WO2020001140A1

WO2020001140A1 - Plant culture mat and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2020001140A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/083385
Authority: WO
Inventors: 宁晓晖
Original assignee: 重庆盛方新材料科技有限公司
Priority date: 2018-06-27
Filing date: 2019-04-19
Publication date: 2020-01-02
Also published as: CN108575470A

Abstract

A plant culture mat and a preparation method thereof. The plant culture mat consists of plant fibers and urea-formaldehyde glue. The plant fibers are bound by the urea-formaldehyde glue to form a plant fiber layer. The plant fibers have an average diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 cm. The plant fiber layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 3 cm. The plant culture mat is degradable and has good water retention and weed control.

Description

Plant cultivation mat and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of grass control and drought prevention, in particular to a planting mat and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

China is a large agricultural country. The traditional methods of controlling grass and preventing drought generally adopt the following methods:

1. Artificial stroking. That is, the artificial method is used to pinch pines with a thickness of 0-15 cm around the fruit trees. Its advantages are strong operability and careful cleaning. Disadvantages: labor-intensive and time-consuming, multiple operations are required, which can easily cause soil erosion, drought prevention, soil conservation and grass control poor effect.

2, artificial medicine. That is to control the grass artificially. Its advantages are obvious herbicidal effects; disadvantages: improper pesticide operation can easily damage fruit tree seedlings or cause environmental pollution and soil residues.

3. Artificial stinging and straw or plastic film covering. It is similar to artificial strokes, but it is covered with a layer of 5-10 cm of straw after the strokes. On the one hand, it can improve the soil structure and retain water and water. It can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and achieve the purpose of preserving soil moisture. It can create a more suitable soil environment for the growth of fruits, cash crops, and soil microorganisms. Practice has shown that mulching film, straw and other materials can effectively control weeds in the orchard and protect the mulch and prevent drought. The mulching film has the characteristics of strong water retention, light weight and durability, and can play a significant role in increasing temperature and water and controlling grass. It has the advantages of increasing the root cover of the tree, and can reduce the temperature and increase the organic matter in the soil. Disadvantages: Straw is extremely susceptible to rot, and its effect is short. Since the mulch film cannot be degraded, it will have a great impact on the environment.

Summary of the invention

In order to solve at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background, the present disclosure provides a novel plant cultivation mat and a preparation method thereof.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a planting mat composed of plant fibers and urea-formaldehyde glue; the plant fibers are bonded by the urea-formaldehyde glue to form a plant fiber layer; the average diameter of the plant fibers is 0.05 cm to 0.2 cm; and the plant fibers The thickness of the layer is 0.5 cm to 3 cm.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the plant fiber is 50% to 80%, and the weight ratio of the urea-formaldehyde gum is 20% -50%.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the porosity of the planting mat is 10% to 50%.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the urea-formaldehyde gum is replaced with soybean gum or gelatin, pectin, white latex.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plant fiber layer has a mesh shape.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plant fiber is one or a mixture of coconut shell fiber, palm fiber, hemp fiber, bamboo fiber, straw fiber, and cotton stalk fiber.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the saturated water absorption of the plant cultivation mat is 50% -150%.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned planting mat, including the following steps:

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure,

(1) Put the metered formaldehyde into the reaction kettle;

(2) Under constant stirring, add caustic soda to formaldehyde, adjust the pH value to 7.8, and begin to slowly raise the temperature to 25-30 ° C;

(3) Under constant stirring, add 50% of the total amount of urea to the reaction kettle, and raise the temperature to 60 ° C within 30 minutes, preferably, approximately 10 ° C every 10 minutes;

(4) When the temperature in the reactor reaches 60 ° C, add 25% of the total amount of urea for the second time, keep stirring, and control the heating rate as before, and control the temperature to rise to 90 ° C within 30 minutes;

(5) Finally, the remaining portion of urea is added and kept at 90 ° C for 30 minutes;

(6) Adjust the pH to 4.5 with liquid caustic soda (concentration 36%) immediately after constant temperature;

(7) Within 10-20 minutes after acid adjustment, use normal temperature water to check whether the gum solution obtained in step (6) has reached the end of the reaction. The gum solution that has reached the end of the reaction drops into the white water and starts to form a white mist; if the reaction has been reached At the end point, immediately lower the temperature to about 75 ° C, adjust the pH value to 7.8 with caustic soda, and make the gel at a constant temperature;

(8) Immediately after the gel is formed, the gel is cooled to 35-40 ° C, and a formaldehyde adsorbent is added to prepare the urea-formaldehyde gel, put it in a plastic bucket, seal the bucket lid, and store it in a cool room;

(9) Grid processing of plant fibers;

(10) using the urea formaldehyde gum obtained in step (8) to spray glue the plant fibers treated in step (9) to form a plant fiber layer; and

(11) Lock and dry the plant fiber layer.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, meshing the plant fibers in step (11) includes:

(111) opening and carding the plant fibers;

(112) The opened and carded plant fibers are laid into a net shape, and then preliminary locking is performed.

According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the preliminary locking degree in step (112) is lower than the locking degree in step (11).

detailed description

The disclosure is described in further detail below. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain related content, rather than limiting the present disclosure.

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

The plant mat in this embodiment is composed of plant fibers and urea-formaldehyde glue; the plant fibers are bonded by the urea-formaldehyde glue to form a plant fiber layer; the average diameter of the plant fibers is 0.05 cm to 0.2 cm; and the thickness of the plant fiber layer is 0.5 cm Up to 3cm.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the weight ratio of the plant fiber is 50% to 80%, and the weight ratio of the urea-formaldehyde gum is 20% -50%.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the porosity of the cultivation mat is 10% to 50%.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the urea-formaldehyde gum is replaced with soybean gum or gelatin, pectin, and white latex.

Urea-formaldehyde gum has biodegradable properties. After a period of time, the degraded urea-formaldehyde gum can play the role of fertile soil without causing pollution to the environment. On the other hand, the urea-formaldehyde glue binds loose plant fibers and prolongs it. The life of the planting mat.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plant fiber layer has a mesh shape.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the plant fiber is one or a mixture of coconut shell fiber, palm fiber, hemp fiber, bamboo fiber, straw fiber, and cotton stalk fiber.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the saturated water absorption of the plant cultivation mat is 50% -150%.

The plant fiber layer of the plant mat of the present disclosure has a porous structure. The plant fiber layer with a porous structure guarantees a certain degree of porosity and air permeability of the plant cultivation pad, and is fixed in shape. The implementation is simple and convenient. The high porosity of the plant fiber layer and the water-swelling characteristics of the adhesive make the product light. The characteristics of high quality, high porosity and saturated water absorption, and the characteristics of high lignin in plant fiber components ensure that the planting mats of the present disclosure have a long service life. The planting mats of the present disclosure can reduce the temperature difference of the root soil of the plant. Reduce soil moisture evaporation, and is widely used for water conservation and weed control in cash crop plantations in dry and cold regions. After reaching the end of its useful life, the plant fiber and the degradable urea-formaldehyde gum in it decompose into fertilizers, which further nourish the plant root soil.

The method for preparing a planting mat according to this embodiment includes the following steps:

(1) Put the metered formaldehyde into the reaction kettle;

(9) Grid processing of plant fibers;

(11) Lock and dry the plant fiber layer.

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of meshing the plant fibers in step (11) includes:

(111) opening and carding the plant fibers;

In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the preliminary locking degree in step (112) is lower than the locking degree in step (11).

The effect of the planting mat of the present disclosure will be described below with examples.

Example 1 Apple Orchard Maintenance

In this embodiment, the planting mat is a palm silk planting mat, and the thickness of the planting mat (that is, the thickness of the palm silk fiber layer) is 1.5 cm.

Place planting mats around the roots of apple trees, covering an area of 4 square meters. There are 50 apple trees in 1 acre apple orchard, and a total of 200 square meters of planting mats.

In this embodiment, the planting mat can effectively increase the moisture content of the soil around the roots of the apple tree. The soil temperature is reduced by 3.4% in summer and 56.3% in winter. It has a good protective effect on the surface soil of the orchard, and improves the The tolerance of heat, drought and waterlogging makes the tree body safe and healthy through the four seasons.

Example 2 Maintenance of Lemon Orchard

In this embodiment, the planting mat is a straw fiber planting mat with a thickness of 1 cm.

In this example, a planting mat is applied in a lemon orchard, and by covering the planting mat within a range of 30-80 cm around the canopy of the lemon fruit tree, the long grass around the canopy is inhibited and normal fertility is effectively retained. At the same time, the effect of reducing soil compaction and activating soil microbial indicators is obvious. Through comparative tests, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and organic matter contents in the soil of the lemon trees with planting mats were significantly enhanced, which effectively improved the soil quality.

Example 3 Vineyard Conservation

In this embodiment, the planting mat is a jute fiber planting mat with a thickness of 1.5CM.

In this embodiment, the winter root heat preservation effect of the vine is significantly improved. Vine vines are mainly damaged by winter roots. When the ground temperature of the grape root system drops to -6 ° C, the roots of the grapes will have different degrees of freezing damage; when the ground temperature drops to -8 ° C, all of them will freeze to death. In order to achieve a better cold protection effect, when the second cold-proof soil is buried, covering the planting mat before burying the soil can obviously increase the temperature at the root of the grape. The width (bottom width) of the cold-proof soil is not less than 1.8 meters, the front side is trapezoidal, and the upper width is 1-2 meters. It can be compacted after burying.

In an optional embodiment of the present disclosure, the planting mat may further include a retaining layer, the retaining layer is provided at least on the plant fiber layer, and a retaining layer may be provided on the uppermost layer of the planting mat and on the lowermost layer. Set up a retaining layer. The retaining layer is used to fasten the plant fiber layer. The holding layer may be formed of plastic, organic resin, polypropylene, glass fiber, or the like, and has a grid-like shape. In addition, the holding layer is fixed to the plant fiber layer by means of bonding, articulation or binding, so that the integrity of the planting mat is enhanced.

In an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure, the planting mat may further include a weed control agent.

In one embodiment, the weed control agent can be made into small spheres, a plurality of sphere-shaped weed control agents can be interspersed between plant fibers, and these weeds are bonded by a bonding material such as urea formaldehyde The control agent adheres to the plant fibers.

In this way, when preparing the planting mat, in step 3 described above, the plant fibers are subjected to a meshing process (the opened and carded plant fibers are laid into a net shape), and the weed control agent is also included. Scattered in plant fibers.

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the plant fiber can be made into a plant fiber layer in the manner described above, and the plurality of plant fiber layers can be adhered by stacking a plurality of plant fiber layers, using an adhesive such as a urea-formaldehyde glue, and the like. (Also can be locked in other ways) to form a planting mat, and a control agent layer made of a weed control agent is placed between some adjacent plant fiber layers. The control agent layer is preferably placed on the lowest fiber layer.

In the embodiment of adding a weed control agent layer, after making a single-layer plant cultivation mat by the above method, it further includes the steps of stacking at least two layers of plant cultivation mats, and setting weed control on the bottom plant cultivation mats. Agent layer, and spraying treatment is performed on the contact surface of each layer by using an adhesive such as urea-formaldehyde glue; and then drying.

In an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure, according to the weight ratio, the weed control agent contains 35% of the herbicide raw material, 30% of the slow-release material, 25% of the diluent, 5% of the binder, and 5% Pesticide auxiliaries. Among them, the herbicide raw material is a systemic-conduction herbicide raw material medicine, which can be absorbed by the roots, leaves, coleoptiles or stems of weeds, and can be transmitted to plants to cause weeds to die; including but not limited to The following herbicide APIs: Prometryn (RM), Metsulfuron (MF), Chlorsulfuron (CF), Paraquat, Ganoderma, Alachlor, Diuron, 2,4-D, Cima The herbicide raw materials may also include auxiliary ingredients. The auxiliary ingredients may be selected from broad-spectrum inorganic compound herbicides such as borax, potassium chlorate, or copper sulfate; and herbicide raw materials in which a single component or multiple components are mixed. A drug substance with a long-acting half-life is preferred. The sustained release material is ethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose, hypromellose or carboxymethyl cellulose. The diluent is microcrystalline cellulose. The binder was ethyl cellulose ethanol.

Preparation method of weed control agent: for example: after mixing prometryn and borax in a certain ratio, add ethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, and crush it through an 80 mesh sieve; add the mixed material to a certain amount of 5% ethyl Cellulose (EC) ethanol solution is used as a binder to make a soft material. Wet particles are passed through a 16-mesh sieve. 3. Soft material extrusion: Put the wet particles into the extruder and press the extrusion aperture to 1.5mm; the extrusion frequency is 20 , Blast frequency of 50, extruded into strips; 4. spheronization: the extrudate is added to the spheronization machine and spheronized at a speed of 800 rpm, taken out after 10 minutes to obtain pellets; 5. drying: prepared pellets Put it at 40 ° C and dry for 8 hours.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing implementations are merely for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other changes or modifications may be made on the basis of the above disclosure, and these changes or modifications are still within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

A planting mat, characterized in that the planting mat is composed of plant fibers and urea-formaldehyde glue; the plant fibers are bonded by the urea-formaldehyde glue to form a plant fiber layer;

The plant fibers have an average diameter of 0.05 cm to 0.2 cm; and

The thickness of the plant fiber layer is 0.5 cm to 3 cm.
The plant mat according to claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the plant fibers is 50% to 80%, and a weight ratio of the urea-formaldehyde gum is 20% -50%.
The plant cultivation mat according to claim 1, wherein the plant cultivation mat has a porosity of 10% to 50%.
The plant cultivation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the urea-formaldehyde glue is replaced with soybean glue or gelatin, pectin, and white latex.
The plant cultivation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant fiber layer is in a grid shape.
The plant cultivation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the plant fiber is one of coconut fiber, palm fiber, hemp fiber, bamboo fiber, straw fiber, and cotton stalk fiber, or A variety of blends.
The plant cultivation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the saturated water absorption of the plant cultivation mat is 50% -150%.
The method for preparing a planting mat according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:

(1) Put the metered formaldehyde into the reaction kettle;

(2) Under constant stirring, add caustic soda to formaldehyde, adjust the pH value to 7.8, and begin to slowly raise the temperature to 25-30 ° C;

(3) Under constant stirring, add 50% of the total amount of urea to the reaction kettle, and raise the temperature to 60 ° C within 30 minutes, preferably, approximately 10 ° C every 10 minutes;

(4) When the temperature in the reactor reaches 60 ° C, add 25% of the total amount of urea for the second time, keep stirring, and control the heating rate as before, and control the temperature to rise to 90 ° C within 30 minutes;

(5) Finally, the remaining portion of urea is added and kept at 90 ° C for 30 minutes;

(6) Adjust the pH to 4.5 with liquid caustic soda (concentration 36%) immediately after constant temperature;

(7) Within 10-20 minutes after acid adjustment, use normal temperature water to check whether the gum solution obtained in step (6) has reached the end of the reaction. The gum solution that has reached the end of the reaction drops into the white water and starts to form a white mist. At the end point, immediately lower the temperature to about 75 ° C, adjust the pH value to 7.8 with caustic soda, and make the gel at a constant temperature;

(8) Immediately after the gel is formed, the gel is cooled to 35-40 ° C, and a formaldehyde adsorbent is added to prepare the urea-formaldehyde gel, put into a plastic bucket, seal the bucket lid, and store in a cool room;

(9) Grid processing of plant fibers;

(10) using the urea formaldehyde gum obtained in step (8) to spray glue the plant fibers treated in step (9) to form a plant fiber layer; and

(11) The plant fiber layer is locked and dried.
The method according to claim 8, wherein the step of meshing the plant fibers in the step (11) comprises:

(111) opening and carding the plant fibers;

(112) The opened and carded plant fibers are laid into a net shape, and then preliminary locking is performed.
The method according to claim 8, wherein the preliminary locking degree in step (112) is lower than the locking degree in step (11).