Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
  • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
  • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
  • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/01—Shape
  • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
  • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
  • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
  • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
  • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
  • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
  • F17C2205/0153—Details of mounting arrangements
  • F17C2205/018—Supporting feet
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
  • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
  • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for storing and / or transporting fluid, such as a liquefied gas.
• Watertight and thermally insulating membrane tanks are used in particular for the storage of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is stored at atmospheric pressure at about -163 ° C. These tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or to receive liquefied natural gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
• LNG liquefied natural gas
• the document WO2014096600 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing liquefied natural gas arranged in a supporting structure and whose walls have a multilayer structure, namely from the outside to the inside of the tank, an insulated secondary thermal-insulating barrier. against the supporting structure, a secondary waterproofing membrane which is supported by the secondary heat-insulating barrier, a primary heat-insulating barrier which is supported by the secondary waterproofing membrane and a primary waterproofing membrane which is supported by the thermal barrier primary insulation and which is intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas stored in the tank.
• Each thermal insulation barrier comprises a set of insulating panels, respectively primary and secondary, of parallelepiped general shape which are juxtaposed and which thus form a support surface for a respective waterproofing membrane.
• the insulating panels are anchored to the supporting structure by means of anchoring devices which are attached to the supporting structure and which are positioned at the corners of the primary and secondary insulation boards.
• Each anchoring device thus cooperates with the corners of four adjacent secondary insulating panels and with the corners of four adjacent primary insulating panels to hold them against the supporting structure.
• Secondary insulating panels may be deformed.
• the secondary insulating panels are subjected to thermal gradients which, because of the differential contraction phenomena, are likely to cause their flexion.
• the deformation of the carrier structure causes deformations secondary insulating panels. This is particularly the case when the carrier structure is formed by the inner shell and that it defines ballast compartments. Indeed, in these circumstances, the movements of the ballast liquid in the ballast compartments are likely to cause significant deformation of the carrier structure.
• An idea underlying the invention is to limit the level of stresses that can be generated in the components of a tank wall at the corners of the secondary insulating panels.
• An idea underlying the invention is to provide a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid comprising a vessel wall having successively in a thickness direction of the vessel wall, from the outside towards the inside the tank, a thermally insulating barrier is anchored to a supporting structure and a sealing membrane which rests against the thermally insulating barrier,
• thermally insulating barrier comprises parallelepiped-shaped insulating panels which are juxtaposed to the carrier structure and which each have a cover plate defining a support surface for the sealing membrane;
• anchoring devices are attached to the carrier structure between the insulating panels and cooperate with said insulating panels to retain them against the supporting structure;
• anchoring devices comprises:
• a support plate which is mounted on the rod and which is supported in the direction of the supporting structure against a bearing zone of each of the adjacent insulating panels so as to retain them to the supporting structure;
• a force distribution plate which is attached to the support plate and which is arranged in the corner area of each of the adjacent insulating panels between the cover plate of said insulating panel and the sealing membrane.
• the force distribution plate has the effect of distributing the stresses likely to be exerted on the waterproofing membrane or on any other component of the tank wall, such as plywood or insulating polymer foam, for example , to the right of the corner areas of the insulating panels, which limits the level of said constraints and thus to prevent damage to the components of the tank wall.
• such a tank may have one or more of the following characteristics.
• the force distribution plate is fixed directly or indirectly to the support plate
• the force distribution plate is disposed in the corner zone of at least two of the insulating panels.
• the rod is attached to the carrier structure between at least four adjacent corner regions of four adjacent insulating panels and the force distribution plate is disposed in the corner area of each of the four adjacent insulating panels.
• the force distribution plate rests against the cover plate of each of the four adjacent insulating panels.
• the insulating panels comprise a counterbore and the force distribution plate is housed in one of the counterbores of each of the adjacent insulating panels. This helps to ensure the flatness of the support surface of the waterproofing membrane.
• the force distribution plate is flush with the support surface defined by the cover plate.
• the counterbore is made in the corner area.
• the force distribution plate has a rectangular shape and preferably square.
• the force distribution plate has a thickness of between 1 and 7 mm, and preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
• the force distribution plate is made of a material chosen from stainless steel, iron and nickel alloys whose expansion coefficient is between 1, 2.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 and the Iron and manganese alloys having an expansion coefficient of less than 2.10 5 K -1 .
• the anchoring device comprises a nut which cooperates with a threaded end of the rod and one or more elastic washers slipped on the rod between the nut and the support plate so as to exert an elastic force placing said support plate against the bearing zone of each of the four adjacent insulating panels. This ensures elastic anchoring of the insulating panels on the supporting structure.
• the elastic washers are Belleville washers.
• the insulating panels comprise at their corner regions, a recess formed at the right of the support zone, each support plate being received in the recess of each of the adjacent insulating panels.
• At least one of the insulating panels comprises a base plate resting against the supporting structure, an intermediate plate disposed between the bottom plate and the cover plate, a first layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between the bottom plate and the intermediate plate and a second layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between the intermediate plate and the cover plate.
• the recesses are formed in the second layer of insulating polymer foam so that the intermediate plate protrudes with respect to the second layer of insulating polymer foam and thus provides one of the support zones.
• the first layer of insulating polymer foam has, in each of the corner regions of the insulating panel, a cutout housing a pillar which extends between the bottom plate and the intermediate plate. This limits crushing and creep of the foam.
• At least one of the insulating panels comprises a bottom plate, a cover plate and carrying webs extending, in the thickness direction of the vessel wall, between the bottom plate and the cover plate and delimiting a plurality of compartments filled with an insulating liner, such as perlite.
• the thermally insulating barrier is a secondary thermal insulating barrier
• the insulating panels are secondary insulating panels
• the sealing membrane is a secondary waterproofing membrane
• the support plate is a support plate secondary
• the vessel wall further comprising a primary thermally insulating barrier resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a sealing membrane primary which rests against the primary thermally insulating barrier and is intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank
• the primary thermally insulating barrier comprising primary insulating panels which are each superimposed on one of the secondary insulating panels
• the anchoring device further comprising:
• a primary support plate which is mounted on the stud and which is supported in the direction of the supporting structure against a bearing zone of each of the four adjacent primary insulating panels so as to retain them towards the supporting structure.
• the anchoring device comprises an upper plate which is fixed to the secondary support plate and is arranged between the secondary support plate and the force distribution plate; the stud being attached to the upper plate and passing through a bore in the force distribution plate.
• the force distribution plate completely covers the upper plate.
• the upper plate comprises two faces orthogonal to the thickness direction of the vessel wall which are connected to each other by faces extending parallel to the thickness direction of the wall. tank; said faces extending parallel to the thickness direction of the vessel wall being connected to each other by fillets.
• the anchoring device comprises a spacer which is fixed to the secondary support plate and is arranged between the secondary support plate and the upper plate.
• the spacer is advantageously made of wood or plastic, which limits the thermal bridge to the carrier structure at the anchor device.
• the spacer has an inverted U shape so as to define between the two branches of the U a central housing, the central housing receiving an upper end of the rod, the nut and optionally the elastic washer (s). .
• the upper plate completely covers the spacer.
• the spacer has chamfers.
• the anchoring device comprises a socket which is welded to the supporting structure and a nut which is housed in the socket, the anchor rod having a threaded lower end cooperating with the nut.
• the fluid is a liquefied gas, such as liquefied natural gas.
• Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
• FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
• FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
• a vessel for the transport of a cryogenic fluid comprises a double shell and a said tank disposed in the double hull.
• the double shell comprises an inner shell forming the carrying structure of the vessel.
• the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
• the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving a fluid to through isolated pipelines to or from the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel's vessel.
• FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of a vessel wall.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an anchoring device cooperating with primary insulating panels and secondary insulating panels to retain them against the supporting structure.
• FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the anchoring device of FIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the anchoring device of FIGS. 2 and 3.
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a secondary insulating panel.
• FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a primary insulating panel.
• FIG. 7 is an exploded view of an anchoring device according to an alternative embodiment.
• FIG. 8 is a schematic cutaway representation of a tank of LNG tanker and a loading / unloading terminal of this tank.
• FIG. 9 is a sectional representation of an element of an anchoring device according to another embodiment.
• FIG. 1 there is shown the multilayer structure of a wall 1 of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a liquefied fluid, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
• LNG liquefied natural gas
• Each wall 1 of the tank comprises successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 retained to a bearing structure 3, a secondary sealing membrane 4 resting against the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2, a primary thermally insulating barrier 5 resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4 and a primary sealing membrane 6 intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.
• the supporting structure 3 can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
• the supporting structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
• the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprises a plurality of secondary insulating panels 7 which are anchored on the support structure 3 by means of anchoring devices 8 which will be described in detail below.
• the secondary insulating panels 7 have a parallelepipedal general shape and are arranged in parallel rows.
• the secondary insulating panel 7 here comprises three plates, namely a bottom plate 8, an intermediate plate 9 and a cover plate 10.
• the bottom plates 8, intermediate 9 and cover 10 are for example made of plywood.
• first insulating polymer foam layer 11 sandwiched between the bottom plate 8 and the intermediate plate 9 and a second layer of insulating polymer foam 12 sandwiched between the intermediate plate 9 and the cover plate 10.
• the first and second layers of insulating polymer foam 11, 12 are respectively bonded to the bottom plates
• the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam, optionally reinforced with fibers.
• the first layer of insulating polymer foam 11 has, in the corner areas, cut-outs for passing corner pillars 13.
• the corner pillars 13 extend, at the four corner regions of the secondary insulation board 7, between the bottom plate 8 and the intermediate plate 9.
• the corner pillars 13 are fixed, for example by means of staples or screws or glued, on the bottom plate 8 and the intermediate plate 9.
• the corner pillars 13 are, for example, plywood or plastic.
• the corner pillars 13 make it possible to take up part of the compressive load in use and to limit crushing and creep of the foam.
• corner pillars 13 have a coefficient of thermal contraction different from that of the first layer of insulating polymer foam 1 1. Also, during the cold setting of the tank, the deflection of the secondary insulating panel 7 is lower at corner pillars 13 only in other areas. This further increases the effects of unevenness or walking in the corner areas of the secondary insulation panels 7.
• the secondary insulating panel 7 has recesses 14, 54 at its corner areas to receive anchoring devices 8 which will be detailed later.
• the secondary insulating panel 7 comprises, from the bottom plate 8 to the intermediate plate 9, a first recess 14 intended to allow the passage of a rod 15 of the anchoring device 8.
• the secondary insulating panel 7 has a second recess 54.
• the second recess 54 has dimensions greater than those of the first recess 14 so that the intermediate plate 9 overflows with respect to the second insulating polymer foam layer 12 and the cover 10.
• the intermediate plate 9 forms at the corner areas of the secondary insulating panel 7 a bearing zone 16 intended to cooperate with a secondary support plate 17 of the anchoring device 8.
• the cover plate 10 has a counterbore 18 at these four corner regions.
• Each countersink 18 is intended to receive a distribution plate of the forces 19 of the anchoring device 8, described below.
• the counterbores 18 have a thickness substantially similar to that of the force distribution plate 19 so that the force distribution plate 19 is flush with the surface.
• the cover plate 10 also has grooves 20 for receiving weld supports.
• the structure of the secondary insulating panel 7 is described above by way of example. Also, in another embodiment, the secondary insulating panels 7 are likely to have another general structure, for example that described in WO2012 / 127141.
• the secondary insulating panels 7 are then made in the form of a box comprising a bottom plate, a cover plate and carrying webs extending, in the thickness direction of the wall 1 of the tank, between the bottom plate and the cover plate and defining a plurality of compartments filled with an insulating gasket, such as perlite, glass wool or rock.
• the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 comprises secondary insulating panels 7 having at least two different types of structure, for example the two aforementioned structures, depending on their area of implantation in the tank.
• the adjacent secondary insulating panels 7 are likely to exhibit different behavior when they are subjected to thermal gradients, which is likely to amplify the phenomena of difference in level between the adjacent corners.
• the secondary sealing membrane 4 comprises a continuous sheet of strakes 21, metal, raised edge.
• the strakes 21 are welded by their raised edges on parallel welding supports which are fixed in the grooves 20 formed on the cover plates 10 of the secondary insulating panels 7.
• the strakes 21 are, for example, made of Invar ®: c ' that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose coefficient of expansion is typically between 1, 2.10 6 and 2.10 6 K 1 .
• the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels 22 which are anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of the aforementioned anchoring devices 8.
• the primary insulating panels 22 have a parallelepipedal general shape. In addition, they have dimensions identical to those of the primary insulating panels 22 with the exception of their thickness in the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of tank which is likely to be different, and especially weaker.
• Each of the primary insulating panels 22 is positioned in line with one of the secondary insulating panels 7, in alignment with the latter in the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the tank.
• the primary insulating panel 22 has a multilayer structure similar to that of the secondary insulating panel 7 of FIG. 5. Also, the primary insulating panel 22 successively comprises a base plate 23, a first insulating polymer foam layer 24, an intermediate plate 25 , a second layer of insulating polymer foam 26 and a cover plate 27.
• the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane foam, optionally reinforced with fibers.
• the primary insulating panel 22 has recesses 28 at its corner area so that the bottom plate 23 overflows with respect to the first layer of insulating polymer foam 24, the intermediate plate 25, the second layer of insulating polymer foam 26 and cover plate 27.
• the bottom plate 23 forms at the corner areas of the primary insulating panel 22 a bearing zone 29 intended to cooperate with a primary bearing plate 30 of the device anchoring 8.
• a wedge can be added to the bottom plate 23, said wedge having a shape similar to that of the bearing zone 29 and being intended to cooperate with a primary bearing plate 30 of the anchoring device 8
• the bottom plate 23 has grooves 31 for receiving the raised edges of the strakes 21 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• the cover plate 27 also has grooves 32 for receiving weld supports.
• the structure of the primary insulating panel 22 is described above as an example. Also, in another embodiment, the primary insulating panels 22 are likely to have another general structure, for example that described in WO2012 / 127141.
• the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 comprises primary insulating panels 22 having at least two types of different structure, for example the two aforementioned structures, depending on their area of implantation in the tank.
• the primary waterproofing membrane 6 comprises a continuous sheet of metal strakes 33 with raised edges.
• the strakes 33 are welded by their raised edges to parallel welding supports which are fixed in the grooves provided on the cover plates 27 of the primary insulating panels 22.
• each anchoring device 8 is positioned at the four corners of the primary and secondary insulating panels 22 and 7.
• Each stack of a secondary insulating panel 7 and a primary insulating panel 22 is anchored to the carrier structure 3 by means of four anchoring devices 8.
• each anchoring device 8 cooperates with the corners of four adjacent secondary insulating panels 7 and with the corners of four adjacent insulating panels 22.
• an anchoring device 8 In relation to FIGS. 2 to 4, the structure of an anchoring device 8 according to a first embodiment is observed.
• the anchoring device 8 comprises a bushing 34 whose base is welded to the supporting structure 3 in a position corresponding to a clearance at the corner zones of four adjacent secondary insulating panels 7.
• the sleeve 34 houses a nut 35, shown in Figure 4, in which is screwed the lower end of a rod 15.
• the rod 15 passes between the adjacent primary insulating panels 22.
• the rod 15 passes through a bore formed in an insulating plug 36 intended to ensure a continuity of the secondary thermal insulation at the anchoring device 8.
• the insulating plug 36 has, in a plane orthogonal to the direction of the thickness of the tank wall 1, a cross-shaped section which is defined by four branches. Each of the four branches is inserted in a gap formed between two of the four adjacent secondary insulating panels 7.
• the anchoring device 8 further comprises a secondary support plate 17 which bears in the direction of the supporting structure 3 against the bearing zone 16 formed in each of the four adjacent secondary insulating panels 7 in order to to retain them against the supporting structure 3.
• the secondary support plate 17 is housed in the second recess 54 formed in the second layer of insulating polymer foam 12 of each of the secondary insulating panels 7 and is supported against an area of the intermediate plate 9 which forms the bearing zone.
• a nut 37 cooperates with a thread formed at the upper end of the rod 15 so as to ensure retention of the secondary support plate 17 on the rod 15.
• the anchoring device 8 further comprises one or more elastic washers 38, Belleville type.
• the spring washers 38 are threaded onto the rod 15 between the nut 37 and the secondary support plate 17, which makes it possible to ensure elastic anchoring of the secondary insulating panels 7 on the supporting structure 3.
• a locking member 39 is welded locally to the upper end of the rod 15, so as to fix the nut 37 in position on the rod 15.
• the anchoring device 8 further comprises a force distribution plate 19, an upper plate 40 and a spacer 41 which are fixed to the secondary support plate 17.
• the force distribution plate 19 is housed in each of the countersinks 18 formed in the cover plates 10 of the four adjacent secondary insulating panels 7.
• the force distribution plate 19 is thus positioned between the cover plates 10 of each of the four secondary insulating panels and the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• the distribution plate of the forces 19 aims at attenuating the phenomena of difference in level between the corners of the secondary insulating panels 7 adjacent. Also, the distribution plate of the forces 19 makes it possible to distribute the stresses likely to be exerted on the secondary waterproofing membrane 4 and the primary insulating panels 22 to the right of the corner zones of the secondary insulating panels 7.
• the force distribution plate 19 is advantageously made of a metal chosen from stainless steel, iron and nickel alloys, such as invar, whose coefficient of expansion is typically between 1, 2.10 6 and 2.10 6. K -1 and iron and manganese alloys whose expansion coefficient is less than 2.10 5 K 1 , typically of the order of 7.10 6 K 1 .
• the force distribution plate 19 has a thickness of between 1 and 7 mm, preferably between 2 and 4 mm, for example of the order of 3 mm.
• the distribution plate 19 advantageously has a square shape whose size on one side is between 100 and 250 mm, for example of the order of 150 mm.
• the upper plate 40 is disposed below the force distribution plate 19 and has dimensions smaller than that of the force distribution plate 19 so that the force distribution plate 19 completely covers the upper plate 40.
• upper plate 40 is housed in the recesses 54 formed in the corner zones of the secondary insulating panels 7, to the right of the bearing zones 16, that is to say in the embodiment shown in FIG. recesses 54 formed in the second insulating polymer foam layer 12 of the secondary insulating panels 7.
• the upper plate 40 has a threaded bore 42 in which is mounted a threaded base of a stud 43 for anchoring the primary insulating panels 22.
• the distribution plate stresses 19 also comprises a bore, formed opposite the threaded bore of the upper plate 40, and thus allowing the stud 43 to pass through the distribution plate efforts 19.
• the upper plate 40 has a general rectangular parallelepipedal shape comprising two large opposite faces which are parallel to the supporting structure 3 of the wall 1 and four faces which connect the two large faces and extend parallel to the thickness direction of the wall 1 of tank.
• the four faces which extend parallel to the thickness direction of the wall 1 of the tank are connected by fillets 44. This makes it possible to avoid the presence of an angle. and further contributes to further limiting the punching phenomena of the bottom plates 23 of the primary insulating panels 22 by limiting the stress concentrations.
• the upper plate 40 and the force distribution plate 19 are formed in one piece. Such an element is shown in section in FIG.
• the spacer 41 is disposed between the secondary support plate 17 and the upper plate and thus serves to maintain a spacing between the secondary support plate 17 and the upper plate 40.
• the spacer 41 has chamfers 45 in order to fit into the space, seen in the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the tank, of the upper plate 40. In other words, the upper plate 40 completely covers the spacer 41.
• the spacer 41 is advantageously made of wood, which makes it possible to limit the thermal bridge towards the supporting structure 3 at the level of the anchoring device 8.
• the spacer 41 has an inverted U shape so as to define between the two branches of the U a central housing 46.
• the central housing 46 receives the upper end of the rod 15, the locking member 39, the nut 37 and the spring washers 38.
• the spacer 41 is also housed in the recess 15 formed, at the right of the support surface 16.
• the locking member 39 has a square or rectangular shape whose diagonal has a dimension greater than the dimension of the central housing 46 between the two branches of the U, which allows to lock in rotation the rod 15 relative to the spacer 39 and thus prevents the rod 15 from disengaging from the nut 35.
• the aforementioned elements are each provided with two bores through each of which passes a screw 47, 48.
• the bores in the secondary support plate 17 each have a thread cooperating with one of the screws 47, 48 so as to ensure the attachment of the aforementioned elements to each other.
• the stud 43 passes through a bore formed through a strake 21 of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
• the stud 43 has a flange 49 which is welded at its periphery, around the bore, to ensure the tightness of the secondary waterproofing membrane 4.
• the secondary waterproofing membrane is therefore sandwiched between the flange 49 of the stud 43 and the force distribution plate 19.
• the anchoring device 8 also comprises a primary bearing plate 30 which bears in the direction of the supporting structure 3 on a bearing zone 29 formed in each of the four adjacent primary insulating panels 22 so as to retain them against the 3.
• each bearing zone 29 is formed by a portion protruding from the bottom plate 23 of one of the primary insulating panels 22.
• the primary bearing plate 30 is housed in the recesses 28 formed in the corner areas of the primary insulating panels 22, to the right of the support zones 29.
• the anchoring device 8 further comprises one or more elastic washers 51, Belleville type, which are threaded on the stud 43 between the nut 50 and the primary bearing plate 30, which ensures an elastic anchoring of the primary insulating panels 22 on the supporting structure 3.
• an insulating plug 52 illustrated in FIG. 4, is inserted above the anchoring device 8 in the recesses 28 formed at the corner zones of four adjacent primary insulating panels 22 so as to ensure a continuity of the primary thermally insulating barrier 5 at the anchoring device 8.
• a closure plate 53 made of wood, illustrated in FIG. 4 ensures a flatness of the support surface of the primary waterproofing membrane. 6. The closure plate 53 is received in countersinks at the corner regions of the primary insulating panels 22.
• FIG. 7 illustrates an anchoring device 8 according to another variant embodiment.
• This anchoring device 8 differs from the anchoring device 8 described and illustrated in relation to FIGS. 2 to 4 in that the upper plate 40 as the spacer 41 have a section, in a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction of the tank wall 1, devoid of leaves and chamfers, which facilitates their manufacture.
• a cutaway view of a LNG tank 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
• the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
• loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
• FIG. 8 represents an example of a marine terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
• the loading and unloading station 75 is an off-shore fixed installation comprising an arm mobile 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
• the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
• the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges of LNG carriers .
• a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
• the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
• the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-12-04 FR FR1761614A patent/FR3074560B1/fr active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-11-30 CN CN201880078331.3A patent/CN111433509B/zh active Active
  • 2018-11-30 WO PCT/FR2018/053064 patent/WO2019110894A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2018-11-30 KR KR1020207019246A patent/KR102512422B1/ko active IP Right Grant

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