WO2019218630A1 - 一种低地板电动桥总成 - Google Patents

一种低地板电动桥总成 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019218630A1
WO2019218630A1 PCT/CN2018/116577 CN2018116577W WO2019218630A1 WO 2019218630 A1 WO2019218630 A1 WO 2019218630A1 CN 2018116577 W CN2018116577 W CN 2018116577W WO 2019218630 A1 WO2019218630 A1 WO 2019218630A1
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Prior art keywords
hub motor
gear
planetary gear
hub
housing
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PCT/CN2018/116577
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2019218630A9 (zh
Inventor
李建秋
胡家毅
徐梁飞
蔡炳坤
李航
Original Assignee
清华大学
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Application filed by 清华大学 filed Critical 清华大学
Priority to EP18918873.3A priority Critical patent/EP3795402B1/en
Publication of WO2019218630A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019218630A1/zh
Priority to US17/096,953 priority patent/US11945302B2/en
Publication of WO2019218630A9 publication Critical patent/WO2019218630A9/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/14—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing the motor of fluid or electric gearing being disposed in or adjacent to traction wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/001—Axles of the portal type, i.e. axles designed for higher ground clearance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/002—Axles of the low floor type, e.g. for low-floor city busses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
    • B60B35/12—Torque-transmitting axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/06—Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
    • B60G17/08—Characteristics of fluid dampers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G9/00—Resilient suspensions of a rigid axle or axle housing for two or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B60K17/046—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel with planetary gearing having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/065—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels employing disc
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0476—Electric machines and gearing, i.e. joint lubrication or cooling or heating thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0482—Gearings with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H57/0486—Gearings with gears having orbital motion with fixed gear ratio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/083—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B60G2202/1524—Pneumatic spring with two air springs per wheel, arranged before and after the wheel axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/20—Type of damper
    • B60G2202/24—Fluid damper
    • B60G2202/242—Pneumatic damper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/50—Electric vehicles; Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • B60Y2200/143—Busses
    • B60Y2200/1432—Low floor busses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2001/2881—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion comprising two axially spaced central gears, i.e. ring or sun gear, engaged by at least one common orbital gear wherein one of the central gears is forming the output

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle driving technology, in particular to a low floor electric bridge assembly.
  • the conventional electric bus is widely used in the prior art.
  • the power system includes a drive motor, a reduction gear (or a transmission), a transmission shaft and a drive axle, and the transmission chain is long and the transmission efficiency is relatively low. Defects, and these components occupy most of the space of the vehicle longitudinals, affecting the overall layout and weight, and when applied to passenger cars, the floor of the passenger car is higher.
  • the low-floor electric bridge of the passenger car adopts a distributed driving manner, and a wheel or hub motor is commonly used, and the two driving motors are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the axle housing, but the motor axis and the wheel axis are often in parallel or perpendicular relationship. And use two-stage deceleration.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 the floor electric drive axle structure of the typical parallel shaft arrangement motor mode is shown, and Fig. 2 is the layout of the patent "a wheel side electric drive deceleration low floor axle” (patent number: CN203427602U).
  • Figure 3 is the layout of the patent "low-floor door wheel motor rear axle for electric passenger cars" (patent number: CN102555773A).
  • the power outputted by the motor of the above solution is firstly transmitted through the primary spur gear located at the wheel edge, and then output to the planetary gear reducer of the wheel side.
  • the first stage spur gear reduction gearbox and the mechanical brake system are arranged on the motor and the second stage planetary gear. Between the reduction gearboxes, the brake calipers and the brake plenum are arranged above the brake disc, and the spur gear reduction gearbox and the brake caliper take up more axial space.
  • Fig. 4 a typical vertical axis arrangement motor type floor electric drive axle structure is shown
  • Fig. 4 is a layout scheme of the patent "wheel side electric axle" (patent number: CN101830172A), showing a typical vertical arrangement.
  • the power output from the motor is first transmitted through the bevel gear or the hypoid gear at the wheel edge, and then output to the wheel planetary gear reducer.
  • This arrangement is decelerated by two stages, and the bevel gear or hypoid gear is used, the transmission efficiency is low, and the space is large.
  • the brake system of the low floor electric bridge is placed in the bevel gear reduction mechanism and the wheel side deceleration. Between the boxes, it also occupies a large axial space, affecting the width of the low floor part, that is, the aisle of the passenger car.
  • the present invention provides a distributed driving scheme using a dual hub motor, which coaxially arranges the motor on the wheel axis in the rim, and removes the first stage spur gear, bevel gear or Hypoid gear transmission, using variable structure planetary gear reducer to ensure high transmission ratio and transmission efficiency, the brake system is arranged at the two ends of the axle inside the motor, making full use of the space at both ends of the axle to form a low floor electric Bridge assembly.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
  • a low-floor electric bridge assembly comprising: axle housing, hub motor, planetary gear reduction box, hub, brake system, C-beam and suspension system, mechanical installation of the suspension system is compatible with conventional axles, braking
  • the system, hub motor and planetary gearbox are arranged to extend the width of the passenger aisle.
  • the axle housing has a dumbbell structure with left and right symmetry for carrying the weight of the vehicle body;
  • the hub motor is an inner rotor motor, and the left and right symmetry are respectively disposed at two ends of the axle housing, the hub motor is coaxially arranged with the wheel, and the hub motor rotor is connected with the planetary gear reduction box;
  • the planetary gear reduction gearbox is a single-stage planetary gear reduction gearbox, the sun gear of the planetary gear reduction gearbox receives the power output by the hub motor, and the gearbox housing of the planetary gear reduction gearbox is used as a power output end and the rim phase Connected to transmit power to the wheels;
  • the hub is supported on an output shaft sleeve of the motor by a bearing, and is coupled to the planetary gear reduction case and the rim;
  • the brake system employs a disc type mechanical brake powered by variable air pressure or variable hydraulic pressure, including: a brake disc, a brake caliper, and a brake plenum or a brake hydraulic chamber; the brake disc is mounted at the On the output end of the rotor of the hub motor, the brake caliper is installed at two ends of the axle housing, and the brake air chamber or the brake hydraulic chamber is disposed at a hollow position of the middle beam of the axle housing;
  • the C-shaped beam has a C-shaped structure, and is disposed at a side of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hub motor at both ends of the axle housing;
  • the suspension system is a four-ball suspension in which an air bag assembly and a damper assembly are mounted, and a thrust rod assembly is mounted on the axle housing.
  • both ends of the axle housing have a semi-cylindrical shape, and the shape of the semi-cylindrical shape is matched with the outer contour of the hub motor, and the mounting hole of the hub motor is disposed on the semi-cylindrical.
  • the hub motor is detachably mounted in a semi-cylindrical structure of the axle housing from an opening above the semi-cylindrical structure, and the wheel hub and the reduction gear housing of the planetary gear reduction box are from the end surface of the semi-cylindrical structure
  • the C-shaped beam is respectively installed in the front and rear positions of the semi-cylindrical side of the axle housing for arranging the suspension system
  • the V-shaped bracket is arranged in the middle of the axle housing to install the suspension thrust rod.
  • the hub motor is an inner rotor motor carried by the axle housing, and the hub motor itself does not need to carry the mass of the vehicle body.
  • the hub motor comprises: a hub motor stator, a hub motor rotor, a hub motor rotor output shaft and a hub motor housing;
  • the hub motor rotor output shaft is fixedly connected to the hub motor rotor, and extends out of each An end surface of the hub motor, wherein an end of the hub motor output shaft near the inner side of the wheel is fixedly connected to the brake disc, and an end of the hub motor output shaft near the outer side of the wheel penetrates the planetary gear reduction box and the sun a wheel fixed motor connection;
  • the hub motor housing is mounted in the semi-cylindrical structure at both ends of the axle housing, and an end of the hub motor housing adjacent to the outer side of the wheel is disposed coaxially with the rotor motor output shaft of the hub motor a sleeve, a bearing disposed between the sleeve and the rotor motor output shaft of the hub motor to support the hub motor rotor output shaft, the sleeve outer side being fixedly coupled to a ring gear of
  • the planetary gear reduction box is a first-class high-ratio planetary gear reduction box of the variable structure planetary gear, realizing high-speed ratio transmission and ensuring transmission efficiency.
  • the planetary gear reduction case includes: a reduction case housing, a sun gear, a planetary wheel pin, and a planetary gear ring;
  • the reduction case housing serves as a carrier of the planetary gear reduction case, and serves as the planet a power output end of the gear reduction gearbox, wherein the sun gear, the planetary wheel pin and the planetary gear ring gear are disposed in the reduction gear box housing;
  • the sun gear is an input end of the planetary gear reduction gear box, and the a hub motor rotor output shaft fixedly coupled;
  • the planetary wheel pin being fixed to the reduction gear housing for supporting the planetary gear;
  • the planetary gear having a plurality of each of the planetary wheels passing the planetary gear Pins are coupled to the reduction case housing, each of the planet wheels meshing with the sun gear to transmit power input by the hub motor;
  • the ring gear is sleeved on the planet gear and with the planet The wheel is engaged and the ring gear is fixed to the sleeve of the rotor output shaft of
  • each of the planetary gears includes: a primary gear and a secondary gear; the primary gear meshes with the sun gear; the secondary gear is coaxially disposed with the primary gear and meshes with the ring gear The number of teeth of the secondary gear is smaller than the number of teeth of the primary gear.
  • a sleeve of the rotor motor output shaft of the hub motor is disposed in the reduction gear box housing, and a side of the reduction gear housing is disposed near a side of the hub motor with a mounting flange surface, and the mounting flange surface is a hub flange surface and a flange surface on the rim, the hub body portion being disposed inside the reduction case housing, and the wheel main bearing is disposed between the hub and the sleeve of the hub motor rotor output shaft .
  • the brake system is disposed inside the wheel, and the brake disc is fixedly coupled with the wheel inner end of the hub motor rotor output shaft, reducing braking torque, such that the diameter of the brake disc,
  • the brake chamber or brake hydraulic chamber has a smaller volume.
  • the brake calipers are respectively installed in semi-cylindrical spaces at the two ends of the axle housing, and the brake air chamber or the brake hydraulic pressure chamber is disposed transversely to the hollow space of the middle beam of the axle housing, which is beneficial to shorten The axial length of the entire wheel system.
  • the C-beam in which the airbag assembly is mounted and the bracket on which the longitudinal thrust lever assembly is mounted are disposed on the inner side of the semi-cylindrical shape of the axle housing; the V-frame arrangement in which the diagonal thrust lever assembly is mounted In the middle of the axle housing.
  • the hub motor and the planetary gear reduction box adopt a direct integrated oil cooling mode to improve the cooling level of the hub motor and ensure the lubrication and cooling effect of the planetary gear reduction box.
  • the hub motor is coaxially arranged with the wheel, and only the high-transmission planetary gearbox of the variable structure planetary gear is driven. Compared with the common parallel shaft arrangement, the single-stage cylindrical gear reduction mechanism is removed, compared to the vertical wheel edge.
  • the motor solution eliminates the bevel gear or the hypoid gear transmission, so the transmission efficiency is higher than the above two modes, saving more space, which is beneficial to the passenger car to widen the aisle;
  • the wheel reducer is a variable structure planetary gear reducer.
  • the planetary gear is divided into two stages, which can ensure a high transmission ratio and ensure a smaller volume under high efficiency;
  • the brake system is arranged on the inner side of the wheel, and the brake caliper is installed at both ends of the axle housing. Compared with the common scheme of arranging the brake system between the motor and the wheel reducer, it is beneficial to shorten the entire wheel system.
  • the axial length makes the passenger car aisle wider;
  • the hub motor and the planetary gear reducer can adopt the direct integrated oil cooling method to improve the cooling level of the hub motor and ensure the lubrication and cooling effect of the planetary gear reducer.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional electric drive system
  • Figure 2 is a structural view of a low-floor electric drive axle of a typical parallel shaft arrangement
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a typical parallel shaft arrangement low floor electric drive axle wheel structure
  • Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a typical vertical axis arrangement low floor electric drive axle
  • Figure 5 is a front elevational view of the low floor type electric axle assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the low floor type electric bridge assembly of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of the end portion of the low floor type electric axle assembly axle housing of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the principle of a first-class high-ratio gearbox of the variable planetary gear structure of the low-floor electric axle assembly of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a 13-ton low-floor electric bridge assembly of the present invention.
  • a low-floor electric bridge assembly comprising: axle housing, hub motor, planetary gear reduction box, hub, brake system, C-beam and suspension system, mechanical installation of the suspension system is compatible with conventional axles, braking
  • the arrangement of the system, hub motor and planetary gear reducer can broaden the width of the passenger aisle;
  • the axle housing has a dumbbell structure with left and right symmetry for carrying the weight of the vehicle body;
  • the hub motor is an inner rotor motor, and the left and right symmetry are respectively disposed at two ends of the axle housing, the hub motor is coaxially arranged with the wheel, and the hub motor rotor is connected with the planetary gear reduction box;
  • the planetary gear reduction gearbox is a single-stage planetary gear reduction gearbox, the sun gear of the planetary gear reduction gearbox receives the power output by the hub motor, and the gearbox housing of the planetary gear reduction gearbox is used as a power output end and the rim phase Connected to transmit power to the wheels;
  • the hub is supported on an output shaft sleeve of the motor by a bearing, and is coupled to the planetary gear reduction case and the rim;
  • the brake system employs a disc type mechanical brake powered by variable air pressure or variable hydraulic pressure, including: a brake disc, a brake caliper, and a brake plenum or a brake hydraulic chamber; the brake disc is mounted at the On the output end of the rotor of the hub motor, the brake caliper is installed at two ends of the axle housing, and the brake air chamber or the brake hydraulic chamber is disposed at a hollow position of the middle beam of the axle housing;
  • the C-shaped beam has a C-shaped structure, and is disposed at a side of the semi-cylindrical structure of the hub motor at both ends of the axle housing;
  • the suspension system is a four-ball suspension in which an air bag assembly and a damper assembly are mounted, and a thrust rod assembly is mounted on the axle housing.
  • a specific embodiment of the invention is illustrated for an axle having a payload of 13 tons.
  • the ends of the axle housing 11 are semi-cylindrical and have a shape corresponding to the motor housing 8, and the motor housing 8 is left on the semi-cylindrical.
  • the mounting hole, the motor is placed in the axle housing semi-cylindrical structure, so that the motor itself does not need to be carried, and is easy to be removed from the upper opening of the semi-cylindrical structure.
  • the hub 17 extends from the end opening of the axle housing half cylinder, and supports the motor rotor output shaft 14, the motor rotor output shaft sleeve 7, and the like, and is externally connected to the rim 18.
  • the outer side of the semi-cylindrical side of the axle housing is provided with a mounting structure 22 for mounting the C-shaped beam 19, a suspension system is arranged on the C-shaped beam, and a bracket 20 is arranged on the semi-cylindrical side of the axle housing to install the longitudinal thrust rod, and the middle of the axle housing is provided. There is a V-shaped bracket 21 to install a diagonal thrust rod.
  • the wheelbase and the suspension mounting distance are compatible with the conventional mechanical axle, which is convenient to adopt the four-balloon suspension form, the connection of the thrust rod and the like, and the installation method of the restraining mechanism is not change.
  • the low-floor electric axle assembly is driven by an inner rotor hub motor, and the motor specifically includes: a motor stator 9; a motor rotor 15; a motor rotor output shaft 14, the rotor output shaft 14 being fixed to the motor rotor 15. Extending the end faces of the motor, the output shaft 14 is connected to the brake disc near the inner side of the wheel, and the output shaft 14 is inserted into the planetary gear reduction box near the outer end of the wheel, and is connected with the sun gear 5; the motor housing 8, The motor housing 8 is mounted on both ends of the axle housing.
  • the housing 8 is disposed near the outer side of the wheel with a sleeve 7 disposed coaxially with the motor rotor output shaft 14, and a bearing is disposed between the rotor output shaft 14. 6 to support the rotor output shaft 14, which simultaneously fixes the ring gear 4 of the planetary gear reduction box.
  • the low-floor electric bridge adopts a wheel-side reduction gearbox which is a first-class high-gear ratio planetary gear reduction gear of the variable structure planetary gear, realizes high-speed ratio transmission and ensures transmission efficiency
  • the specific structure thereof includes: planetary gears
  • the reduction gear housing 1 , the planetary gear reduction housing 1 simultaneously serves as a power transmission end of the reduction gear box; the sun gear 5 , the sun gear 5 is an input end of the planetary gear reduction box, and is fixed to the motor On the rotor output shaft 14; a planetary pin 3, the planetary pin 3 is fixed on the planetary gear reducer housing 1 for supporting the planetary gear 2; the planetary gear 2, the plurality of planetary wheels 2, each The planetary gears 2 are coupled to the planetary gear reduction housing 1 via the planetary gear pins 3, each of which meshes with the sun gear 5 to receive the input of the inner rotor motor; the ring gear 4 The ring gear 4 is jacketed on the planet gear 2 and meshes with the planet gear 2, and
  • each of the planetary gears 2 includes: a primary gear that meshes with the sun gear; a secondary gear that is coaxially disposed with the primary gear and that is coupled to the ring gear Engage, the number of teeth of the secondary gear is smaller than the number of teeth of the primary gear.
  • the speed ratio of the gearbox is calculated as:
  • the primary gear and the secondary gear form can achieve the effect of a two-stage planetary gear reducer, which can effectively reduce the axial length of the planetary gear reducer and reduce the planet while ensuring that the transmission ratio is large enough.
  • the axial dimension of the gear reducer can effectively reduce the axial length of the planetary gear reducer and reduce the planet while ensuring that the transmission ratio is large enough.
  • the housing 1 of the planetary gear reduction box simultaneously serves as a carrier of the reduction gearbox, and outputs power to the rim 18, and the entire reduction gear box and the motor rotor output shaft sleeve 7 are all decelerated in the reduction gear housing 1
  • the box housing 1 has a mounting flange face on the side close to the motor, the flange face mating with the flange face of the hub 17 and the flange face on the rim 18, the hub body portion being inside the reduction case housing 1, the hub 17
  • a wheel main bearing 16 is arranged between the motor rotor output shaft sleeve 7. This arrangement is compatible with the twin tire wheels of a conventional passenger car.
  • the motor has a peak torque of 1600 Nm, a rated torque of 900 Nm, a peak power of 150 kW, and a rated power of 90 kW;
  • the weight of the motor is 120 kg, and the diameter x length dimension is ⁇ 420 ⁇ 270 mm, respectively, and the maximum speed is 5000 r/min;
  • the speed ratio of the wheel reducer is 8, which can meet the dynamic performance requirements of the vehicle with a total mass of 18 tons and a maximum speed of 120 km/h.
  • the brake system is disposed inside the wheel and the brake disk 13 is coupled to the inner wheel end of the motor rotor output shaft 14.
  • This mechanical brake system is mounted on the high speed end to reduce the same brake
  • the required braking torque under the intensity makes the diameter of the brake disc 13 and the volume of the brake chamber 10 smaller, which saves more space and is advantageous for system weight reduction.
  • the brake caliper 12 is installed in the semi-cylindrical space at both ends of the axle housing 11, and the brake air chamber 10 is placed transversely in the hollow space in the middle beam of the axle housing. This arrangement is advantageous for shortening the axial length of the entire wheel system. Make the passenger car aisle wider.
  • the brake disc 13 has a diameter of 320 mm and can withstand a maximum braking torque of 2000 Nm. After the wheel-side reduction gearbox, the maximum braking torque of the axle can reach 32000 Nm, which can meet the braking strength requirement of the mechanical brake. Since the brake disc 13 is not disposed in the middle of the wheel, the axial space within the wheel is saved, so that the axial length of the motor placed in the rim 18 can be longer.
  • the brake caliper 12 has a relatively thick axial portion, and this portion is placed in the semi-cylinder at both ends of the axle housing 11 below the height of the axle aisle and does not affect the aisle width.
  • the brake system is installed at the telling end, so that the brake chamber has a small volume and can be placed transversely in the hollow space in the middle of the axle housing.
  • the maximum height does not exceed the top surface of the axle housing, and the ground clearance is sufficient.
  • the mechanical brake system arrangement facilitates widening the passenger aisle with a low floor electric bridge.
  • each part of the 13t low floor electric bridge can be referred to FIG.
  • the axial length L1 of the planetary gear reducer is about 200 mm, and the distance L2 between the inner end of the reduction gearbox and the outer end of the motor is about 150 mm.
  • This space is used for arranging the hub 17, the motor rotor output shaft sleeve 7 and the motor rotor output.
  • the shaft 14, the axial length L3 of the motor is about 270 mm, and the axial thickness L4 of the brake disk 13 is about 80 mm.
  • the axial total length of the single-sided electric axle wheel portion is about 700 mm.
  • the distance L5 between the wheel rim assembly and the car is about 50 mm, so that the electric bridge aisle width L6 of the embodiment can reach 960 to 1000 mm without changing the requirements of the chassis to the mounting interface of the axle.
  • the 13-ton axle has a wheelbase of 1800 to 1910 mm, and the central aisle has a width of 650 to 850 mm.
  • Figure 9 illustrates that the low floor electric bridge of the present embodiment effectively widens the aisle width of the low floor electric bridge.
  • the motor and the reduction box may adopt a direct integrated oil cooling method to improve the cooling level of the motor and ensure the lubrication and cooling effect of the reduction gear box.

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Abstract

一种低地板电动桥总成，其包括：桥壳（11）、轮毂电机、行星齿轮减速箱、轮毂（17）、制动系统、Ｃ型梁（19）和悬架系统，悬架系统的机械安装兼容传统车桥，制动系统、轮毂电机和行星齿轮减速箱的布置方式可拓宽客车过道宽度。将轮毂电机同轴布置于轮辋（18）内的车轮轴线上，去掉了第一级的圆柱齿轮、锥齿轮或准双曲面齿轮传动，采用变结构的行星轮减速箱保证高传动比与传动效率，将制动系统布置在轮毂电机内侧的车桥两端，充分利用车桥两端的空间，形成低地板式的电动桥总成。

Description

一种低地板电动桥总成 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源汽车驱动技术领域，特别是涉及一种低地板电动桥总成。
背景技术
如图1所示的是现有技术中常采用的传统电动客车集中驱动的方式，动力系统包括驱动电机、减速箱(或变速器)、传动轴和驱动桥，存在传动链条长、传动效率比较低的缺陷，而且这些部件占据了车辆纵梁的大部分空间，影响总体布置与轻量化，应用于客车时导致客车底板较高。
现有技术中客车低地板电动桥采用分布式驱动的方式，常见采用轮边或者轮毂电机，将两个驱动电机对称的布置于桥壳两边，但电机轴线与车轮轴线往往为平行或垂直关系，并采用两级减速。如图2和图3所示，展示了典型的平行轴布置电机方式的地板电驱动桥结构，图2为专利“一种轮边电驱动减速低地板车桥”(专利号：CN203427602U)的布置方案，图3为专利“电动客车用低地板门式轮边电机后桥”(专利号：CN102555773A)的布置方案。上述方案电机输出的动力首先经过位于轮边的一级圆柱齿轮传动，再输出到轮边行 星齿轮减速箱，第一级圆柱齿轮减速箱和机械制动系统均布置在电机与第二级行星齿轮减速箱之间，制动卡钳和制动气室布置在制动盘上方，圆柱齿轮减速箱和制动卡钳占用了较多的轴向空间。再如图4所示，展示了典型的垂直轴布置电机方式的地板电驱动桥结构，图4为专利“轮边电动车桥”(专利号：CN101830172A)的布置方案，展示了典型的垂直布置电机的方式，电机输出的动力首先经过位于轮边的锥齿轮或准双曲面齿轮传动，再输出到轮边行星齿轮减速箱。这样的布置方式经过两级减速，且用到锥齿轮或准双曲面齿轮，传动效率较低，占用空间较大,这类低地板电动桥的制动系统置于锥齿轮减速机构和轮边减速箱之间，同样占据了较大的轴向空间，影响了低地板部分、即客车过道的宽度。
因此，现有技术急需一种实现高速比传动并保证传动效率的低地板电动桥总成。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明提供一种采用双轮毂电机分布式驱动的方案，将电机同轴布置于轮辋内的车轮轴线上，去掉了第一级的圆柱齿轮、锥齿轮或准双曲面齿轮传动，采用变结构的行星轮减速箱保证高传动比与传动效率，将制动系统布置在电机内侧的车桥两端，充分利用车桥两端的空间，形成低地板式的电动桥总成。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案。
一种低地板电动桥总成，其包括：桥壳、轮毂电机、行星齿轮减速箱、轮毂、制动系统、C型梁和悬架系统，悬架系统的机械安装兼容传统车桥，制动系统、轮毂电机和行星齿轮减速箱的布置方式可拓宽客车过道宽度。
优选地，所述桥壳，具有左右对称的哑铃型结构用于承载车身重量；
所述轮毂电机为内转子电机，左右对称的分别设置在所述桥壳两端，所述轮毂电机与车轮同轴布置，所述轮毂电机转子与所述行星齿轮减速箱连接；
所述行星齿轮减速箱为单级行星齿轮减速箱，所述行星齿轮减速箱的太阳轮接收所述轮毂电机输出的动力，所述行星齿轮减速箱的减速箱壳体作为动力输出端与轮辋相连接，将动力传输到车轮；
所述轮毂通过轴承支撑在所述电机的输出轴套筒上，与所述行星齿轮减速箱壳体和所述轮辋相连接；
所述制动系统采用以可变气压或者可变液压为动力的盘式机械制动器，包括：制动盘、制动卡钳和制动气室或制动液压室；所述制动盘安装在所述轮毂电机转子的输出端上，所述制动卡钳安装在所述桥壳的两端，所述制动气室或者制动液压室布置在所述桥壳中部横梁的中空位置；
所述C型梁呈C型结构，其布置于所述桥壳两端的安装所述轮毂电机的半圆筒结构侧面；
所述悬架系统为四气囊悬架，空气气囊总成与减振器总成安装在所述C型梁上，推力杆总成安装在所述桥壳上。
优选地，所述桥壳的两端呈半圆筒形结构，所述半圆筒的形状与所述轮毂电机的外轮廓形配合，所述半圆筒上设置有所述轮毂电机的安装孔。
优选地，所述轮毂电机从半圆筒结构上方开口可拆卸的安装于所述桥壳的半圆筒结构中，所述轮毂和所述行星齿轮减速箱的减速箱壳体从所述半圆筒结构端面伸出，所述桥壳半圆筒侧面的前、后位置分别安装所述C型梁用于布置悬架系统，桥壳中部设有V型支架以安装悬架推力杆。
优选地，所述轮毂电机为桥壳承载的内转子电机，所述轮毂电机自身不需承载车身质量。
优选地，所述轮毂电机包括：轮毂电机定子、轮毂电机转子、轮毂电机转子输出轴和轮毂电机壳体；所述轮毂电机转子输出轴与所述轮毂电机转子固定连接，且伸出各所述轮毂电机的两侧端面，所述轮毂电机输出轴靠近车轮内侧的一端与所述制动盘固定连接，所述轮毂电机输出轴靠近车轮外侧的一端穿入所述行星齿轮减速箱并与太阳轮固定连接；所述轮毂电机壳体安装在桥壳两端的所述半圆筒结构中，所述轮毂电机壳体靠近车轮外侧的一端设置有与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴同轴布置的套筒，所述套筒与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴之间布置有轴承以支撑所述轮毂电机转子输出轴，所述套筒外侧与所述行 星齿轮减速箱的齿圈固定连接，所述轮毂电机通过所述行星齿轮减速箱将动力传输到所述轮毂。
优选地，所述行星齿轮减速箱为变结构行星轮的一级高传动比行星齿轮减速箱，实现高速比传动并保证传动效率。
优选地，所述行星齿轮减速箱包括：减速箱壳体、太阳轮、行星轮销和行星轮齿圈；所述减速箱壳体作为所述行星齿轮减速箱的行星架，同时作为所述行星齿轮减速箱的动力输出端，所述太阳轮、行星轮销和行星轮齿圈均设置在所述减速箱壳体中；所述太阳轮为所述行星齿轮减速箱的输入端，与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴固定连接；所述行星轮销固定在所述减速箱壳体上，用于支撑所述行星轮；所述行星轮具有多个，每个所述行星轮通过所述行星轮销连接在所述减速箱壳体上，每个所述行星轮分别与所述太阳轮啮合以传输所述轮毂电机输入的动力；所述齿圈外套在所述行星轮上且与所述行星轮啮合，所述齿圈固定在所述轮毂电机转子输出轴的套筒上。
优选地，每个所述行星轮均包括：初级齿轮和次级齿轮；所述初级齿轮与所述太阳轮啮合；所述次级齿轮与所述初级齿轮同轴设置且与所述齿圈啮合；所述次级齿轮的齿数小于所述初级齿轮的齿数。
优选地，所述轮毂电机转子输出轴的套筒设置在所述减速箱壳体当中，所述减速箱壳体靠近所述轮毂电机一侧设置有安装法兰面，所述安装法兰面与轮毂法兰面和轮辋上的法兰面形配合，所述轮毂主体部分设置在所述减速箱壳体内部，所述轮毂与所述轮毂电机转子输出 轴的套筒之间设置有车轮主轴承。
优选地，所述制动系统布置在车轮内侧，所述制动盘与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴的车轮内侧端固定连接，减小了制动转矩，使得所述制动盘的直径、制动气室或制动液压室的容积更小。
优选地，所述制动卡钳分别安装在所述桥壳两端的半圆筒状空间内，所述制动气室或制动液压室横置于所述桥壳中部横梁的中空空间，有利于缩短整个轮边系统的轴向长度。
优选地，安装气囊总成的所述C型梁与安装纵向推力杆总成的支架设置在所述桥壳的半圆筒形状的内侧面；安装斜向推力杆总成的所述V型架设置在所述桥壳的中间。
优选地，所述轮毂电机与所述行星齿轮减速箱采用直接一体油冷方式，提高所述轮毂电机冷却水平，保证所述行星齿轮减速箱润滑和冷却效果。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)轮毂电机与车轮同轴布置，仅有变结构行星轮的高传动比行星齿轮减速箱传动，相比常见的平行轴布置，去掉了单级圆柱齿轮减速机构，相比纵置轮边电机的方案，去掉了锥齿轮或准双曲面齿轮传动，因而比上述两种方式传动效率更高，节省更多空间，利于客车拓宽过道；
(2)轮边减速箱为变结构的行星齿轮减速箱，行星轮分为两级，可以保证高的传动比，保证高效情况下体积更小；
(3)制动系统布置在车轮内侧，制动卡钳等安装在桥壳两端，相比常见的将制动系统布置于电机和轮边减速箱之间的方案，有利于缩短整个轮边系统的轴向长度，使得客车过道更宽；
(4)轮距和悬架安装兼容传统车桥安装接口，便于采用四气囊悬架形式，推力杆等连接、约束机构的安装方式不变；
(5)轮毂电机与行星齿轮减速箱可以采用直接一体油冷的方式，提高轮毂电机的冷却水平，保证行星齿轮减速箱润滑和冷却效果。
附图说明
附图1为传统电驱动系统结构示意图；
附图2为典型的平行轴布置方式低地板电驱动桥结构图；
附图3为典型的平行轴布置方式低地板电驱动桥轮边结构剖视图；
附图4为典型的垂直轴布置方式低地板电驱动桥结构图；
附图5为本发明的低地板式电动桥总成的正视图；
附图6为本发明的低地板式电动桥总成的俯视图；
附图7为本发明的低地板式电动桥总成桥壳端部的结构示意图；
附图8为本发明的低地板式电动桥总成的变行星轮结构的一级高传动比减速箱原理示意图；
附图9为本发明的13吨低地板电动桥总成的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述。在附图中，自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例以及方位性的词语均是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
本发明的低底板电动桥总成的广泛实施例为：
一种低地板电动桥总成，其包括：桥壳、轮毂电机、行星齿轮减速箱、轮毂、制动系统、C型梁和悬架系统，悬架系统的机械安装兼容传统车桥，制动系统、轮毂电机和行星齿轮减速箱的布置方式可拓宽客车过道宽度；
所述桥壳，具有左右对称的哑铃型结构用于承载车身重量；
所述轮毂电机为内转子电机，左右对称的分别设置在所述桥壳两端，所述轮毂电机与车轮同轴布置，所述轮毂电机转子与所述行星齿轮减速箱连接；
所述行星齿轮减速箱为单级行星齿轮减速箱，所述行星齿轮减速 箱的太阳轮接收所述轮毂电机输出的动力，所述行星齿轮减速箱的减速箱壳体作为动力输出端与轮辋相连接，将动力传输到车轮；
所述轮毂通过轴承支撑在所述电机的输出轴套筒上，与所述行星齿轮减速箱壳体和所述轮辋相连接；
所述制动系统采用以可变气压或者可变液压为动力的盘式机械制动器，包括：制动盘、制动卡钳和制动气室或制动液压室；所述制动盘安装在所述轮毂电机转子的输出端上，所述制动卡钳安装在所述桥壳的两端，所述制动气室或者制动液压室布置在所述桥壳中部横梁的中空位置；
所述C型梁呈C型结构，其布置于所述桥壳两端的安装所述轮毂电机的半圆筒结构侧面；
所述悬架系统为四气囊悬架，空气气囊总成与减振器总成安装在所述C型梁上，推力杆总成安装在所述桥壳上。
结合附图1-9对本发明进一步说明。
针对载重量为13吨的车桥来说明本发明的具体实施方案。
根据本发明实施例的低地板电动桥总成，如图7所示，桥壳11两端呈半圆筒形，形状与电机壳体8相对应，半圆筒上留有电机壳体8的安装孔，电机置于所述桥壳半圆筒结构中，使得电机自身不需承载，且便于从半圆筒结构上方开口拆卸。轮毂17从所述桥壳半圆筒的端面开口伸出，其内支撑电机转子输出轴14、电机转子输出轴套 筒7等，其外连接轮辋18。外所述桥壳半圆筒侧面前后设有安装结构22用于安装C型梁19，C型梁上布置悬架系统，桥壳半圆筒侧面设有支架20以安装纵向推力杆，桥壳中部设有V型支架21以安装斜向推力杆，这样的布置形式下，轮距和悬架安装距兼容传统机械车桥，便于采用四气囊悬架形式，推力杆等连接、约束机构的安装方式不变。
根据本发明实施例的低地板电动桥总成，采用内转子轮毂电机驱动，所述电机具体包括：电机定子9；电机转子15；电机转子输出轴14，所述转子输出轴14固定于电机转子15，伸出电机两侧端面，输出轴14靠近车轮内侧一端与制动盘相连接，输出轴14靠近车轮外侧一端穿入行星齿轮减速箱，与太阳轮5相连接；电机壳体8，所述电机壳体8安装在桥壳两端，所述壳体8靠近车轮外侧一端设置有一段与电机转子输出轴14同轴布置的套筒7，与所述转子输出轴14间布置轴承6以支撑转子输出轴14，套筒7上同时固定行星齿轮减速箱的齿圈4。
在一些实施例中，所述低地板电动桥采用的轮边减速箱为变结构行星轮的一级高传动比行星齿轮减速箱，实现高速比传动并保证传动效率，其具体结构包括：行星齿轮减速箱壳体1，所述行星齿轮减速箱壳体1同时作为减速箱的行星架，为其动力输出端；太阳轮5，所述太阳轮5为行星齿轮减速箱的输入端，固定在电机转子输出轴14上；行星轮销3，所述行星轮销3固定在行星齿轮减速箱壳体1上，用于支撑行星轮2；行星轮2，所述行星轮2为多个，每个行星轮2通过所述行星轮销3连接在所述行星齿轮减速箱壳体1上，每个行星 轮2分别与所述太阳轮5啮合以接收所述内转子电机输入的动力；齿圈4，所述齿圈4外套在所述行星轮2上且与所述行星轮2啮合，齿圈4固定在所述电机转子输出轴套筒7上。
具体地，每个所述行星轮2均包括：初级齿轮，所述初级齿轮与所述太阳轮啮合；次级齿轮，所述次级齿轮与所述初级齿轮同轴设置且与所述齿圈啮合，所述次级齿轮的齿数小于所述初级齿轮的齿数。该减速箱的速比计算公式为：
Figure PCTCN2018116577-appb-000001
如图8所示，其中太阳轮的齿数为z1，初级齿轮的齿数为z2，次级齿轮的齿数为z3，齿圈的齿数为z4。综上，初级采用初级齿轮和次级齿轮形的形式可以取得类似两级行星齿轮减速箱的效果，可以在保证传动比足够大的情况下，有效减少行星齿轮减速箱的轴向长度，减少行星齿轮减速箱的轴向尺寸。
更具体地，所述行星齿轮减速箱的壳体1同时作为减速箱的行星架，将动力输出到轮辋18，整个减速箱、电机转子输出轴套筒7均在减速箱壳体1当中，减速箱壳体1靠近电机一侧有安装法兰面，所述法兰面与轮毂17法兰面和轮辋18上的法兰面配合，所述轮毂主体部分在减速箱壳体1内部，轮毂17与电机转子输出轴套筒7间布置车轮主轴承16。这种布置方式可以兼容传统客车的双胎车轮。
更具体地，其中电机的峰值转矩为1600Nm，额定转矩为900Nm，峰值功率150kW，额定功率90kW；电机的重量为120kg，直径×长 度尺寸分别为φ420×270毫米，最高转速5000r/min；轮边减速箱的速比为8，可以满足总质量为18吨的车辆爬坡度25％、最高车速120公里每小时的整车动力学性能要求。
在一些实施例中，制动系统布置在车轮内侧，制动盘13与所述电机转子输出轴14的车轮内侧端连接，这种机械制动系统安装在高速端的设计，减小了相同制动强度下所需的制动转矩，使得制动盘13直径、制动气室10容积等可以更小，节省了更多空间，利于系统轻量化。制动卡钳12安装在所述桥壳11两端半圆筒空间内，制动气室10横置于桥壳中部横梁中的中空空间，这种布置有利于缩短整个轮边系统的轴向长度，使得客车过道更宽。
具体地，制动盘13直径320mm，可以承受的最大制动转矩2000Nm，经过轮边减速箱后车桥的最大制动转矩可达32000Nm，可以达到机械制动的制动强度要求。由于制动盘13没有布置在车轮中部，节省了车轮内的轴向空间，使得电机置于轮辋18内的轴向长度可以更长。制动卡钳12部分轴向厚度较厚，而这一部分被置于桥壳11两端的半圆筒内，低于车桥过道的高度，不影响过道宽度。制动系统安装在告诉端的设计，使得制动气室容积较小，可以横置于车桥桥壳中部的中空空间，其最高高度不超过桥壳顶面，而离地间隙足够。所述机械制动系统布置方式有利于拓宽采用低地板电动桥的客车过道。
更具体地，13t低地板电动桥的各部分轴向长度可以参考图9。行星齿轮减速箱的轴向长度L1约为200mm，减速箱内侧端与电机外 侧端之间的间距L2约为150mm，这段空间用于布置轮毂17、电机转子输出轴套筒7与电机转子输出轴14，电机的轴向长度L3约为270mm，制动盘13的轴向厚度L4约为80mm。在这种实施例中，单侧电动桥轮边部分的轴向总长度约为700mm。轮边总成与车厢之间的间距L5约为50mm，这样在不改变底盘对车桥的安装接口要求的条件下，本实施例的电动桥过道宽度L6可以达到960～1000mm。通常13吨车桥的轮距为1800～1910mm，中部过道宽度为650～850mm。图9可以说明，本实施例的低地板电动桥有效地拓宽了低地板电动桥的过道宽度。
在一些实施例中，电机与减速箱可以采用直接一体油冷的方式，提高电机的冷却水平，保证减速箱润滑和冷却效果。
最后需要指出的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制。尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种低地板电动桥总成，特征在于其包括：桥壳、轮毂电机、行星齿轮减速箱、轮毂、制动系统、C型梁和悬架系统，悬架系统的机械安装兼容传统车桥，制动系统、轮毂电机和行星齿轮减速箱的布置方式可拓宽客车过道宽度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：
    所述桥壳，具有左右对称的哑铃型结构用于承载车身重量；
    所述轮毂电机为内转子电机，左右对称的分别设置在所述桥壳两端，所述轮毂电机与车轮同轴布置，所述轮毂电机转子与所述行星齿轮减速箱连接；
    所述行星齿轮减速箱为单级行星齿轮减速箱，所述行星齿轮减速箱的太阳轮接收所述轮毂电机输出的动力，所述行星齿轮减速箱的减速箱壳体作为动力输出端与轮辋相连接，将动力传输到车轮；
    所述轮毂通过轴承支撑在所述电机的输出轴套筒上，与所述行星齿轮减速箱壳体和所述轮辋相连接；
    所述制动系统采用以可变气压或者可变液压为动力的盘式机械制动器，包括：制动盘、制动卡钳和制动气室或制动液压室；所述制动盘安装在所述轮毂电机转子的输出端上，所述制动卡钳安装在所述桥壳的两端，所述制动气室或者制动液压室布置在所述桥壳中部横梁的中空位置；
    所述C型梁呈C型结构，其布置于所述桥壳两端的安装所述轮毂电机的半圆筒结构侧面；
    所述悬架系统为四气囊悬架，空气气囊总成与减振器总成安装在所述C型梁上，推力杆总成安装在所述桥壳上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述桥壳的两端呈半圆筒形结构，所述半圆筒的形状与所述轮毂电机的外轮廓形配合，所述半圆筒上设置有所述轮毂电机的安装孔。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述轮毂电机从半圆筒结构上方开口可拆卸的安装于所述桥壳的半圆筒结构中，所述轮毂和所述行星齿轮减速箱的减速箱壳体从所述半圆筒结构端面伸出，所述桥壳半圆筒侧面的前、后位置分别安装所述C型梁用于布置悬架系统，桥壳中部设有V型支架以安装悬架推力杆。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述轮毂电机为桥壳承载的内转子电机，所述轮毂电机自身不需承载车身质量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述 轮毂电机包括：轮毂电机定子、轮毂电机转子、轮毂电机转子输出轴和轮毂电机壳体；所述轮毂电机转子输出轴与所述轮毂电机转子固定连接，且伸出各所述轮毂电机的两侧端面，所述轮毂电机输出轴靠近车轮内侧的一端与所述制动盘固定连接，所述轮毂电机输出轴靠近车轮外侧的一端穿入所述行星齿轮减速箱并与太阳轮固定连接；所述轮毂电机壳体安装在桥壳两端的所述半圆筒结构中，所述轮毂电机壳体靠近车轮外侧的一端设置有与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴同轴布置的套筒，所述套筒与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴之间布置有轴承以支撑所述轮毂电机转子输出轴，所述套筒外侧与所述行星齿轮减速箱的齿圈固定连接，所述轮毂电机通过所述行星齿轮减速箱将动力传输到所述轮毂。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述行星齿轮减速箱为变结构行星轮的一级高传动比行星齿轮减速箱，实现高速比传动并保证传动效率。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述行星齿轮减速箱包括：减速箱壳体、太阳轮、行星轮销和行星轮齿圈；所述减速箱壳体作为所述行星齿轮减速箱的行星架，同时作为所述行星齿轮减速箱的动力输出端，所述太阳轮、行星轮销和行星轮齿圈均设置在所述减速箱壳体中；所述太阳轮为所述行星齿轮减速箱的输入 端，与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴固定连接；所述行星轮销固定在所述减速箱壳体上，用于支撑所述行星轮；所述行星轮具有多个，每个所述行星轮通过所述行星轮销连接在所述减速箱壳体上，每个所述行星轮分别与所述太阳轮啮合以传输所述轮毂电机输入的动力；所述齿圈外套在所述行星轮上且与所述行星轮啮合，所述齿圈固定在所述轮毂电机转子输出轴的套筒上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：每个所述行星轮均包括：初级齿轮和次级齿轮；所述初级齿轮与所述太阳轮啮合；所述次级齿轮与所述初级齿轮同轴设置且与所述齿圈啮合；所述次级齿轮的齿数小于所述初级齿轮的齿数。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述轮毂电机转子输出轴的套筒设置在所述减速箱壳体当中，所述减速箱壳体靠近所述轮毂电机一侧设置有安装法兰面，所述安装法兰面与轮毂法兰面和轮辋上的法兰面形配合，所述轮毂主体部分设置在所述减速箱壳体内部，所述轮毂与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴的套筒之间设置有车轮主轴承。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述制动系统布置在车轮内侧，所述制动盘与所述轮毂电机转子输出轴 的车轮内侧端固定连接，减小了制动转矩，使得所述制动盘的直径、制动气室或制动液压室的容积更小。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述制动卡钳分别安装在所述桥壳两端的半圆筒状空间内，所述制动气室或制动液压室横置于所述桥壳中部横梁的中空空间，有利于缩短整个轮边系统的轴向长度。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：安装气囊总成的所述C型梁与安装纵向推力杆总成的支架设置在所述桥壳的半圆筒形状的内侧面；安装斜向推力杆总成的所述V型架设置在所述桥壳的中间。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13之一所述的低地板电动桥总成，其特征在于：所述轮毂电机与所述行星齿轮减速箱采用直接一体油冷方式，提高所述轮毂电机冷却水平，保证所述行星齿轮减速箱润滑和冷却效果。
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CN108638839A (zh) 2018-10-12
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