorbance.
- a moisture permeability 0.75 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or more and 45 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less, in addition to the properties relating to the absorbance.
- the decorative sheet and the adherend are used as a decorative material via an adhesive layer
- the deterioration of the adhesive layer mainly between the decorative sheet and the adherend can be suppressed. Peeling is suppressed, and peeling does not occur even when used for a long time, thereby improving long-term adhesion.
- the moisture permeability of the cosmetic material of the present invention it is possible to improve the workability by improving the initial adhesion strength in the construction process, and to improve the long-term adhesion in which peeling does not occur even after long-term use. be able to.
- the moisture permeability is 0.75 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or more
- the moisture permeability is applied to an adherend via an adhesive layer to make up
- the occurrence of poor adhesion due to poor curing of the adhesive used for the adhesive layer is suppressed, so that the initial adhesive strength is improved and the workability is improved.
- the water vapor transmission rate is 45 g / m 2 ⁇ 24 h or less, during long-term use, the base material deteriorates due to the influence of moisture in the atmosphere, wind and rain, and ultraviolet rays due to sunlight, and the adhesive used for the adhesive layer is used.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention by setting the moisture permeability within the above range, it is possible to simultaneously improve the long-term adhesion that does not cause peeling even when used for a long time, together with the workability due to the high initial adhesion strength in the construction process. it can.
- moisture permeability 1.2g / m 2 ⁇ 24h or more, more preferably 1.5g / m 2 ⁇ 24h, more preferably 2.5g / m 2 ⁇ 24h or more , even more preferably at 4.5g / m 2 ⁇ 24h or more, preferably 40g / m 2 ⁇ 24h or less as the upper limit, more preferably 35g / m 2 ⁇ 24h or less, even more preferably not more than 30g / m 2 ⁇ 24h , even more preferably at most 20g / m 2 ⁇ 24h.
- the adjustment of the moisture permeability can be mainly performed by the type of the material constituting the base material layer, and the type of the material constituting the resin layer when the transparent resin layer is provided, as described above. .
- the decorative sheet of the present invention can be manufactured by a manufacturing method including, for example, a step of laminating a base material layer and a transparent resin layer, and a step of forming a surface protective layer on the transparent resin layer.
- Lamination of the base material layer and the transparent resin layer is performed on the base material layer by using a resin composition constituting the transparent resin layer, by extrusion lamination, dry lamination, wet lamination, thermal lamination, or another method. Can be done.
- a decorative layer and an adhesive layer A are provided between the base material layer and the transparent resin layer, the ink and the adhesive for forming the decorative layer and the adhesive layer A are formed on the base material layer by a gravure printing method. It may be formed by applying a known method such as a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a reverse roll coating method, and a comma coating method, and drying and curing as necessary.
- the surface protective layer can be formed by applying a resin composition for forming the surface protective layer on the transparent resin layer and curing the resin composition if necessary.
- a curable resin composition When a curable resin composition is used to form the top coat layer, the curable resin composition may be cured under conditions according to the properties of the curable resin to form a cured product, and the curable resin composition may be applied on the transparent resin layer.
- a top coat layer can be formed by forming an uncured resin layer and curing the curable resin composition forming the uncured resin layer by a predetermined method that can be cured to obtain a cured product. For example, when a thermosetting resin is used as the curable resin, the top coat layer can be formed by heating the uncured resin layer under an appropriate temperature condition to obtain a cured product.
- the top coat layer can be formed by irradiating the uncured resin layer with an ionizing radiation such as an electron beam or an ultraviolet ray to obtain a cured product.
- an ionizing radiation such as an electron beam or an ultraviolet ray
- the acceleration voltage can be appropriately selected according to the resin used and the thickness of the layer.
- the uncured resin layer is cured at an acceleration voltage of about 70 to 300 kV.
- the irradiation dose is such that the crosslink density of the ionizing radiation-curable resin is saturated, and is usually selected in the range of 5 to 300 kGy (0.5 to 30 Mrad), preferably 10 to 50 kGy (1 to 5 Mrad).
- the resin composition for forming the primer layer is formed on the transparent resin layer by a gravure printing method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a reverse roll coating method, a comma coating method.
- a top coat layer may be formed by the above-mentioned method after coating by a known method such as a method, drying and curing as necessary.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention may be provided with irregularities by embossing or the like.
- embossing for example, the decorative sheet is preferably heated to 80 ° C or higher and 260 ° C or lower, more preferably 85 ° C or higher and 160 ° C or lower, and further preferably 100 ° C or higher and 140 ° C or lower, and the embossing plate is pressed against the decorative sheet. Then, embossing can be performed.
- the location where the embossing plate is pressed is preferably on the surface protective layer side of the decorative sheet.
- the decorative material of the present invention has an adherend and the decorative sheet of the present invention described above, and specifically, a surface requiring decoration of the adherend, and a surface of the decorative sheet on the base material layer side. Are stacked facing each other.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the decorative material 200 of the present invention.
- the decorative material 200 of FIG. 1 includes the decorative sheet 100 of the present invention, the adhesive layer B210, and the adherend 220 in this order.
- the base layer 140 of the decorative sheet 100 and the adherend 220 are laminated so as to face each other with the adhesive layer B210 interposed therebetween.
- the adherend examples include plate materials such as flat plates and curved plates of various materials, three-dimensionally shaped articles, sheets (or films), and the like.
- it is used as a board or three-dimensional article such as wood veneer, wood plywood, laminated wood, particle board, wood fiber board such as MDF (medium density fiber board) such as cedar, cypress, pine, and lauan.
- MDF medium density fiber board
- Wooden materials plate materials such as iron, copper, aluminum, and titanium; metal members used as steel plates, three-dimensional articles, sheets, etc .; non-cement ceramic materials such as glass, ceramics, gypsum, etc .; Ceramic materials used as plate materials such as non-porcelain ceramic materials such as concrete) plates, and three-dimensional articles; polyolefin resins such as acrylic resins, polyester resins, polystyrene resins, and polypropylene; ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) Plate material such as resin, phenolic resin, vinyl chloride resin, cellulose resin, rubber, etc. Jo article, or a resin member or the like used as a sheet and the like. In addition, these members can be used alone or in combination of plural kinds.
- the material to be adhered may be appropriately selected from the above according to the intended use, and may be selected as an interior member of a building such as a wall, a ceiling, a floor, or an exterior member such as an outer wall, a roof, an eaves ceiling, a fence, a gate, or a window.
- a fitting or a building member such as a frame, a door, a handrail, a skirting board, a surrounding edge, a mall, etc.
- a fitting such as an exterior member, a window frame, a door, or the like is used, a member made of at least one member selected from a metal member and a resin member is preferable.
- the thickness of the adherend may be appropriately selected according to the application and the material, and is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 0.3 mm or more and 5 mm, even more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less.
- ⁇ Adhesive layer B> The adherend and the decorative sheet are bonded together via the adhesive layer B in order to obtain excellent adhesiveness, that is, the decorative material of the present invention comprises the adherend, the adhesive layer B and It is preferable to have a decorative sheet in this order.
- the adhesive used for the adhesive layer B is not particularly limited, and a known adhesive can be used.
- a moisture-curable adhesive, an anaerobic-curable adhesive, a dry-curable adhesive, and a UV-curable adhesive Adhesives such as a mold adhesive, a heat-sensitive adhesive (for example, a hot-melt adhesive), and a pressure-sensitive adhesive are preferable.
- a moisture-curable adhesive and a heat-sensitive adhesive are preferable.
- a heat-sensitive adhesive is preferable in that the adhesive strength rises to a saturated state at the same time as the molten liquid adhesive layer is solidified by cooling.
- the initial adhesive strength of the adhesive used for the adhesive layer can be obtained because the adhesive can be appropriately exposed to moisture during the construction process.
- a decrease in adhesion due to deterioration due to hydrolysis is suppressed, and as a result, long-term adhesion with more excellent workability can be easily obtained. It is also preferable in terms of ease of handling.
- the resin used for the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer examples include acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, styrene-acryl copolymer resin, and polyester resin. And polyamide resins, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, a two-component curable polyurethane-based adhesive or a polyester-based adhesive using an isocyanate compound or the like as a curing agent can also be applied. Further, an adhesive can be used for the adhesive layer. As the pressure-sensitive adhesive, an acrylic, urethane-based, silicone-based, or rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive can be appropriately selected and used.
- a moisture-curable adhesive which is one of the adhesives preferably used in the present invention and has a urethane resin as a resin system has a prepolymer having an isocyanate group at a molecular terminal as an essential component.
- the prepolymer is usually a polyisocyanate prepolymer having one or more isocyanate groups at both molecular terminals, and is a solid thermoplastic resin at ordinary temperature.
- a polyisocyanate prepolymer for example, a polyester component which is a crystalline solid polyester polyol at room temperature as a polyol component, and a polyisocyanate composed of 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, tolylene diisocyanate or the like as a polyisocyanate component is used. Is mentioned.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer B is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 1 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably from 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, even more preferably from 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent adhesiveness.
- the decorative material can be manufactured through a step of laminating a decorative sheet and an adherend.
- This step is a step of laminating the adherend and the decorative sheet of the present invention, and laminates the surface of the adherend requiring decoration and the surface of the decorative sheet on the substrate side.
- a laminating method of laminating the decorative sheet on the plate-shaped adherend by a pressure roller via the adhesive layer B may be mentioned.
- the heating temperature is preferably 160 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less, depending on the type of the resin constituting the adhesive, and 100 ° C. or less for the reactive hot-melt adhesive.
- the temperature is preferably from 130C to 130C.
- vacuum forming it is general to carry out the heating while heating, and the temperature is preferably from 80 ° C to 130 ° C, more preferably from 90 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the decorative material obtained as described above can be cut arbitrarily and subjected to optional decoration such as grooving and chamfering on the surface or the edge of the wood using a cutting machine such as a router or a cutter.
- a cutting machine such as a router or a cutter.
- interior members of buildings such as walls, ceilings, floors, entrance doors or exterior members such as exterior walls, roofs, eaves ceilings, fences, gates, window frames, doors, handrails, widths
- general furniture such as wardrobes, shelves, desks, kitchen furniture such as dining tables, sinks, etc.
- cabinets such as light electrical appliances and OA equipment, and other vehicles It can be used for interior and exterior members.
- Evaluation and measurement 1-1 Absorbance Using a UV-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (trade name: U-4000, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) in accordance with JIS K0115: 2004, a laminate having a surface protective layer formed on a transparent resin layer was used.
- the absorbance A 12 at a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm and the absorbance A 22 at a wavelength of 310 nm were measured.
- the absorbance A 10 at a wavelength of 360 to 380 nm and the absorbance A 20 at a wavelength of 310 nm of the transparent resin layer were measured by the same means.
- ⁇ Ultra-accelerated weathering test equipment> A UV lamp (trade name: M04-L21WB / SUV, manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.), a lamp jacket (trade name: WJ50-SUV, manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.) and an illuminometer (trade name: UVD-365PD, manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.) Equipped with an ultra-accelerated weather resistance tester (trade name: I-Super UV Tester SUV-W161, manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd.) ⁇ Evaluation criteria> A: No change in appearance was observed in the entire decorative sheet.
- B Slight whitening was observed on the appearance of the decorative sheet, but no color change was observed in at least one of the transparent resin layer and the base material layer.
- C Slight whitening was confirmed on the appearance of the decorative sheet, and slight color tone change was confirmed in at least one of the transparent resin layer and the base material layer.
- D Remarkable whitening of the appearance of the decorative sheet and a large change in color tone in at least one of the transparent resin layer and the base material layer were confirmed.
- the adhesive layer was cooled at a temperature of 90 ° C., solidified, left for 1 hour in an environment of 90 ° C. to prepare a sample, and then, at a temperature of 25 ° C., a Tensilon universal material testing machine (“Tensilon RTC- 1250A (product name), manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a pulling speed of 10 mm / min, a peeling direction of 90 °, and a distance between chucks of 30 mm. Measured as, it was evaluated according to the following criteria. If it is equal to or more than B evaluation, the evaluation of construction suitability is passed.
- the peeling strength was 0.5 N / mm or more and less than 1.0 N / mm.
- C The peeling strength was less than 0.5 N / mm. 1-5. Evaluation of long-term adhesion After the sample prepared in the above “1-4. Evaluation of workability” was left in a moist heat environment of 70 ° C. and 90% RH for 6 weeks, it was tested under a temperature environment of 25 ° C. for a universal material test. A peeling test was performed using a machine (“Tensilon RTC-1250A (product name)”, manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a tensile speed of 50 mm / min and a peeling direction of 90 °, and the peeling strength was measured. Was evaluated.
- the peeling strength was 2.0 N / mm or more.
- B The peeling strength was 1.0 N / mm or more and less than 2.0 N / mm.
- C The peeling strength was less than 1.0 N / mm. 1-6.
- Workability When sticking (laminating) a sample in the preparation of the above “1-4. Evaluation of workability”, the floating of the cosmetic material at the bending portion (bending angle: 1 mmR) is visually checked, and based on the following criteria. evaluated. If it is equal to or more than B evaluation, the workability is passed. A: No lifting was confirmed. B: Almost no floating was observed. C: Lifting was confirmed, and peeling occurred.
- Example 1 A decorative layer was formed on one surface of a base material layer (colored polypropylene resin sheet having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m) that had been subjected to a corona discharge treatment on both sides, using a two-part curable acrylic-urethane resin printing ink. Next, an adhesive layer A made of a urethane resin-based adhesive having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed on the decorative layer. Next, on the adhesive layer A, 0.12 parts by mass of a hydroxyphenyltriazine-based ultraviolet absorbent 1 (trade name: TINUVIN460, manufactured by BASF) and 100 parts by mass of a polypropylene-based resin were added to 100 parts by mass of a polypropylene-based resin. A resin composition containing 0.15 parts by mass of Agent 2 (trade name: TINUVIN 477, manufactured by BASF) was heated and melt extruded by a T-die extruder to form a transparent resin layer having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m.
- Agent 2 trade name:
- a composition comprising a polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymer and an acrylic polyol, and hexamethylene diisocyanate, having a mass of 100: 5, are provided on the transparent resin layer.
- the mixed resin composition was applied and dried to form a primer layer having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
- 100 parts by mass of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition composed of a trifunctional urethane acrylate oligomer having a weight average molecular weight of 4000 was added to a hydroxyphenyltriazine-based ultraviolet absorber 1 (trade name: TINUVIN460, manufactured by BASF).
- a hindered amine light stabilizer (trade name: TINUVIN123, manufactured by BASF), and then irradiating an electron beam to cure the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition.
- a top coat layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed, and a surface protective layer composed of the primer layer and the top coat layer was formed.
- a 50 ⁇ m-deep wood-grain duct-like uneven pattern was formed from the top coat layer by embossing to obtain a decorative sheet of Example 1.
- the weather resistance of the obtained decorative sheet was evaluated by the above method. Table 1 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- Example 2 to 4 The decorative sheets of Examples 2 to 4 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the ultraviolet absorber contained in the resin composition forming the transparent resin layer and the top coat layer was changed to the amount shown in Table 1. Was prepared. The weather resistance of the obtained decorative sheet was evaluated by the above method. Table 1 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- Example 5 In Example 1, except that the base material layer was a polypropylene resin sheet (thickness: 80 ⁇ m, crystallinity: 70%, propylene-ethylene random copolymer (ethylene content: 4.5% by mass or less)) Prepared a decorative sheet in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained decorative sheet was evaluated for workability, long-term adhesion, and workability by the above-described method. Table 2 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- Example 6 In Example 1, except that the base material layer was a polypropylene resin sheet (thickness: 60 ⁇ m, crystallinity: 50%, propylene-ethylene random copolymer (ethylene content: 4.5% by mass or less)) Prepared a decorative sheet in the same manner as in Example 1. The obtained decorative sheet was evaluated for workability, long-term adhesion, and workability by the above-described method. Table 2 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- Example 7 In Example 1, the base material layer was a polypropylene resin sheet (thickness: 60 ⁇ m, crystallinity: 40%, propylene-ethylene random copolymer (ethylene content: 4.5% by mass or less)), and was transparent. A decorative sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the conductive resin layer was changed to 40 ⁇ m. The obtained decorative sheet was evaluated for workability, long-term adhesion, and workability by the above-described method. Table 2 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The decorative sheets of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the ultraviolet absorber contained in the resin composition forming the transparent resin layer and the top coat layer was changed to the amount shown in Table 1. Was prepared. The weather resistance of the obtained decorative sheet was evaluated by the above method. Table 1 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- Example 4 the base material layer was added to a polyvinyl chloride resin sheet (thickness: 120 ⁇ m, 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl chloride resin) by adding 33 parts by mass of a polyester plasticizer (adipic acid-based polyester) as a plasticizer.
- a decorative sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the adhesive layer A and the transparent resin layer were not provided.
- the obtained decorative sheet was evaluated for workability, long-term adhesion, and workability by the above-described method. Table 2 shows the absorbance and the evaluation results.
- the absorbance A 11 is greater than 0.1, and the decorative sheet absorbance A 12 is greater than 0.3, it is excellent in weather resistance was confirmed. On the other hand, at least one of the absorbance A 11 and the absorbance A 12 is not satisfied the conditions, it was confirmed that no provides excellent weather resistance.
- the decorative sheet of Example 3 is an example in which the ultraviolet absorber is used as much as 10 parts by mass in the top coat layer. As in Example 3, it is also possible to use a large amount of an ultraviolet absorber in the top coat layer and further in the transparent resin layer, and a more excellent evaluation of weather resistance can be obtained as compared with the other examples. When severe weather resistance is required, it can be suitably adopted.
- the effect of improving the weather resistance with respect to the amount of the UV absorber used is saturated, and considering the suppression of bleed-out, the UV absorption may be smaller, and the required performance relating to the weather resistance and the weather resistance are efficiently reduced. It is considered that the amount of absorbed ultraviolet light should be determined in consideration of the overall requirements.
- the decorative sheet of the present invention Since the decorative sheet of the present invention has excellent weather resistance, it is used for interior members of buildings such as walls, ceilings, floors, and entrance doors or exterior members such as outer walls, roofs, eaves ceilings, fences, gates, and window frames. , Doors, railings, skirting boards, surrounding edges, malls and other fittings or building members, general furniture such as chests, shelves, desks, kitchen furniture such as dining tables and sinks, or cabinets for light electrical appliances and OA equipment. It is suitably used as a decorative sheet for various members, especially members used in an environment exposed to direct sunlight, and other members used for interior and exterior of vehicles. Further, the decorative material of the present invention is suitably used as the above-mentioned various members, particularly, members used in an environment exposed to direct sunlight.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ところで、化粧シートにはエンボス加工、折り曲げ、成形等の加工適性が求められる場合が多くなっており、近年、加工適性に優れるポリプロピレン樹脂等の樹脂を含む層を有する化粧シートの開発が進められており、例えば該樹脂を含む層を有し、さらに表面保護層を備える化粧シートが検討されるようになっている。このようなポリプロピレン樹脂等の樹脂を含む層を有する化粧シートの表面保護層に特許文献1の表面保護層を適用した場合、該表面保護層中の紫外線吸収剤のブリードアウトが抑制されていたとしても、化粧シートの紫外線による経時劣化を抑制することができない問題が頻発した。そして、発明者らは調査を進めたところ、この問題が、ポリプロピレン樹脂を含む層を有する化粧シートだけでなく、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂を含む層を有する化粧シートでも頻発しており、これらの樹脂が共通して有する、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有するという性状が主な原因となり、吸収された波長360~380nmの紫外線のエネルギー(光量子)によって、これらの樹脂からなる層が劣化していることを見出した。
[1]基材層、透明性樹脂層及び表面保護層をこの順に有し、該基材層及び該透明性樹脂層の少なくとも一方の層が、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成され、JIS K0115:2004に準拠して測定される、該表面保護層の波長360~380nmにおける吸光度A11が0.1超であり、該透明性樹脂層及び該表面保護層の波長360~380nmにおける吸光度A12が0.3超である、化粧シート。
[2]被着材と上記[1]に記載の化粧シートとを有する化粧材。
本発明の化粧シートは、基材層、透明性樹脂層及び表面保護層をこの順に有し、該基材層及び該透明性樹脂層の少なくとも一方の層が、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成され、JIS K0115:2004に準拠して測定される、該表面保護層の波長360~380nmにおける吸光度A11(以下、単に「吸光度A11」と称することがある。)が0.1超であり、該透明性樹脂層及び該表面保護層の波長360~380nmにおける吸光度A12(以下、単に「吸光度A12」と称することがある。)が0.3超であるものである。
図1の化粧シート100は、基材層150、透明性樹脂層120、及び表面保護層110をこの順に有している。また、図1の化粧シート100の表面保護層110は、プライマー層112及びトップコート層111から構成されている。また、図1の化粧シート100は、基材層150と透明性樹脂層120との間に、絵柄層141と着色ベタ層142とからなる装飾層140、及び接着剤層A130を有している。
本発明の化粧シートは、吸光度A11を0.1超とし、吸光度A12を0.3超とするものである。吸光度A11が大きいことは、表面保護層に近い側に位置する透明性樹脂層に到達する波長360~380nmの光(紫外線)が少ないことを意味し、吸光度A12が大きいことは、表面保護層に遠い側に位置する基材層に到達する波長360~380nmの光(紫外線)が少ないことを意味する。なお、本発明において、上記吸光度A11、吸光度A12等の特定波長帯域における吸光度とは、かかる波長帯域λmin≦λ≦λmaxの範囲内(以下、単に「λmin~λmax」と称することがある。)における各波長λの吸光度A(λ)を、波長帯域λmin≦λ≦λmaxの範囲内の波長について平均した値を意味する。当該平均した値については、吸光度A11、吸光度A12の測定方法の説明において詳述する。
本発明で規定する吸光度A11及び吸光度A12は、いずれも波長360~380nmの紫外線の吸光度であり、本発明においては吸収すべき紫外線の波長を特定し、かつ特定の構成層間での波長の吸光度を特定比率で配分したことに特徴を有する。
本発明では、吸収波長のうちエネルギー(光量子)が高く、樹脂の劣化に直結しやすい波長360~380nmの紫外線に関する2種類の吸光度(吸光度A11及び吸光度A12)に着目し、かつ、該2種類の吸光度(吸光度A11及び吸光度A12)を特定の範囲とすることにより、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂等の少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂を含む層を有する化粧シートの紫外線による経時劣化を抑制し、優れた耐候性を有するものとすることを可能としている。
吸光度A11及び吸光度A12は、紫外線吸収剤の種類、その含有量、紫外線吸収剤を含む層の厚み等により調整することができる。
本発明において、吸光度A11と吸光度A12との比率(吸光度A11/吸光度A12)が0.3以上であると、表面保護層110における紫外線吸収剤の含有量が相対的に増加するため、紫外線による透明性樹脂層120、接着剤層A130、装飾層140、基材層150等の各層の紫外線による劣化をより抑制することができ、一方、当該比率が0.85以下であると、表面保護層110における紫外線吸収剤の含有量が相対的に減少するため、ブリードアウトをより抑制することができる。かくして、当該比率を0.30以上0.85以下とすることで、耐候性の向上と、ブリードアウトの抑制とを、より高いレベルで両立させることが可能となる。また、このような観点から、当該比率は、0.35以上がより好ましく、0.40以上が更に好ましく、また上限としては0.80以下がより好ましい。
また、表面保護層110の吸光度A11は、JIS K0115:2004に準拠して、透明性樹脂層120の波長360~380nmにおいて測定した吸光度の平均値をA10とし、吸光度A12から吸光度A10を減ずる、以下の数式により得られる。吸光度の平均値は、波長360~380nmについて1nm毎に吸光度(合計21個の吸光度)を測定した際の、これらの平均値とする。
吸光度A11=吸光度A12-吸光度A10
なお、波長360~380nmにおける各層(単層体又は積層体)の吸光度の測定において、化粧シート100を構成する表面保護層110の単層体及び表面保護層110と透明性樹脂層120との2層の積層体の測定用試料が得られる場合、当該単層体、当該積層体についての吸光度の測定を行うことで、各々吸光度A11、吸光度A12を直接求めることができる。
また、化粧シート100を構成する積層体から、各層の紫外線吸収特性を変化させることなく、表面保護層110の単層体及び表面保護層110と透明性樹脂層120との2層の積層体を分離可能な場合は、化粧シートから分離した当該単層体、当該積層体についての吸光度を測定することで、各々吸光度A11、吸光度A12を直接求めることもできる。
吸光度A21が大きいことは、表面保護層に近い側に位置する透明性樹脂層に到達する波長310nmの光(紫外線)が少ないことを意味する。上記のように、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂として例示したポリプロピレン樹脂は310nmに、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂は320nmに、波長310nmの近傍(本明細書において「近傍」は±10nmの範囲内にあることをいう。)において吸収波長を有していることから、波長310nm近傍における光(紫外線)が到達することにより、紫外線による経時劣化が進む可能性が生じる。よって、吸光度A21が0.8以上であることにより、紫外線による経時劣化をより抑制することが可能となり、耐候性を向上することができる。また、耐候性の向上とともに、ブリードアウトの抑制、表面保護層の耐擦傷性等の表面特性の低下の抑制、化粧シートの加工適性等も考慮すると、4.0以下であることが好ましく、3.0以下であることがより好ましく、1.5以下であることがさらに好ましい。
吸光度A22が大きいことは、表面保護層に遠い側に位置する基材層に到達する波長310nmの光(紫外線)が少ないことを意味し、具体的には吸光度A22を1.1以上とすることにより、耐候性を向上させることができる。また、耐候性の向上とともに、ブリードアウトの抑制も考慮すると、吸光度A22は5.0以下であることが好ましく、3.5以下であることがより好ましく、2.0以下であることがさらに好ましい。
また、吸光度A21は、JIS K0115:2004に準拠して、透明性樹脂層の波長310nmにおける吸光度A20を測定し、吸光度A22から吸光度A20を減ずることにより得られる(吸光度A21=吸光度A22-吸光度A20)。
なお、波長310nmにおける各構成層(単層体又は積層体)の吸光度の測定試料の用意ができる場合の、吸光度の測定方法については、上記波長360~380nmにおける単層体又は積層体の吸光度の測定方法と同じである。
表面保護層は、透明性樹脂層の基材層とは反対側の面に位置する層である。表面保護層は、単層で形成されていてもよいし、図1のようにトップコート層、プライマー層等の2層以上から形成されていてもよい。ここで、本明細書において、「トップコート層」は、表面保護層のうち透明性樹脂層から最も離れた層(「最表面の層」とも称される。)を意味する。すなわち、表面保護層が単層から形成されている場合、表面保護層はトップコート層による単層構造となる。また、表面保護層が2層以上から形成されている場合、トップコート層と透明性樹脂層との間に位置する層は、表面保護層を構成する層のうちのトップコート層以外の層であることを意味し、図1に示されるプライマー層は該トップコート層以外の層となる。
表面保護層が2層以上から形成される場合、少なくとも最表面の層、すなわちトップコート層中に紫外線吸収剤を含有することが好ましく、表面保護層を構成する全ての層に紫外線吸収剤を含有することがより好ましい。
また、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、アリル基等の反応性官能基を有する紫外線吸収剤は、ブリードアウトを抑制しやすい点で好ましい。
表面保護層を構成するトップコート層中の紫外線吸収剤の含有量は、吸光度A11を0.1超とし、かつ吸光度A12を0.3超として優れた耐候性を得ること、またブリードアウトの抑制も考慮すると、トップコート層を構成する樹脂100質量部に対して0.3質量部以上15.0質量部以下が好ましく、0.5質量部以上12.5質量部以下がより好ましく、1.0質量部以上10.0質量部以下がさらに好ましく、2.0質量部以上5.5質量部以下がよりさらに好ましい。
また、表面保護層を構成する、プライマー層等のその他の層が紫外線吸収剤を含有する場合、該その他の層における紫外線吸収剤の含有量の好ましい範囲は、該その他の層を構成する樹脂100質量部に対して0.5質量部以上10.0質量部以下が好ましく、1.0質量部以上9.5質量部以下がより好ましく、2.0質量部以上9.0質量部以下がさらに好ましく、5.0質量部以上8.5質量部以下がよりさらに好ましい。
表面保護層が2層以上から形成される場合、少なくともトップコート層中に光安定剤を含有することが好ましく、表面保護層を構成する全ての層に光安定剤を含有することがより好ましい。
ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤としては、4-ベンゾイルオキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジン、ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1-オクチルオシキ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル)セバケート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル)セバケート、メチル(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル)セバケート、2,4-ビス[N-ブチル-N-(1-シクロヘキシルオキシ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル)アミノ]-6-(2-ヒドロキシエチルアミン)-1,3,5-トリアジン)、テトラキス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)-1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボキシレート、ビス-(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)-2-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-ベンジル)-2-n-ブチルマロネート等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、ビス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、ビス(1-オクチルオシキ-2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル)セバケート、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル)セバケート、メチル(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル)セバケート等のデカン二酸(セバシン酸)由来のヒンダードアミン系光安定剤、1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジニル(メタ)アクリレート等の反応性官能基を有するヒンダードアミン系光安定剤が好ましい。
また、上記の中でも、(メタ)アクリロイル基を有するヒンダードアミン系光安定剤、また(メタ)アクリロイル基以外の、ビニル基、アリル基等の反応性官能基を有する光安定剤は、ブリードアウトを抑制しやすい点でより好ましい。
また、表面保護層を構成する、プライマー層等のその他の層が光安定剤を含有する場合、該その他の層における光安定剤の含有量の好ましい範囲は、上記トップコート層中の光安定剤の含有量と同じである。
本実施形態において用いられる上記紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の耐候剤は、ナノシェルに内包された、ナノシェル化されたものであってもよい。ナノシェルに内包された紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤を用いることで、表面保護層中における樹脂と、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤との分散性(相溶性)が向上し、層内の耐光性の効果を均質化するとともに、機械的強度を向上することができる。また、ナノシェルと表面保護層の樹脂との結びつきにより、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤のブリードアウトの抑制が期待される。本実施形態においては、紫外線吸収剤のみナノシェル化されたものを用いてもよいし、光安定剤のみナノシェル化されたものを用いてもよいし、紫外線吸収剤及び光安定剤のいずれもナノシェル化されたもの用いてもよく、ブリードアウトの抑制の観点から、紫外線吸収剤及び光安定剤のいずれもナノシェル化されたもの用いることが好ましい。
紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤を内包したナノシェルの平均一次粒子径は、可視光の波長領域(380~780nm)未満であり、また可視光の波長の1/2以下程度である、すなわち、380nm未満である。より具体的には、1nm以上380nm未満が好ましく、1~375nmがより好ましく、5~300nmがさらに好ましく、10~250nmがよりさらに好ましく、15~200nmが特に好ましい。
Dnp:数平均一次粒子径
di:ヒストグラムのi番目の直径
ni:頻度
Bangham法は、クロロホルム、メタノール等の溶媒に、リン脂質を加えて溶解した後、エバポレータを用いて溶媒を除去してリン脂質からなる薄膜を形成し、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤を加えた後、ミキサーを用いて、例えば、1000~2500rpm程度の高速回転で撹拌することで、水和し、分散させて、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤をナノシェルに内包する方法である。エクストルージョン法は、外部摂動として用いたミキサーに代えてフィルターを通過させる方法である。水和法は、Bangham法において、ミキサーを用いずに、穏やかに攪拌し、分散させて、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤をナノシェルに内包する方法である。逆相蒸発法は、リン脂質をジエチルエーテル、クロロホルム等の溶媒に溶解し、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤(分散液の状態としたものでもよい。)を加えてW/Oエマルジョンを作り、該エマルジョンから減圧下において溶媒を除去し、水を添加して、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤をナノシェルに内包する方法である。また、凍結融解法は、外部摂動として冷却、加熱の少なくともいずれかを行う方法であり、冷却、加熱を繰り返すことによって紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤をナノシェルに内包する方法である。
本実施形態において、表面保護層中にナノシェルに内包された分散剤を含有させてもよい。表面保護層中にナノシェルに内包された分散剤を含有することにより、表面保護層中における樹脂と、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤との分散性(相溶性)が向上し、層内の耐候性の効果を均質化するとともに、機械的強度を向上することができる。
トップコート層は、化粧シートの耐擦傷性等の表面特性を向上させる観点から、硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物を含むことが好ましい。
トップコート層は、より優れた表面特性を得る観点から、該トップコート層を構成する全樹脂成分に対して、硬化性樹脂組成物に含まれる硬化性樹脂の割合が50質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、90質量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、100質量%、すなわち、トップコート層は、硬化性樹脂を含む硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物により構成される層であることがよりさらに好ましい。
電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物は、電離放射線硬化性官能基を有する化合物(以下、「電離放射線硬化性化合物」と称することがある。)を含む組成物である。電離放射線硬化性官能基としては、電離放射線の照射によって架橋硬化する基であり、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、アリル基等のエチレン性二重結合を有する官能基等が好ましく挙げられる。また、電離放射線とは、電磁波又は荷電粒子線のうち、分子を重合あるいは架橋し得るエネルギー量子を有するものを意味し、通常、紫外線(UV)又は電子線(EB)が用いられるが、その他、X線、γ線等の電磁波、α線、イオン線などの荷電粒子線も含まれる。
電離放射線硬化性化合物は、具体的には、従来電離放射線硬化性樹脂として慣用されている重合性モノマー、重合性オリゴマーの中から適宜選択して用いることができる。
多官能性(メタ)アクリレートモノマーとしては、分子中に2つ以上の電離放射線硬化性官能基を有し、かつ該官能基として少なくとも(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する(メタ)アクリレートモノマーが挙げられる。
耐候性、及び耐擦傷性等の表面特性を向上させる観点から、多官能性(メタ)アクリレートモノマーの官能基数は2以上8以下が好ましく、2以上6以下がより好ましく、2以上4以下がさらに好ましく、2以上3以下がよりさらに好ましい。これらの多官能性(メタ)アクリレートは、単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
また、これらの重合性オリゴマーの重量平均分子量は、加工特性と耐擦傷性及び耐候性を向上させる観点から、2,500以上7,500以下が好ましく、3,000以上7,000以下がより好ましく、3,500以上6,000以下がさらに好ましい。ここで、重量平均分子量は、GPC分析によって測定され、かつ標準ポリスチレンで換算された平均分子量である。
本発明の化粧シートは、表面保護層として、トップコート層の他に、トップコート層より透明性樹脂層側にプライマー層を有することが好ましい。プライマー層によって、トップコート層と透明性樹脂層との密着性を向上することができる。
オレフィン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂を実質的に含有しないとは、表面保護層を構成する全樹脂成分に対する、オレフィン樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂の各々の割合が1質量%以下であることを意味し、好ましくは0.1質量%以下、より好ましくは0.01質量%以下、さらに好ましくは0質量%である。
透明性樹脂層は、表面保護層と基材層との間に設けられる層であり、本発明の化粧シートに耐候性、耐擦傷性等の表面特性、加工適性等の性能を付与する層である。また、本発明の化粧シートが後述する装飾層を有する場合、装飾層と表面保護層との間に設けることで、装飾層を保護する機能も有する。
透明性樹脂層中の少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂の含有量は、機械的強度、加工適性等の観点から、透明性樹脂層の全樹脂成分に対して50質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、90質量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、100質量%であることがよりさらに好ましい。
後述する透湿度を所定の範囲内としやすく、施工適性とともに長期密着性を向上させる観点から、上記の中でもエチレンを構成単位として含むポリエチレン系樹脂、プロピレンを構成単位として含むポリプロピレン系樹脂が好ましく、ポリプロピレン系樹脂が好ましい。
また、プロピレンの単独重合体(ポリプロピレン)を用いる場合、アイソタクチックポリプロピレンとアタクチックポリプロピレンとの質量比の調節により透明性樹脂層の透湿度を調整することもできる。一般的には、ポリプロピレン中のアタクチックポリプロピレンの割合が100質量%の場合に比べて、アイソタクチックポリプロピレンを添加することで透明性樹脂層の透湿度を低下させることができる。この場合、アタクチックポリプロピレンとアイソタクチックポリプロピレンとの質量比は、透湿度の調整のしやすさを考慮すると、好ましくは0/100~20/80である。
塩化ビニルモノマーと共重合可能なモノマーとしては、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のビニルエステル類;メチルアクリレートやブチルアクリレート等のアクリル酸エステル類;メチルメタクリレートやエチルメタクリレート等のメタクリル酸エステル類;ブチルマレートやジエチルマレート等のマレイン酸エステル類;ジブチルフマレートやジエチルフマレート等のフマル酸エステル類;ビニルメチルエーテル、ビニルブチルエーテル及びビニルオクチルエーテル等のビニルエーテル類;アクリロニトリルやメタクリロニトリル等のシアン化ビニル類;エチレン、プロピレン、ブチレン、スチレン等のオレフィン類;イソプレン、ブタジエン等のジエン類;塩化ビニリデン、臭化ビニル等の塩化ビニル以外のハロゲン化ビニリデン、ハロゲン化ビニル類;ジアリルフタレート等のフタル酸アリル類、等が挙げられる。これらのモノマーは、単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
可塑剤としては、塩化ビニル樹脂と相溶性を有するものであれば特に制限はなく、例えば、フタル酸ジブチル(DBP)、フタル酸ジオクチル(DOP)、フタル酸ジイソノニル(DINP)、フタル酸ジイソデシル(DIDP)、フタル酸ジウンデシル(DUP)等のフタル酸系可塑剤;アジピン酸ジブチル等のアジピン酸系可塑剤;リン酸トリブチル、リン酸トリクレジル、リン酸トリフェニル等のリン酸系可塑剤;トリメリット酸トリブチル、トリメリット酸トリオクチル等のトリメリット酸系可塑剤;アジピン酸系ポリエステルなど公知の各種ポリエステル系可塑剤;アセチルトリブチルシトレート、アセチルトリオクチルシトレート等のクエン酸エステル類;等が挙げられる。中でも、透湿度を上記範囲内としやすく、施工適性とともに長期密着性を向上させる観点から、また加工性を向上させる観点から、フタル酸系可塑剤、アジピン酸系可塑剤、ポリエステル系可塑剤が好ましく、フタル酸系可塑剤、ポリエステル系可塑がより好ましい。また、これらの可塑剤は、単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
この場合、上記の他の樹脂としては、ポリエチレン(低密度、中密度、高密度)、ポリメチルペンテン、ポリブテン、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体等のポリオレフィンを含む樹脂が好ましく、ポリエチレン(低密度、中密度、高密度)がより好ましい。後述する化粧シートの透湿度を所定の範囲内としやすくなるため、施工適性とともに長期密着性を向上させることができるからである。
紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の耐候剤としては、上記表面保護層に使用し得る紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の耐候剤として例示したものが好ましく挙げられる。
また、これと同様の観点から、透明性樹脂層中の光安定剤の含有量は、透明性樹脂層を構成する樹脂100質量部に対して0.1質量部以上10.0質量部以下が好ましく、0.5質量部以上8.0質量部以下がより好ましく、1質量部以上5.0質量部以下がさらに好ましく、1.5質量部以上3.0質量部以下がよりさらに好ましい。
また、装飾層を保護し、かつ優れた耐候性、さらには耐擦傷性等の表面特性を得る観点から、基材層よりも厚くすることが好ましい。
基材層は、透明性樹脂層の表面保護層とは反対側に設けられる層であり、本発明の化粧シートに機械的強度、加工適性等の性能を付与する層である。
本発明の化粧シートにおいて、透明性樹脂層及び基材層の少なくとも一方の層は、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成される。よって、基材層を形成する樹脂組成物に含まれる樹脂としては、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂が好ましく挙げられる。
基材層中の少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂の含有量は、機械的強度、加工適性等の観点から、基材層の全樹脂成分に対して50質量%以上であることが好ましく、70質量%以上であることがより好ましく、90質量%以上であることがさらに好ましく、100質量%であることがよりさらに好ましい。
また、本発明では、基材層及び透明性樹脂層の少なくとも一方の層が、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成されていればよいので、例えば透明性樹脂層が該樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成されていれば、基材層は該樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成されていなくてもよく、例えば上記他の樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成されていてもよい。
基材層を着色する場合、基材層中には、染料、顔料等の着色剤を添加することができ、退色を抑制しやすい顔料が好ましい。
顔料としては、亜鉛華、鉛白、リトポン、二酸化チタン、沈降性硫酸バリウム、及びバライト等の白色顔料;カーボンブラック、鉄黒、アゾメチンアゾ系黒色顔料等の黒色顔料;鉛丹、酸化鉄赤等の赤色顔料;黄鉛、亜鉛黄(亜鉛黄1種、亜鉛黄2種)、イソインドリノンイエロー、ニッケルアゾ錯体等の黄色顔料;フタロシアニンブルー、コバルトブルー、ウルトラマリン青、プロシア青(フェロシアン化鉄カリ)等の青色顔料;等が挙げられる。
本発明では、吸光度A12を0.3超とし、好ましくは吸光度A22を1.1以上としていることから、基材層に紫外線吸収剤及び光安定剤を含有させなくても基材層の耐候性は向上し、化粧シート全体としての耐候性も良好にできるが、特に厳しい耐候性が要求されるような場合には、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の耐候剤を含有させてもよい。更なる耐候性の向上が期待できる。この場合、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の耐候剤としては、上記透明性樹脂層に用いられ得るものとして例示したものが好ましく挙げられ、また含有量も上記透明性樹脂層における含有量と同じである。
本発明の化粧シートは、意匠性を向上させる観点から、化粧シートの任意の箇所に装飾層を有することが好ましい。装飾層を形成する箇所は、装飾層の耐候性を高める観点から、基材層と透明性樹脂層との間であることが好ましい。
需要者の意匠への要望は流行等により変化するものであるが、木目模様への人気は根強いため、本発明の化粧シートの模様としても、木目模様は好ましい模様の一つである。木目模様には、柾目模様、板目模様、杢目模様、木口模様等があるが、いずれであってもよい。
装飾層のバインダー樹脂としては特に制限はなく、例えば、ウレタン樹脂、アクリルポリオール樹脂、アクリル樹脂、エステル樹脂、アミド樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、スチレン樹脂、ウレタン-アクリル共重合体、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル-アクリル共重合体樹脂、塩素化プロピレン樹脂、ニトロセルロース樹脂、酢酸セルロース樹脂等の樹脂が挙げられる。また、1液硬化型樹脂、イソシアネート化合物等の硬化剤を伴う2液硬化型樹脂など、種々のタイプの樹脂を用いることができる。
基材層中の着色剤の含有量は、装飾層を構成する樹脂100質量部に対して、5質量部以上90質量部以下が好ましく、15質量部以上80質量部以下がより好ましく、30質量部以上70質量部以下がさらに好ましい。
基材層と透明性樹脂層との間には、両層の密着性を向上するために接着剤層Aを形成することが好ましい。
なお、基材層と透明性樹脂層との間に、さらに、上述した装飾層を有する場合、接着剤層Aと装飾層との位置関係は特に限定されない。具体的には、基材層に近い側から装飾層、接着剤層Aを順に有していてもよいし、基材層に近い側から接着剤層A、装飾層を順に有していてもよい。
ウレタン系接着剤としては、例えば、ポリエーテルポリオール、ポリエステルポリオール、アクリルポリオール等の各種ポリオール化合物と、上記の各種イソシアネート化合物等の硬化剤とを含む2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂を利用した接着剤が挙げられる。
本発明の化粧シートは、上記吸光度に関する性状に加えて、透湿度が0.75g/m2・24h以上45g/m2・24h以下であることが好ましい。このような透湿度を有することにより、更に施工適性、長期密着性及び加工適性に優れたものとなる。
具体的には、化粧シートの透湿度を上記範囲内とすることで、施工過程における初期密着強度が向上するので、施工の際に、初期密着強度が不足することにより当該化粧シートの端面が剥がれる、いわゆるスプリングバックの発生を抑制することができるため、施工効率が向上する。他方、化粧シートと被着材とを接着剤層を介して化粧材とした場合、主に化粧シートと被着材との間における接着剤層の劣化を抑制することができるので、当該劣化による剥離を抑制し、長期使用しても剥離が生じない、長期密着性を向上させることとなる。すなわち、本発明の化粧材の透湿度を特定の範囲とすることで、施工過程における初期密着強度の向上による施工適性の向上とともに、長期使用しても剥離が生じない長期密着性の向上を図ることができる。
本発明において、透湿度の調整は、既述のように、主に基材層を構成する材料の種類、透明性樹脂層を有する場合は樹脂層を構成する材料の種類等によって行うことができる。
本発明の化粧シートは、例えば基材層と透明性樹脂層とを積層する工程、及び該透明性樹脂層上に表面保護層を形成する工程を含む製造方法により製造することができる。
エンボス加工を行う場合、例えば、化粧シートを好ましくは80℃以上260℃以下、より好ましくは85℃以上160℃以下、さらに好ましくは100℃以上140℃以下に加熱し、化粧シートにエンボス版を押圧して、エンボス加工を行うことができる。エンボス版を押圧する箇所は、化粧シートの表面保護層側とすることが好ましい。
本発明の化粧材は、被着材と上記の本発明の化粧シートとを有するものであり、具体的には、被着材の装飾を要する面と、化粧シートの基材層側の面とを対向させて積層したものである。
図2は、本発明の化粧材200の実施の形態を示す断面図である。
図1の化粧材200は、本発明の化粧シート100、接着剤層B210、及び被着材220をこの順に有している。また、化粧シート100の基材層140と被着材220とが接着剤層B210を介して対向するように積層されている。
被着材としては、各種素材の平板、曲面板等の板材、立体形状物品、シート(あるいはフィルム)等が挙げられる。例えば、杉、檜、松、ラワン等の各種木材から成る木材単板、木材合板、集成材、パーティクルボード、MDF(中密度繊維板)等の木質繊維板等の板材や立体形状物品等として用いられる木質部材;鉄、銅、アルミニウム、チタニウム等の板材や鋼板、立体形状物品、あるいはシート等として用いられる金属部材;ガラス、陶磁器等のセラミックス、石膏等の非セメント窯業系材料、ALC(軽量気泡コンクリート)板等の非陶磁器窯業系材料等の板材や立体形状物品等として用いられる窯業部材;アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン樹脂、ABS(アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体)樹脂、フェノール樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、セルロース樹脂、ゴム等の板材、立体形状物品、あるいはシート等として用いられる樹脂部材等が挙げられる。また、これらの部材は、単独で、又は複数種を組み合わせて用いることができる。
被着材と化粧シートとは、優れた接着性を得るため、接着剤層Bを介して貼り合わせられたものであること、すなわち本発明の化粧材は、被着材、接着剤層B及び化粧シートをこの順に有するものであることが好ましい。
また、接着剤層には、粘着剤を用いることもできる。粘着剤としては、アクリル系、ウレタン系、シリコーン系、ゴム系等の粘着剤を適宜選択して用いることができる。
化粧材は、化粧シートと被着材とを積層する工程を経て製造することができる。
本工程は、被着材と、本発明の化粧シートとを積層する工程であり、被着材の装飾を要する面と、化粧シートの基材側の面とを対向させて積層する。被着材と化粧シートとの積層する方法としては、例えば、接着剤層Bを介して化粧シートを板状の被着材に加圧ローラーで加圧して積層するラミネート方法等が挙げられる。
1.評価及び測定
1-1.吸光度
紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日立製作所社製、商品名:U-4000)を用いて、JIS K0115:2004に準拠して、透明性樹脂層上に表面保護層を形成した積層体の波長360~380nmの吸光度A12、波長310nmの吸光度A22を測定した。また、透明性樹脂層の波長360~380nmの吸光度A10、波長310nmの吸光度A20を同手段で測定した。吸光度A12から吸光度A10を減じて、表面保護層の波長360~380nmの吸光度A11を算出し、吸光度A22から吸光度A20を減じて、表面保護層の波長310nmの吸光度A21を算出した。
下記の超促進耐候性試験装置を用いて、実施例及び比較例で得られた化粧シートに対して、ブラックパネル温度63℃、照度100mW/cm2の条件で20時間紫外線を照射した後、4時間結露させるサイクルを繰り返した。800時間経過後に、化粧シートの外観を下記基準にて目視で評価した。
<超促進耐候性試験装置>
UVランプ(商品名:M04-L21WB/SUV、岩崎電気社製)、ランプジャケット(商品名:WJ50-SUV、岩崎電気社製)及び照度計(商品名:UVD-365PD、岩崎電気社製)を備えてなる、超促進耐候性試験装置(商品名:アイ スーパー UVテスター SUV-W161」、岩崎電気社製)
<評価基準>
A:化粧シートの全体で外観変化は確認されなかった。
B:化粧シートの外観上で軽微な白化は確認されたが、透明性樹脂層及び基材層の少なくとも一方の層において色調変化は確認できなかった。
C:化粧シートの外観上で軽微な白化が確認されるとともに、透明性樹脂層及び基材層の少なくとも一方の層において軽微な色調変化が確認された。
D:化粧シートの著しい外観白化、並びに、透明性樹脂層及び基材層の少なくとも一方の層において大きな色調変化が確認された。
実施例及び比較例で得られた化粧シートについて、JIS Z0208:1976に規定される防湿包装材料の透湿度試験方法(カップ法)に準拠して、透湿度を測定した。
1-4.施工適性の評価
実施例及び比較例で得られた化粧シートと幅25mmの平板上の被着体(材質:ポリ塩化ビニル(PVC))とを、湿気硬化型かつホットメルト型ウレタン樹脂系接着剤(分子中にイソシアネート基を有するポリウレタン系プレポリマー、「1308.20(品名)」、TAKA社製)を120℃で溶融してなる厚さ50μmの接着剤層を介して貼着し、室温23℃にて該接着剤層を冷却し、固化させて、1時間90℃の環境下に放置して試料を作製し、25℃の温度環境下にて、テンシロン万能材料試験機(「テンシロンRTC-1250A(品名)」、オリエンテック(株)製)を用い、引張速度:10mm/分、剥離方向90°、チャック間距離:30mmの条件でピーリング試験を行い、ピーリング強度を初期接着強度として測定し、以下の基準で評価した。B評価以上であれば、施工適性の評価は合格である。
A:ピーリング強度が1.0N/mm以上であった。
B:ピーリング強度が0.5N/mm以上1.0N/mm未満であった。
C:ピーリング強度が0.5N/mm未満であった。
1-5.長期密着性の評価
上記「1-4.施工適性の評価」で作製した試料を、70℃90%RHの湿熱環境に6週間放置した後、25℃の温度環境下にて、テンシロン万能材料試験機(「テンシロンRTC-1250A(品名)」、オリエンテック(株)製)を用い、引張速度:50mm/分、剥離方向90°の条件でピーリング試験を行い、ピーリング強度を測定し、以下の基準で評価した。B評価以上であれば、長期密着性の評価は合格である。
A:ピーリング強度が2.0N/mm以上であった。
B:ピーリング強度が1.0N/mm以上2.0N/mm未満であった。
C:ピーリング強度が1.0N/mm未満であった。
1-6.加工適性
上記「1-4.施工適性の評価」で試料を作製において貼着(ラミネート)する際、曲げ部分(曲げ角度:1mmR)における化粧材の浮きを目視にて確認し、以下の基準で評価した。B評価以上であれば、加工適性は合格である。
A:浮きは全く確認されなかった。
B:浮きはほとんど確認されなかった。
C:浮きが確認され、剥離が生じた。
両面コロナ放電処理を施した基材層(厚み60μmの着色ポリプロピレン樹脂シート)の一方の面に、2液硬化型のアクリル-ウレタン樹脂からなる印刷インキを用いて装飾層を形成した。次いで、装飾層上に、厚み3μmのウレタン樹脂系接着剤からなる接着剤層Aを形成した。
次いで、接着剤層A上に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂100質量部に対して、ヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤1(商品名:TINUVIN460、BASF社製)を0.12質量部、ヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤2(商品名:TINUVIN477、BASF社製)を0.15質量部で含む樹脂組成物をTダイ押出し機により加熱溶融押出し、厚み80μmの透明性樹脂層を形成した。
次いで、プライマー層上に、重量平均分子量4000の3官能ウレタンアクリレートオリゴマーからなる電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物100質量部に対して、ヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤1(商品名:TINUVIN460、BASF社製)を2質量部、ヒンダードアミン光安定剤(商品名:TINUVIN123、BASF社製)を3質量部で含む樹脂組成物を塗布し、電子線を照射して電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させることにより、厚み5μmのトップコート層を形成し、プライマー層とトップコート層とからなる表面保護層を形成した。
次いで、トップコート層の上からエンボス加工により深さ50μmの木目導管状の凹凸模様を形成し、実施例1の化粧シートを得た。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により耐候性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第1表に示す。
透明性樹脂層、トップコート層を形成する樹脂組成物に含まれる紫外線吸収剤を、第1表に示される量とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2~4の化粧シートを作製した。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により耐候性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第1表に示す。
実施例1において、基材層を、ポリプロピレン系樹脂シート(厚さ:80μm、結晶化度:70%、プロピレン-エチレンランダム共重合体(エチレン含有量:4.5質量%以下))とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして化粧シートを作製した。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により施工適性、長期密着性及び加工適性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第2表に示す。
実施例1において、基材層を、ポリプロピレン系樹脂シート(厚さ:60μm、結晶化度:50%、プロピレン-エチレンランダム共重合体(エチレン含有量:4.5質量%以下))とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして化粧シートを作製した。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により施工適性、長期密着性及び加工適性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第2表に示す。
実施例1において、基材層を、ポリプロピレン系樹脂シート(厚さ:60μm、結晶化度:40%、プロピレン-エチレンランダム共重合体(エチレン含有量:4.5質量%以下))とし、透明性樹脂層の厚さを40μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして化粧シートを作製した。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により施工適性、長期密着性及び加工適性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第2表に示す。
透明性樹脂層、トップコート層を形成する樹脂組成物に含まれる紫外線吸収剤を、第1表に示される量とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、比較例1~3の化粧シートを作製した。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により耐候性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第1表に示す。
実施例1において、基材層を、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂シート(厚さ:120μm、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてポリエステル系可塑剤(アジピン酸系ポリエステル)を33質量部加えた樹脂組成物を押出し成形して作製したものである。)とし、接着剤層A及び透明性樹脂層を設けなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして化粧シートを作製した。得られた化粧シートについて、上記方法により施工適性、長期密着性及び加工適性の評価を行った。吸光度及び評価結果を第2表に示す。
111:トップコート層
112:プライマー層
110:表面保護層
120:透明性樹脂層
130:接着剤層A
141:絵柄層
142:着色ベタ層
140:装飾層
150:基材層
200:化粧材
210:接着剤層B
220:被着材
Claims (16)
- 基材層、透明性樹脂層及び表面保護層をこの順に有し、該基材層及び該透明性樹脂層の少なくとも一方の層が、少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂を含む樹脂組成物により構成され、JIS K0115:2004に準拠して測定される、該表面保護層の波長360~380nmにおける吸光度A11が0.1超であり、該透明性樹脂層及び該表面保護層の波長360~380nmにおける吸光度A12が0.3超である、化粧シート。
- 前記表面保護層の波長310nmにおける吸光度A21が0.8以上であり、前記透明性樹脂層及び前記表面保護層の波長310nmにおける吸光度A22が1.1以上である請求項1に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記少なくとも360~380nmに紫外線の吸収波長を有する樹脂が、ポリプロピレン樹脂及び塩化ビニル樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも一方の樹脂である請求項1又は2に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記透明性樹脂層及び前記表面保護層の少なくとも一方の層にトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤を含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記トリアジン系紫外線吸収剤が、ヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系紫外線吸収剤である請求項4に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記透明性樹脂層及び前記表面保護層の少なくとも一方の層に光安定剤を含む請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記表面保護層が、硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化物を含むトップコート層を有する請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記硬化性樹脂組成物が電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物である請求項7に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記表面保護層が、さらにプライマー層を有し、該プライマー層が前記トップコート層と前記透明性樹脂層との間に形成される層である請求項7又は8に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記基材層と前記透明性樹脂層との間に装飾層を有する請求項1~9のいずれ1項に記載の化粧シート。
- 前記吸光度A11と前記吸光度A12との比率(吸光度A11/吸光度A12)が、0.30以上0.85以下である請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の化粧シート。
- JIS Z0208:1976に規定される防湿包装材料の透湿度試験方法(カップ法)に準拠して測定された透湿度が0.75g/m2・24h以上45g/m2・24h以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の化粧シート。
- 被着材と請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の化粧シートとを有する化粧材。
- 前記化粧シートと前記被着材との間に、ウレタン系接着剤で構成される接着剤層を有する請求項13に記載の化粧材。
- 前記ウレタン系接着剤が、湿気硬化型接着剤である請求項14に記載の化粧材。
- 前記被着材が、金属部材又は樹脂部材である請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の化粧材。
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- 2019-09-27 AU AU2019347422A patent/AU2019347422A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-27 EP EP19865632.4A patent/EP3858615A4/en active Pending
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AU2019347422A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CN112789175A (zh) | 2021-05-11 |
US20210347199A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
JP2022058503A (ja) | 2022-04-12 |
JP7006803B2 (ja) | 2022-01-24 |
CN112789175B (zh) | 2023-05-02 |
JP7306495B2 (ja) | 2023-07-11 |
EP3858615A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
JPWO2020067469A1 (ja) | 2021-09-24 |
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