WO2019124122A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用負極及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a negative electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a negative electrode used in a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of the current collector.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material, and further contains a binder for binding particles of the negative electrode active material and the negative electrode active material and the current collector. Since the performance of the binder greatly affects the battery characteristics, various binders have been developed in order to improve the battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics and storage characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 the weight ratio of the structural unit (a) derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester monomer to the structural unit (b) derived from the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer is from 99 to 60/1 to A binding agent of 40 is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a binder formed by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer having a boiling point of 145 ° C. or higher.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a copolymer comprising an alkyl-modified carboxyl group-containing copolymer obtained by copolymerizing (meth) acrylic acid and a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having 18 to 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl group. Adhesives are disclosed.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of suppressing the battery resistance low even in a low temperature environment while maintaining the good binding property of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the conventional techniques including the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 3 still have room for improvement in achieving both the favorable binding property of the negative electrode mixture layer and the reduction of the battery resistance.
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a negative electrode including a negative electrode mixture layer including a negative electrode active material and a binder, and at least 1) a polymer comprising a constituent unit A represented by 1), a constituent unit B represented by formula (2), and a constituent unit C represented by formula (3); It is characterized in that the molar ratio of A (l / m) is 0.2 to 1.8.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms]
- M is H and / or a monovalent metal atom
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an aspect of the present disclosure, includes the above-described negative electrode.
- a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of suppressing the battery resistance low even in a low temperature environment while maintaining the good binding property of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- an increase in battery resistance is suppressed even in a low temperature environment.
- the present inventors are composed of the above structural units A, B and C, and the molar ratio (1 / m) of the structural unit A to the structural unit B is 0.2 to 1
- a polymer of .8 to the binder of the negative electrode mixture layer, it succeeded in achieving both a good binding property and a low battery resistance in a low temperature environment.
- a polymer composed of the structural units A, B and C and having a molar ratio (1 / m) of the structural unit A to the structural unit B is 0.2 to 1.8 It is considered that (hereinafter, referred to as “polymer P”) absorbs the electrolytic solution and easily swells, which contributes to the reduction of the battery resistance.
- the particle surface of the negative electrode active material is covered with a binder, but the polymer P has high ion permeability and does not inhibit lithium ions contained in the electrolytic solution from moving to the particle surface of the active material. That is, by applying the polymer P to the binder, it is considered that the migration resistance of lithium ions in the negative electrode is reduced and the battery characteristics are improved. Furthermore, according to the polymer P, good binding property of the negative electrode mixture layer can be secured.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 which is an example of the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 provided with a rectangular battery case 11.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure is not limited to a square battery, and may be a cylindrical battery, a coin battery, or the like provided with a metal case such as a cylindrical or coin shape.
- it may be a so-called laminate battery provided with a resin case formed of a resin film on which a metal layer is laminated.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a battery case 11 and an electrode body 14 housed in the case.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) is filled in the battery case 11.
- the battery case 11 is a substantially rectangular metal case made of a bottomed cylindrical case main body 12 having an opening and a sealing plate 13 for closing the opening of the main body.
- the electrode assembly 14 includes a positive electrode 15, a negative electrode 16, and a separator 17 interposed between the positive electrode 15 and the negative electrode 16.
- the electrode body 14 may be accommodated in the case body 12 in a state in which the side surface and the bottom surface are covered by the insulating holder.
- the electrode body 14 is, for example, an electrode body having a wound structure in which the positive electrode 15 and the negative electrode 16 are spirally wound with the separator 17 interposed therebetween, and has a flat shape.
- the positive electrode 15, the negative electrode 16, and the separator 17 are all formed in a band shape.
- the negative electrode 16 is formed one size larger than the positive electrode 15 from the viewpoint of lithium ion acceptance during charging.
- the electrode body 14 may have a stacked structure in which a plurality of positive electrodes 15 and a plurality of negative electrodes 16 are alternately stacked via a plurality of separators 17 or a folded separator 17.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a positive electrode terminal 18 electrically connected to the positive electrode 15 and a negative electrode terminal 19 electrically connected to the negative electrode 16.
- the positive electrode terminal 18 is provided on one end side of the sealing plate 13 in the longitudinal direction
- the negative electrode terminal 19 is provided on the other end side of the sealing plate 13 in the longitudinal direction.
- a through hole is formed in the sealing plate 13 at the attachment position of each terminal, and each terminal is attached to the through hole via a resin gasket.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 may be provided with a conductive member that connects the electrode and the terminal.
- the sealing plate 13 is generally provided with a gas discharge valve, a liquid injection hole for injecting an electrolytic solution, a sealing plug for sealing the liquid injection hole, and the like (all not shown).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 in particular, the negative electrode 16 will be described in detail below.
- the positive electrode 15 includes a positive electrode current collector 20 and a positive electrode mixture layer 21 formed on the current collector.
- a foil of a metal stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 15 such as aluminum, a film in which the metal is disposed on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 21 includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and is formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector 20.
- the positive electrode 15 is obtained by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder and the like on the positive electrode current collector 20, drying the coated film, and rolling to form the positive electrode mixture layer 21. It can be produced by forming on both sides of the current collector 20.
- lithium metal complex oxide containing metallic elements such as Co, Mn, Ni, and Al
- the metal elements constituting the lithium metal composite oxide are, for example, Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Y, Zr, Sn, Sb At least one selected from W, Pb, and Bi. Among them, it is preferable to include at least one selected from Co, Ni, Mn, and Al.
- suitable lithium metal composite oxides include lithium metal composite oxides containing Co, Ni and Mn, and lithium metal composite oxides containing Co, Ni and Al.
- Examples of the conductive material include carbon materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene.
- Examples of the binder include fluorine-containing resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resin, polyolefin and the like. Further, these resins may be used in combination with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO) or the like.
- the content of the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture layer 21 is, for example, 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material. If the content of the conductive material is within the above range, it is easy to ensure the good conductivity of the positive electrode mixture layer 21. Further, the content of the binder in the positive electrode mixture layer 21 is, for example, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material. If the content of the binder is within the above range, it is easy to ensure good binding between the positive electrode active materials, the positive electrode active material and the conductive material, and the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector 20. Become.
- the negative electrode 16 includes a negative electrode current collector 22 and a negative electrode mixture layer 23 formed on the current collector.
- a foil of a metal stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 16 such as copper, a film in which the metal is disposed on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 23 contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is formed on both sides of the negative electrode current collector 22.
- the negative electrode 16 is obtained by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder and the like on the negative electrode current collector 22, drying the coated film, and rolling to form the negative electrode current collector layer 23. It can be produced by forming on both sides of 22.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it can occlude and release lithium ions reversibly, for example, carbon materials such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, metals to be alloyed with Li such as Si and Sn, or Si An oxide containing a metal element such as Sn can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain lithium titanium composite oxide.
- the lithium titanium composite oxide functions as a negative electrode active material.
- a preferred example of the negative electrode active material is graphite.
- Graphite may be used in combination with other negative electrode active materials such as Si-containing compounds.
- a silicon oxide represented by SiO x (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5) is preferably used.
- SiO x has a structure in which Si is dispersed in an amorphous SiO 2 matrix.
- SiO x may contain lithium silicate (for example, lithium silicate represented by Li 2 z SiO 2 (2 + z) (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 2)) in the particles, and a structure in which Si is dispersed in the lithium silicate phase is You may have.
- the particle surface of the SiO x preferably is formed consists conductive coating material having a high conductivity than SiO x such as carbon film.
- the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer 23 is not particularly limited, but 40 to 60% can be mentioned as a preferable example. If the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer 23 is within the above range, it is easy to suppress an increase in battery resistance under a low temperature environment. Although the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer 23 can be measured by the method shown in the below-mentioned Example, the method shown in the Example is suitably changed according to the constituent material of the negative electrode mixture layer 23.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 23 at least a structural unit A represented by the formula (1), a structural unit B represented by the formula (2), and a structural unit represented by the formula (3) as a binder.
- Polymer P composed of C is included.
- the molar ratio (1 / m) of the constituent unit A to the constituent unit B is 0.2 to 1.8.
- the molar ratio (l / m) is an important factor to control the binding property of the polymer P to the negative electrode active material and the current collector, and the degree of swelling to the electrolyte which is considered to contribute to the ion permeability of the polymer P.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M is H and / or a monovalent metal atom
- the molar ratio of each structural unit in the polymer P can be measured by the following procedure. (1) The negative electrode mixture layer is peeled off from the negative electrode and dispersed in water, and the active material is removed by standing or centrifuging. (2) The remaining component is filtered and washed with a membrane filter to remove CMC and the like, and the binder component is isolated. (3) The isolated binder component is specified and quantified using pyrolysis GC, and the ester structure of the resin component is hydrolyzed with an alkali such as sodium hydroxide to obtain 1H-NMR, 13C -Identify and quantify the structure of the alcohol formed by NMR.
- an alkali such as sodium hydroxide
- the content of the polymer P in the negative electrode mixture layer 23 is, for example, 0.3 to 3.5 parts by weight, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry preferably uses water as a dispersion medium, and the polymer P is synthesized as a dispersion in water, that is, as an emulsion, and added to the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 23 may contain polyacrylonitrile (PAN), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide (PEO), and the like. Among them, salts of CMC (for example, sodium salt of CMC) are suitable. When CMC or a salt thereof is added to the negative electrode mixture layer 23, the content thereof is, for example, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- salts of CMC for example, sodium salt of CMC
- CMC or a salt thereof is added to the negative electrode mixture layer 23, the content thereof is, for example, 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material.
- the surfactant having a molecular weight of less than 5000 contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 23 is preferably less than 10 ppm.
- the content of the surfactant is measured by liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC).
- the molecular weight means a weight average molecular weight.
- the conventional binder added to the negative electrode mixture layer 23 generally contains a surfactant having a molecular weight of less than 5000, but when the surfactant is present, for example, the surfactant is eluted in the electrolyte. It may be a resistive component.
- the polymer P can be manufactured by the soap free emulsion polymerization method which does not use surfactant. For this reason, when polymer P is used as the binder, the content of the surfactant contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 23 is less than 10 ppm, and further below the measurement limit by LC and GC, for example, substantially 0%. can do.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- monomers for introducing the structural unit A into the polymer P monomer A described later
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- EMA ethyl methacrylate
- PMA n-propyl methacrylate
- BMA n-butyl methacrylate
- R1 exceeds 4
- the degree of swelling of the polymer P by the electrolyte decreases, and it becomes difficult to synthesize the polymer P by the soap-free emulsion polymerization method.
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- monomers (monomer B described later) for introducing the structural unit B into the polymer P methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-propyl acrylate (PA), i-propyl acrylate (IPA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), i-butyl acrylate (IBA), t-butyl acrylate (TBA) and the like. That is, the structural unit B is a structural unit derived from the monomer B.
- R2 exceeds 4, the degree of swelling of the polymer P to the electrolyte decreases, and it becomes difficult to synthesize the polymer P by the soap-free emulsion polymerization method.
- R 2 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- M is H and / or a monovalent metal atom, preferably at least a portion of which is a monovalent metal atom.
- a particularly preferred metal element is Li.
- M is Li, it becomes easy to obtain good dispersibility of the polymer P in water, and it is easy to reduce the battery resistance.
- acrylic acid (AA) can be mentioned. That is, the structural unit C is a structural unit derived from the monomer C.
- the structural unit C is introduced into the polymer P by neutralizing the acrylic acid component with lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or the like.
- a part of M may be a monovalent metal element, and a part of M may be a hydrogen atom.
- the structural unit C is obtained by partially neutralizing the acrylic acid component.
- the polymer P may contain other structural units other than structural-unit A, B, and C in the range which does not impair the objective of this indication, and is substantially comprised only by structural-unit A, B, C May be
- the molar ratio of the structural unit to the total molar amount of all structural units of the polymer P is preferably less than 0.1, and more preferably less than 0.01.
- the molar ratio (1 / m) of the constituent unit A to the constituent unit B is 0.2 to 1.8 as described above.
- the lower limit of the molar ratio (l / m) is more preferably 0.3, particularly preferably 0.4.
- the upper limit of the molar ratio (l / m) is more preferably 1.5, particularly preferably 1.2.
- the strength of the binder film may be weakened, and the peel strength of the negative electrode mixture layer 23 may be reduced.
- the molar ratio exceeds 1.8, the binder film may become hard and the binding property may be reduced, and the degree of swelling to the electrolytic solution may also be reduced.
- the molar ratio (n / (l + m + n)) of the constituent unit C to the total molar amount of the constituent units A, B and C of the polymer P is preferably 0.02 to 0.20.
- the lower limit of the molar ratio (n / (l + m + n)) is more preferably 0.03, particularly preferably 0.04.
- the upper limit of the molar ratio (n / (l + m + n)) is more preferably 0.16, particularly preferably 0.12.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer P is preferably ⁇ 40 to 30 ° C.
- the lower limit of Tg is more preferably -35 ° C, particularly preferably -10 ° C.
- the upper limit of Tg is more preferably 25 ° C., particularly preferably 20 ° C. If the Tg is within the above range, it is easy to obtain good binding, stability in production, and a suitable degree of swelling with respect to the electrolyte.
- the Tg is lower than -40 ° C., the strength of the binder film may be weakened, and the peel strength of the negative electrode mixture layer 23 may be decreased.
- the Tg exceeds 30 ° C. the binder film becomes hard and the binding property is lowered, and the degree of swelling to the electrolytic solution may also be lowered.
- the polymer P preferably absorbs the electrolyte and swells appropriately.
- the swelling of the polymer P is considered to increase the ion permeability and reduce the migration resistance of lithium ions in the negative electrode 16.
- the degree of swelling of the polymer P can be evaluated by the swelling ratio using a model electrolyte.
- a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate are mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1 was used as a model electrolytic solution.
- the swelling ratio was determined by immersing a film of polymer P having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m in a model electrolytic solution for 48 hours, and determining the weight ratio before and after immersion.
- Swelling ratio weight of membrane after immersion (g) / weight of membrane before immersion (g)
- the swelling ratio of the polymer P is preferably 1.9 to 40 times. If the swelling ratio is within the above range, it is easy to achieve both good binding and ion permeability.
- the lower limit of the swelling ratio is more preferably 2 times, particularly preferably 3 times.
- the upper limit of the swelling ratio is more preferably 35 times.
- the solubility of the polymer P in the electrolytic solution is preferably 0 to 3%. When the solubility exceeds 3%, for example, the binding capacity of the negative electrode mixture layer 23 is reduced.
- the polymer P is preferably provided in the form of an emulsion dispersed in water, as described above.
- the average particle size of the polymer P in water is preferably 0.1 to 0.7 ⁇ m. If the average particle size is within the above range, it becomes easy to obtain good binding property, stability at the time of production, and a suitable degree of swelling to the electrolyte.
- the average particle diameter is a volume average particle diameter measured by a laser diffraction method, and means a median diameter at which a volume integrated value becomes 50% in a particle diameter distribution.
- the average particle size is measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus (LA-920, manufactured by HORIBA).
- the lower limit of the average particle size is more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit of the average particle size is more preferably 0.6 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the polymer P is obtained by radical addition polymerization of at least a monomer A represented by the formula (4), a monomer B represented by the formula (5), and a monomer C represented by the formula (6).
- R 1 is a C 1-4 linear alkyl group
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- M is a hydrogen atom and / or a monovalent metal atom
- the molar ratio (A / B) of the monomer A to the monomer B is, for example, 0.2 to 1.8.
- the lower limit of the molar ratio (A / B) is more preferably 0.3, particularly preferably 0.4.
- the upper limit of the molar ratio (A / B) is more preferably 1.5, particularly preferably 1.2.
- the molar ratio (C / (A + B + C)) of the monomer C to the total molar amount of the monomers A, B, C is preferably 0.02 to 0.20.
- the lower limit of the molar ratio (C / (A + B + C)) is more preferably 0.03, and particularly preferably 0.04.
- the upper limit of the molar ratio (C / (A + B + C)) is more preferably 0.16, particularly preferably 0.12.
- the polymer P is preferably synthesized as an emulsion dispersed in water as described above, for example, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a dispersion polymerization method, a miniemulsion polymerization method, or a method using water as a medium Manufactured by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method.
- a suspension polymerization method for example, a suspension polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a dispersion polymerization method, a miniemulsion polymerization method, or a method using water as a medium Manufactured by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method.
- the soap-free emulsion polymerization method of polymer P not only non-reactive surfactant but also reactive surfactant is not used.
- the surfactant having a molecular weight of less than 5000 in the negative electrode mixture layer 23 that affects battery characteristics is less than 10 ppm, or substantially 0% (detection limit) Less than).
- any surfactant can be used as long as it is used in a conventional emulsion polymerization method.
- benzene sulfonates such as dodecyl benzene sulfonate and dodecyl phenyl ether sulfonate
- alkyl sulfates such as lauryl sulfate, tetradodecyl sulfate and formaldehyde condensate of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate
- fatty acid salts such as laurate
- alkyl ether carboxylates such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether acetate
- polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate polyoxyethylene
- the emulsion polymerization method of the polymer P includes, for example, the following steps. (1) A temperature is raised while stirring water (ion-exchanged water) charged in a reaction vessel under a nitrogen stream, and then a polymerization initiator is added. (2) The monomers A, B and C are charged into the dropping funnel and dropped into the reaction container over a predetermined time. (3) After completion of the dropping of the monomers A, B and C, the solution is aged if necessary. (4) A neutralizing agent such as sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide is dropped to neutralize the carboxylic acid of the monomer C.
- a neutralizing agent such as sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide is dropped to neutralize the carboxylic acid of the monomer C.
- a water-soluble initiator as the polymerization initiator from the viewpoint of polymerization stability.
- persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide can be used. Among them, persulfates are preferable, and ammonium persulfate is more preferable.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more, more preferably 0.05 parts by weight or more, and particularly preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, based on the total amount of the monomers. As a minimum of the usage-amount of a polymerization initiator, 5 weight part is preferable, 3 weight part is more preferable, and 1 weight part is especially preferable.
- water such as ion exchanged water is used as a solvent (dispersion medium for polymer P).
- the amount of water is, for example, 50 to 1,500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of monomers.
- the polymerization conditions are appropriately set according to the type of polymerization initiator, monomer, solvent and the like, but generally the polymerization temperature is 60 to 100 ° C., and the polymerization time is 0.5 to 20 hours.
- the polymerization is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas.
- the stirring conditions are appropriately set depending on the polymerization scale, the shape of the stirring blade and the like.
- the stirring speed is, for example, 20 to 200 rpm.
- the reaction vessel may be added with a reducing agent such as sulfite and pyrosulfite which can be used in combination with the polymerization initiator.
- a chain transfer agent may be added for molecular weight adjustment, and a pH adjuster may be added to adjust pH.
- chain transfer agents include isopropyl alcohol, n-dodecyl mercaptan, octyl mercaptan, t-butyl mercaptan, thioglycolic acid, thiomalic acid, thiosalicylic acid, mercaptoethanol and the like.
- pH adjusters include citric acid, sodium citrate, succinic acid, sodium succinate, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and disodium hydrogen phosphate.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation is used.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric and the like.
- the material of the separator 17 is preferably an olefin resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer containing at least one of ethylene and propylene, and cellulose.
- the separator 17 may be a laminate having a cellulose fiber layer and a thermoplastic resin fiber layer such as an olefin resin.
- a multilayer separator including a polyethylene layer and a polypropylene layer may be used, and a separator in which an aramid resin or the like is applied to the surface of the separator 17 may be used.
- a heat-resistant layer containing a filler of an inorganic compound may be formed on the surface of the separator 17.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent for example, esters, ethers, nitriles such as acetonitrile, amides such as dimethylformamide, mixed solvents of two or more of them, and the like can be used.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen substitute wherein at least a part of hydrogen of these solvents is substituted with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- halogen-substituted compound examples include fluorinated cyclic carbonates such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), fluorinated chain carbonates, fluorinated chain carboxylic esters such as methyl fluoropropionate (FMP), and the like.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- FMP fluorinated chain carboxylic esters
- esters examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), cyclic carbonates such as butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl propyl carbonate , Cyclic carbonates such as ethyl propyl carbonate and methyl isopropyl carbonate, cyclic carboxylic acid esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL), methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP And chain carboxylic acid esters such as ethyl propionate.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- cyclic carbonates such as butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl propyl carbonate
- ethers examples include 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4 -Dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane, furan, 2-methyl furan, 1,8-cineole, cyclic ether such as crown ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether , Dihexyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, methyl phenyl ether, ethyl phenyl ether, butyl phenyl ether, pentyl phenyl ether, methoxytoluene, benzyl ethyl ether, diphenyl ether, dipheny
- the electrolyte salt is preferably a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt LiBF 4, LiClO 4, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, Li (P (C 2 O 4) F 4), LiPF 6-x (C n F 2 n + 1 ) x (1 ⁇ x ⁇ 6, n is 1 or 2), LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, lithium chloroborane, lithium lower aliphatic carboxylate, Li 2 B 4 O 7, Li (B ( C 2 O 4) F 2) boric acid salts such as, LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiN (C 1 F 2l + 1 SO 2) (C m F 2m + 1 SO 2) ⁇ l , M is an integer of 0 or more ⁇ , and the like.
- lithium salts may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- LiPF 6 from the viewpoint of ion conductivity, electrochemical stability and the like.
- concentration of the lithium salt is, for example, 0.8 mol to 1.8 mol per liter of the non-aqueous solvent.
- Synthesis Example 1 In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a thermometer, and a nitrogen introduction pipe, 170 g of ion exchanged water was charged, and the temperature was raised to 70 ° C. while stirring under a nitrogen stream. Thereafter, an aqueous solution in which 0.5 g of ammonium persulfate was dissolved in 5 g of ion exchanged water was added. In the dropping funnel, 37 g of methyl methacrylate, 60 g of n-butyl acrylate and 3 g of acrylic acid were charged, and dropped into the reaction vessel at a constant rate over 3 hours. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was aged at 70 ° C. for 3 hours.
- Synthesis Examples 2 to 21 An emulsion binder was obtained by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 using the monomer components shown in Table 1 and the neutralizer at the monomer blending ratio shown in Table 1. The solid content concentration of the emulsion binder was adjusted to 50%.
- Synthesis Examples 19 and 20 as a surfactant, 2 parts by weight of a sodium polyoxyethyl lauryl sulfate aqueous solution having a solid concentration of 25% was added to ion exchanged water to be charged into a reaction vessel.
- EHA in Synthesis Example 20 represents 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- the solid content of the emulsion binder was measured and calculated in an automatic mode (60 seconds) at a temperature of 120 ° C. using an infrared moisture content meter (kett FD-240, manufactured by Kett Science Laboratory).
- the particle diameter of the emulsion is a volume average particle diameter (median diameter at which the volume integration value is 50%) measured by a laser diffraction method, and a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device ( It measured using LA-920 (made by HORIBA) (relative refractive index 1.2).
- Example 1 [Production of positive electrode] A lithium metal composite oxide represented by LiNi 0.33 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 was used as a positive electrode active material.
- One hundred parts by weight of the positive electrode active material, 8 parts by weight of acetylene black, and 2 parts by weight of PVdF were kneaded using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a dispersion medium to prepare a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and the coating film was dried, and then the coating film (positive electrode mixture layer) was rolled by a roll press. Then, it cut
- the application amount of the positive electrode mixture slurry was 5.5 mg / cm 2 per one side of the current
- Graphite was used as a negative electrode active material. 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material, 1 part by weight of sodium salt of CMC (CMC-Na), and 0.7 parts by weight of the emulsion binder of Synthesis Example 1 are kneaded with water as a dispersion medium, and a negative electrode mixture slurry Prepared. Next, the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and the coating film was dried, and then the coating film (negative electrode mixture layer) was rolled by a roll press.
- CMC-Na sodium salt of CMC
- Synthesis Example 1 0.7 parts by weight of the emulsion binder of Synthesis Example 1 are kneaded with water as a dispersion medium, and a negative electrode mixture slurry Prepared. Next, the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both sides of a negative electrode current collector made of copper foil with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and the coating film was dried
- the application amount of the negative electrode mixture slurry was 3.8 mg / cm 2 per one side of the current collector.
- the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer was adjusted to 50%.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte is prepared by adding LiPF 6 to a mixed solvent of EC, DMC, and EMC mixed at a volume ratio of 30:40:30 at 25 ° C. to a concentration of 1.1 mol / L. Was prepared.
- the electrode body was housed in a battery case (a square case of 13.3 mm ⁇ 137 mm ⁇ 62.3 mm in size), and the non-aqueous electrolyte was injected to prepare a test cell with a design capacity of 4000 mAh.
- Examples 2 to 27 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 A test cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 using the negative electrode binder shown in Table 2 and the addition amount of the binder shown in Table 2 and the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the negative electrode (after rolling) was cut into a width of 15 mm and a length of 120 mm, and the 90 ° peel strength of the negative electrode mixture layer was measured in accordance with JIS Z0237.
- the test cell was CCCV charged at 25 ° C. for 2 hours at 4 A until the battery voltage was 4.1 V, and then CCCV discharged for 2 hours at 4 A until the battery voltage was 3.0 V. The discharge capacity at this time was taken as the battery capacity.
- the capacity as designed capacity was shown for any of the test cells.
- the weight ratio of each component of the negative electrode mixture is as follows.
- the weight M1 of the negative electrode active material, the weight M2 of CMC-Na, and the weight M3 of the binder are calculated from the following equations.
- M1 M ⁇ m7 / (m3-m4)
- M2 M ⁇ m5 / (m3-m4)
- M3 M ⁇ m6 / (m3-m4)
- the amount of the binder when the amount of the binder was increased, the resistance increased and the capacity tended to decrease.
- the amount of the binder is less than 0.3 parts by weight, the peel strength is low, and it is not easy to produce an electrode. Therefore, the amount of the binder is preferably 0.3 to 2% by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material from the viewpoint of binding property and resistance reduction.
- the resistance reduction effect tends to be reduced as the porosity of the negative electrode is reduced. It is considered that the resistance increases because the pores in the negative electrode mixture layer become too narrow because the binder swells. In addition, it is not easy to produce the negative mix layer whose porosity exceeds 60%. For this reason, the porosity is desirably 40 to 60%. Also in the case of Examples 17 and 27, when the porosity decreased, the resistance reduction effect decreased. With respect to the resistances of Examples 17 and 27, the higher the degree of swelling, the easier it is for the pores to be blocked with respect to the resistance of Examples 17 and 24 while the tendency for the ion permeability to be improved. The higher the degree of swelling, the lower the rate of increase in resistance when the density is increased.
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Abstract
Description
正極15は、正極集電体20と、当該集電体上に形成された正極合剤層21とを備える。正極集電体20には、アルミニウムなどの正極15の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合剤層21は、正極活物質、導電材、及び結着剤を含み、正極集電体20の両面に形成される。正極15は、正極集電体20上に正極活物質、導電材、結着剤等を含む正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して正極合剤層21を正極集電体20の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
負極16は、負極集電体22と、当該集電体上に形成された負極合剤層23とを備える。負極集電体22には、銅などの負極16の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表層に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合剤層23は、負極活物質、及び結着剤を含み、負極集電体22の両面に形成される。負極16は、負極集電体22上に負極活物質、結着剤等を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧延して負極合剤層23を負極集電体22の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
(1)負極から負極合剤層を剥がして水中に分散させ、放置又は遠心分離により活物質を除去する。
(2)残存成分をメンブレンフィルターでろ過水洗してCMC等を除去し、結着剤成分を単離する。
(3)単離された結着剤成分を熱分解GCを用いて分解構造の特定と定量を行うと共に、水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリで樹脂成分のエステル構造を加水分解し、1H-NMR、13C-NMRにより、生成したアルコールの構造特定と定量を行う。
膨潤倍率=浸漬後の膜の重量(g)/浸漬前の膜の重量(g)
(1)反応容器に充填された水(イオン交換水)を窒素気流下で攪拌しながら昇温した後、重合開始剤を添加する。
(2)滴下ロートにモノマーA,B,Cを仕込み、所定時間かけて反応容器内に滴下する。
(3)モノマーA,B,Cの滴下終了後、必要により熟成する。
(4)水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化リチウム等の中和剤を滴下して、モノマーCのカルボン酸を中和する。
セパレータ17には、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータ17の材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、エチレン及びプロピレンの少なくとも一方を含む共重合体等のオレフィン系樹脂、セルロースなどが好適である。セパレータ17は、セルロース繊維層及びオレフィン系樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維層を有する積層体であってもよい。また、ポリエチレン層及びポリプロピレン層を含む多層セパレータであってもよく、セパレータ17の表面にアラミド系樹脂等が塗布されたものを用いてもよい。また、セパレータ17の表面には、無機化合物のフィラーを含む耐熱層が形成されていてもよい。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水溶媒には、例えばエステル類、エーテル類、アセトニトリル等のニトリル類、ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類、及びこれらの2種以上の混合溶媒等を用いることができる。非水溶媒は、これら溶媒の水素の少なくとも一部をフッ素等のハロゲン原子で置換したハロゲン置換体を含有していてもよい。ハロゲン置換体としては、フルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)等のフッ素化環状炭酸エステル、フッ素化鎖状炭酸エステル、フルオロプロピオン酸メチル(FMP)等のフッ素化鎖状カルボン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。
撹拌機、還流管、滴下ロート、温度計、及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、イオン交換水170gを投入し、窒素気流下で攪拌しながら70℃に昇温した。その後、過硫酸アンモニウム0.5gをイオン交換水5gに溶解した水溶液を加えた。滴下ロートには、メタクリル酸メチル37g、アクリル酸n-ブチル60g、及びアクリル酸3gを仕込み、3時間かけて一定速度で反応容器内に滴下した。滴下終了後、更に3時間、70℃で熟成した。続いて、40℃まで冷却した後、1Nの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液14.6mlを加え、アクリル酸由来のカルボン酸基を部分中和した。反応容器内から水を減圧留去した後、若干の凝集物をメッシュ濾過で除去し、固形分濃度を50%に調製し、エマルション結着剤を得た。エマルション(水中分散したポリマー粒子)の平均粒径は、0.33μmであった。また、当該エマルションを構成するポリマーのTgは、-10℃であった。得られたポリマーは、式(1)~(3)で表される構成単位A,B,Cを含む。
表1に示すモノマー成分、及び中和剤を用い、表1に示すモノマー配合比で、合成例1と同様にしてソープフリー乳化重合法によりエマルション結着剤を得た。なお、エマルション結着剤の固形分濃度は50%に調整した。合成例19、20では、界面活性剤として、固形分濃度25%のポリオキシエチルラウリル硫酸ナトリウム水溶液2重量部を反応容器に投入するイオン交換水に添加した。なお、合成例20のEHAは2-エチルヘキシルアクリレートを表す。
エマルション結着剤の固形分量は、赤外線水分量測定器(kett FD-240、ケツト科学研究所製)を用いて、120℃の温度条件下、Automatic mode(60秒)で測定し、算出した。
エマルション結着剤を構成するポリマーのTgは、下記Fox式(T.G.Fox、Bull.Am.Physics Soc,、第1巻、第3号、123頁(1956))に従って算出した。
1/Tg=Σ(Wn/Tgn)
式中、Tgnはポリマーを構成する各単量体成分のホモポリマーのTg(絶対温度)、Wnは各単量体成分の質量分率である。
エマルション(水中分散したポリマー粒子)の粒径は、レーザー回折法によって測定される体積平均粒径(体積積算値が50%となるメジアン径)であって、レーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置(LA-920、HORIBA製)を用いて測定した(相対屈折率1.2)。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質として、LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2で表されるリチウム金属複合酸化物を用いた。当該正極活物質100重量部、アセチレンブラック8重量部、及びPVdF2重量部を、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を分散媒として混練し、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、厚み15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面に正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、ロールプレス機により塗膜(正極合剤層)を圧延した。その後、所定の電極サイズに裁断して、集電体の両面に合剤層が形成された正極を得た。正極合剤スラリーの塗布量は、集電体の片面あたり5.5mg/cm2とした。
負極活物質として、黒鉛を用いた。当該負極活物質100重量部、CMCのナトリウム塩(CMC-Na)1重量部、及び合成例1のエマルション結着剤0.7重量部を、水を分散媒として混練し、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、厚み10μmの銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、ロールプレス機により塗膜(負極合剤層)を圧延した。その後、所定の電極サイズに裁断して、集電体の両面に合剤層が形成された負極を得た。負極合剤スラリーの塗布量は、集電体の片面あたり3.8mg/cm2とした。また、負極合剤層の多孔度は50%に調整した。
ECと、DMCと、EMCとを、25℃において、30:40:30の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に、1.1mol/Lの濃度となるようにLiPF6を添加して非水電解液を調製した。
集電リードをそれぞれ溶接した上記正極及び上記負極を、ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレンの3層構造を有するセパレータを介して渦巻き状に巻回し、巻回構造の電極体を作製した。当該電極体を電池ケース(13.3mm×137mm×62.3mm寸法の角形ケース)に収容して、上記非水電解液を注入し、設計容量4000mAhの試験セルを作製した。
表2に示す負極用結着剤を用い、表2に示す結着剤の添加量、及び負極合剤層の多孔度として、実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。
負極(圧延後)を幅15mm、長さ120mmに切り出し、JIS Z0237に準拠して、負極合剤層の90度剥離強度を測定した。
25℃において、電池電圧が4.1Vになるまで4Aで2時間、試験セルをCCCV充電した後、電池電圧が3.0Vになるまで4Aで2時間CCCV放電した。このときの放電容量を電池容量とした。いずれの試験セルについても、設計容量通りの容量を示した。
25℃において、電池電圧が3.7Vになるまで4Aで試験セルを充電した後、-10℃まで冷却し、4Aで10秒間充電した。充電開始から10秒後の電圧と充電前のOCVの変化をΔV(V)とし、以下の式から電池抵抗Rを算出した。
R(Ω)=ΔV(V)/4(A)
充電状態の試験セルを電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで4Aで2時間CCCV放電した後、試験セルを分解して負極を取り出した。取り出した負極をEMCを用いて洗浄し、乾燥させた。面積Sで負極を切り出し、厚みt1及び重量m1を測定した。その後、負極合剤層を除去し、集電体である銅箔の厚みt2及び重量m2を測定した。空孔を含む負極合剤層の体積V1及び合剤層の重量Mは、以下の式から算出される。
V1=S(t1-t2)
M=m1-m2
ここで、120℃までの重量減少m4を吸着水、120℃~270℃までの重量減少m5をCMC-Na、270℃~470℃までの重量減少m6を結着材、残りを負極活物質m7とした。この場合、負極合剤の各構成成分の重量比は下記のようになる。
負極活物質:CMC-Na:結着剤=
m7/(m3-m4):m5/(m3-m4):m6/(m3-m4)
合剤層の重量Mのうち、負極活物質の重量M1、CMC-Naの重量M2、結着剤の重量M3は、以下の式から算出される。
M1=M×m7/(m3-m4)
M2=M×m5/(m3-m4)
M3=M×m6/(m3-m4)
負極活物質、CMC-Na、結着剤の真密度をそれぞれd1、d2、d3とすると、切り出した負極の合剤層を構成する負極活物質の体積v1、CMC-Naの体積v2、結着剤の体積v3、空孔を含まない合剤体積V2は、以下の式から算出される。
v1=M1/d1
v2=M2/d2
v3=M3/d3
V2=v1+v2+v3
負極合剤層の多孔度Φは、以下の式から算出される。
Φ=(V1-V2)/V1
Claims (9)
- 前記ポリマーの前記構成単位A,B,Cの総モル量に対する前記構成単位Cのモル比(n/(l+m+n))は、0.02~0.20である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極合剤層に含まれる分子量5000未満の界面活性剤は、10ppm未満である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記ポリマーの前記構成単位CのMは、Liである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記ポリマーのガラス転移温度(Tg)は、-40~30℃である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記ポリマーは、炭酸エチレンと炭酸ジエチルを1:1の体積比で混合した溶媒に浸漬したときの膨潤倍率が、1.9~40倍である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極合剤層の多孔度は、40~60%である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 前記負極合剤層における前記ポリマーの含有量は、前記負極活物質100重量部に対して0.3~2重量部である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池用負極を備えた非水電解質二次電池。
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