WO2019193780A1 - 微粒子複合体含有組成物及びその製造法 - Google Patents
微粒子複合体含有組成物及びその製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019193780A1 WO2019193780A1 PCT/JP2018/037964 JP2018037964W WO2019193780A1 WO 2019193780 A1 WO2019193780 A1 WO 2019193780A1 JP 2018037964 W JP2018037964 W JP 2018037964W WO 2019193780 A1 WO2019193780 A1 WO 2019193780A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/262—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2300/00—Processes
- A23V2300/31—Mechanical treatment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition containing a complex of insoluble dietary fiber-containing fine particles and a method for producing the same.
- composition containing dietary fiber having various active ingredients is desired to be actively ingested due to its health function.
- a composition containing a large amount of dietary fiber is not compatible with other foods, so that it cannot be satisfactorily consumed in daily meals, and its application to various uses has been hindered.
- composition containing simply crushed dietary fiber for example, a seasoning obtained by pulverizing green-yellow vegetables in the presence of oil (Patent Document 1) or a non-nut plant material by pulverizing an average particle size of less than about 100 ⁇ m
- Patent Document 2 a spread food obtained by exposing the obtained powder to an elevated temperature after producing the powder is reported.
- Patent Document 4 As a technique for improving the astringent taste of food, a method for producing a pulp-like jelly with improved taste is reported by suppressing the astringent taste and bitterness derived from chitosan by adding calcium salt or sulfate (Patent Document 4), etc. Has been.
- JP 2006-141291 A Special table 2009-543562 JP 2010-023001 A JP-A-5-236888
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 cannot improve the taste, particularly the astringent taste, when applied to foods containing insoluble dietary fiber, and are insufficient in terms of ease of consumption.
- Patent Document 3 is a technology that cannot be applied to foods because a silane coupling agent is used as a dispersant.
- Patent Document 4 is a technique that is effective in improving the astringent taste derived from chitosan, but cannot be applied to foods containing insoluble dietary fiber.
- One object of the present invention is to improve the taste such as astringent taste and ease of ingestion of a food containing insoluble dietary fiber.
- the present inventors refined insoluble dietary fiber, formed a complex that can be crushed by external disturbance, and controlled the shape of the complex to a predetermined range, thereby deriving from insoluble dietary fiber. It has been found that characteristics such as taste such as astringent taste are improved. Moreover, it has been found that a composition containing such a fine particle composite of insoluble dietary fiber has various other preferable properties and can be applied not only to foods but also to other uses.
- a composition comprising a fine particle composite containing insoluble dietary fiber, the composition satisfying the following (1) to (5) and at least one of the following (6-1) to (6-3).
- (1) Contains 0.1% by mass or more of insoluble dietary fiber.
- (2) The total fat content is less than 20% by mass.
- (3) The maximum particle size before sonication is greater than 100 ⁇ m.
- the mode diameter before ultrasonic treatment is 5 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less.
- the mode diameter after ultrasonic treatment is 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the numerical value N (I) obtained by the following formula (I) is 1.20 or more.
- N (I) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) (I) (6-2)
- the numerical value N (II) obtained by the following formula (II) is 1.40 or more.
- N (II) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) / ⁇ (II) (6-3)
- a numerical value N (III) obtained by the following formula (III) is 0.50 or more.
- N (III) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ A (III) (However, in the formulas (I) to (III), ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “major axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by the particle shape image analyzer, ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “minor axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by a particle shape image analyzer, ⁇ represents the 10th percentile value of the “concave / convex degree” before the ultrasonic treatment measured by the particle shape image analyzer, ⁇ A represents the specific surface area per unit volume after sonication. ) [2] The composition according to [1], wherein the water content / (water content + total fat content) is 75% or more.
- the insoluble dietary fiber includes those derived from an edible portion and a non-edible portion of the same type of insoluble dietary fiber-containing food.
- the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is at least one selected from seeds, grains, beans, vegetables, and fruits.
- composition according to [8] wherein the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is one or more selected from carrots, pumpkins, corn, soybeans, green beans, paprika, beets, green peas, broccoli, and tomatoes.
- the non-edible portion of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredient is selected from a sweet corn core, paprika seed or headdress, pumpkin seed or cotton, beet skin, broccoli foliage, shrimp pod and tomato spatula 1
- the composition according to [9] which is more than one kind.
- (6-2 ′) A state in which the pulverization treatment is performed until the numerical value N (II) obtained by the formula (II) increases by 5% or more before and after the pulverization.
- (6-3 ′) The state in which the numerical value N (III) obtained by the formula (III) is pulverized until it increases by 5% or more before and after the pulverization.
- [15] [1] to [14] A food or drink containing the composition according to any one of [14].
- [16] [1] A liquid seasoning comprising the composition according to any one of [14].
- [17] A method for producing the composition according to any one of [1] to [14], comprising grinding an insoluble dietary fiber-containing food material.
- composition containing the fine particle composite of insoluble dietary fiber according to the present invention is excellent in characteristics such as taste improvement such as astringent taste derived from insoluble dietary fiber.
- composition of the present invention relates to a composition containing a fine particle complex containing insoluble dietary fiber (hereinafter, appropriately referred to as “the composition of the present invention”).
- the composition of the present invention contains insoluble dietary fiber.
- dietary fiber means the total of indigestible components in foods that are not digested by human digestive enzymes.
- insoluble dietary fiber refers to water-insoluble dietary fiber.
- examples of insoluble dietary fiber include, but are not limited to, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, chitosan and the like.
- lignin, particularly acid-soluble lignin is remarkably poor in feeding properties, and therefore, the effect of improving feeding properties can be obtained more significantly by applying the present invention. From such a viewpoint, lignin, particularly acid-soluble lignin is preferable as the insoluble dietary fiber.
- the composition of the present invention contains insoluble dietary fiber at a certain content.
- the lower limit of the content of insoluble dietary fiber in the composition of the present invention is usually 0.1% by mass or more. Among them, 0.2% by mass or more, further 0.3% by mass or more, further 0.4% by mass or more, further 0.5% by mass or more, especially 0.7% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more, or It is preferable that it is 1.5 mass% or more, or 2 mass% or more, and especially 3 mass% or more.
- the upper limit of the content of insoluble dietary fiber in the composition of the present invention is not limited. However, from the viewpoint of industrial productivity, it is usually 20% by mass or less, especially 15% by mass, and more preferably 10%. It is preferable that it is below mass%.
- the composition of insoluble dietary fiber in the composition of the present invention is not limited. However, for the reasons described above, when the ratio of lignin (particularly, acid-soluble lignin) in the entire insoluble dietary fiber is equal to or greater than a certain value, the effect of improving feeding properties can be obtained more significantly by applying the present invention. Specifically, the dry mass ratio of lignin (particularly acid-soluble lignin) in the entire insoluble dietary fiber is usually 5% or more, preferably 10% or more, and more preferably 30% or more.
- insoluble dietary fiber is not limited, and may be derived from various natural materials containing insoluble dietary fiber, or may be synthesized. In the former case, the insoluble dietary fiber contained in various materials may be isolated and purified, but the material containing such insoluble dietary fiber may be used as it is. In the latter case, food is preferable as the material containing insoluble dietary fiber.
- insoluble dietary fiber-containing food will be described later.
- the insoluble dietary fiber contained in the composition of the present invention is preferably derived from a food material.
- the composition of this invention contains an insoluble dietary fiber containing foodstuff.
- the type of insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is not limited, and any food can be used as long as it is suitable for food and drink.
- the dry mass ratio of the insoluble dietary fiber to the food is usually 1% by mass or more, preferably 3% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 10% by mass or more.
- insoluble dietary fiber-containing foods include, but are not limited to, vegetable foods, microbial foods, animal foods, and the like. Of these, vegetable foods are preferred.
- plant foods include, but are not limited to, vegetables (including moss and mushrooms), fruits, spices, algae, cereals, seeds, beans, and the like. These foodstuffs may use 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations. Moreover, these foodstuffs may be used as they are or may be used after various treatments (for example, drying, heating, lye removal, peeling, seed removal, ripening, salting, skin processing, etc.) are added.
- any kind may be used as long as the edible portion and / or the non-edible portion contains insoluble dietary fiber.
- examples include, but are not limited to, radish, carrot, rutabaga, parsnip, turnip, black salsify, sweet potato, cassava, yacon, taro, taro, konjac potato, tashiroimo (Polynesian Aroroot), lotus root Potatoes, purple potatoes, beets (preferably beetroot: varieties modified to beetroot beetles), cucumbers, quays, shallots, garlic, raccoon, urine, katakuri, kale, yam, Wild yam, Chinese yam, Onion, Asparagus, Udo, Cabbage, Lettuce, Spinach, Chinese cabbage, Oilseed rape, Komatsuna, Chingen rhinoceros, Leek, Green onion, Nozawana, Fuuki, Japanese chard, Mizu
- carrot, pumpkin, tomato, paprika, cabbage, beet preferably beetroot (beetroot)
- onion, broccoli, asparagus, purple potato, sweet potato, etc. are preferable
- carrot, pumpkin, tomato, paprika, beet are preferable
- beets beat root
- Berries can be of any type as long as the edible portion and / or non-edible portion contains insoluble dietary fiber. Examples include, but are not limited to, Karin, Chugokunashi (white pear, Sinanashi), Pear, Quince, Karin, Junberry, Sipova, Apple, American cherry (Black cherry, Dark cherry), Apricot (Apricot, apricot, apricot), plum (plum), cherry (cherry peach, sweet cherry), sumi cherry, spinosumomomo, plum (li, sour peach), peach, ginkgo (ginkgo), chestnut, akebi (kitsu), fig (Flowerless fruit), oysters, blackcurrant, kiwi strawberry (kimpo), kiwi fruit (kiwi), gummy (coconut, pepper, strawberry), mulberry (mulberry, dodome), cranberry (white berry), cowberry ( Moss peach, rock peach, hamanashi, okamarin
- the type of algae is arbitrary as long as insoluble dietary fiber is contained in the edible portion and / or the non-edible portion. Examples include, but are not limited to, large algae such as kombu, wakame, laver, aonoris, proboscis, green algae, red algae, cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, euglena, etc. Examples include microalgae.
- kombu, laver, and blueberry are particularly preferred.
- some microalgae such as chlorella have a very strong cell wall, so that it may be difficult to form an insoluble dietary fiber fine particle complex described later. Therefore, it is preferable to use the microalgae after performing a pretreatment for destroying the cell wall, or to use algae other than the microalgae.
- Species can be of any kind as long as the edible portion and / or the non-edible portion contains insoluble dietary fiber.
- examples include but are not limited to almonds, cashews, pecans, macadamia nuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, coconuts, pine nuts, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, watermelon seeds, shrimp, Examples include walnuts, chestnuts, ginkgo, sesame and Brazil nuts. Among them, almond, cashew nut, macadamia nut, pistachio, hazelnut, coconut and the like are preferable.
- any kind may be used as long as the edible portion and / or the non-edible portion contains insoluble dietary fiber.
- examples include, but are not limited to, kidney beans (hidden beans), kidney beans, red beans, white beans, black beans, quail beans, peas, lima beans, safflower beans, peas (especially immature beans) Green peas, seed, green beans, cowpea, azuki beans, broad beans, soybeans (especially edamame), chickpeas, lentils, lentil, lentil, peanuts, lupine beans, grasspeas, locust bean (carob), Nephirefama beans, Hiroha For example, barley beans, coffee beans, cacao beans, and Mexican beans.
- peas especially green peas which are immature seeds
- soybeans especially green soybeans
- cocoa mass which is a processed product of cocoa beans
- the skin and germs are removed during the manufacturing process and fermented during the manufacturing process, making it difficult to feel the original flavor. .
- cacao beans it is preferable to use a form other than cacao mass.
- the kind thereof is arbitrary.
- examples include, but are not limited to, corn (especially sweet corn is preferred), rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, oat, triticale, rye, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, fin, millet, acne, giant
- corn especially sweet corn is preferred
- rice wheat, barley, sorghum, oat, triticale, rye, buckwheat, fonio, quinoa, fin, millet, acne
- giant Examples include corn, sugar cane, and amaranth.
- corn (especially sweet corn is preferable), giant corn, and the like are preferable.
- any kind can be used as long as insoluble dietary fiber is contained in the edible portion and / or the non-edible portion.
- examples include, but are not limited to, white pepper, red pepper, chili, horseradish, mustard, poppy flea, nutmeg, cinnamon, cardamom, cumin, saffron, allspice, cloves, yam, Orange peel, fennel, licorice, phenegrek, dillseed, pepper, long pepper, olive fruit).
- white pepper, red pepper, chili, and the like are particularly preferable.
- any foodstuff including the above-mentioned various examples can be appropriately selected and used, but it is particularly preferable to select in consideration of the following characteristics.
- the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food it is preferable to use a food having an available carbohydrate of a predetermined value or more from the viewpoint of the formation of a fine particle complex described later in the composition.
- the available carbohydrate in the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is usually 2% or more, preferably 3% or more, more preferably 5% or more, especially 7% or more, and particularly preferably 10% or more.
- foodstuffs such as sesame having a small monosaccharide equivalent (available carbohydrates of about 1% by mass) can be used, but from the viewpoint of the formation of the fine particle complex described later in the composition, available carbohydrates The foodstuff more than the said lower limit is preferable.
- the usable carbohydrate after drying is more than the said lower limit.
- the amount of available carbohydrates in foodstuffs is the component analyzed directly among the carbohydrates measured according to the method described in the Japanese Food Standard Composition Table (starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, galactose, trehalose) As the unit, “% (monosaccharide equivalent g / 100 g)” can be used.
- the water activity of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the water activity is not more than a predetermined value from the viewpoint of the formation of a fine particle complex described later in the composition.
- the water activity of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is usually 0.95 or less, preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less, and particularly preferably 0.65 or less.
- the water activity of general fruits and vegetables is often greater than the above upper limit, when using such foods as insoluble dietary fiber-containing foods, use them after drying in advance as described below. Is preferred.
- the lower limit of the water activity of the food material containing insoluble dietary fiber is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of easy storage management, it is usually 0.10 or more, particularly 0.20 or more, and further 0.30. As described above, it is particularly preferable to set the value to 0.40 or more.
- the water activity of a foodstuff can be measured according to a conventional method using a general water activity measuring apparatus.
- the form of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food is not particularly limited, and raw food may be used. As described above, various treatments (for example, drying, heating, lye removal, peeling, seed removal, ripening, salting, You may use what added skin processing etc.). However, from the viewpoint of the formation of a fine particle composite, which will be described later, in the composition, it is preferable to use a food that has been previously dried, that is, a dry food. As a method for drying a food material, any method generally used for drying food materials can be used. Examples include sun drying, shade drying, freeze drying, air drying (eg hot air drying, fluidized bed drying, spray drying, drum drying, low temperature drying, etc.), pressure drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying, oil heat drying, etc.
- sun drying shade drying
- freeze drying air drying (eg hot air drying, fluidized bed drying, spray drying, drum drying, low temperature drying, etc.), pressure drying, vacuum drying, microwave drying, oil heat drying, etc.
- air dry for example, hot air drying, fluidized bed drying, spray drying, drum drying, low temperature, etc.
- a method such as drying) or freeze drying is preferred.
- the usage ratio is not limited, and any ratio can be used depending on the type of food and the content of insoluble dietary fiber. is there.
- a composition containing an insoluble dietary fiber-containing food in a certain ratio or more is preferable because the effect of the application of the present invention becomes more remarkable.
- the ratio of the total mass in terms of dry mass of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food to the total mass in terms of dry mass of the insoluble component (component insoluble in the composition) in the composition is usually 30% by mass. Above all, 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, particularly 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 100% by mass.
- any insoluble components contained therein are derived from foodstuffs, but those foodstuffs are made of insoluble dietary fiber-containing foodstuffs and other foodstuffs (not containing insoluble dietary fiber). It is possible to calculate the ratio by dividing into two. For example, a certain composition contains 20 parts by mass of insoluble dietary fiber-containing fine particles derived from carrot dry matter that is an insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredient, and 30 parts by mass of dry tuna that is another ingredient (not containing insoluble dietary fiber). In the case of a composition containing 50 parts by mass of water, the ratio of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food (carrot: 20 parts by mass) to the insoluble component (dry carrot + dry tuna: 50 parts by mass) is 40% by mass. .
- composition of this invention may contain the 1 or 2 or more foodstuff which does not contain arbitrary insoluble dietary fiber other than the said insoluble dietary fiber containing foodstuff.
- foodstuff include plant foods, microbial foods, animal foods, and the like.
- Non-edible and edible portions of ingredients When the foodstuff used in the composition of the present invention, that is, the foodstuff containing insoluble dietary fiber and / or other foodstuff (containing no insoluble dietary fiber) contains a non-edible portion together with an edible portion, the edible portion Only the non-edible part may be used, or both the edible part and the non-edible part may be used.
- the “non-edible portion” of the foodstuff represents a portion that is not suitable for normal eating and drinking of the foodstuff, or a portion that is discarded in a normal eating habit, and the “edible portion” refers to the disposal portion from the whole foodstuff.
- the non-edible part is preferably contained in the composition in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more by wet weight, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.8% by mass or more. More preferably, it is contained in an amount of 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and most preferably 3.0% by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the mass ratio is usually 98% by mass or less, particularly 91% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less, particularly 80% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 55% by mass or less.
- the edible portion and / or the non-edible portion of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food used in the composition of the present invention may be derived from a single type of insoluble dietary fiber-containing food. Any combination of those derived from insoluble dietary fiber-containing foods may be used.
- the ratio of “non-edible part / (edible part + non-edible part)” is edible by 0.2% or more. In order to improve the taste quality of the part, it is preferably 0.5% or more, more preferably 0.8% or more, further preferably 1.0% or more, 2.0% More preferably, it is more preferably 3.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio is usually 100% or less, particularly 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less, particularly 70% or less, and particularly preferably 60% or less.
- these edible part and non-edible part are different types of insoluble dietary fiber-containing foods, respectively. It may be derived from, but preferably includes an edible part and a non-edible part derived from the same type of insoluble dietary fiber-containing food.
- the composition of the present invention improves the astringent taste caused by insoluble dietary fiber as will be described later, and therefore can easily ingest the non-edible part of foodstuffs rich in such insoluble dietary fiber without waste.
- non-edible portion of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food examples include skin, seeds, cores, squeezed rice cake, and the like of the aforementioned various insoluble dietary fiber-containing foods.
- corn sweet corn etc.
- paprika pumpkin, beetroot, broccoli, green beans (green soybeans), tomato, rice, onion, cabbage, apples, grapes, sugarcane, citrus (among others) Skin, seeds, cores, squeezed rice cakes, etc., such as Unshu mandarin orange, yuzu etc. as examples, can be suitably used in the present invention because nutrients remain abundantly.
- non-edible parts of insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredients include, but are not limited to, corn (e.g.
- composition of the present invention contains other (insoluble dietary fiber-free) ingredients in addition to the insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredients, as in the case of the insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredients,
- the edible portion can be used in any combination.
- the portion or ratio of the non-edible portion is the value of the food or food.
- a person skilled in the art handling the processed product can naturally understand. As an example, refer to “Disposable site” and “Discard rate” described in the Japanese food standard ingredient table 2015 edition (seventh revision), and these can be treated as the non-edible portion and ratio, respectively.
- Table 1 shows examples of insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredients, and “disposable part” and “disposition rate” (that is, non-edible parts) described in the Japanese food standard ingredient table 2015 edition (seventh revision) for those ingredients. And the ratio).
- part and ratio of an edible part can also be understood from the site
- the composition of this invention may contain 1 type, or 2 or more types of fats and oils.
- the types of fats and oils one or any of various fatty acids (eg linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, etc.)
- Two or more types may be used in combination, but it is preferable to use edible oils or fats, foods containing edible oils and fats, edible oils and fats as raw materials, or the like.
- oils and fats examples include sesame oil, rapeseed oil, high oleic rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, palm stearin, palm olein, palm kernel oil, palm fractionated oil (PMF), cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, high oleic acid Sunflower oil, safflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, rice oil, coconut oil, sesame oil, flavor oil, coconut oil, grape seed oil, peanut oil, almond oil, avocado oil, salad oil, canola oil, fish oil, beef tallow, lard , Chicken fat, or MCT (medium chain fatty acid triglyceride), diglyceride, hydrogenated oil, transesterified oil, milk fat, ghee, cacao butter and the like.
- PMF palm fractionated oil
- liquid edible oils and fats such as sesame oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, milk fat, sunflower oil, rice oil, and palm olein are preferable because they have an effect of increasing the smoothness of the composition.
- fats and oils other than cocoa butter from the viewpoint of handling during production.
- these edible oils and fats may use 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations.
- the edible fat / oil is preferably an edible fat / fat having a higher unsaturated fatty acid ratio (total ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid) than saturated fatty acid ratio, so that the refinement process can be efficiently performed. It is more preferable that the unsaturated fatty acid ratio is larger than twice the saturated fatty acid ratio.
- ingredients made from edible fats and oils include butter, margarine, shortening, fresh cream, soy milk cream (for example, “Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.“ Kokurimu ”(registered trademark)), etc. Can be mentioned.
- a food material that is liquid at room temperature is preferred in terms of convenience.
- foods containing edible fats and oils can also be used for such purposes. These foodstuffs may use 1 type and may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations.
- the composition of the present invention it is better to add edible fats and oils that have been extracted and purified separately from the ingredients, regardless of whether the fats and oils are contained in insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredients or other ingredients.
- the composition of the present invention preferably has a total fat content of not more than a certain value from the viewpoint of suitably forming a fine particle composite described later in the composition.
- the total fat content of the composition means the fat content derived from all ingredients including all ingredients contained in the composition.
- the upper limit of the total fat content of the composition of the present invention is usually less than 20% by mass, in particular, less than 15.5% by mass, and more preferably less than 10.5% by mass.
- the lower limit of the total fat content of the composition of the present invention is not limited, but from the viewpoint of promptly forming a fine particle composite described later in the composition, usually 0.1% by mass or more, Furthermore, it is preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.3% by mass or more.
- composition of the present invention may contain any one or more seasonings and food additives.
- seasonings and food additives include soy sauce, miso, alcohols, sugars (eg, glucose, sucrose, fructose, glucose fructose liquid sugar, fructose glucose liquid sugar, etc.), sugar alcohols (eg xylitol, erythritol, mulch) Toll etc.), artificial sweeteners (eg sucralose, aspartame, saccharin, acesulfame K etc.), minerals (eg calcium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, magnesium etc.
- the composition of the present invention is a so-called emulsifier and / or coloring agent and / or thickening stabilizer (for example, “labeling of food additive display pocket book (2011 edition)”). It is preferable not to contain “colorants”, “thickening stabilizers”, and “emulsifiers” in the “food additive substance name table”. Especially, it is preferable that the composition of this invention does not contain an emulsifier from a viewpoint of setting it as the quality in which the taste of a raw material is easy to be felt.
- the composition of the present invention is a food additive (for example, a substance described in “Food Additive Substance Name Table for Labeling” in the Food Additive Display Pocket Book (2011 edition)). It is particularly desirable not to contain those used for the application. Further, from the viewpoint that the sweetness of the food itself is easily felt, it is preferable not to add sugars (such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, glucose fructose liquid sugar, and fructose glucose liquid sugar). Furthermore, since the taste of the material is easily felt, the composition of the present invention may be in a form not containing acetic acid.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains moisture.
- the moisture in the composition may be derived from the various components of the composition described above, but may be further added as water.
- the moisture content of the composition means the total amount of moisture derived from various components of the composition and separately added moisture.
- the mass ratio of the water content to the whole composition is usually 35% by mass or more, particularly 45% by mass or more, more preferably 50% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 55% by mass or more. It is preferable that the mass ratio of the moisture content with respect to the entire composition is equal to or more than the lower limit value because the control of the shape of the fine particle composite becomes easy.
- the upper limit of the mass ratio of the moisture content is not limited, but is usually 98% by mass or less, more preferably 96% by mass or less, and most preferably 90% by mass or less from the viewpoint of industrial productivity.
- the composition of the present invention has a ratio of the moisture content to the sum of the moisture content and the total fat content, that is, “moisture content / (moisture content), from the viewpoint of suitably forming the fine particle composite described later in the composition.
- the value of “content + total fat content” is usually 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 85% or more.
- the upper limit of the value of the “water content / (water content + total fat content)” is not limited, but from the viewpoint of promptly forming the fine particle composite described later in the composition, Usually, it is preferably 100% by mass or less.
- insoluble dietary fiber is present in the form of fine particles.
- the fine particles may be formed from only one or two or more insoluble dietary fibers, but one or two or more insoluble dietary fibers and one or two or more other insoluble fibers may be used. It may be formed from these components.
- the composition of the present invention contains a complex of fine particles containing insoluble dietary fiber.
- the composition of the present invention contains insoluble dietary fiber in the state of such a complex, so that moisture separation of the composition is suppressed, the texture is improved, it is easy to ingest, and compatibility with other foods It becomes good.
- sonication is assumed as a typical example of external disturbance for crushing the fine particle composite.
- “ultrasonic treatment” represents a treatment in which an ultrasonic wave having a frequency of 40 kHz is applied to a measurement sample at an output of 40 W for 3 minutes unless otherwise specified.
- the composition of the present invention contains a complex of fine particles containing insoluble dietary fiber and adjusts the form and size of the fine particle complex before and after applying disturbance to a range described later, thereby stabilizing the composition. It is possible to provide a composition having various advantageous properties such as improvement in property (preventing drying) and emulsification capacity. Although the cause is unknown, it is considered that a complex having a characteristic shape as if a plurality of dietary fibers are gathered in the composition is formed, and this complex exhibits various effects. In recent years, research on micronization technology has been actively conducted in various fields including the food field. Regarding the characteristics of the secondary structure (composite) formed by aggregation of micronized microparticles, Until was not known at all. In addition, it has not been known at all that various effects not conventionally known can be achieved by adjusting the form and size of such a fine particle composite.
- the composition of the present invention various parameters relating to the particle size of the fine particle composite and fine particles contained in the composition before and after the disturbance, that is, the maximum particle size, the mode particle size, and the d50 of the particle size satisfy the following specific requirements. It is preferable. That is, the composition of the present invention contains a large number of fine particle composites in a state in which no disturbance is applied, that is, in a state before ultrasonic treatment, whereas in a state in which disturbance is applied, that is, in which ultrasonic treatment is performed. In the state after, a part or all of the fine particle composite is collapsed to become single fine particles. Therefore, not only the maximum particle size but also the mode particle size and the particle size before and after the ultrasonic treatment. Various parameters relating to the particle diameter, such as d50, vary greatly.
- the maximum particle size of the fine particle composite before disturbance in the composition of the present invention is adjusted within a predetermined range.
- the maximum particle size before the disturbance of the composition of the present invention that is, before the ultrasonic treatment is usually 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness is preferably 110 ⁇ m or more.
- the maximum particle size of the composition before ultrasonic treatment is equal to or more than the lower limit, it is possible to prevent the structure of the food material from being destroyed and imparting an unfavorable flavor.
- the maximum particle size before disturbance of the composition of the present invention, that is, before ultrasonic treatment is not limited, but it is usually 2000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 1500 ⁇ m or less. By setting the maximum particle size of the composition before ultrasonic treatment to the upper limit or less, it is convenient for industrial productivity reasons.
- the maximum particle size of the fine particle composite after the disturbance in the composition of the present invention is adjusted within a predetermined range.
- the maximum particle size after disturbance of the composition of the present invention that is, after ultrasonic treatment, is usually 20 ⁇ m or more, preferably 30 ⁇ m or more.
- the maximum particle size of the composition after ultrasonic treatment is not less than the lower limit, it is preferable because the structure of the food is destroyed and it is difficult to impart an unfavorable flavor.
- the maximum particle size after disturbance of the composition of the present invention, that is, after ultrasonic treatment is not limited, but is usually 1100 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 800 ⁇ m or less. By setting the maximum particle size of the composition after ultrasonic treatment to the upper limit or less, it is convenient for industrial productivity reasons.
- composition of the present invention is a turbid system, it is difficult to accurately determine the maximum particle size by visual observation, but at least the lower limit of the maximum particle size can be roughly determined by visual inspection. It is. That is, when the maximum particle diameter observed with a microscope is larger than a certain value, it is considered that the probability that the actual maximum particle diameter is larger than the certain value is high.
- the mode particle diameter (mode diameter) of the fine particle composite before disturbance in the composition of the present invention is adjusted within a predetermined range.
- the mode particle diameter of the composition of the present invention before disturbance, that is, before ultrasonic treatment is usually 5 ⁇ m or more. In particular, it is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 12 ⁇ m or more.
- the mode particle diameter of the composition before ultrasonic treatment is not less than the above lower limit, the composition has a quality that makes it difficult to remove water, which is preferable from the viewpoint of commercial distribution.
- the mode particle diameter of the composition of the present invention before disturbance, that is, before ultrasonic treatment is usually 400 ⁇ m or less.
- the mode particle diameter of the composition before ultrasonic treatment is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the mode particle diameter of the fine particle composite after disturbance in the composition of the present invention is also adjusted within a predetermined range.
- the mode particle diameter after disturbance of the composition of the present invention that is, after ultrasonic treatment is usually 0.3 ⁇ m or more. Among them, it is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or more, particularly 5.0 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 7.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the mode particle diameter of the composition after ultrasonic treatment is not less than the above lower limit, it is preferable because the composition becomes difficult to dry and can be stored for a long period of time.
- the mode particle diameter after disturbance of the composition of the present invention that is, after ultrasonic treatment is usually 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the mode particle diameter of the composition after the ultrasonic treatment is not more than the above upper limit, it is possible to prevent the texture from being deteriorated and to give the composition a suitable texture and texture when eating.
- the mode particle size refers to the particle size of the channel having the largest particle frequency% in the particle size distribution for each channel obtained by measuring the composition using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer. .
- the particle diameter of the channel with the smallest particle diameter is adopted. If the particle size distribution is a normal distribution, the value coincides with the median size. However, when the particle size distribution is biased, particularly when there are a plurality of peaks in the particle size distribution, the values are greatly different.
- the particle size distribution measurement of the sample by the laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device can be carried out, for example, by the following method.
- a sample is a thermoplastic solid substance, it can use for the analysis by a laser analysis type particle size distribution measuring apparatus by heat-processing a sample and making it into a liquid state, and using for an analysis.
- the particle size d50 (50% integrated diameter, median particle diameter, median diameter) of the fine particle composite before and after disturbance in the composition of the present invention is also within a predetermined range. It is preferable to adjust.
- the particle size d50 before disturbance of the composition of the present invention that is, before ultrasonic treatment, is usually 5 ⁇ m or more, especially 10 ⁇ m or more, and usually 400 ⁇ m or less, especially 300 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 250 ⁇ m or less, especially 200 ⁇ m. The following is preferable.
- d50 of the particle diameter after ultrasonic treatment is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, especially 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, and usually 150 ⁇ m or less, especially 100 ⁇ m or less, and further 75 ⁇ m or less. It is preferable that The particle diameter d50 of the composition is obtained by dividing the particle size distribution of the composition into two from a certain particle diameter, and the cumulative value ratio of the larger particle frequency% and the cumulative particle frequency% of the smaller side. The ratio to the ratio of the values is defined as the particle size at 50:50.
- the particle diameter d50 of the composition can be measured using, for example, a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus described later.
- the “particle diameter” in the present invention represents a value measured on a volume basis unless otherwise specified.
- the “particle” in the present invention is a concept that can include not only individual fine particles but also a fine particle composite formed by aggregating them unless otherwise specified.
- the measurement conditions for various parameters relating to the particle size of the present invention are not limited, but may be the following conditions.
- any solvent can be used as long as it hardly affects the structure of insoluble dietary fiber in the composition.
- the laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus used for the measurement is not limited, but, for example, a Microtrac® MT3300EXII system manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the measurement application software is not limited, but for example, DMS2 (Data Management System Version 2, Microtrack Bell Inc.) can be used.
- the measurement is performed by pressing the wash button of the software, and then zeroing is performed by pressing the Setzer button of the software.
- the sample may be added directly until the concentration falls within the appropriate range.
- the sample before the disturbance that is, the sample not subjected to sonication, was laser diffracted at a flow rate of 60% and a measurement time of 10 seconds immediately after the concentration was adjusted within an appropriate range within two sample loadings after the sample was loaded. The result may be a measured value.
- a sample after disturbance that is, a sample that has been subjected to ultrasonic treatment
- a sample that has been subjected to ultrasonic treatment in advance may be introduced. Followed by a measurement.
- a sample that has not been subjected to sonication is loaded, the concentration is adjusted within an appropriate range by sample loading, and then the sonication button of the same software is pressed to perform sonication. Then, after performing the defoaming process three times, the sample loading process was performed again, and after confirming that the concentration was still in the proper range, the result of prompt laser diffraction at a flow rate of 60% and a measurement time of 10 seconds Can be the measured value.
- the particle diameter for every measurement channel described in Table 2 mentioned later as a standard. Preferably obtained. Specifically, it is smaller than the particle size specified for each channel in Table 2 below and smaller than the particle size specified for the channel whose number is one larger (in the maximum channel of the measurement range, the measurement lower limit particle size).
- the frequency of large particles is measured for each channel in Table 2 below, and the total frequency of all channels in the measurement range can be used as the denominator to determine the particle frequency% for each channel (this is the “ Also referred to as “particle frequency%”).
- the particle frequency% of one channel represents the frequency% of particles of 2000.00 ⁇ m or less and larger than 1826.00 ⁇ m.
- preferable measurement conditions include using distilled water as a measurement solvent, a measurement upper limit of 2000.00 ⁇ m, and a measurement lower limit. For a 0.021 ⁇ m target, the particle size is measured immediately after sample input.
- the composition of the present invention has the following requirements for the specific surface area per unit volume of particles (fine particles and fine particle composite) in the composition before and after applying the disturbance, that is, before and after ultrasonic treatment: It is preferable to satisfy. That is, the composition of the present invention contains a large number of fine particle composites in a state in which no disturbance is applied, that is, in a state before ultrasonic treatment, whereas in a state in which disturbance is applied, that is, in which ultrasonic treatment is performed. In the subsequent state, a part or all of the fine particle complex is collapsed to become single fine particles, and thus the specific surface area per unit volume greatly changes before and after the ultrasonic treatment.
- the specific surface area ( ⁇ B ) per unit volume of the particles (fine particles and fine particle composite) in the composition before applying the disturbance, that is, before the ultrasonic treatment is usually 1.00 m 2 / mL or less. It is preferably 80 m 2 / mL or less. If the specific surface area ( ⁇ B ) is less than or equal to the above upper limit, the fine particles sufficiently form a complex, and the effect of improving the stability of the present invention is sufficiently exhibited.
- the lower limit of the specific surface area (gamma B) is not limited, from the viewpoint of enhancing the stability enhancing effect of the composition, typically 0.07 m 2 / mL or more and preferably 0.10 m 2 / mL or more, more A range of 0.15 m 2 / mL or more is preferable.
- the specific surface area ( ⁇ A ) per unit volume of the particles (fine particles and fine particle composites) in the composition after the sonication after applying the disturbance is usually 1.70 m 2 / mL or less, 1.50 m 2 / mL or less, further 1.30 m 2 / mL or less, further 1.10 m 2 / mL or less, and preferably less inter alia 0.80 m 2 / mL. If the specific surface area ( ⁇ A ) is not more than the above upper limit, it is preferable because the fine particles sufficiently form a composite and the effect of improving the stability of the present invention is sufficiently exhibited.
- the lower limit of the specific surface area (gamma A) is not limited, from the viewpoint of enhancing the stability enhancing effect of the composition, typically 0.07 m 2 / mL or more and preferably 0.10 m 2 / mL or more, more 0.15 m 2 / mL or more, it is preferable to inter alia 0.20 m 2 / mL or more ranges.
- the ratio of specific surface area per unit volume of the particles (fine particles and fine particle composite) in the composition before and after applying the disturbance, that is, before and after the ultrasonic treatment, that is, ( ⁇ B / ⁇ A ) satisfies a predetermined range.
- ( ⁇ B / ⁇ A ) is usually preferably 0.80 or less. It is preferable that ⁇ B / ⁇ A is equal to or less than the above upper limit value because the dietary fibers are complexed with good salted plums and the effect of improving the stability of the composition is appropriately expressed.
- the lower limit of ( ⁇ B / ⁇ A ) is not limited, but is usually preferably 0.1 or more.
- the specific surface area per unit volume of the composition represents the specific surface area per unit volume (1 mL) measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus when the particles are assumed to be spherical.
- the specific surface area per unit volume when the particles are assumed to be spherical is a measurement value (specific surface area per mass per volume determined by a permeation method, gas adsorption method, etc.) reflecting the particle components, surface structure, etc. Are numbers based on different measurement mechanisms.
- the specific surface area per unit volume when the particles are assumed to be spherical is 6 ⁇ ⁇ (ai) ⁇ ⁇ (ai ⁇ di) where ai is the surface area per particle and di is the particle diameter. Desired.
- composition of the present invention contains at least one, preferably two of the following requirements (1) to (3) that define the form of fine particles and fine particle composites containing insoluble dietary fibers contained therein. As described above, more preferably, all three are satisfied.
- N (I)> The requirement (1) is a requirement that a numerical value N (I) obtained by the following formula (I) is a predetermined value or more.
- N (I) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) (I)
- ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “major axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by the particle shape image analyzer
- ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “minor axis” before ultrasonic treatment, measured by the particle shape image analyzer.
- the fine particle composite-containing composition that satisfies the requirement (1), that is, the numerical value N (I) is not less than a predetermined value has a morphological characteristic that the major axis is longer (elongate) than the minor axis. It means that it has fine particles predominantly and the proportion thereof is higher than that of a normal composition.
- the numerical value N (I) is usually 1.20 or more, preferably 1.30 or more, more preferably 1.40 or more, and particularly preferably 1.50 or more. It is preferable for the numerical value N (I) to be equal to or greater than the lower limit because the emulsification capacity of the composition is improved and the astringent taste is also improved.
- the upper limit of the numerical value N (I) is not limited, from the viewpoint of convenience during production, it is usually 4.0 or less, preferably 3.0 or less.
- the effect of improving the astringent taste of the composition is recognized by performing the refining treatment until the numerical value N (I) increases by 5% or more before and after refining, it is preferable, and further, it is increased by 10% or more. It is preferable to carry out the micronization treatment, and it is preferable to carry out the micronization treatment until it increases by 15% or more, and it is most preferable to carry out the micronization treatment until it increases by 20% or more. That is, for the composition that is in the state of being refined until the numerical value N (I) increases by 5% or more before and after the refinement, effects such as astringency improvement are remarkably recognized.
- the numerical value N (I) of the composition before the medium stirring mill treatment is, for example, 1.24 (Test Example 10).
- the numerical value N (I) of the composition after micronization treatment is 1.54 (Test Example 11)
- the numerical value N It can be said that the refinement treatment was performed until (I) increased by about 24%.
- N (II)> Requirement (2) is a requirement that a numerical value N (II) obtained by the following formula (II) be a predetermined value or more.
- N (II) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) / ⁇ (II)
- ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “major axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by the particle shape image analyzer
- ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “minor axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by a particle shape image analyzer
- ⁇ represents the 10th percentile value of the “concave / convex degree” before the ultrasonic treatment measured by the particle shape image analyzer.
- the fine particle composite-containing composition that satisfies the requirement (2) that is, the numerical value N (II) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value has a long diameter (long and narrow) with respect to the short diameter, and the particle surface is uneven. This means that the fine particles having morphological characteristics are dominant, and the proportion thereof is higher than that of a normal composition.
- the numerical value N (II) is usually 1.40 or more, especially 1.50 or more, especially 1.60 or more, further 1.70 or more, or 1.80 or more. Or 1.90 or more, particularly preferably 2.00 or more. It is preferable for the numerical value N (II) to be equal to or greater than the lower limit because the emulsification capacity of the composition is improved and the astringent taste is also improved.
- the upper limit of numerical value N (II) is not restrict
- the effect which improves the astringency of a composition is recognized by performing refinement
- the numerical value N (II) of the composition before the medium stirring mill treatment is, for example, 1.43 (Test Example 10).
- the numerical value N (II) of the composition after refinement treatment is 2.34 (Test Example 11)
- the numerical value N It can be said that the refinement treatment was performed until (II) increased by about 63%.
- N (III)> Requirement (3) is a requirement that the numerical value N (III) obtained by the following formula (III) be a predetermined value or more.
- N (III) ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ A (III)
- ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “major axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by the particle shape image analyzer
- ⁇ represents the 90th percentile value of “minor axis” before ultrasonic treatment measured by a particle shape image analyzer
- ⁇ A represents the specific surface area per unit volume after sonication.
- the fine particle composite-containing composition that satisfies the requirement (3), that is, the numerical value N (III) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value has a long diameter (long and narrow) with respect to the short diameter and is aggregated by ultrasonic treatment. It means that it has predominantly fine particles having a morphological characteristic that the specific surface area per unit volume after collapse is large, and the ratio is higher than that of a normal composition.
- the numerical value N (III) is usually 0.50 or more, especially 0.60 or more, especially 0.70 or more, further 0.80 or more, or 0.90 or more. In particular, it is preferably 1.00 or more. It is preferable for the numerical value N (III) to be equal to or greater than the lower limit because the emulsification capacity of the composition is improved and the astringency is also improved.
- the upper limit of numerical value N (III) is not restrict
- the effect of improving the astringent taste of the composition is recognized by performing the refining treatment until the numerical value N (III) increases by 5% or more before and after refining, it is preferable, and further, it is increased by 10% or more. It is preferable to carry out the micronization treatment until it is increased by 20% or more, and it is preferable to carry out the micronization treatment until it is increased by 30% or more. It is most preferable to perform the crystallization treatment. That is, for the composition that is in a state of being refined until the numerical value N (III) increases by 5% or more before and after the refinement, effects such as an improvement in astringency are remarkably recognized.
- the numerical value N (III) of the composition before the medium stirring mill treatment is, for example, 0.54 (Test Example 10).
- the numerical value N (III) of the composition after refinement treatment is, for example, 1.31 (Test Example 11)
- the numerical value N It can be said that the refinement treatment was performed until (III) increased by about 142%.
- various parameters for calculating the above-mentioned N (I) to N (III), that is, measurement of the major axis, minor axis, and unevenness of the particles (fine particles and fine particle composite) in the composition are as follows: This can be performed by plane image analysis using a particle shape analyzer. As an example, since the accurate morphological features of the fine particle image can be grasped, the following method is preferable. That is, using a particle shape analyzer having a function of taking a general individual particle image and analyzing its shape, for example, a composition that is a granular suspension is flowed into a flow cell and enters a field of view.
- a particle shape analysis apparatus that can randomly extract a fine particle complex and automatically obtain a large amount of individual particle information in a short time.
- a particle analyzer such as PITA-4 manufactured by Seishin Co., Ltd.
- PITA-4 manufactured by Seishin Co., Ltd.
- photographing of particles (fine particles and fine particle composites) in the composition can be performed using a camera capable of photographing a detailed image of the particles.
- a camera capable of photographing a detailed image of the particles.
- an imaging camera CCD camera or C-MOS camera
- An example of such an imaging camera is DMK33UX290 (manufactured by The Imaging Source).
- the image capturing conditions for example, the following conditions can be used.
- an objective lens for photographing an image is used with a magnification of 4 times, and a fine particle image is photographed while flowing a sample at an appropriate flow rate.
- a planar stretch cell that enhances the planar stretch effect and allows the center of the complex in most pre-sonication compositions to pass through the focal range of the lens, Accurate morphological features can be grasped.
- the particle image analyzer is set so that the focus is set appropriately, the particle shape can be clearly confirmed, and the contrast in the composition before the ultrasonic treatment can be clearly distinguished from the background. Set the conditions.
- a planar image is acquired with LED intensity 100 and camera gain 100 db.
- the brightness level 115 of the particle image and the contour level 160 of the image can be obtained.
- Any solvent can be used as the solvent or carrier liquid at the time of measurement as long as it does not affect the form of the fine particle composite in the composition.
- distilled water is preferable.
- the sample can be diluted 1000 times with a solvent used for measurement, and injected into a particle image measurement cell (synthetic quartz glass), which can be used for fine particle composite shape image analysis.
- Image capturing can be performed, for example, as a 1920 ⁇ 1080 pixel planar image (pixel size: 2.8 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.8 ⁇ m) until the number of target particles reaches 10,000 samples, for example. Note that since the shape of the captured image cannot be measured accurately unless the focus of the captured image is adjusted appropriately, the captured image is captured with the focus of the captured image well aligned. In addition, since the shooting conditions may be set differently depending on the shooting, it is desirable to perform the shooting again after adjusting the conditions appropriately for each shooting.
- image analysis of particles (fine particles and fine particle composites) in the photographed composition can be performed by the following procedure, for example. That is, for a fine particle image having a minimum number of pixels of 15 or more existing in a planar image, the major axis, minor axis, and unevenness are measured for each of 10,000 images, and the major axis and minor axis are 90 in 10,000 samples. The percentile value is adopted, and the tenth percentile value in 10,000 samples is adopted for the unevenness degree.
- the “percentile value” means a value located in an arbitrary% when the distribution of measured values is rearranged from a smaller number to a larger number and counted from the smaller number.
- the 90th percentile value in an arbitrary measured value when 10,000 fine particle images are measured indicates the 9000th measured value from the smallest of the measured values in the total fine particle image.
- the “major axis” and “minor axis” of the particles (fine particles and fine particle composites) in the composition are based on the particle shape formed by connecting adjacent pixels vertically and horizontally in the particle image. Can be determined. That is, the “major axis” of the particle represents the maximum distance between two points on the contour line in the particle shape on the particle image, and the “minor axis” of the particle represents the maximum distance in the particle shape of the particle image. Represents the shortest distance when the particle shape is sandwiched between two straight lines parallel to the straight line.
- N (I) that is, the 90th percentile value of the major axis ( ⁇ ) / the 90th percentile value of the minor axis ( ⁇ ) increases.
- the “concave / convex degree” of the particles (fine particles and fine particle composites) in the composition is a value representing the degree of unevenness of the particle shape on the particle image, and (on the particle image) (Perimeter length when connecting the apexes of the convex portions of the particle shape with the shortest distance) / (contour length of the particle shape on the particle image). That is, the more particles that have a specific morphological feature that has more irregularities on the particle surface, the greater the degree of irregularity that reflects the overall characteristics of the composition in the state of disturbance, that is, the composition after ultrasonic treatment. The tendency is reflected in the 10th percentile value.
- the 90th percentile value reflecting the dominant characteristics of the major axis and minor axis of the composition, and the degree of irregularity is reflected in the 10th percentile value.
- N (II) ie, ⁇ [90th percentile value of major axis ( ⁇ )] / [90th percentile value of minor axis ( ⁇ )] ⁇ / [Roughness degree ( ⁇ ) 10th percentile value] increases.
- the content of the fine particles containing the insoluble dietary fiber and the fine particle composite satisfy a predetermined range.
- the mass ratio of the fine particles and the fine particle composite to the whole composition is usually 4% by mass or more, especially 6% by mass or more, more preferably 8% by mass or more, especially 9% by mass or more, particularly 10% by mass or more. It is preferable.
- the taste containing an insoluble dietary fiber can fully be felt and it is preferable.
- the upper limit of the mass ratio is usually 98% by mass or less, particularly 91% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less, particularly 80% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 55% by mass or less.
- the mass ratio is usually 98% by mass or less, particularly 91% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less, particularly 80% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 55% by mass or less.
- complex in a composition can be performed in the following procedures, for example. That is, from the total mass of insoluble components in the composition, the mass of the components excluding foods and the like larger than 2000 ⁇ m (2 mm) that are not measured by the laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement or particle shape image analyzer is measured.
- the composition contains foods larger than 2 mm, for example, the supernatant separated by centrifugation is sufficiently removed from the fraction passed through 9 mesh (2 mm openings) in the composition.
- the mass of the precipitated fraction is the content of fine particles and fine particle composites in the composition (specifically, in the case of solid fats, it is heated and dissolved, and is larger than 2 mm as necessary. After removing food, etc., centrifugation can be performed to remove the separated supernatant.)
- fine-particles complex represents the total mass of those components and foodstuffs taken in into the precipitation fraction.
- the content of the fine particles and the fine particle composite in the composition can be performed, for example, by the following procedure. That is, for example, after passing an arbitrary amount of the composition through 9 mesh (Tyler mesh), the passing fraction is centrifuged at 15000 rpm for 1 minute, and the mass of the precipitated fraction is obtained by sufficiently removing the separated supernatant. By measuring, the content of the fine particles and the fine particle composite in the composition can be measured. The remaining amount on the mesh when passing 9 meshes is allowed to stand still, and then sufficiently passed through fine particles containing insoluble dietary fibers smaller than 9 mesh openings with a spatula etc. so that the particle size of the composition does not change. After that, a passing fraction was obtained.
- a composition having low fluidity so as not to pass 9 mesh was passed 9 mesh in a state diluted about 3 times with a solvent such as olive oil.
- the subsequent composition can be centrifuged to determine the content of insoluble dietary fiber-containing fine particles in the composition.
- the thermoplastic composition the composition after passing through 9 meshes in a state of being diluted about 3 times with a solvent such as water in a state of being heated to have fluidity, is subjected to centrifugal separation of the composition.
- the content of insoluble dietary fiber-containing fine particles can be measured.
- the composition of the present invention preferably contains a predetermined number or more of fine particles or fine particle composites having a particle diameter within a predetermined range before the disturbance is applied, that is, before the ultrasonic treatment.
- the number of fine particles or fine particle composites to be measured by the particle shape image analysis apparatus having a particle size of 2.3 ⁇ m to 1600 ⁇ m is usually 10,000 / cm 3 or more, especially 10,000 / cm 3 or more, and further 1000000. It is preferable to contain at least 3 pieces / cm 3 . If the number of fine particles or fine particle composites having a particle diameter within the predetermined range is less than the lower limit, the effect of the present invention is not sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable.
- the number of fine particles or fine particle composites having a particle diameter within the predetermined range is determined by a planar particle image analysis by a particle shape analysis apparatus exemplified in the method for analyzing the morphological characteristics of particles in the composition ( It is possible to measure using PITA-4).
- the method for preparing the composition of the present invention is not limited, and any method can be used as long as a composition satisfying the above various requirements is obtained.
- the material of the composition of the present invention for example, an insoluble dietary fiber-containing food, and other optional ingredients, edible fats and oils, seasonings, and other ingredients may be mixed.
- a method including a step of refining the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food material in the presence of edible fats and oils, other food materials and components is preferable. By finely treating the insoluble dietary fiber-containing food material in this way, a complex of fine particles containing insoluble dietary fiber is easily formed.
- fine particles containing insoluble dietary fibers are formed by refining the food material containing insoluble dietary fibers.
- a plurality of such fine particles aggregate to cause reaggregation to form a complex having the above-mentioned special shape characteristics.
- the formation of a complex by agglomeration of such fine particles is promoted more particularly by coexistence of a certain amount of water or oil, application of high shearing force, application of pressurizing condition or temperature rising condition.
- the fine particle composite can form a composite having specific shape characteristics by reaggregation, and the formation of such a composite can provide the above-mentioned various useful effects. , Was not known at all.
- the means for the refinement treatment used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the temperature at the time of miniaturization is not limited, and any of high temperature grinding, normal temperature grinding, and low temperature grinding may be used.
- the pressure at the time of miniaturization is not limited, and any of high pressure pulverization, normal pressure pulverization, and low pressure pulverization may be used.
- the ingredients and other ingredients as materials of the composition are subjected to high shear force under pressure and Means that can be processed in a short time under elevated temperature conditions are preferred.
- Examples of such an apparatus for the fine processing include equipment such as a blender, a mixer, a mill, a kneader, a pulverizer, a pulverizer, and a grinder, and any of these may be used.
- equipment such as a blender, a mixer, a mill, a kneader, a pulverizer, a pulverizer, and a grinder, and any of these may be used.
- the equipment includes, for example, dry bead mills, ball mills (rolling type, vibration type, etc.), medium agitation mills, jet mills, high-speed rotation type impact mills (pin mills, etc.), roll mills, hammer mills, etc. Can be used.
- a medium stirring mill such as a bead mill or a ball mill (rolling type, vibration type, planetary type mill, etc.), a roll mill, a colloid mill, a starburst, a high-pressure homogenizer, etc.
- a medium stirring mill ball mill, bead mill
- a high-pressure homogenizer is preferable, and a medium stirring mill is more preferable.
- a wet medium agitation mill because the moisture in the composition is less likely to dry when the food composition is allowed to stand and has a high quality of stability as compared with other refinement treatment methods. Although the principle is unknown, it is considered that a fine particle composite in a preferable state is easily formed by the wet medium stirring mill treatment.
- the ingredients and other components as materials of the composition may be loaded into the wet medium agitation mill and crushed.
- the size and properties of the food, and the properties of the desired fine particle composite, the size and filling rate of the beads, the outlet mesh size, the feed rate of the raw slurry, the mill rotational strength, the method of passing only once (one pass) ) Or a method of circulating many times (circulation type) or the like are given below, but the present invention is not limited to the following conditions.
- the particle diameter of the beads used in the wet bead mill is usually 2 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less.
- a bead mill pulverizer using beads having a particle size larger than the upper limit for example, a medium stirring mill called a “ball mill” such as an attritor using usually 3 to 10 mm beads
- the present invention In order to obtain a composition containing fine particles of a specific shape and a fine particle composite, a long time treatment is required, and in principle, it is difficult to pressurize from normal pressure, so that it is difficult to obtain the composition of the present invention.
- the material of the beads used in the wet bead mill is preferably the same material as that of the inner cylinder of the bead mill, and more preferably both are zirconia.
- the treatment with the wet medium stirring mill is preferably performed under pressure.
- a method of processing while adjusting the pressurizing condition while adjusting is preferable.
- the pressure conditions during the treatment are not limited, the difference between the maximum pressure and the normal pressure during the treatment time is usually 0.01 MPa or more, particularly 0.02 MPa or more, more preferably 0.03 MPa or more, and particularly 0.04 MPa. The above is preferable.
- the difference between the maximum pressure and the normal pressure during the treatment is not less than the lower limit, a composition containing fine particles having a specific shape and a fine particle composite as defined in the present invention can be efficiently obtained in a short time. it can.
- the upper limit of the pressure during the treatment is not limited, but if the pressurization conditions are too severe, the equipment may be damaged. Therefore, the difference between the maximum pressure and the normal pressure during the treatment time is usually 1 MPa or less, particularly 0.50 MPa. Hereinafter, it is further preferably 0.40 MPa or less, particularly 0.30 MPa or less.
- the temperature during the refining treatment by the wet medium stirring mill is not limited, and any of high temperature pulverization, normal temperature pulverization, and low temperature pulverization may be used.
- the sample temperature (processing temperature: T 2 ) at the end of the grinding process satisfies “T 1 +1 ⁇ T 2 ⁇ T 1 +50” with respect to the sample temperature immediately after the start of the grinding process (processing temperature: T 1 ). It is preferable to adjust so that the temperature rises within the range (the unit is Celsius (° C.)).
- the sample temperature at the end of the pulverization treatment is preferably 25 ° C. or higher (T 2 ⁇ 25).
- An object to be refined by a wet medium agitating mill is a mixture of ingredients (insoluble dietary fiber-containing ingredients and other ingredients) that are the ingredients of the composition and other components.
- a mixture is preferably preliminarily subjected to a coarse pulverization treatment using a jet mill, a pin mill, a stone mill, or the like as a pretreatment.
- d50 (median particle diameter) of the mixture is usually adjusted to a range of, for example, usually 10 ⁇ m or more, particularly 20 ⁇ m or more, and usually 1500 ⁇ m or less, especially 1000 ⁇ m or less, and then subjected to refining treatment by a medium stirring mill. preferable. By adjusting the median particle diameter of the mixture within this range, it is convenient from the viewpoint of industrial productivity.
- the moisture content of the ingredients is greater than the moisture content of other ingredients and media.
- a composition containing fine particles having a specific shape and fine particle composite as defined in the present invention.
- a dry food material as a food material (food material containing insoluble dietary fiber and other food materials), use water in addition to fats and oils as a medium, and subject to medium stirring mill treatment, particularly wet bead mill treatment.
- the viscosity of the mixture to be refined by the wet medium agitation mill to a predetermined value or less
- a composition containing fine particles having a specific shape and fine particle composite as defined in the present invention can be efficiently obtained.
- the upper limit of the viscosity (measurement temperature 20 ° C.) of the mixture is usually 20 Pa ⁇ s or less, preferably 8 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- the lower limit of the viscosity (measuring temperature 20 ° C.) is not particularly limited, but is usually 100 mPa ⁇ s or more, preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s or more.
- the Bostwick viscosity of the mixture to be refined by the medium agitating mill is adjusted to a predetermined value or less, the pressure during the treatment by the wet medium agitating mill can be easily adjusted to the desired pressure condition described above. This is preferable because the refinement processing efficiency is further increased.
- the Bostwick viscosity (measurement temperature: 20 ° C.) of the mixture is preferably 28.0 cm or less in 1 second.
- the number and time of the refinement treatment by the medium agitation mill are not limited, but the composition containing fine particles and fine particle composites of specific shapes defined in the present invention can be efficiently obtained by crushing usually by one-pass treatment. Is preferable.
- the treatment time is usually 0.1 minutes or more, preferably 1 minute or more, more preferably 2 minutes or more, and usually 25 minutes or less, especially 22 minutes or less, more preferably 20 minutes or less.
- miniaturization process by a medium stirring mill or a high pressure homogenizer represents the time until a processing target object is fully sheared and the composition containing the desired fine particle composite_body
- a bead mill crusher having a crushing chamber volume of 100 mL and a void ratio of 50% excluding the beads (that can be injected with the treatment liquid) is used, and the sample is not circulated at a rate of 200 mL per minute.
- the composition of the present invention has various excellent properties. One of them is to improve the emulsification capacity.
- the “emulsification capacity” means that the salad oil is gradually added while stirring the sample adjusted to 20 ° C. at about 100 rpm, and the oil is added until oil droplets start to float on the surface of the composition. Represents the mass ratio (%) of the total amount of oil added to 1 part by mass of the composition. When the total amount of oil added to 100 g of the composition is 50 g, the emulsification capacity is 50%.
- a composition with a high emulsification capacity is excellent in the ability to emulsify and stabilize the oil and fat when it comes into contact with or mixed with another oil and fat.
- the emulsification capacity of the composition of the present invention is not limited, but is usually 50% or more, particularly 70% or more, more preferably 100% or more, especially 150% or more, particularly 200% or more. Is preferred. Because of these characteristics, the composition of the present invention can be used as a stabilizer for oil-water mixed foods. In addition, the composition of the present invention can be used as a food product and eaten together with a dish containing a large amount of fat and oil. (Evaporation of water of origin) is further prevented, and further, the food taste of cooking is improved by suppressing oil separation (leaching of fats and oils derived from ingredients), and such improved taste can be maintained for a long time. It shows the property.
- a dish containing a lot of fats and oils refers to a dish containing oils and fats usually 3% by mass or more, particularly 5% by mass or more unless otherwise specified.
- dishes There are various examples of such dishes, and examples include various fried foods.
- the composition of the present invention also has a characteristic that the astringent taste caused by the insoluble dietary fiber is reduced (improved) when it is eaten as a food.
- Astringent taste is a taste that gives a feeling of squeezing the mouth when a composition is contained in the mouth. The mechanism of its occurrence is not clear, but the astringent taste is considered to be a sensation close to the tactile sensation felt by contracting the cells in the mouth, unlike the taste felt by stimulating the nerve cells of the taste.
- red wine is characterized by the astringency derived from grape-derived tannins, but the astringent taste is similar to this astringency, bitterness and gummy, but with a different sensation.
- Foods containing insoluble dietary fiber usually have such an astringent taste and often hinder eating.
- the composition of the present invention is easy to eat because such astringency is reduced despite containing insoluble dietary fiber.
- the principle of such astringent taste improvement is unclear, but as the emulsification capacity of the composition increases, the affinity with fats and oils may increase, possibly affecting the lipid membrane on the surface of the taste bud cells. It is done.
- composition of the present invention has characteristics such as water separation prevention (property that moisture separation is suppressed) and drying prevention (property that drying due to evaporation of moisture is suppressed) and other excellent stability. There is also. Due to such excellent stability, the composition of the present invention is advantageous because the risk of microbial growth, flavor deterioration, and the like is reduced when being distributed commercially as food.
- the composition of the present invention can be used as a food product as it is, and can also be suitably used as a raw material or material for a food or drink or a liquid seasoning. That is, the object of the present invention includes foods and drinks and liquid seasonings containing the composition of the present invention.
- seasonings such as sauce, sauce, dip, mayonnaise, dressing, butter and jam with high dispersion stability can be produced.
- the addition amount to the seasoning of the composition of this invention is not limited, However, It is desirable to set it as about 0.001-50 mass% in general. In the production, the composition may be added to the seasoning at any timing.
- the composition may be added to the seasoning, and the material of the composition of the present invention (foodstuff, etc.) may be added to the raw material of the seasoning and then refined. These methods may be combined, but the method of adding the composition of the present invention to the seasoning is industrially convenient and preferable.
- the composition of the present invention is expected to be applied mainly in the food field due to the aforementioned unknown attribute of reducing astringency. Further, due to the above-mentioned unknown attribute of improving emulsification capacity, it can be used as an alternative to emulsifiers in the food field, mainly in industries where food additives are avoided, such as the bakery industry. Further, the composition of the present invention is industrially advantageous because it can be widely used in various fields as an alternative to emulsifiers in addition to the food field due to the aforementioned unknown attribute of emulsification capacity improvement.
- a method for improving the emulsification capacity of the composition containing insoluble dietary fiber is extracted as one aspect of the present invention.
- the Such a method for improving emulsification capacity includes converting an arbitrary composition containing insoluble dietary fiber into the composition of the present invention described above by grinding.
- the composition containing insoluble dietary fiber is a foodstuff and other components that are components of the composition of the present invention, which are objects to be refined in the above-described method for producing the composition of the present invention.
- the composition containing insoluble dietary fiber is a foodstuff and other components that are components of the composition of the present invention, which are objects to be refined in the above-described method for producing the composition of the present invention.
- a method for improving the astringency of a composition containing insoluble dietary fiber as one aspect of the present invention includes converting any composition containing insoluble dietary fiber into the composition of the present invention described above by grinding.
- the composition containing insoluble dietary fiber is a component of the composition of the present invention, and other ingredients, which are subject to refinement in the above-described method for producing the composition of the present invention.
- composition samples of Test Examples 1 to 41 were prepared as follows.
- Apples and avocados which are a kind of fruit
- combs which are a kind of algae
- cashew nuts which are a kind of seeds
- corn which is a kind of cereals
- beets carrots
- pumpkins paprika
- broccoli which are kinds of vegetables
- the dried product of tomato was pulverized by the method described in “Pretreatment” in Table 3 below to obtain a dried pulverized product.
- green peas, soybeans, and green soybeans (a kind of beans that are harvested with the pods in an immature state, with a green appearance of the beans), boiled and taken out of the pods and dried can be used.
- the edible portion was pulverized by the method described in “Pretreatment” in Table 3 below to obtain a dry pulverized product. All the dry pulverized products were dried until the water activity was at least 0.95.
- part parts other than a non-edible part
- a corn core seeds of paprika Or spatula, pumpkin seeds or cotton, beet skin, broccoli foliage, green soybean pods, and tomato spatula.
- These coarsely pulverized compositions are optionally subjected to pretreatment according to the method described in “Pretreatment” in Table 3 below, and then described in “Micronization treatment method” in Table 3 below.
- the refinement process was carried out according to the prepared method.
- a fine bead treatment was performed based on the treatment conditions described in the following table using a wet bead mill pulverizer and ⁇ 1 mm beads to obtain each composition sample. .
- the pressurizing condition the maximum pressure during the treatment is appropriately changed by changing the opening of the outlet of the wet bead mill fine pulverizer and the liquid feeding speed (the pressure is 0 in the case of treatment under normal pressure because no pressure is applied). Were adjusted so as to be the pressurizing conditions described in the following table, and the refining treatment was performed under certain conditions until the end of the treatment.
- DMK33UX 290 (DMK33UX290) is a camera capable of capturing a planar image with more effective pixels than 1920 (H) ⁇ 1080 (V) and a pixel size of about 2.8 ⁇ m ⁇ 2.8 ⁇ m.
- the Imaging Source was used. An objective lens at the time of photographing was used with a magnification of 4 times, and a planar expansion cell made of synthetic quartz glass was used as the flow cell.
- the imaging of the particle images in each composition sample was performed while diluting each composition sample 1000 times with a solvent and flowing it in a flow cell at an appropriate flow rate.
- the conditions of the analyzer were set.
- an 8-bit grayscale imaging camera is used, and after acquiring a planar image as LED intensity 100 and camera gain 100 db, the brightness level of the particle image existing therein is set.
- the contour level was set to 160, and 10,000 or more images of individual particles were taken for morphological feature analysis. Distilled water was used as the solvent and carrier liquid at the time of measurement.
- at least 10,000 particles having a particle diameter of 2.3 ⁇ m to 1600 ⁇ m were confirmed from 1 cm 3 of all composition samples before ultrasonic treatment.
- ⁇ Particle size distribution (mode diameter, maximum diameter, d50, specific surface area per unit volume)>
- the particle size distribution of each composition sample was measured using a Microtrac MT3300 EX2 system manufactured by Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd. as a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus. Distilled water was used as a solvent at the time of measurement, and DMSII (Data Management System version 2, Microtrack Bell Co., Ltd.) was used as measurement application software.
- the cleaning button of the measurement application software was pressed to perform cleaning, and then the zero adjustment was performed by pressing the Setzer button of the software, and the sample was directly input until the sample concentration was within the appropriate concentration range.
- the sample concentration is adjusted within an appropriate range within two sample loadings after the sample has been loaded, and then the laser is immediately measured at a flow rate of 60% for a measurement time of 10 seconds. Diffraction measurement was performed and the obtained result was taken as a measured value.
- the sample concentration is adjusted within the appropriate range by loading the sample after loading the sample, and then press the sonication button of the software to set the frequency. A 40 kHz ultrasonic wave was applied at an output of 40 W for 3 minutes.
- the sample loading process is performed again, and after confirming that the sample concentration is still in the proper range, the laser diffraction measurement is quickly performed at a flow rate of 60% for a measurement time of 10 seconds.
- the results obtained were used as measured values.
- the particle size for each measurement channel described in Table 2 below was used as a standard.
- the frequency of particles that are smaller than the particle size specified for each channel and larger than the particle size specified for the channel with one larger number is measured for each channel.
- the particle frequency% of each channel was obtained using the total frequency of all channels in the measurement range as the denominator. Specifically, the particle frequency% in each of the 132 channels below was measured. For the results obtained by measurement, the particle diameter of the channel with the largest particle frequency% was taken as the mode particle diameter.
- the particle diameter of the channel with the smallest particle diameter is adopted as the mode particle diameter.
- the particle size of the channel with the largest particle size was adopted as the maximum particle size.
- composition samples of Test Examples 1 to 41 obtained by the above procedure were subjected to sensory evaluation according to the following procedure.
- drying suppression 5: moist and delicious, 4: slightly moist and slightly delicious, 3: slightly puffy, but acceptable, 2: slightly prickly, 1: prickly
- drying suppression 5: moist and delicious
- 4 slightly moist and slightly delicious
- 3 slightly puffy
- 2 slightly prickly
- 1 prickly
- the degree of drying of the food at the time of eating was evaluated in five stages of not delicious.
- oil separation suppression 5: little oil separation, 4: little oil separation, 3: oil separation but acceptable range, 2: little oil separation, 1: many oil separation, The five stages were evaluated for oil separation from cooking (leaching of fat derived from ingredients) during cooking.
- oil-containing foods (fried from chicken) in 5 stages: 5: delicious, 4: slightly delicious, 3: normal, 2: not delicious, 1: not delicious The taste was evaluated.
- ⁇ Astringent taste> A total of 10 trained sensory inspectors tasted 1 tablespoon of each composition sample and evaluated the quality of “astringent taste” at the time of eating. Specifically, 5: tasty without astringent taste, 4: little astringent taste, slightly tasty, 3: slightly astringent taste, acceptable, 2: slightly astringent taste conspicuous, not slightly delicious, 1: astringent taste The astringent taste of the composition sample at the time of eating was evaluated in five stages, which are conspicuous and not delicious.
- composition sample was thinly stretched to a thickness of 1 mm on a plate, and 10 trained sensory inspectors visually observed it to evaluate its quality.
- the sensory inspector compared the degree of water separation of the composition sample left at 4 ° C. overnight (16 hours) with the composition sample immediately after production. And evaluated. As a score, 5: almost no water separation is preferable, 4: droplet separation is recognized on the surface of the composition, but a little preferable as a whole, 3: droplet separation is recognized on the composition surface, but the tolerance is 2, The evaluation was made on a five-point scale: liquid droplet separation was observed on the composition surface, the number being slightly higher, and the number being slightly unfavorable, 1: liquid droplet separation was observed on the composition surface, and the number being noticeably undesirable.
- evaluation items relating to taste, “Drying suppression”, “Oil separation suppression”, “Food taste of fat-containing food”, and “Astringent taste” are as follows for sensory inspectors: A) After the identification training of ⁇ C), the results are particularly excellent, product development experience, knowledge about the quality of food such as taste and appearance, and absolute evaluation of each sensory test item is possible. Selected inspectors.
- evaluation of each evaluation item was performed by a method in which each inspector selects one of the numbers closest to his / her own evaluation from among the five grades of each item.
- the total of the evaluation results was calculated from the arithmetic average value of the scores of a total of 10 people, and the standard deviation was calculated in order to evaluate the variation among the panelists.
- composition of the present invention is expected to be applied mainly in the food field due to the aforementioned unknown attribute of astringent taste reduction, and as an alternative to emulsifiers due to the aforementioned unknown attribute of improved emulsification capacity, Since it can be widely used in various other fields in addition to the field, it is industrially advantageous.
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Abstract
Description
[1]
不溶性食物繊維を含む微粒子複合体を含有する組成物であって、下記(1)~(5)を満たすと共に、下記(6-1)~(6-3)のうち1以上を満たす組成物。
(1)不溶性食物繊維を0.1質量%以上含有する。
(2)全油脂分含量が20質量%未満である。
(3)超音波処理前の最大粒子径が100μmより大きい。
(4)超音波処理前のモード径が5μm以上400μm以下である。
(5)超音波処理後のモード径が0.3μm以上100μm以下である。
(6-1)下記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)が1.20以上である。
(数1)
N(I)=(α/β) (I)
(6-2)下記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)が1.40以上である。
(数2)
N(II)=(α/β)/ω (II)
(6-3)下記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)が0.50以上である。
(数3)
N(III)=(α/β)×γA (III)
(但し、前記式(I)~(III)中、
αは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「長径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
βは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「短径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
ωは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「凹凸度」の10パーセンタイル値を表し、
γAは、超音波処理後の単位体積当り比表面積を表す。)
[2]
水分含量/(水分含量+全油脂分含量)が75%以上である[1]に記載の組成物。
[3]
超音波処理前の単位体積当り比表面積(γB)と超音波処理後の単位体積当り比表面積(γA)との比(γB/γA)が0.8以下である、[1]又は[2]に記載の組成物。
[4]
乳化容量が50%以上である、[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[5]
微粒子複合体の含有量が4質量%以上98質量%以下である、[1]~[4]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[6]
不溶性食物繊維が、不溶性食物繊維含有食材の可食部及び/又は非可食部由来のものを含む、[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[7]
不溶性食物繊維が、同一種類の不溶性食物繊維含有食材の可食部及び非可食部由来のものを含む、[6]に記載の組成物。
[8]
不溶性食物繊維含有食材が、種実類、穀物類、豆類、野菜類、及び果実類から選ばれる1種類以上である、[6]又は[7]に記載の組成物。
[9]
不溶性食物繊維含有食材が、ニンジン、カボチャ、とうもろこし、ダイズ、エダマメ、パプリカ、ビーツ、グリーンピース、ブロッコリー、及びトマトから選ばれる1種類以上である、[8]に記載の組成物。
[10]
不溶性食物繊維含有食材の非可食部が、スイートコーンの芯、パプリカの種又はへた、カボチャの種又はわた、ビーツの皮、ブロッコリーの茎葉、エダマメの鞘、及びトマトのへたから選ばれる1種類以上である、[9]に記載の組成物。
[11]
不溶性食物繊維含有食材の粉砕処理物を含む、[6]~[10]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
[12]
前記粉砕処理物が媒体撹拌ミル処理物である、[11]に記載の組成物。
[13]
前記媒体撹拌ミル処理物が湿式媒体撹拌ミル処理物である、[12]に記載の組成物。
[14]
下記(6-1’)~(6-3’)のうち1以上を満たす、[11]~[13]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(6-1’)前記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加するまで粉砕処理された状態である。
(6-2’)前記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加するまで粉砕処理された状態である。
(6-3’)前記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加するまで粉砕処理された状態である。
[15]
[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含有する飲食品。
[16]
[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含有する液状調味料。
[17]
[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を製造する方法であって、不溶性食物繊維含有食材を粉砕処理することを含む方法。
[18]
粉砕処理が媒体撹拌ミル処理である、[16]又は[17]に記載の方法。
[19]
粉砕処理が湿式媒体撹拌ミル処理である、[18]に記載の方法。
[20]
媒体撹拌ミル処理が、最大圧0.01MPa以上1MPa以下の加圧条件下で実施される、[17]~[19]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[21]
媒体撹拌ミル処理が、処理開始時の処理温度T1(℃)及び終了時の処理温度T2(℃)が下記式(A)を満たす昇温条件下で実施される、[17]~[20]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(数4)
T1+1<T2<T1+50 (A)
[22]
不溶性食物繊維含有食材の水分活性値が0.95以下である、[17]~[21]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[23]
不溶性食物繊維含有食材中の利用可能炭水化物が2質量%以上である、[17]~[22]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[24]
不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物の乳化容量を向上させる方法であって、不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物を粉砕処理することにより、[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物とすることを含む方法。
[25]
不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物の収斂味を改善する方法であって、不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物を粉砕処理することにより、[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物とすることを含む方法。
[26]
[1]~[14]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含有せしめることで、液状調味料を製造する方法。
[27]
下記(6-1’)~(6-3’)のうち1以上を満たすまで粉砕処理を行う、[17]~[26]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(6-1’)前記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加する。
(6-2’)前記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加する。
(6-3’)前記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加する。
本発明の一側面は、不溶性食物繊維を含む微粒子複合体を含有する組成物(以下適宜「本発明の組成物」という)に関する。
本発明の組成物は、不溶性食物繊維を含有する。本発明において「食物繊維」とは、ヒトの消化酵素で消化されない食品中の難消化性成分の総体を意味する。また、本発明において「不溶性食物繊維」とは、食物繊維のうち水不溶性のものを指す。不溶性食物繊維の例としては、制限されるものではないが、リグニン、セルロース、ヘミセルロース、キチン、キトサン等が挙げられる。但し、不溶性食物繊維の中でもリグニン、特に酸可溶性リグニンは、摂食性が顕著に悪いことから、本願発明の適用により摂食性改善効果がより顕著に得られることになる。こうした観点からは、不溶性食物繊維としてリグニン、特に酸可溶性リグニンが好ましい。
前述のように、本発明の組成物に含まれる不溶性食物繊維は、食材に由来するものであることが好ましい。ひいては、本発明の組成物は、不溶性食物繊維含有食材を含むことが好ましい。不溶性食物繊維含有食材の種類は制限されず、飲食に適する食材であれば、任意の食材を使用することが可能である。但し、不溶性食物繊維を一定比率以上含有することが好ましい。具体的には、食材に対する不溶性食物繊維の乾燥質量比率が、通常1質量%以上、中でも3質量%以上、更には5質量%以上、特に10質量%以上であることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、前記の不溶性食物繊維含有食材の他にも、任意の不溶性食物繊維を含有しない1又は2以上の食材を含んでいてもよい。斯かる食材の例としては、植物性食材、微生物性食品、動物性食材等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物に使用される食材、即ち不溶性食物繊維含有食材及び/又はその他の(不溶性食物繊維を含有しない)食材が、可食部と共に非可食部を含有する場合、その可食部のみを用いてもよく、非可食部のみを用いてもよく、可食部と非可食部とを共に用いてもよい。本発明において、食材の「非可食部」とは、食材の通常飲食に適さない部分や、通常の食習慣では廃棄される部分を表し、「可食部」とは、食材全体から廃棄部位(非可食部)を除いた部分を表す。特に不溶性食物繊維含有食材の場合、不溶性食物繊維を含有する部分は、摂食性や他の食品との相性が悪く、従来は喫食に用いられず廃棄される場合が多かったが、本発明ではこうした不溶性食物繊維を含有する非可食部を好適に使用することができる。本発明において、組成物中に非可食部が湿重量で0.1質量%以上含有されることが好ましく、0.5質量%以上含有されることがさらに好ましく、0.8質量%以上含有されることがさらに好ましく、1.0質量%以上含有されることがさらに好ましく、2.0質量%以上含有されることがさらに好ましく、3.0質量%以上含有されることが最も好ましい。また、前記質量比率の上限は、通常98質量%以下、中でも91質量%以下、更には85質量%以下、とりわけ80質量%以下、特に55質量%以下であることが好ましい。
また、本発明の組成物が不溶性食物繊維含有食材の可食部と非可食部とを共に含有する場合、これらの可食部及び非可食部はそれぞれ別の種類の不溶性食物繊維含有食材に由来するものであってもよいが、同一種類の不溶性食物繊維含有食材に由来する可食部及び非可食部を含むことが好ましい。即ち、同一種類の不溶性食物繊維含有食材に由来する可食部の一部又は全部と、非可食部の一部又は全部とを使用することで、斯かる不溶性食物繊維含有食材の栄養を無駄なく摂取することが可能となる。特に本発明の組成物は、後述のように不溶性食物繊維に起因する収斂味が改善されるので、こうした不溶性食物繊維を多く含む食材の非可食部を無駄なく容易に摂取できる。
本発明の組成物は、1種又は2種以上の油脂を含有していてもよい。油脂の種類としては、各種の脂肪酸(例えばリノール酸、リノレン酸、オレイン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ヘキサン酸、オクタン酸、デカン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、ペンタデカン酸等)を1種又は任意の組合せで2種以上用いてもよいが、食用油脂、又は、食用油脂を含む食材や食用油脂を原料とする食材等を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の組成物は、任意の1又は2以上の調味料・食品添加物等を含んでいてもよい。調味料・食品添加物等の例としては、醤油、味噌、アルコール類、糖類(例えばブドウ糖、ショ糖、果糖、ブドウ糖果糖液糖、果糖ブドウ糖液糖等)、糖アルコール(例えばキシリトール、エリスリトール、マルチトール等)、人工甘味料(例えばスクラロース、アスパルテーム、サッカリン、アセスルファムK等)、ミネラル(例えばカルシウム、カリウム、ナトリウム、鉄、亜鉛、マグネシウム等、及びこれらの塩類等)、香料、pH調整剤(例えば水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、乳酸、クエン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸及び酢酸等)、シクロデキストリン、酸化防止剤(例えばビタミンE、ビタミンC、茶抽出物、生コーヒー豆抽出物、クロロゲン酸、香辛料抽出物、カフェ酸、ローズマリー抽出物、ビタミンCパルミテート、ルチン、ケルセチン、ヤマモモ抽出物、ゴマ抽出物等)等、乳化剤(例としてはグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、酢酸モノグリセリド、乳酸モノグリセリド、クエン酸モノグリセリド、ジアセチル酒石酸モノグリセリド、コハク酸モノグリセリド、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン縮合リノシール酸エステル、キラヤ抽出物、ダイズサポニン、チャ種子サポニン、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル等)、着色料、増粘安定剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物には、水分が含まれていることが好ましい。組成物中の水分は、前述した組成物の各種成分に由来するものであってもよいが、更に水として添加してもよい。本発明において、組成物の水分含量とは、組成物の各種成分に由来する水分量と別途添加した水分量の合計量を意味する。
本発明の組成物においては、不溶性食物繊維が微粒子の形態で存在する。なお、前記の微粒子は、1種又は2種以上の不溶性食物繊維のみから形成されるものであってもよいが、1種又は2種以上の不溶性食物繊維と、1種又は2種以上の他の成分とから形成されるものであってもよい。
本発明の組成物は、擾乱前後の組成物に含まれる微粒子複合体及び微粒子の粒子径に関する各種パラメータ、即ち最大粒子径、モード粒子径、及び粒子径のd50が、以下の特定の要件を満たすことが好ましい。即ち、本発明の組成物は、擾乱を加えない状態、即ち超音波処理を行う前の状態では、多数の微粒子複合体を含有するのに対し、擾乱を加えた状態、即ち超音波処理を行った後の状態では、その微粒子複合体の一部又は全部が崩壊して単独の微粒子となるので、超音波処理前と処理後では、最大粒子径だけでなく、モード粒子径、及び粒子径のd50等、粒子径に関する各種パラメータが大きく変化する。
本発明の組成物は、前記の各種要件に加えて、擾乱を加える前後、即ち、超音波処理前後の組成物中の粒子(微粒子及び微粒子複合体)の単位体積当り比表面積が、以下の要件を満たすことが好ましい。即ち、本発明の組成物は、擾乱を加えない状態、即ち超音波処理を行う前の状態では、多数の微粒子複合体を含有するのに対し、擾乱を加えた状態、即ち超音波処理を行った後の状態では、その微粒子複合体の一部又は全部が崩壊して単独の微粒子となるので、超音波処理前と処理後では、その単位体積当り比表面積も大きく変化する。
本発明の組成物は、その中に含まれる、不溶性食物繊維を含む微粒子及び微粒子複合体の形態を規定する以下の要件(1)~(3)のうち、少なくとも1つ以上、好ましくは2つ以上、より好ましくは3つ全てを充足する。
要件(1)は、下記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)を所定値以上とする要件である。
(数1)
N(I)=(α/β) (I)
但し、前記式(I)中、
αは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「長径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
βは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「短径」の90パーセンタイル値を表す。
言い換えれば、要件(1)を満たす、即ち、数値N(I)が所定値以上である微粒子複合体含有組成物とは、短径に対して長径が長い(細長い)という形態的特徴を持った微粒子を支配的に有し、その割合が通常の組成物よりも高いことを意味する。
なお、数値N(I)の上限は制限されないが、生産時の利便性の観点から、通常4.0以下、中でも3.0以下であることが好ましい。
要件(2)は、下記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)を所定値以上とする要件である。
(数2)
N(II)=(α/β)/ω (II)
但し、前記式(II)中、
αは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「長径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
βは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「短径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
ωは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「凹凸度」の10パーセンタイル値を表す。
言い換えれば、要件(2)を満たす、即ち、数値N(II)が所定値以上である微粒子複合体含有組成物とは、短径に対して長径が長く(細長く)、且つ粒子表面が凸凹しているという形態的特徴を持った微粒子を支配的に有し、その割合が通常の組成物よりも高いことを意味する。
なお、数値N(II)の上限は制限されないが、生産時の利便性の観点から、通常4.0以下、中でも3.0以下であることが好ましい。
要件(3)は、下記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)を所定値以上とする要件である。
(数3)
N(III)=(α/β)×γA (III)
但し、前記式(III)中、
αは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「長径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
βは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「短径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
γAは、超音波処理後の単位体積当り比表面積を表す。
言い換えれば、要件(3)を満たす、即ち、数値N(III)が所定値以上である微粒子複合体含有組成物とは、短径に対して長径が長く(細長く)、且つ超音波処理によって凝集が崩れた後の単位体積あたりの比表面積が大きいという形態的特徴を持った微粒子を支配的に有し、その割合が通常の組成物よりも高いことを意味する。
なお、数値N(III)の上限は制限されないが、生産時の利便性の観点から、通常4.0以下、中でも3.0以下であることが好ましい。
本発明において、前述のN(I)~N(III)を算出するための各種パラメータ、即ち、組成物中の粒子(微粒子及び微粒子複合体)の長径、短径、及び凹凸度の測定は、粒子形状解析装置を用いた平面画像解析により行うことができる。例としては、微粒子粒子画像の正確な形態的特徴が把握できるため、以下の手法で行なうことで好ましい。即ち、一般的な個別の粒子画像を撮影してその形状を解析できる機能を有する粒子形状解析装置を用い、例えば粉粒体懸濁液である組成物をフローセル内に流し、撮影視野に入った微粒子複合体を自動的に判別し、その形態的特徴を把握解析することが好ましい。ここで、微粒子複合体を無作為に抽出し、短時間で大量の個別粒子情報を自動的に得ることができる粒子形状解析装置を用いることが好ましい。具体的には、動的画像解析法による粒子分析型の装置であって、高画素のカメラを設置可能な粒子分析計(例えば株式会社セイシン企業製のPITA-4等)を使用することが好ましい。
本発明の組成物において、不溶性食物繊維を含有する微粒子及び微粒子複合体の含有量は、所定の範囲を満たすことが好ましい。具体的に、組成物全体に対する微粒子及び微粒子複合体の質量比率は、通常4質量%以上、中でも6質量%以上、更には8質量%以上、とりわけ9質量%以上、特に10質量%以上であることが好ましい。前記質量比率を前記下限値以上とすることにより、不溶性食物繊維を含有する食味を十分に感じることができて好ましい。一方、前記質量比率の上限は、通常98質量%以下、中でも91質量%以下、更には85質量%以下、とりわけ80質量%以下、特に55質量%以下であることが好ましい。前記質量比率を前記上限値以下とすることにより、不溶性食物繊維を含有する食材の摂取を容易とすることができて好ましい。また、微粒子複合体が食品微粒子の複合体であることで、より食味を感じやすくなるため、好ましく、食物繊維含有食品微粒子の複合体であることが最も好ましい。
本発明の組成物を調製する方法は、制限されるものではなく、前記の各種要件を充足する組成物が得られる限りにおいて、任意の手法を用いることができる。具体的には、本発明の組成物の材料、例えば不溶性食物繊維含有食材、並びに任意により用いられるその他の食材、食用油脂、調味料、及びその他の成分を混合すればよい。但し、不溶性食物繊維含有食材を、場合により食用油脂やその他の食材や成分の存在下で、微細化処理する工程を含む方法が好ましい。このように不溶性食物繊維含有食材を微細化処理することで、不溶性食物繊維を含む微粒子の複合体が形成されやすくなる。斯かる微細化処理により、どうして微粒子の複合体が形成されるのかは定かではないが、不溶性食物繊維含有食材を微細化処理することで、不溶性食物繊維を含有する微粒子が形成されると共に、斯かる微粒子が複数集合して再凝集を起こし、前記の特殊な形状的特徴を有する複合体が形成される可能性がある。斯かる微粒子の凝集による複合体の形成は、特に一定の水分や油脂を共存させたり、高剪断力を印加したり、加圧条件や昇温条件を印加したりすることで、より促進される可能性もある。従来、このような条件の下で、微粒子複合体が再凝集によって特定の形状特性を有する複合体を形成することや、斯かる複合体の形成により前述の各種の有用な効果が得られることは、全く知られていなかった。
本発明の組成物は、種々の優れた特性を有する。その一つが乳化容量の向上である。本発明において「乳化容量」とは、20℃に調整したサンプルを100rpm程度で攪拌しながらサラダ油を徐々に注加し、組成物の表面に油滴が浮遊し始めるまで油を注加した時の、組成物1質量部に対する油の全注加量の質量割合(%)を表す。組成物100gに対する油の全注加量が50gであった場合、乳化容量は50%となる。乳化容量の高い組成物は、他の油脂と接触し、又は他の油脂と混合された場合に、当該油脂を乳化・安定化する能力に優れている。具体的に、本発明の組成物の乳化容量は、限定されるものではないが、通常50%以上、中でも70%以上、更には100%以上、とりわけ150%以上、特に200%以上であることが好ましい。こうした特性により、本発明の組成物は、油水混合食品の安定剤として用いることができる他、本発明の組成物を食品として、油脂を多く含有する料理と共に喫食することで、料理の乾燥(食材由来の水の蒸発)を防ぎ、さらに料理の離油(食材由来の油脂分の浸出)も抑制することで、料理の食味を向上させると共に、斯かる向上した食味を長時間持続させることができるという性質を示す。なお、本明細書において「油脂を多く含有する料理」とは、特に断りなき限り、油脂を通常3質量%以上、中でも5質量%以上含む料理を指すものとする。斯かる料理の例は種々存在するが、一例としては各種の揚げ物等が挙げられる。
試験例1~41の組成物試料を以下のとおりに調製した。
上記手順で得られた試験例1~41の組成物試料について、その形態及び物性に関する特徴を以下の手順により解析した。
擾乱を加えない状態での(超音波処理前の)各組成物試料中の粒子(微粒子及び微粒子複合体)の形態的特徴解析には、動的画像解析法による粒子分析型であり、且つ、後述する高画素カメラを設置可能な粒子分析計として、株式会社セイシン企業製のPITA-4を使用した。粒子画像の撮影には、有効画素数1920(H)×1080(V)であり、且つ、画素サイズが2.8μm×2.8μm程度よりも詳細な平面画像を撮影可能なカメラとして、DMK33UX290(The Imaging Source社製)を用いた。撮影時の対物レンズとしては倍率4倍のものを用い、フローセルとしては合成石英ガラス製の平面伸張セルを用いた。
レーザー回折式粒度分布測定装置として、マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社のMicrotrac MT3300 EX2システムを用い、各組成物試料の粒子径分布を測定した。測定時の溶媒としては蒸留水を使用し、測定アプリケーションソフトウェアとしてはDMSII(Data Management System version2、マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社)を用いた。測定に際しては、測定アプリケーションソフトウェアの洗浄ボタンを押下して洗浄を実施したのち、同ソフトのSetzeroボタンを押下してゼロ合わせを実施し、サンプルローディングで適正濃度範囲に入るまでサンプルを直接投入した。
各組成物試料を20℃に調整し、100rpm程度で攪拌しながら、サラダ油を徐々に注加し、組成物の表面に油滴が浮遊し始めた時点で注加を停止し、組成物試料に対する油の全注加量の質量割合(%)を測定した。
上記手順で得られた試験例1~41の組成物試料について、以下の手順によりその官能評価を実施した。
油脂含有料理として鶏のから揚げ(脂質8%)を用いた。当該料理をレンジアップした後、その上面に各組成物試料を大さじ1杯戴置し、冷蔵庫(4℃)で一晩(概ね16時間)静置した。その後、訓練された官能検査員のべ10名が料理を試食して、喫食時の食味について品質を評価した。
訓練された官能検査員のべ10名が、各組成物試料大さじ1杯を試食して、喫食時の「収斂味」について品質を評価した。具体的には、5:収斂味がなくおいしい、4:収斂味が少なく、ややおいしい、3:やや収斂味があるが許容範囲、2:やや収斂味が目立ち、ややおいしくない、1:収斂味が目立ち、おいしくない、の5段階で、喫食時における組成物試料の収斂味を評価した。
各組成物試料を皿に1mmの厚さで薄く伸ばしたものを、訓練された官能検査員のべ10名が目視で観察し、その品質を評価した。
前記の各官能試験のうち、味覚に関する評価項目である「乾燥抑制」、「離油抑制」、「油脂含有料理の食味」、及び「収斂味」については、官能検査員に対して下記A)~C)の識別訓練を実施した上で、特に成績が優秀で、商品開発経験があり、食品の味や外観といった品質についての知識が豊富で、各官能検査項目に関して絶対評価を行うことが可能な検査員を選抜した。
B)濃度がわずかに異なる5種類の食塩水溶液、酢酸水溶液の濃度差を正確に識別する濃度差識別試験。
C)メーカーA社醤油2つにメーカーB社醤油1つの計3つのサンプルからB社醤油を正確に識別する3点識別試験。
試験例1~41の組成物試料の解析及び評価結果を以下の表3に示す。
Claims (27)
- 不溶性食物繊維を含む微粒子複合体を含有する組成物であって、下記(1)~(5)を満たすと共に、下記(6-1)~(6-3)のうち1以上を満たす組成物。
(1)不溶性食物繊維を0.1質量%以上含有する。
(2)全油脂分含量が20質量%未満である。
(3)超音波処理前の最大粒子径が100μmより大きい。
(4)超音波処理前のモード径が5μm以上400μm以下である。
(5)超音波処理後のモード径が0.3μm以上100μm以下である。
(6-1)下記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)が1.20以上である。
(数1)
N(I)=(α/β) (I)
(6-2)下記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)が1.40以上である。
(数2)
N(II)=(α/β)/ω (II)
(6-3)下記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)が0.50以上である。
(数3)
N(III)=(α/β)×γA (III)
(但し、前記式(I)~(III)中、
αは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「長径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
βは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「短径」の90パーセンタイル値を表し、
ωは、粒子形状画像解析装置により測定される超音波処理前の「凹凸度」の10パーセンタイル値を表し、
γAは、超音波処理後の単位体積当り比表面積を表す。) - 水分含量/(水分含量+全油脂分含量)が75%以上である請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 超音波処理前の単位体積当り比表面積(γB)と超音波処理後の単位体積当り比表面積(γA)との比(γB/γA)が0.8以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 乳化容量が50%以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 微粒子複合体の含有量が4質量%以上98質量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 不溶性食物繊維が、不溶性食物繊維含有食材の可食部及び/又は非可食部由来のものを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 不溶性食物繊維が、同一種類の不溶性食物繊維含有食材の可食部及び非可食部由来のものを含む、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 不溶性食物繊維含有食材が、種実類、穀物類、豆類、野菜類、及び果実類から選ばれる1種類以上である、請求項6又は7に記載の組成物。
- 不溶性食物繊維含有食材が、ニンジン、カボチャ、とうもろこし、ダイズ、エダマメ、パプリカ、ビーツ、グリーンピース、ブロッコリー、及びトマトから選ばれる1種類以上である、請求項8に記載の組成物。
- 不溶性食物繊維含有食材の非可食部が、スイートコーンの芯、パプリカの種又はへた、カボチャの種又はわた、ビーツの皮、ブロッコリーの茎葉、エダマメの鞘、及びトマトのへたから選ばれる1種類以上である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 不溶性食物繊維含有食材の粉砕処理物を含む、請求項6~10のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 前記粉砕処理物が、媒体撹拌ミル処理物である、請求項11に記載の組成物。
- 前記媒体撹拌ミル処理物が湿式媒体撹拌ミル処理物である、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 下記(6-1’)~(6-3’)のうち1以上を満たす、請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
(6-1’)前記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加するまで粉砕処理された状態である。
(6-2’)前記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加するまで粉砕処理された状態である。
(6-3’)前記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加するまで粉砕処理された状態である。 - 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含有する飲食品。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含有する液状調味料。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を製造する方法であって、不溶性食物繊維含有食材を粉砕処理することを含む方法。
- 粉砕処理が媒体撹拌ミル処理である、請求項16又は17に記載の方法。
- 粉砕処理が湿式媒体撹拌ミル処理である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 媒体撹拌ミル処理が、最大圧0.01MPa以上1MPa以下の加圧条件下で実施される、請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 媒体撹拌ミル処理が、処理開始時の処理温度T1(℃)及び終了時の処理温度T2(℃)が下記式(A)を満たす昇温条件下で実施される、請求項17~20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(数4)
T1+1<T2<T1+50 (A) - 不溶性食物繊維含有食材の水分活性値が0.95以下である、請求項17~21のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 不溶性食物繊維含有食材中の利用可能炭水化物が2質量%以上である、請求項17~22のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物の乳化容量を向上させる方法であって、不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物を粉砕処理することにより、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物とすることを含む方法。
- 不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物の収斂味を改善する方法であって、不溶性食物繊維を含む組成物を粉砕処理することにより、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物とすることを含む方法。
- 請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を含有せしめることで、液状調味料を製造する方法。
- 下記(6-1’)~(6-3’)のうち1以上を満たすまで粉砕処理を行う、請求項17~26のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(6-1’)前記式(I)により求められる数値N(I)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加する。
(6-2’)前記式(II)により求められる数値N(II)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加する。
(6-3’)前記式(III)により求められる数値N(III)が、粉砕前後で5%以上増加する。
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