WO2019109932A1 - 电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统 - Google Patents

电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019109932A1
WO2019109932A1 PCT/CN2018/119301 CN2018119301W WO2019109932A1 WO 2019109932 A1 WO2019109932 A1 WO 2019109932A1 CN 2018119301 W CN2018119301 W CN 2018119301W WO 2019109932 A1 WO2019109932 A1 WO 2019109932A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
electronic expansion
expansion valve
needle
valve needle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/119301
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王宇栋
Original Assignee
浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司 filed Critical 浙江三花智能控制股份有限公司
Priority to JP2019561285A priority Critical patent/JP6850364B2/ja
Publication of WO2019109932A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019109932A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/36—Valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/34—Cutting-off parts, e.g. valve members, seats
    • F16K1/46—Attachment of sealing rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/32—Details
    • F16K1/48—Attaching valve members to screw-spindles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/44—Mechanical actuating means
    • F16K31/50—Mechanical actuating means with screw-spindle or internally threaded actuating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • F16K47/02—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy for preventing water-hammer or noise

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of refrigeration, and in particular to an electronic expansion valve and a refrigeration system therewith.
  • the deceleration electronic expansion valve for an inverter air conditioner is mainly composed of two parts, one part is a valve body part for flow adjustment, and the other part is a coil part for driving (not shown in the figure) ).
  • the coil part comprises: a permanent magnet type stepping motor, a gear reducer with three stages of deceleration, and a thread pair structure for converting a rotary motion of the motor into a vertical movement of the screw.
  • the valve body portion includes a valve seat 1, a valve stem 8, a valve needle 2, a stopper member 3 provided between the valve stem 8 and the valve needle 2, and a core member such as a bellows 7 for controlling the valve needle 2 to be lifted and lowered.
  • the valve seat 1 is provided with a first valve port 4 having a closed position abutting on the first valve port 4 and an open position opening the first valve port 4.
  • the valve needle 2 and the valve stem 8 are in contact with the stopper member 3, they move synchronously.
  • the valve needle 2 is in the closed position, the valve stem 8 can move up and down with respect to the valve needle 2.
  • the valve needle 2 is provided with a second valve port 5 communicating with the first valve port 4 and an overcurrent passage 9.
  • valve needle 2 When the valve needle 2 is in the closed position and the valve stem 8 abuts on the second valve port 5, the fluid can only enter the valve needle 2 or the valve needle 2 through the flow passage 9, so the electronic expansion valve is in a fixed small flow state.
  • the flow rate is determined by the size of the overcurrent channel).
  • the valve stem 8 moves upward under the action of the bellows 7, and the flow rate is changed by adjusting the formation of the movement of the valve stem 8, thereby realizing the adjustment of the small flow rate.
  • the stopper member 3 provided on the valve stem 8 comes into contact with the valve needle 2, and the valve needle 2 is driven to move away from the first valve port 4, thereby realizing large flow rate adjustment.
  • the above structure can realize two-stage adjustment of large flow rate and small flow rate, but based on the structure, it can be further designed.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide an electronic expansion valve and a refrigeration system therewith to further reduce manufacturing costs.
  • an electronic expansion valve comprising: an electronic expansion valve, comprising: a valve body portion, the valve body portion including a valve seat, the valve seat being provided First valve port portion;
  • valve needle portion one end of the valve needle portion is fixedly connected to the valve stem, the other end of the valve needle portion is provided with a groove portion, and the groove portion is provided with a sealing member, and the sealing member is at the concave portion a groove portion is vertically displaced along an inner wall of the groove portion; a bottom end of the sealing member forms a first valve needle; and a large flow regulating portion is formed between the first valve needle and the first valve port portion;
  • the seal member is further provided with a second valve port portion, the valve needle portion is provided with a second valve needle, and the second valve needle and the second valve port portion form a small flow regulating portion.
  • a refrigeration system comprising: an electronic expansion valve, the electronic expansion valve being the above-described electronic expansion valve.
  • the valve needle portion has a groove, a sealing member disposed in the groove, and the valve needle portion is further provided with a second valve needle and a second valve port portion disposed on the sealing member to form a second flow regulating It can be seen that this scheme also realizes two-stage adjustment of traffic. Further, in the present embodiment, the second valve port portion is formed in a seal member that can move up and down with respect to the valve needle portion, and the installation of the second valve port portion is relatively simple.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional structural view showing an electronic expansion valve in the background art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic enlarged plan view showing the valve needle portion of the electronic expansion valve of Figure 2 fully opened;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic enlarged plan view showing the sealing contact of the valve needle portion at the A of the electronic expansion valve of Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic enlarged plan view showing the valve needle portion of the electronic expansion valve of Figure 2 being completely closed;
  • Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a second embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a third embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a partially sectional structural view showing a fourth embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a first embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • the electronic expansion valve of this embodiment includes a drive coil 1, a valve body portion 2, and the drive coil 1 and the valve body portion 2 are fixedly coupled together by a nut 3.
  • the valve body portion 2 includes a valve seat 23, and the valve seat 23 is provided with a first valve port portion 23a.
  • the first valve port portion 23a is directly formed on the valve seat 23 as an alternative processing method. It is also possible to separately process the first valve port portion 23a and then assemble and fix it with the valve seat 23, and the object of the present invention can be achieved in the same manner.
  • the valve body portion 2 of the present embodiment further includes a bellows member 21 that is vertically sealed and isolated, a valve needle portion 22 that can be vertically displaced, and a first nozzle 24a and a second nozzle 24b that are fixedly coupled to the valve seat 23.
  • the driving coil 1 is energized and powered to drive the valve stem 20 to move up and down, the valve stem 20 is fixedly coupled to the valve needle portion 22, and the valve needle portion 22 is movable as the valve stem 20 moves.
  • the bellows member 21 itself has a certain elasticity and is capable of sealingly isolating the upper and lower cavities of the electronic expansion valve, that is, the fluid located in the valve body cannot pass through the bellows member 21 to reach the confined space in which the drive coil 1 is located.
  • valve needle portion 22 One end of the valve needle portion 22 is fixedly connected to the valve stem 20, the other end is provided with a groove portion 22a, and a second valve needle 22b is protruded in the groove portion 22a.
  • the second valve needle 22b and the valve needle portion 22 are integrally formed.
  • the second valve needle 22b can of course be used as a separate component such as welding.
  • the fitting and the like are fixed to the needle portion 22, and the structure of the variant is also not deviated from the general concept of the embodiment, and therefore still falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • a movable seal 25 is provided, which is sealed during the operation of the electronic expansion valve.
  • the member 25 can be displaced in the up and down direction (the axial direction of the groove portion 22a) along the inner wall of the groove portion 22a, and the inner wall of the groove portion 22a can provide a guiding action for the sealing member 25, so that the sealing member 25 is moving. Always keep your center axis from skewing.
  • the seal member 25 is provided with a stepped portion 25d having a stepped surface facing downward, corresponding thereto, on the inner wall of the groove portion 22a.
  • An end portion in the direction toward the first valve port portion 23a is provided with an annular mounting portion 22a1, and a blocking portion 26 is provided in the annular mounting portion 22a1, and the outer diameter of the blocking portion 26 is matched with the inner diameter of the annular mounting portion 22a1 to block The inner diameter of the portion 26 is matched to the step portion 25d of the seal 25.
  • the sealing member 25 can be first loaded into the space formed by the groove portion 22a of the valve needle portion 22 from the bottom up, and then loaded into the blocking portion 26, and finally the bottom end of the valve needle portion 22.
  • the portion is deformed by a riveting or crimping operation.
  • the annular mounting portion 22a1 is an annular flange extending downward from the outer edge of the bottom end of the valve needle portion 22, and the annular flange is riveted.
  • the blocking portion 26 is press-locked to fix the blocking portion 26 on the annular mounting portion 22a1 to fix the sealing member 25 in the groove portion 22a without coming out, and the sealing member 25 may be in the groove portion 22a.
  • the displacement in the up and down direction occurs.
  • the blocking portion 26 may be a closed ring shape, or an annular shape having an opening, or two half arcs or the like, and the blocking portion 26 may be in contact with the downward step surface of the step portion 25d of the sealing member 25, thereby restricting the sealing member. 25 is released from the inside of the groove portion 22a.
  • valve needle portion 22 may not be provided with the annular mounting portion 22a1, and the blocking portion 26 may be directly fixed to the valve needle portion by welding or the like.
  • the bottom of the 22 is also capable of confining the sealing member 25 within the recessed portion 22a, and other variations can be made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the present teachings.
  • the seal member 25 is generally a stepped cylindrical member having a fluid passage 25c formed along its central axis. Based on the view of Fig. 2, the upper end portion of the sealing member 25 is provided with a second valve port portion 25b. When the sealing member 25 is moved upward to the extreme position, the second valve needle 22b and the second valve port portion 25b are formed. The sealing pair is placed such that the second valve port portion 25b is in a closed state. The bottom end of the sealing member 25 forms a first valve needle 25a. When the sealing member 25 is moved down to the extreme position, a sealing pair is formed between the first valve needle 25a and the first valve opening portion 23a, so that the first valve opening portion 23a Is off.
  • a first sound absorbing member 28 made of a porous material is disposed on the passage 25c of the seal member 25.
  • the first sound dampening member 28 can be formed by metal sintering or other manufacturing techniques known in the art that can eliminate noise from the flowing fluid. Thus, after the fluid flows into the second valve port portion 25b, it must flow through the first sound absorbing member 28 to perform noise reduction and noise reduction, thereby improving the silent performance of the electronic expansion valve.
  • a fluid flow path 22c is formed in the outer peripheral wall of the needle portion 22, and the flow path 22c communicates the groove portion 22a with the outside of the needle portion 22 (i.e., in the inner cavity formed by the valve body portion 2).
  • the flow passage 22c becomes the inflow end of the second valve port portion 25b; and the passage 25c in which the seal member 25 is opened serves as the outflow end of the second valve port portion 25b.
  • a second sound absorbing member 27 is further disposed inside the groove portion 22a.
  • the second sound absorbing member 27 is substantially annular and disposed at a position corresponding to the flow path 22c so that fluid flows in from the flow path 22c. At this time, it is necessary to flow through the second silencing portion 27 to perform noise reduction and muffling, and then enter the space of the groove portion 22a.
  • the two sound-absorbing flow passages provided in this embodiment are simple to set up and are easy to implement.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged structural view showing the valve needle portion of the electronic expansion valve of FIG. 2 fully opened;
  • FIG. 4 is a view showing the electronic expansion valve of FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic enlarged view showing the valve needle portion of the electronic expansion valve of FIG. 2 being completely closed.
  • the first valve needle 25a formed at the bottom end of the seal member 25 is first and the first valve port portion 23a.
  • a contact seal is formed, at which time the first valve port portion 23a is in a closed state.
  • the valve needle portion 22 is lowered in pressure from the bottom chamber 2a of the seal member 25, and its corresponding pressure receiving area is S D3 (wherein D3 is the inner diameter of the first valve port portion 23a) as shown in FIG.
  • valve needle portion 22 is held in pressure with the upper chamber 22d of the seal member 25, and its corresponding pressure bearing area is S D1 - S D2 (wherein D1 is the inner diameter of the groove portion 22a, and D2 is the inner passage 25c of the seal member). the inside diameter of).
  • the needle portion 22 can continue to move downward by the driving force, and the second needle 22b provided on the needle portion 22 is The relative displacement change occurs between the second valve port portions 25b provided on the sealing member 25, thereby realizing the flow adjustment of the second valve port portion 25b, which is a small flow precision adjustment process of the electronic expansion valve. That is, the second needle 22b and the second valve port portion 25b form a small flow rate adjusting portion.
  • the needle portion 22 continues to move downward until the second needle 22b comes into contact with the second valve port portion 25b to seal.
  • the sealing member 25 is subjected to the pressure difference combined force [(S D1 - S D4 ) ⁇ F1 - (S D1 - S D3 ) ⁇ F2], wherein (S D1 - S D4 ) ⁇ F1 is the upper chamber
  • the pressure of 22d, (S D1 - S D3 ) ⁇ F2 is the pressure of the valve body cavity 2b, F1 is the pressure of the upper chamber, F2 is the pressure of the valve body cavity 2b, and D1, D3, D4 have the same meanings as above).
  • the needle portion 22 is kept closed downward by the driving force to form a valve body fully closed. During this process, the fluid flows through the second sound absorbing member 27 and the first sound absorbing member 28 inside the valve needle portion 22, silencing noise reduction, and reducing fluid noise.
  • valve needle portion 22 is fixedly coupled to the valve stem 20 as a driving member, when the valve needle portion 22 is moved upward, there is no need to borrow additional power (such as spring force, etc.). That is, the upward additional power demand is reduced, which is advantageous for reducing the coil driving force, simplifying the coil component, and reducing the manufacturing cost.
  • the valve needle portion 22 is provided with the first valve needle 22b and the guide portion at the same time, which can achieve good guiding of the sealing member 25, prevent the sealing member from being deflected, and the internal structure can be simplified. It can be seen that the scheme also realizes two-stage adjustment of the flow.
  • the second valve port portion 25b is formed in the seal member 25 which is movable up and down with respect to the valve needle portion 22, and the installation process of the second valve port portion 25b is also relatively simple.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a second embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • the second embodiment is a specific embodiment derived on the basis of the first embodiment, which is suitable for use cases where the flow rate of the electronic expansion valve is not zero in the closed state.
  • the flow rate of the electronic expansion valve is not zero in the closed state.
  • the second valve needle 22b is provided with a first small flow passage 22e and a second small flow passage 22f which are in communication.
  • the first small flow passage 22e radially penetrates the second valve needle 22b.
  • the second small flow passage 22f is axially disposed, and the first small flow passage 22e communicates with the flow passage 22c, and one end of the second small flow passage 22f communicates with the first small flow passage 22c, and the other end communicates with the passage 25c.
  • the passage 22e and the second small flow passage 22f enter the passage 25c of the seal member 25, and then are further silenced and noise-reduced by the first silencing member 28, and then flow out of the first valve port portion 23a. This ensures that the electronic expansion valve remains in a completely closed state while still maintaining a small flow.
  • first small flow path 22e and the second small flow path 22f in this embodiment are not limited to the structures given in the drawings of the embodiment, for example, the small flow path may be tilted, or A plurality of pieces are provided, and the object of the present invention can be achieved only by being able to introduce the fluid flowing into the second sound absorbing member 27 into the groove portion 22a.
  • the structure of the sealing member 25 and the structural relationship between the first valve needle 22b and the valve needle portion 22 in this embodiment are applicable to the corresponding description of the first embodiment, and will not be described herein.
  • FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a third embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • the first embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the second small needle 22e and the second small flow path 22f are disposed on the second valve needle 22b, and a spring is further disposed inside the groove portion 22a. 29, one end of the spring 29 is pressed against the second silencing member 27, and the other end is pressed against the upper surface of the sealing member 25.
  • a groove may be formed in the upper surface of the sealing member 25 for supporting the spring 29 as shown in FIG.
  • the electronic expansion valve provided in this embodiment is applicable not only to the case where the fluid flows in from the first nozzle 24a, but also to the case where the fluid flows backward from the second nozzle 24b.
  • the first valve needle 25a formed at the bottom end of the sealing member 25 is first formed in contact with the first valve port portion 23a.
  • the first valve port portion 23a is in a closed state.
  • the pressure of the valve needle portion 22 and the upper chamber 22d (corresponding area S D1 - S D2 ) of the seal portion 25 and the valve body cavity 2b (corresponding area S D1 - S D3 ) are lowered, and the seal member 25 is biased by the spring force of the spring 29.
  • the upward pressure difference force [(S D1 -S D2 ) ⁇ F1-(S D1 -S D3 ) ⁇ F2-S D2 ⁇ F3] is offset and kept closed downward.
  • D1 is the inner diameter of the groove portion 22a
  • D2 is the inner diameter of the inner passage 25c of the seal
  • F1 is the downward force formed by the pressure of the upper chamber 22d
  • F2 is the upward force formed by the pressure of the valve body cavity 2b
  • F3 is The upward force formed by the pressure of the bottom chamber 2a.
  • the needle portion 22 continues to move downward until the second needle 22b comes into contact with the second valve port portion 25b to seal.
  • the sealing member 25 is offset by the elastic force of the spring 29 to the upward pressure difference [[S D1 - S D4 ) ⁇ F1 - (S D1 - S D3 ) ⁇ F2 - (SD3 - SD4) ⁇ F3] Closed, forming the valve body fully closed.
  • D4 is the inner diameter of the large diameter section of the passage 25c.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional structural view showing a fourth embodiment of the electronic expansion valve of the present invention.
  • the electronic expansion valve of the present embodiment includes a drive coil 1, a valve body portion 2, and inside the valve body portion 2, a magnetic rotor member 400 that rotates in response to the drive coil 1 is provided, and the valve stem 500 and the magnetic rotor member 400 are directly or Indirectly fixedly connected, the valve stem 500 is provided with an external thread, the plastic nut 300 is provided with an internal thread, and the plastic nut 300 is fixed directly or indirectly with the valve body portion 2.
  • the valve needle portion 600 is connected to the lower end portion of the valve stem 500, and the sealing member 25 is connected to the bottom of the valve needle portion 600.
  • the valve needle portion 600 of the present embodiment can adopt the valve needle of the first, second and third embodiments described above.
  • the seal member 25 may have any structure of the seal member 25 of the first, second, and third embodiments described above.
  • the electromagnetic coil 1 is energized to drive the magnetic sub-assembly 400 to rotate, and at the same time, the screw rod 500 is rotated. Due to the action of the thread pair between the screw rod and the nut, the screw rod 500 can also be moved up and down while rotating, thereby driving the valve needle.
  • the department 600 is used for lifting and lowering. For the movement process of the valve needle portion 600 and the sealing member 25, reference may be made to the description of the first embodiment and the third embodiment above, and details are not described herein again.
  • the core idea of the present invention is the arrangement of the valve needle portion and the seal structure, and the application of such a structure in an electronic expansion valve, and other components of the electronic expansion valve product, such as an electromagnetic coil and a rotor structure.
  • the transmission structure and the like can all adopt the electronic expansion valve structure commonly used in the industry.
  • the first embodiment and the fourth embodiment respectively provide two different electronic expansion valves, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention Under the technical inspiration, it can also be extended to electronic expansion valves of other structures.
  • the present application also provides a refrigeration system, an embodiment of the refrigeration system according to the present application comprising an electronic expansion valve.
  • the electronic expansion valve is the above-described electronic expansion valve. Since the above electronic expansion valve has the advantage of precise adjustment of the flow rate, the refrigeration system having the same has its advantages.

Abstract

一种电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统，电子膨胀阀包括：阀体部（2），其包括阀座（23），阀座（23）设置有第一阀口部（23a）；阀针部（22），其一端与阀杆（20）固定连接，其另一端开设有凹槽部（22a），凹槽部（22a）内设置有密封件（25），密封件（25）可在凹槽部（22a）内沿着凹槽部（22a）的内壁作上下位移；密封件（25）的底端形成第一阀针（25a）；第一阀针（25a）与第一阀口部（23a）之间形成大流量调节部；密封件（25）还设置有第二阀口部（25b），阀针部（22）设置有第二阀针（22b），第二阀针（22b）与第二阀口部（25b）形成小流量调节部。

Description

电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统
本申请要求于2017年12月05日提交中国专利局、申请号为201711268994.5、发明名称为“电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及制冷领域，具体而言，涉及一种电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统。
背景技术
如图1所示，在背景技术中，变频空调用减速式电子膨胀阀主要由两部分组成，一部分为阀体部分用于流量调节，另一部分为用于驱动的线圈部分(图中未示出)。其中线圈部分包括：永磁式步进电机、具有三级减速的齿轮减速器、具有将电机旋转运动转化成丝杆垂直运动的螺纹副结构。阀体部分包括阀座1、阀杆8、阀针2、设置在阀杆8和阀针2之间的止挡部件3以及控制阀针2升降的波纹管7等核心部件构成。阀座1上设置有第一阀口4，阀针2具有抵接在第一阀口4上的关闭位置以及打开第一阀口4的打开位置。阀针2与阀杆8通过止挡部件3接触时两者同步运动，当阀针2位于关闭位置时，阀杆8能够相对于阀针2上下运动。阀针2上设置有与第一阀口4连通的第二阀口5以及过流通道9。下面介绍一下电子膨胀阀的几种工作状态：当阀针2位于打开位置时，电子膨胀阀处于全 开的状态。当阀针2位于关闭位置，且阀杆8抵接在第二阀口5上时，流体只能通过流通道9进入阀针2或流出阀针2，因此电子膨胀阀处于固定小流量的状态(流量有过流通道的尺寸决定)。当需要进行小流量调节时，阀杆8在波纹管的7的作用下向上移动，通过调节阀杆8移动的形成来改变流量大小，从而实现小流量的调节。当阀杆8移动至预定位置时，设置在阀杆8上的止挡部件3与阀针2接触，带动阀针2向远离第一阀口4的方向移动，实现大流量调节。上述结构能够实现大流量和小流量的二段式调节，但在该结构基础上，还可以进一步设计。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种电子膨胀阀及具有其的制冷系统，以进一步降低制造成本。
为了实现上述目的，根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种电子膨胀阀，包括：电子膨胀阀，特征在于，包括：阀体部，所述阀体部包括阀座，所述阀座设置有第一阀口部；
阀针部，所述阀针部的一端与阀杆固定连接，所述阀针部的另一端开设有凹槽部，所述凹槽部内设置有密封件，所述密封件可在所述凹槽部内沿着所述凹槽部的内壁作上下位移；所述密封件的底端形成第一阀针；所述第一阀针与所述第一阀口部之间形成大流量调节部；
所述密封件还设置有第二阀口部，所述阀针部设置有第二阀针，所述第二阀针与所述第二阀口部形成小流量调节部。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种制冷系统，包括：电子膨胀阀，电子膨胀阀为上述的电子膨胀阀。
应用本发明的技术方案，阀针部具有凹槽，设置在凹槽内的密封件，阀针部还设有第二阀针和设于密封件的第二阀口部，形成第二流量调节部，可见，本方案也实现了流量的两段式调节。此外，就本方案而言，第二阀口部形成于能够相对阀针部上下移动的密封件，第二阀口部的设置加工也相对简单。
附图说明
构成本申请的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中：
图1示出了背景技术中的电子膨胀阀的局部纵剖结构示意图；
图2示出了本发明的电子膨胀阀的第一实施例的纵剖结构示意图；
图3示出了图2的电子膨胀阀的A处阀针部完全开启的放大结构示意图；
图4示出了图2的电子膨胀阀的A处阀针部密封接触的放大结构示意图；
图5示出了图2的电子膨胀阀的A处阀针部完全关闭的放大结构示意图；
图6示出了本发明的电子膨胀阀第二实施例的局部剖视结构示意图；
图7示出了本发明的电子膨胀阀第三实施例的局部剖视结构示意图；
图8示出了本发明的电子膨胀阀第四实施例的局部剖视结构示意图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
请参照图2，图2示出了本发明的电子膨胀阀的第一实施例的纵剖结构示意图。
如图2所示，本实施例的电子膨胀阀包括：驱动线圈1、阀体部2，并通过螺母3将驱动线圈1和阀体部2固定连接在一起。阀体部2包括阀座23，阀座23上设置有第一阀口部23a，在本实施例中，第一阀口部23a在阀座23上直接加工成型，作为可替代的加工方式，也可以将第一阀口部23a单独加工，然后与阀座23组装固定，同样能够实现本发明的目的。
本实施例所述的阀体部2还包括上下密封隔离的波纹管构件21、可上下位移的阀针部22、与阀座23固定连接的第一接管24a、第二接管24b。驱动线圈1通电并提供动力，带动阀杆20上下移动，阀杆20与阀针部22固定连接，阀针部22可随着阀杆20的移动而移动。波纹管构件21本身具有一定的弹性，并且能够将电子膨胀阀的上下腔体密封隔离，即位于阀体内的流体无法穿过波纹管构件21到达驱动线圈1所在的密闭空间内。
阀针部22的一端与阀杆20固定连接，另一端开设有凹槽部22a，并且在凹槽部22a内突出设置有第二阀针22b，在本实施例中，如图2、图3所示，第二阀针22b与阀针部22为一体成型的结构，当然，本领域技术人员可以理解，作为替代方案，当然可以将第二阀针22b作为一个单独的零件采用诸如焊接、过盈配合等方式与阀针部22进行固定，这种变体的结构同样未脱离本实施例的总体构思，因此仍然属于本发明的保护范围。
在阀针部22的下端部(以图2的视图为基准)的凹槽部22a所形成的大致环状空间内，设置有可活动的密封件25，在电子膨胀阀的工作过程中，密封件25可以沿着凹槽部22a的内壁作上下方向(凹槽部22a的轴线方向)的位移，同时凹槽部22a的内壁又可以为密封件25提供导向作用，使密封件25在移动时始终保持自身的中心轴线不发生偏斜。为了将密封件25约束在凹槽部22a的内部而不脱离，在本实施例中，密封件25设置有台阶面朝下的台阶部25d，与之相对应地，在凹槽部22a的内壁上靠近第一阀口部23a方向的端部设置有环形安装部22a1，并在环形安装部22a1内设置阻挡部26，阻挡部26的外径尺寸与环形安装部22a1的内径尺寸相匹配，阻挡部26的内径尺寸与密封件25的台阶部25d相匹配。
这样，在安装时，可以先将密封件25自下而上装入阀针部22的凹槽部22a所形成的空间内，然后再装入阻挡部26，最后对阀针部22的底端部实施铆压或压接操作，使其变形，具体如图3所示，环形安装部22a1为从阀针部22底端外缘向下延伸形成的环形凸缘，环形凸缘压铆，可将阻挡部26压扣住，从而将阻挡部26固定在环形安装部22a1上，以实现将密 封件25固定在凹槽部22a内而不脱出，同时密封件25又可以在凹槽部22a内发生上下方向的位移。具体地，阻挡部26可以是封闭的环形，或者具有开口的环形，或者两个半弧等都可以，阻挡部26与密封件25的台阶部25d的向下台阶面上下抵触，从而限制密封件25从凹槽部22a内脱出。
本领域技术人员可以理解，在上述实施例的基础上，还可以作出若干变换，比如阀针部22也可以不设置环形安装部22a1，而直接将阻挡部26通过焊接等方式固定在阀针部22的底部，同样能够将密封件25限制在凹槽部22a内，本领域技术人员根据本构思还可以作出其他的变换，这些变换在不脱离本构思的情况下，也应当属于本发明的保护范围。
密封件25大体呈有台阶的圆柱状部件，沿其中心轴线开设有流体通道25c。以图2的视图为基准，密封件25的上端部设置有第二阀口部25b，当密封件25向上移动至极限位置时，第二阀针22b与第二阀口部25b之间组成了密封副，使第二阀口部25b处于关闭状态。密封件25的底端形成第一阀针25a，当密封件25下移至极限位置时，第一阀针25a与第一阀口部23a之间组成了密封副，使第一阀口部23a处于关闭状态。
密封件25的通道25c上设置有多孔质材料制成的第一消音部件28。第一消音部件28可以采用金属烧结成型或者本领域公知的其他制造技术制成，其能够对流经的流体起到消除噪音的作用。这样，流体流入第二阀口部25b之后，必须流经第一消音部件28进行降噪消音，从而提高了电子膨胀阀的静音性能。
阀针部22的外周壁上开设有流体流道22c，该流道22c将凹槽部22a与阀针部22的外部(即阀体部2所形成的内腔中)相连通。同时，流道22c成为第二阀口部25b的流入端；而密封件25开设的通道25c则作为第二阀口部25b的流出端。在凹槽部22a内部还设置有第二消音部件27，在本实施例中，第二消音部件27大体呈圆环状，并设置在流道22c相对应的位置，使得流体从流道22c流入时，必须流经第二消音部27进行降噪消音之后再进入凹槽部22a的空间内。
本实施例提供的两处消音流道设置部位简单，且便于实现。
请参照图3、图4、图5，其中，图3示出了图2的电子膨胀阀的A处阀针部完全开启的放大结构示意图；图4示出了图2的电子膨胀阀的A处阀针部密封接触的放大结构示意图；图5示出了图2的电子膨胀阀的A处阀针部完全关闭的放大结构示意图。
如图3所示，阀针部22处于开启状态时，流体从第一接管24a进入，密封件25上方和下方压力处于平衡状态，此时密封件受重力等作用下保持向下。密封件25的台阶部25d与阻挡部26相抵接，阀针部22及密封件25受驱动力作用向下调节第一阀口部23a的开度，直到与第一阀口部23a接触形成密封，这一过程即为电子膨胀阀的大流量调节过程，即第一阀针25a与第一阀口部23a形成大流量调节部。
如图4所示，当阀针部22与密封件25向下与第一阀口部23a接触的过程中，密封件25的底端形成的第一阀针25a先与第一阀口部23a形成接触密封，此时第一阀口部23a处于关闭状态。阀针部22与密封件25的底 部腔室2a压力下降，其对应的承压面积为S D3(其中，D3为第一阀口部23a的内径)如图4所示。而阀针部22与密封件25的上部腔室22d压力保持，其对应的承压面积为S D1-S D2，(其中，D1为凹槽部22a的内径，D2为密封件内部通道25c的内径)。此时，密封件25受压差力的合力【(S D1-S D2)·F1-(S D1-S D3)·F2-(S D3-S D2)·F3】作用下保持关闭，(其中，(S D1-S D2)·F1为上部腔室22d的压力形成的向下力，(S D1-S D3)·F2为阀体内腔2b的压力形成的向上力，(S D3-S D2)·F3为底部腔室2a的压力形成的向上力，F1为上部腔室的压强，F2为阀体内腔2b的压强，F3为底部腔室2a的压强)。此时，由于阀针部22与密封件25之间能够发生相对位移，因此阀针部22仍然可以在驱动力的作用下继续向下移动，阀针部22上设置的第二阀针22b与密封件25上设置的第二阀口部25b之间会发生相对位移的变化，从而实现了对第二阀口部25b的流量调节，这一过程即为电子膨胀阀的小流量精密调节过程，即第二阀针22b与第二阀口部25b形成小流量调节部。
如图5所示，阀针部22继续向下移动，直到第二阀针22b与第二阀口部25b相接触而密封。此时，密封件25受压差合力【(S D1-S D4)·F1-(S D1-S D3)·F2】的作用，(其中，(S D1-S D4)·F1为上部腔室22d的压力，(S D1-S D3)·F2为阀体内腔2b的压力，F1为上部腔室的压强，F2为阀体内腔2b的压强，D1、D3、D4的含义同上)。阀针部22在驱动力作用下保持向下关闭，形成阀体全关。在此过程中，流体在阀针部22内部流经第二消音部件27以及第一消音部件28，消音降噪，降低了流体噪音。
相较于传统的阀，本实施例中由于阀针部22与作为驱动件的阀杆20固定连接，因此当阀针部22向上动作时，不需要借动额外的动力(如弹簧力等)，即向上的额外动力需求减小，有利于减小线圈驱动力，实现线圈部件简化，降低制造成本。阀针部22同时具备第一阀针22b和导向部，能够实现对密封件25的良好导向，防止密封件发生偏斜，且内部结构可以得到简化。可见，本方案也实现了流量的两段式调节。此外，就本方案而言，第二阀口部25b形成于能够相对阀针部22上下移动的密封件25，第二阀口部25b的设置加工也相对简单。
请参照图6，图6为本发明的电子膨胀阀第二实施例的局部剖视结构示意图。
第二实施例是在第一实施例的基础上衍生出来的一种具体方案，其适用于电子膨胀阀在闭阀状态下流量不为零的使用场合。为了便于描述本实施例，下文中仅对于与第一实施例不同之处加以说明，对于结构和作用均相同的部件不再重复赘述。
在本实施例中，第二阀针22b上设置有相连通的第一小流道22e以及第二小流道22f，图6中，第一小流道22e径向贯穿第二阀针22b，第二小流道22f轴向设置，第一小流道22e连通流道22c，第二小流道22f一端连通第一小流道22c，另一端连通通道25c。这样，即使是在第一阀口部23a以及第二阀口部25b均处于关闭状态时，流体仍然可以从流体流道22c流入，经过第二消音部件27消音降噪之后，通过第一小流道22e以及第二小流道22f进入密封件25的通道25c，然后经过第一消音部件28进一步消音 降噪之后流出第一阀口部23a。这样就保证了电子膨胀阀处于完全关闭的状态时，依然保持有较小的流量。
本领域技术人员应当理解，本实施例中的第一小流道22e以及第二小流道22f并不局限于本实施例附图所给出的结构，比如小流道还可以倾斜设置，或者设置多条，只需满足能够将流入第二消音部件27的流体引入凹槽部22a即可实现本发明的目的。
本实施例中的密封件25的结构、第一阀针22b与阀针部22之间的结构关系均适用于第一实施例的相应描述，此处不再赘述。
请参照图7，图7为本发明的电子膨胀阀第三实施例的局部剖视结构示意图。
在第一实施例的基础上，还可以做出若干的变换，以形成新的实施例。在第三实施例中，与第一实施例不同之处在于，第二阀针22b上设置有第一小流道22e以及第二小流道22f，并且在凹槽部22a内部还设置有弹簧29，弹簧29的一端抵压在第二消音部件27上，另一端抵压在密封件25的上表面。为了进一步保持弹簧29不会发生偏斜，还可以在密封件25的上表面开设一个凹槽，用于支撑弹簧29，如图7所示。
本实施例提供的电子膨胀阀，不仅适用于流体从第一接管24a流入的情况，也适用于流体反向从第二接管24b流入的情况，下面对流体反向流入的工作过程进行描述：
在电子膨胀阀开启状态时，密封件25上方和下方的压力处于平衡状态，此时密封件受到自身重力及弹簧29的弹力作用下保持向下。密封件25的台阶部25d与阻挡部26相抵接，阀针部22及密封件受驱动力作用向下调节第一阀口部23a的开度，直到与第一阀口部23a接触形成密封，这一过程即为电子膨胀阀的大流量调节过程，即第一阀针25a与第一阀口部23a形成大流量调节部。
当阀针部22与密封件25向下与第一阀口部23a接触的过程中，密封件25的底端形成的第一阀针25a先与第一阀口部23a形成接触密封，此时第一阀口部23a处于关闭状态。阀针部22与密封部25的上部腔室22d(对应面积S D1-S D2)以及阀体内腔2b(对应面积为S D1-S D3)的压力下降，密封件25受弹簧29的弹力作用抵消向上的压差合力【(S D1-S D2)·F1-(S D1-S D3)·F2-S D2·F3】而保持向下关闭。其中，D1为凹槽部22a的内径，D2为密封件内部通道25c的内径，F1为上部腔室22d的压力形成的向下力，F2为阀体内腔2b的压力形成的向上力，F3为底部腔室2a的压力形成的向上力。此时，由于阀针部22与密封件25之间能够发生相对位移，因此阀针部22仍然可以在驱动力的作用下继续向下移动，阀针部22上设置的第二阀针22b与密封件25上设置的第二阀口部25b之间会发生相对位移的变化，从而实现了对第二阀口部25b的流量调节，这一过程即为电子膨胀阀的小流量精密调节过程，即第二阀针22b与第二阀口部25b形成小流量调节部。
阀针部22继续向下移动，直到第二阀针22b与第二阀口部25b相接触而密封。此时，密封件25受弹簧29的弹力抵消向上的压差合力【(S D1-S D4)·F1-(S D1-S D3)·F2-(SD3-SD4)·F3】作用保持向下关闭，形成阀体全关。其中，D4为通道25c大径段的内径。在此过程中，流体流经第一消音部件28以及第二消音部件27，消音降噪，降低了流体噪音。
请参照图8，图8为本发明的电子膨胀阀第四实施例的局部剖视结构示意图。
本实施例的电子膨胀阀包括：驱动线圈1、阀体部2，在阀体部2的内部，设置有响应驱动线圈1而转动的磁转子部件400，阀杆500与磁转子部件400直接或间接固定连接，阀杆500设置有外螺纹，塑料螺母300设置有内螺纹，并且，塑料螺母300与阀体部2直接或间接固定。阀杆500的下端部连接有阀针部600，阀针部600的底部连接有密封件25，本实施例的阀针部600可以采用上述第一、第二、第三实施例当中的阀针部22的任意结构，密封件25也可以采用上述第一、第二、第三实施例当中的密封件25的任意结构。
电磁线圈1通电，驱动磁性子部件400旋转，并同时带动丝杆500旋转，由于丝杆与螺母之间的螺纹副的作用，丝杆500在旋转的同时还可以作升降运动，从而带动阀针部600一起作升降运动。关于阀针部600以及密封件25的运动过程，可以参照上文第一实施例以及第三实施例的描述，此处不再一一赘述。
本发明的说明书中所述的上、下、左、右等方位名词均是以说明书附图所显示的结构为基准进行描述，不应当理解为对发明保护范围的限制。本发明的说明书中对于部件名称出现的“第一”、“第二”等词语，仅是为了便于区分不同部件而引入的，并不意味着这些部件之间存在结构上或者功能上的先后次序。
需要特别说明的是，本发明的核心构思在于阀针部以及密封件结构的设置方式，以及这种结构在电子膨胀阀中的应用，而电子膨胀阀产品的其他部件，比如电磁线圈、转子结构、传动结构等等均可以采用行业内常用的电子膨胀阀结构，上述第一实施例和第四实施例分别给出了两种不同的电子膨胀阀，本领域技术人员应当理解，在本发明给出的技术启示下，还可以扩展到其他结构的电子膨胀阀上。
本申请还提供了一种制冷系统，根据本申请的制冷系统的实施例包括电子膨胀阀。其中，电子膨胀阀为上述的电子膨胀阀。由于上述电子膨胀阀具有流量的调节精准的优点，因此具有其的制冷系统也具有其优点。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，包括：
    阀体部(2)，所述阀体部(2)包括阀座(23)，所述阀座(23)设置有第一阀口部(23a)；
    阀针部(22)，所述阀针部(22)的一端与阀杆(20)固定连接，所述阀针部(22)的另一端设有凹槽部(22a)，所述凹槽部(22a)内设置有密封件(25)，所述密封件(25)可在所述凹槽部(22a)内沿着所述凹槽部(22a)的内壁作上下位移；所述密封件(25)的底端形成第一阀针(25a)；所述第一阀针(25a)与所述第一阀口部(23a)之间形成大流量调节部；
    所述密封件还设置有第二阀口部(25b)，所述阀针部设置有第二阀针(22b)，所述第二阀针(22b)与所述第二阀口部(25b)形成小流量调节部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第二阀针(22b)突出设置于所述凹槽部(22a)内，所述第二阀针(22b)与所述凹槽部(22a)为一体成型或者所述第二阀针(22b)通过焊接或过盈配合的方式与所述凹槽部(22a)固定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述密封件(25)设置有台阶面朝下的台阶部(25d)，所述凹槽部(22a)固定连接有阻 挡部(26)，所述阻挡部(26)的内径尺寸与所述台阶部(25d)的外径尺寸相匹配。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述凹槽部(22a)的内壁上在靠近所述第一阀口部(23a)方向的端部设置有环形安装部(22a1)，所述阻挡部(26)放置在所述环形安装部(22a1)内，并通过铆压所述阀针部的底端进行固定。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述阻挡部(26)与所述凹槽部(22a)通过焊接固定。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述密封件(25)沿其中心轴线开设有通道(25c)，所述通道(25c)的通路内设置有多孔质材料制成的第一消音部件(28)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述阀针部(22)的外周壁上开设有流道(22c)，所述流道(22c)将所述凹槽部(22a)与所述阀针部(22)的外部相连通，所述凹槽部(22a)内部还设置有第二消音部件(27)，所述第二消音部件(27)与所述流道(22c)对应设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述第二阀针(22b)设置有相连通的第一小流道(22e)以及第二小流道(22f)，所述第一小流道(22e)连通所述流道(22c)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述凹槽部(22a)内部还设置有弹簧(29)，所述弹簧(29)的一端抵压于所述第二消音部件(27)，所述弹簧(29)的另一端抵压于所述密封件(25)。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，还包括驱动线圈(1)、所述驱动线圈(1)与所述阀体部(2)通过螺母(3)固定连接，所述电子膨胀阀还包括波纹管构件(21)，所述波纹管构件(21)将所述电子膨胀阀的上下腔体密封隔离。
  11. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述阀体部(2)内部还包括磁转子部件(400)，与所述磁转子部件(400)固定连接的阀杆(500)，所述阀杆(500)固定连接有阀针部(600)，所述阀针部(600)的底部接有密封件(25)。
  12. 一种制冷系统，包括：电子膨胀阀，其特征在于，所述电子膨胀阀为权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电子膨胀阀。
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