WO2019105458A1 - 换电站及其控制方法 - Google Patents

换电站及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019105458A1
WO2019105458A1 PCT/CN2018/118558 CN2018118558W WO2019105458A1 WO 2019105458 A1 WO2019105458 A1 WO 2019105458A1 CN 2018118558 W CN2018118558 W CN 2018118558W WO 2019105458 A1 WO2019105458 A1 WO 2019105458A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
shuttle
vehicle
power
charging
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/118558
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
邹瑞
万里斌
周军桥
Original Assignee
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BR112020010862-6A priority Critical patent/BR112020010862B1/pt
Priority to CA3083845A priority patent/CA3083845A1/en
Application filed by 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司, 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority to US16/768,084 priority patent/US11623541B2/en
Priority to SG11202006109VA priority patent/SG11202006109VA/en
Priority to AU2018374240A priority patent/AU2018374240A1/en
Priority to MX2020005677A priority patent/MX2020005677A/es
Priority to CA3097624A priority patent/CA3097624A1/en
Priority to JP2020529532A priority patent/JP7405747B2/ja
Priority to KR1020207018698A priority patent/KR20200098554A/ko
Priority to EP18883376.8A priority patent/EP3718837A4/en
Priority to EA202091362A priority patent/EA202091362A1/ru
Publication of WO2019105458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019105458A1/zh
Priority to PH12020550773A priority patent/PH12020550773A1/en
Priority to IL275004A priority patent/IL275004A/en
Priority to ZA2020/03938A priority patent/ZA202003938B/en
Priority to CONC2020/0008079A priority patent/CO2020008079A2/es
Priority to US18/157,065 priority patent/US20230150392A1/en
Priority to JP2023146129A priority patent/JP2023182595A/ja

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472—Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power exchange and a control method thereof.
  • Direct charging is currently used mainly in small cars, such as taxis and family cars.
  • As a direct-charge electric vehicle it is currently used to charge a vehicle by using a charging pile built on the ground.
  • charging piles are not only inconvenient to manage, but with the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, it is difficult to centralize the charging management of electric vehicles.
  • the quick-change type is mainly used in the public transportation system, and the on-board power battery of the electric bus is quickly exchanged through the quick-change station, thereby realizing the online continuous operation of the electric bus.
  • the current quick change stations have the problems of long battery replacement time and low replacement efficiency.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of low replacement efficiency of the prior art substation battery replacement time, and to provide an efficient power exchange and its control method.
  • a power station that includes:
  • first charging chamber and a second charging chamber are both for storing a battery of the vehicle and charging the battery of the vehicle;
  • the first power exchange platform is located between the first charging room and the second charging room, and the first power changing platform is used to replace the battery of the vehicle;
  • first shuttle and a second shuttle the first shuttle shuttles between the first charging chamber and the first power exchange platform, and the second shuttle shuttles between the second charging chamber and the first power exchange platform, first Both the shuttle and the second shuttle are used to perform the operation of disassembling the battery and installing the battery on the vehicle on the first power exchange platform;
  • control unit is electrically connected to the first shuttle and the second shuttle, and the control unit is configured to control the first shuttle and the second shuttle to perform the following operations: when operating the same vehicle on the first power conversion platform If the first shuttle performs one of the operations of disassembling the battery and installing the battery, the second shuttle performs another operation of disassembling the battery and installing the battery.
  • the power station further includes a second power exchange platform and a third shuttle;
  • the second power exchange platform is disposed on an opposite side of the first power exchange platform with respect to the first charging chamber;
  • the third shuttle shuttles between the first charging chamber and the second power exchange platform and is electrically connected to the control unit, and the third shuttle is used to perform an operation of disassembling the battery and installing the battery for the vehicle on the second power exchange platform.
  • the power station is provided with a plurality of power exchange channels (the second power exchange platform), which can simultaneously replace the batteries of multiple vehicles, thereby reducing the waiting time.
  • a first palletizer and a second palletizer are respectively disposed in the first charging chamber and the second charging chamber, and the first palletizer and the second palletizer are electrically connected to the control unit;
  • the first charging compartment forms a first front compartment and a first rear compartment that are in communication with each other, and the first palletizing machine runs between the first front compartment and the first rear compartment, and the first shuttle is in the first front compartment.
  • the battery is exchanged with the first palletizer, the first rear compartment is used for placing the first battery rack, and the first palletizing machine is used for picking up the battery on the first battery rack;
  • the second charging chamber forms a second front compartment and a second rear compartment which are connected to each other, the second palletizing machine is moved between the second front compartment and the second rear compartment, and the second shuttle is in the second front compartment.
  • the battery is exchanged with the second palletizer, the second rear compartment is for placing the second battery rack, and the second palletizing machine is for picking up the battery on the second battery rack.
  • the upstream and downstream of the first power exchange platform in the direction in which the vehicle enters are connected to the upper and lower ramps, respectively.
  • the power station further comprises a first monitoring room
  • the first monitoring room is disposed upstream of the first charging room, and the control unit is disposed in the first monitoring room.
  • the power station further includes a first monitoring room and a second monitoring room,
  • the control unit includes a first monitoring device and a second monitoring device, and the first monitoring device and the second monitoring device are respectively disposed in the first monitoring room and the second monitoring room;
  • the first monitoring device is configured to control the operation of the first shuttle to alternately disassemble the battery and install the battery on the vehicle on the first power exchange platform;
  • the second monitoring device is configured to control the operation of the second shuttle to alternately disassemble the battery and install the battery on the vehicle on the first power exchange platform.
  • the first shuttle comprises: a chassis, a lifting frame and a jacking mechanism;
  • the jacking mechanism connects the chassis and the lifting frame and lifts the lifting frame relative to the chassis, the jacking mechanism includes a connecting rod, the first end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the lifting frame, and the second end of the connecting rod is rotatable Ground connected to the chassis;
  • the lifting frame is used to disassemble and install the battery of the vehicle.
  • the link is a cam.
  • a control method is applied to the power station as described above, and the control method comprises the following steps:
  • control unit controls the first shuttle to take out the fully charged battery from the first charging room and stand by in the first charging room;
  • control unit controls the second shuttle vehicle to enter the first power exchange platform and remove the battery of the vehicle;
  • S3 The control unit controls the first shuttle to mount the fully charged battery to the vehicle on the first power exchange platform.
  • step S2 after the second shuttle disassembles the battery of the vehicle, the control unit controls the second shuttle to transfer the battery of the vehicle to the second charging chamber for charging and take out the fully charged battery from the second charging chamber. Stand by in the second charging room;
  • step S3 after the first shuttle mounts the fully charged battery to the vehicle on the first power exchange platform, the control unit controls the first shuttle to return to the first charging room for standby;
  • the control method further includes the following steps:
  • the control unit controls the first shuttle to enter the first power-changing platform and remove the battery of the vehicle. After the first shuttle removes the battery of the vehicle, the control unit controls The first shuttle transfers the battery of the vehicle to the first charging chamber for charging and takes out the fully charged battery from the first charging chamber and stands by in the first charging chamber;
  • the control unit controls the second shuttle to install the fully charged battery to the vehicle on the first power exchange platform, and after the second shuttle mounts the fully charged battery to the vehicle, the control unit controls the second shuttle to return to the vehicle.
  • the second charging chamber is on standby;
  • the positive progress of the present invention is that the alternating power station and its control method shorten the waiting time of the battery replacement battery by the alternate operation of the first shuttle and the second shuttle, and improve the battery replacement efficiency of the power exchange.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a power station according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2 is a flow chart showing a control method of a power substation according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3 is a perspective view of a shuttle battery pack changing apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4 is a perspective view of a chassis in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a lift frame in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partial structural schematic view of a shuttle type battery pack changing apparatus in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which the battery holding portion and the vehicle fixing portion are removed.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional structure of a cam in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the mating structure of a cam and a lifting frame in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view showing the structure of a vehicle fixing portion in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery holding portion in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is another perspective view of a battery holding portion in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a second motion frame in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of a tray in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a block diagram showing another portion of a shuttle battery pack changing apparatus in which a battery holding portion is removed, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a block diagram showing the structure of a power exchange platform in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • chassis 101 chassis 101; first side wall 102; second side wall 103; guiding portion 104; rotating shaft 105; lifting frame 106; guiding groove 107; vehicle fixing portion 120; first moving frame 121; Fork 122; unlocking mechanism 123; connecting plate 124; guiding opening 125; battery lifting portion 130; second moving frame 131; insertion groove 132; tray 133; second fork 134; spring 135; insert 136; guiding block 140; Guide rail 150; first driving portion 160; second driving portion 170; cam 181; insertion shaft 182; bearing 183; jacking drive unit 184; pulley 185; first end 186; second end 187; power exchange platform 190; Mechanism 191; vehicle 200; battery 210; power station 300; first power exchange platform 301; second power exchange platform 302; third shuttle 303; uphill ramp 304; down ramp 305; first full-function container 310; First charging chamber 311; first front compartment 312; first rear compartment 313; first monitoring room
  • the power substation 300 includes a first full function container 310 and a second full function container 330 arranged side by side.
  • a first power exchange platform 301 is disposed between the first full-function container 310 and the second full-function container 330, and the opposite side of the first full-function container 310 and the second full-function container 330 from the first power-changing platform 301
  • the vehicle 200 can replace the battery on the first power exchange platform 301 and the second power exchange platform 302.
  • the first power exchange platform 301 and the second power exchange platform 302 are connected to the upper ramp 304 and the lower ramp 305 upstream and downstream, respectively, in the direction in which the vehicle 200 is driven.
  • the first full function container 310 is provided with a first charging chamber 311 and a first monitoring chamber 314.
  • the first charging chamber 311 is for storing the battery of the vehicle 200 and charging the battery of the vehicle 200.
  • a first palletizer 317 and a first shuttle 318 are also disposed in the first charging chamber 311.
  • the first shuttle 318 is shuttled between the first charging chamber 311 and the first power exchange platform 301.
  • the first shuttle 318 is used to perform an operation of disassembling the battery and installing the battery to the vehicle 200 on the first power exchange platform 301.
  • a first front compartment 312 and a first rear compartment 313 are formed in the first charging chamber 311.
  • the first palletizer 317 is shuttled between the first front compartment 312 and the first rear compartment 313.
  • the shuttle 318 exchanges batteries with the first palletizer 317 in the first front compartment 312, the first rear compartment 313 is used to place the first battery rack 319, and the first palletizer 317 is used for picking up the first battery rack.
  • the first monitoring room 314 is disposed upstream of the first charging chamber 311, and the first monitoring device 316 is disposed in the first monitoring room 314.
  • the first monitoring room 314 is provided with a first operating room 315 for the operator to enter.
  • the first monitoring device 316 is electrically connected to the first shuttle 318, the first palletizer 317 and the battery rack for controlling the actions of the first shuttle 318, the first palletizer 317, and monitoring the charging of the first battery holder 319. situation.
  • the second full function container 330 is provided with a second charging chamber 331 and a second monitoring chamber 334.
  • the second charging chamber 331 is for storing the battery of the vehicle 200 and charging the battery of the vehicle 200.
  • a second palletizer 337 and a second shuttle 338 are also disposed in the second charging chamber 331.
  • the second shuttle 338 travels between the second charging chamber 331 and the second power exchange platform 302.
  • the second shuttle 338 is used to perform an operation of disassembling the battery and installing the battery to the vehicle 200 on the first power exchange platform 301.
  • a second front compartment 332 and a second rear compartment 333 are formed in the second charging chamber 331.
  • the second palletizer 337 is moved between the second front compartment 332 and the second rear compartment 333.
  • the shuttle 338 exchanges batteries with the second palletizer 337 in the second front compartment 332, the second rear compartment 333 is used to place the second battery rack 339, and the second palletizer 337 is used for picking up the second battery rack. Battery on 339.
  • the second monitoring room 334 is disposed upstream of the second charging chamber 331, and the second monitoring device 336 is disposed in the second monitoring room 334.
  • a second operating room 335 is provided in the second monitoring room 334 for the operator to enter.
  • the second monitoring device 336 is electrically connected to the second shuttle 338, the second palletizer 337 and the battery rack for controlling the actions of the second shuttle 338, the second palletizer 337 and monitoring the charging of the second battery rack 339. situation.
  • a third shuttle 303 is provided on the opposite side of the first shuttle 318 relative to the first palletizer 317 and the opposite side of the second shuttle 338 relative to the second palletizer 337.
  • the third shuttle 303 is connected between the first charging chamber 311 and the second power exchange platform 302 and is electrically connected to the first monitoring device 316 and the second monitoring device 336, and the third shuttle 303 is used for the second switching.
  • the vehicle 200 on the electric platform 302 performs an operation of disassembling the battery and installing the battery.
  • the second power exchange platform 302 adopts a normal power exchange process.
  • the power change process on the first power exchange platform 301 will be described below with reference to FIG.
  • Step S1 When the vehicle 200 does not enter the first power exchange platform 301, the first monitoring device 316 controls the first shuttle 318 to take out the fully charged battery from the first charging chamber 311 and stand by in the first charging chamber 311.
  • Step S2 After the vehicle 200 enters the first power-changing platform 301, the second monitoring device 336 controls the second shuttle 338 to enter the first power-changing platform 301 and remove the battery of the vehicle 200; the second shuttle 338 is disassembled. After the battery of the vehicle 200, the second monitoring device 336 controls the second shuttle 338 to transfer the battery of the vehicle 200 to the second charging chamber 331 for charging and to take out the fully charged battery from the second charging chamber 331 and in the second charging chamber 331 Stand by.
  • the first shuttle 318 may travel to one side of the vehicle 200 to stand by while the second shuttle 338 is being driven out of the bottom of the vehicle 200 from the other side of the vehicle 200.
  • a battery is mounted to the vehicle 200 from the side of the vehicle 200 into the bottom of the vehicle 200. This can further save time in replacing the battery.
  • Step S3 The first monitoring device 316 controls the first shuttle 318 to mount the fully charged battery to the vehicle 200 on the first power exchange platform 301; the first shuttle 318 installs the fully charged battery to the first power exchange platform After the vehicle 200 on 301, the first monitoring device 316 controls the first shuttle 318 to return to the first charging chamber 311 for standby.
  • Step S4 After the next vehicle 200 enters the first power-changing platform 301, the first monitoring device 316 controls the first shuttle 318 to enter the first power-changing platform 301 and remove the battery of the vehicle 200, in the first shuttle 318 After the battery of the vehicle 200 is removed, the first monitoring device 316 controls the first shuttle 318 to transfer the battery of the vehicle 200 to the first charging chamber 311 for charging and withdraw the fully charged battery from the first charging chamber 311 and at the first charging Stand in room 311.
  • the second shuttle 338 can travel to the other side of the vehicle 200 to stand by to allow the first shuttle 318 to exit the bottom of the vehicle 200 from one side of the vehicle 200.
  • the bottom of the vehicle 200 is driven into the bottom of the vehicle 200 to mount a battery for the vehicle 200.
  • Step S5 The second monitoring device 336 controls the second shuttle 338 to mount the fully charged battery to the vehicle 200 on the first power exchange platform 301, after the second shuttle 338 mounts the fully charged battery to the vehicle 200, The second monitoring device 336 controls the second shuttle 338 to return to the second charging chamber 331 for standby.
  • Step S6 Return to step S2.
  • the first monitoring device 316 and the second monitoring device 336 respectively control the devices in the first full-function container 310 and the second full-function container 330
  • the first monitoring device 316 also communicates by wireless or wired. Electrically coupled to the second monitoring device 336 to coordinate the instructions.
  • the first shuttle 318, the second shuttle 338, and the third shuttle 303 all adopt a cam mechanism instead of the conventional scissor structure, so that the initial height of the shuttle is low, and the power is avoided.
  • the provision of deeper pits on the platform reduces the overall height of the power exchange platform and reduces the construction cost of the power station 300.
  • the structure of the first shuttle 318 will be described below with reference to Figures 3-14.
  • the structures of the second shuttle 338 and the third shuttle 303 are substantially the same as those of the first shuttle 318 and will not be described again.
  • the first shuttle 318 includes a chassis 101, a lifting frame 106, a battery holding portion 130, a fixed portion 120 of the vehicle 200, and a jacking mechanism.
  • the chassis 101 is a four-frame structure, and the lifting frame 106 is disposed in the four-frame structure.
  • a cam 181 is connected to the inner side of the two opposite first side walls 102 of the chassis 101, and a guide portion 104 is disposed inside the second side wall 103 of the chassis 101 adjacent to the first side wall 102.
  • the lifting frame 106 is a plate-like structure, and the side of the lifting frame 106 is provided with a guiding groove 107 which extends in the horizontal direction.
  • the jacking mechanism connects the chassis 101 and the lifting frame 106 and lifts the lifting frame 106 relative to the chassis 101.
  • the cam 181 located above the drawing surface is not engaged with the lifting frame 106.
  • the jacking mechanism includes four cams 181 and a jacking drive unit 184 that are rotatably provided to the chassis 101 through the rotating shaft 105.
  • the first end 186 of the cam 181 is rotatably coupled to the lift frame 106, and the second end 187 of the cam 181 is rotatably coupled to the chassis 101.
  • the rotary shaft 105 is coupled to the jack drive unit 184.
  • the jacking drive unit 184 is a rotating electrical machine that is disposed on the chassis 101.
  • the jacking drive unit 184 drives the rotary shaft 105 to rotate by a pulley structure provided outside the chassis 101. Only the pulley 185 is illustrated in Figure 6, and the belt connecting the pulleys 185 is not illustrated.
  • the first end 186 of the cam 181 is provided with an insertion shaft 182 which is inserted into the guide groove 107 and is slidable in the guide groove 107.
  • the insertion shaft 182 is sleeved with a bearing 183 to reduce the frictional force when the insertion shaft 182 slides in the guide groove 107.
  • the second side wall 103 of the chassis 101 is provided with a vertically extending guide portion 104 for guiding the linear movement of the lifting frame 106 in the up and down direction.
  • the guide portion 104 is a vertically extending guide rail that cooperates with a slider provided on the lift frame 106 to guide the lift frame 106 to slide in the vertical direction.
  • the guiding portion may be in other forms, such as a vertically extending groove, the lifting frame is provided with a protrusion that cooperates with the groove, or the guiding portion is a slider and the lifting frame is provided with a guide rail to cooperate with it.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the fitting structure of the cam 181 of the present embodiment and the guide groove 107 of the lift frame 106. Under the combined action of the guiding portion 104 and the guiding groove 107, when the cam 181 is rotated, the lifting frame 106 can linearly move in the vertical direction without causing displacement in the horizontal direction.
  • the cam 181 can also be replaced by other linkage mechanisms.
  • the cam 181 is replaced by a rod.
  • the cam 181 can be replaced by an eccentric. When the eccentric is used, it can prevent the eccentric from getting stuck when it is rotated to the top dead center or bottom dead center.
  • Both the battery lift portion 130 and the vehicle 200 fixed portion 120 are slidably disposed in the lift frame 106 in the lateral direction (the direction indicated by the double-headed arrow X in FIG. 3).
  • the battery lift portion 130 and the vehicle 200 fixed portion 120 cooperate to realize loading and unloading of the battery of the vehicle 200.
  • the fixed portion 120 of the vehicle 200 includes a first moving frame 121 and an unlocking mechanism 123, and the unlocking mechanism 123 is disposed on the first moving frame 121.
  • the first fork 122 is also provided on both sides of the first motion frame 121, and the first fork 122 is used to fork the vehicle 200 to be fixed relative to the vehicle 200.
  • the unlocking mechanism 123 can unlock or lock the battery on the vehicle 200.
  • the battery lift portion 130 includes a second moving frame 131 and a tray 133 disposed above the second moving frame 131 and used to hold the battery, between the tray 133 and the second moving frame 131. Flexible connection.
  • a spring 135 is disposed between the tray 133 and the second moving frame 131.
  • the spring 135 is sleeved on a pin (not shown). One end of the pin is fixed to one of the tray 133 and the second moving frame 131. The length of the pin is shorter than the spring. The undeformed length of 135 is longer than the shortest contraction length of the spring 135, so that the second moving frame 131 elastically supports the tray 133.
  • the side of the tray 133 is provided with a second fork 134 for engaging the battery of the vehicle 200 to be fixed relative to the battery of the vehicle 200.
  • An inserting member 136 is disposed under the tray 133, and a "V" shaped insertion groove 132 is disposed above the second moving frame 131, and is inserted into the insertion groove 132 through the inserting member 136, and the tray 133 is fixed relative to the second moving frame 131, thereby When the second moving frame 131 moves laterally, the tray 133 can be moved.
  • a structure of a battery holding portion which is a two-layer structure is schematically shown.
  • the battery holding portion may also be a single-layered plate-like structure capable of laterally moving relative to the lifting frame and supporting the battery, and the second fork is directly disposed on the single-layered plate. On the structure.
  • the shuttle battery pack changing apparatus 100 further includes a horizontal traveling mechanism (not shown) provided on the horizontal traveling mechanism.
  • the chassis 101 can be fixedly attached to the horizontal running gear or simply placed on the horizontal running gear.
  • the horizontal running mechanism is used to drive the chassis to move horizontally on the pre-layed track.
  • the horizontal running mechanism may alternatively be a running mechanism that arbitrarily moves on a flat land or a ramp according to an external remote command.
  • the lifting frame 106 is disposed with a guide rail 150 in the lateral direction, and the lower surfaces of the first moving frame 121 and the second moving frame 131 are each provided with a guiding block 140 on which the guiding block 140 slides.
  • the first moving frame 121 and the second moving frame 131 share the same guide rail 150.
  • the lifting frame 106 is further provided with a first driving portion 160 for driving the first moving frame 121 to laterally move, and a second driving portion 170 for driving the second moving frame 131 laterally. motion.
  • the first moving frame 121 is disposed below the second moving frame 131, and the first moving frame 121 is connected to the first driving portion 160 through the connecting plate 124 to be driven by the first driving portion 160.
  • a guiding opening 125 is provided on the first moving frame 121 to expose the guiding block 140 that connects the second moving frame 131.
  • the second motion frame 131 is mounted above the first motion frame 121 but is not in contact with the first motion frame 121, and the lower surface of the second motion frame 131 is coupled to the second driving portion 170 to be driven by the second driving portion 170.
  • the first driving portion 160 and the second driving portion 170 each include a screw nut transmission mechanism and a rotating electric machine that drives the screw of the screw nut transmission mechanism, thereby realizing linear motion of the first moving frame 121 and the second moving frame 131.
  • the screw nut transmission mechanism and the rotary electric machine have been widely used in the prior art, and will not be described herein.
  • other devices such as a linear motor or the like can be employed as the first driving portion 160 and the second driving portion 170 by those skilled in the art.
  • the first driving unit 160, the second driving unit 170 and the jacking driving unit 184 are all controlled by a control unit, which may be a control device provided in the first shuttle 318, or may be applied to the first shuttle.
  • the first shuttle 318 first moves to the bottom of the vehicle 200.
  • the first driving portion 160 and the second driving portion 170 receive an instruction and cause the first moving frame 121 and the second moving frame 131 to first move laterally to a predetermined position, and then the jacking driving unit 184 receives the instruction and causes the lifting frame 106 to rise to a predetermined position.
  • the first fork 122 forks the lock base of the vehicle 200 for locking the battery pack
  • the second fork 134 forks the battery of the vehicle 200
  • the unlocking mechanism 123 unlocks the battery lock so that the battery is no longer locked to the vehicle 200.
  • the first moving frame 121 remains stationary, and the second moving frame 131 moves in a direction away from the first moving frame 121 to cause the battery to be detached from the vehicle 200, the battery is detached from the vehicle 200, and then falls onto the tray 133, and then the frame is lifted.
  • the 106 is moved down, with the battery moving down, and then the first shuttle 318 is driven away from the bottom of the vehicle 200 with the removed battery.
  • the first shuttle 318 moves to the bottom of the vehicle 200 with the fully charged battery, and the first driving portion 160 and the second driving portion 170 receive an instruction and cause the first moving frame 121 and the second movement.
  • the frame 131 is first moved laterally to a predetermined position, and the jacking drive unit 184 receives an instruction and causes the lift frame 106 to rise to a predetermined position, at which time the first fork 122 forks the lock base on the vehicle 200 for locking the battery pack, the second The fork 134 forks the fully charged battery, then, the first moving frame 121 remains stationary, and the second moving frame 131 moves toward the first moving frame 121 to fix the battery to the vehicle 200 and the unlocking mechanism 123 to the battery Locked onto the vehicle 200.
  • the power substation 300 includes a charging chamber (not shown), a power exchange platform 190, a lifting mechanism 191, and a first shuttle 318.
  • the lifting mechanism 191 is disposed on the power exchange platform 190 and is used to lift and lower the vehicle 200 on the power conversion platform 190.
  • the lifting mechanism 191 is generally a block for supporting the four wheels of the vehicle 200. In Fig. 15, the elevating mechanism 191 is in a raised state.
  • the first shuttle 318 can travel between the power exchange platform 190 and the charging chamber for transporting the fully charged battery 210 in the charging chamber to the vehicle 200 or transporting the battery 210 removed from the vehicle 200 to the charging chamber for charging. .
  • the lifting mechanism 191 lifts the vehicle 200 upward to The first shuttle 318 is allowed to smoothly enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle 200.
  • the first shuttle 318 Since the first shuttle 318 employs a cam mechanism, its own height is low (the total height of the device is 175 mm), the four cams 181 are lifted by 80 mm in synchronization, and the height of the floor of the vehicle 200 from the ground is generally 190 mm. After the vehicle 200 enters the power exchange platform 190, the first shuttle 318 can directly enter the bottom of the vehicle 200, and the first shuttle 318 lifts 80 mm to achieve locking or unlocking of the battery. After the battery is removed, the lift mechanism 191 raises the vehicle 200 by 200 mm to allow the first shuttle 318 to be removed from the bottom of the vehicle 200 with the battery.
  • the power exchange platform 190 of the power substation 300 does not need to be provided with deeper dimples to allow the first shuttle 318 to enter the bottom of the vehicle 200, thus the overall height of the power exchange platform 190
  • the height of the upper ramp 304 and the downhill 305 that enters the power exchange platform 190 can be reduced to 230 mm (the original height is 480 mm), and further, thereby reducing the difficulty of driving the vehicle 200.
  • the lengths of the upper ramp 304 and the lower ramp 305 are also correspondingly reduced, from the original 7345 mm, 4545 mm to 4500 mm, 3000 mm, thereby reducing the construction cost of the substation 300.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种换电站及其控制方法。该换电站包括：第一充电室和第二充电室；第一换电平台，第一换电平台位于第一充电室和第二充电室之间；第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车，二者分别往返于第一充电室、第二充电室和第一换电平台之间；以及控制单元，控制单元与第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车电连接，用于控制第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车进行如下操作：在对第一换电平台上的同一车辆进行操作时，若第一穿梭车执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的一个操作时，第二穿梭车执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的另一个操作。该换电站及其控制方法通过第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车的交替操作，缩短了车辆更换电池的等待时间，提高了换电站的电池更换效率。

Description

换电站及其控制方法
本申请要求申请日为2017年11月30日的中国专利申请CN201711240305.X的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换电站及其控制方法。
背景技术
目前，汽车尾气的排放仍然是环境污染问题的重要因素，为了治理汽车尾气，人们研制出了天然汽车、氢燃料汽车、太阳能汽车和电动汽车以替代燃油型汽车。而其中最具有应用前景的是电动汽车。
直充式目前主要使用在一些小型车，例如，出租车和家用轿车等。作为直充式的电动车，目前采用的是利用在地面建设的充电桩来堆车辆进行充电。可是充电桩不仅不便于管理，而且随着电动车日益普及，难以实现集中对电动车进行充电管理。
快换式目前主要应用于公交系统，通过快换站对电动公交车的车载动力电池进行快换，从而实现电动公交车的在线连续运营。但是，目前的快换站均存在电池更换时间长，更换效率低的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术换电站电池更换时间长效率低的缺陷，提供一种高效的换电站及其控制方法。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种换电站，其包括：
第一充电室和第二充电室，第一充电室和第二充电室均用于存放车辆的电池并为车辆的电池充电；
第一换电平台，第一换电平台位于第一充电室和第二充电室之间，第一换电平台用于更换车辆的电池；
第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车，第一穿梭车往返于第一充电室和第一换电平台之间，第二穿梭车往返于第二充电室和第一换电平台之间，第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车均用于对第一换电平台上的车辆执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作；以及
控制单元，控制单元与第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车电连接，控制单元用于控制第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车进行如下操作：在对第一换电平台上的同一车辆进行操作时，若第一穿梭车执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的一个操作时，第二穿梭车执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的另一个操作。
优选地，换电站还包括第二换电平台和第三穿梭车；
第二换电平台相对于第一充电室设于第一换电平台的相反侧；
第三穿梭车往返于第一充电室和第二换电平台之间并与控制单元电连接，第三穿梭车用于对第二换电平台上的车辆执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。
该换电站设置了多个换电通道(第二换电平台)，可同时实现多辆车的电池更换，减少了等待时长。
优选地，第一充电室和第二充电室内还分别内设有第一码垛机和第二码垛机，第一码垛机和第二码垛机均与控制单元电连接；
第一充电室内形成相互连通的第一前隔间和第一后隔间，第一码垛机往返于第一前隔间和第一后隔间之间，第一穿梭车在第一前隔间内与第一码垛机交换电池，第一后隔间用于放置第一电池架，第一码垛机用于取放第一电池架上的电池；
第二充电室内形成相互连通的第二前隔间和第二后隔间，第二码垛机往返于第二前隔间和第二后隔间之间，第二穿梭车在第二前隔间内与第二码垛机交换电池，第二后隔间用于放置第二电池架，第二码垛机用于取放第二电池架上的电池。
优选地，第一换电平台的在车辆驶入的方向上的上游和下游分别连接上坡道和下坡道。
优选地，换电站还包括第一监控室；
在车辆驶入第一换电平台的方向上，第一监控室设于第一充电室的上游，控制单元设置于第一监控室内。
优选地，换电站还包括第一监控室和第二监控室，
控制单元包括第一监控设备和第二监控设备，第一监控设备和第二监控设备分别设置于第一监控室内和第二监控室内；
第一监控设备用于控制第一穿梭车对第一换电平台上的车辆交替执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作；
第二监控设备用于控制第二穿梭车对第一换电平台上的车辆交替执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。
优选地，第一穿梭车包括：底盘、举升框架和顶升机构；
顶升机构连接底盘和举升框架并相对于底盘顶升举升框架，顶升机构包括一连杆，连杆的第一端可旋转地连接于举升框架，连杆的第二端可旋转地连接于底盘；
举升框架用于拆卸和安装车辆的电池。
优选地，连杆为凸轮。
一种控制方法，该控制方法应用于如上所述的换电站，控制方法包括以下步骤：
S1：在车辆未驶入第一换电平台时，控制单元控制第一穿梭车从第一充电室中取出充满电的电池并在第一充电室内待命；
S2：在车辆驶入第一换电平台之后，控制单元控制第二穿梭车驶入第一换电平台并拆下车辆的电池；
S3：控制单元控制第一穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到第一换电平台上的车辆。
优选地，在步骤S2中，在第二穿梭车拆卸车辆的电池之后，控制单元控制第二穿梭 车将车辆的电池转移到第二充电室进行充电并从第二充电室取出充满电的电池并在第二充电室内待命；
在步骤S3中，在第一穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到第一换电平台上的车辆之后，控制单元控制第一穿梭车回到第一充电室待命；
控制方法还包括如下步骤：
S4：在下一车辆驶入第一换电平台之后，控制单元控制第一穿梭车驶入第一换电平台并拆下车辆的电池，在第一穿梭车拆下车辆的电池之后，控制单元控制第一穿梭车将车辆的电池转移到第一充电室进行充电并从第一充电室取出充满电的电池并在第一充电室内待命；
S5：控制单元控制第二穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到第一换电平台上的车辆，在第二穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到车辆上之后，控制单元控制第二穿梭车回到第二充电室待命；
S6：返回步骤S2。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：该换电站及其控制方法通过第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车的交替操作，缩短了车辆更换电池的等待时间，提高了换电站的电池更换效率。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的优选实施例的换电站的平面结构示意图。图2为根据本发明的优选实施例的换电站的控制方法的流程示意图。图3为根据本发明的优选实施例的穿梭式电池包更换设备的立体结构示意图。图4为根据本发明的优选实施例的底盘的立体结构示意图。图5为根据本发明的优选实施例的举升框架的立体结构示意图。图6为根据本发明的优选实施例的穿梭式电池包更换设备的部分结构示意图，其中，电池托举部分和车辆固定部分被移除。图7为根据本发明的优选实施例的凸轮的立体结构示意图。图8为根据本发明的优选实施例的凸轮与举升框架的配合结构示意图。图9为根据本发明的优选实施例的车辆固定部分的立体结构示意图。图10为根据本发明的优选实施例的电池托举部分的立体结构示意图。图11为根据本发明的优选实施例的电池托举部分的另一立体结构示意图。图12为根据本发明的优选实施例的第二运动框架的立体结构示意图。图13为根据本发明的优选实施例的托盘的立体结构示意图。图14为根据本发明的优选实施例的穿梭式电池包更换设备的另一部分结构示意图，其中，电池托举部分被移除。图15为根据本发明的优选实施例的换电平台的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：底盘101；第一侧壁102；第二侧壁103；引导部104；旋转轴105；举升框架106；引导槽107；车辆固定部分120；第一运动框架121；第一叉122；解锁机构123；连接板124；引导开口125；电池托举部分130；第二运动框架131；插入槽132；托盘133；第二叉134；弹簧135；插入件136；引导块140；导轨150；第一驱动部160；第二驱动部170；凸轮181；插入轴182；轴承183；顶升驱动单元184；皮带轮185；第一端186；第二端187；换电平台190；升降机构191；车辆200；电池210；换电站300； 第一换电平台301；第二换电平台302；第三穿梭车303；上坡道304；下坡道305；第一全功能集装箱310；第一充电室311；第一前隔间312；第一后隔间313；第一监控室314；第一操作间315；第一监控设备316；第一码垛机317；第一穿梭车318；第一电池架319；第二全功能集装箱330；第二充电室331；第二前隔间332；第二后隔间333；第二监控室334；第二操作间335；第二监控设备336；第二码垛机337；第二穿梭车338；第二电池架339。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在的实施例范围之中。
如图1所示，换电站300包括：并排布置的第一全功能集装箱310和第二全功能集装箱330。第一全功能集装箱310和第二全功能集装箱330之间设置有第一换电平台301，而第一全功能集装箱310和第二全功能集装箱330的与第一换电平台301相反的一侧均设有一个第二换电平台302。车辆200可以在第一换电平台301和第二换电平台302上更换电池。第一换电平台301和第二换电平台302在车辆200驶入的方向上的上游和下游分别连接上坡道304和下坡道305。
第一全功能集装箱310设有第一充电室311和第一监控室314。
第一充电室311用于存放车辆200的电池并为车辆200的电池充电。第一充电室311内还设有第一码垛机317和第一穿梭车318。第一穿梭车318往返于第一充电室311和第一换电平台301之间。第一穿梭车318用于对第一换电平台301上的车辆200执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。第一充电室311内形成相互连通的第一前隔间312和第一后隔间313，第一码垛机317往返于第一前隔间312和第一后隔间313之间，第一穿梭车318在第一前隔间312内与第一码垛机317交换电池，第一后隔间313用于放置第一电池架319，第一码垛机317用于取放第一电池架319上的电池。
在车辆200驶入第一换电平台301的方向上，第一监控室314设于第一充电室311的上游，第一监控设备316设置于第一监控室314内。第一监控室314内除了设置有第一监控设备316还设有供操作者进入的第一操作间315。第一监控设备316电连接于第一穿梭车318、第一码垛机317和电池架，用于控制第一穿梭车318、第一码垛机317的动作和监控第一电池架319的充电状况。
第二全功能集装箱330设有第二充电室331和第二监控室334。
第二充电室331用于存放车辆200的电池并为车辆200的电池充电。第二充电室331内还设有第二码垛机337和第二穿梭车338。第二穿梭车338往返于第二充电室331和第二换电平台302之间。第二穿梭车338用于对第一换电平台301上的车辆200执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。第二充电室331内形成相互连通的第二前隔间332和第二后隔间333，第二码垛机337往返于第二前隔间332和第二后隔间333之间，第二穿梭车338在第二前隔间332内与第二码垛机337交换电池，第二后隔间333用于放置第二电 池架339，第二码垛机337用于取放第二电池架339上的电池。
在车辆200驶入第一换电平台301的方向上，第二监控室334设于第二充电室331的上游，第二监控设备336设置于第二监控室334内。第二监控室334内除了设置有第二监控设备336还设有供操作者进入的第二操作间335。第二监控设备336电连接于第二穿梭车338、第二码垛机337和电池架，用于控制第二穿梭车338、第二码垛机337的动作和监控第二电池架339的充电状况。
在第一穿梭车318相对于第一码垛机317的相反侧和第二穿梭车338相对于第二码垛机337的相反侧均设有一第三穿梭车303。第三穿梭车303往返于第一充电室311和第二换电平台302之间并分部与第一监控设备316和第二监控设备336电连接，第三穿梭车303用于对第二换电平台302上的车辆200执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。
在对第一换电平台301上的同一车辆200进行操作时，若第一穿梭车318执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的一个操作时，第二穿梭车338执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的另一个操作，并且第一穿梭车318和第二穿梭车338交替执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作，从而可以较快地对更换车辆200的电池。而第二换电平台302采用正常的换电流程。
以下根据图2描述第一换电平台301上的换电流程。
步骤S1：在车辆200未驶入第一换电平台301时，第一监控设备316控制第一穿梭车318从第一充电室311中取出充满电的电池并在第一充电室311内待命。
步骤S2：在车辆200驶入第一换电平台301之后，第二监控设备336控制第二穿梭车338驶入第一换电平台301并拆下车辆200的电池；在第二穿梭车338拆卸车辆200的电池之后，第二监控设备336控制第二穿梭车338将车辆200的电池转移到第二充电室331进行充电并从第二充电室331取出充满电的电池并在第二充电室331内待命。在第二穿梭车338拆卸车辆200的电池时，第一穿梭车318可以行驶到车辆200的一侧待命，以便在第二穿梭车338从车辆200的另一侧驶出车辆200的底部的同时，从车辆200的一侧驶入车辆200的底部为车辆200安装电池。这样可以进一步节省更换电池的时间。
步骤S3：第一监控设备316控制第一穿梭车318将充满电的电池安装到第一换电平台301上的车辆200；在第一穿梭车318将充满电的电池安装到第一换电平台301上的车辆200之后，第一监控设备316控制第一穿梭车318回到第一充电室311待命。
步骤S4：在下一车辆200驶入第一换电平台301之后，第一监控设备316控制第一穿梭车318驶入第一换电平台301并拆下车辆200的电池，在第一穿梭车318拆下车辆200的电池之后，第一监控设备316控制第一穿梭车318将车辆200的电池转移到第一充电室311进行充电并从第一充电室311取出充满电的电池并在第一充电室311内待命。在第一穿梭车318拆卸车辆200的电池时，第二穿梭车338可以行驶到车辆200的另一侧待命，以便在第一穿梭车318从车辆200的一侧驶出车辆200的底部的同时，从车辆200的另一侧驶入车辆200的底部为车辆200安装电池。
步骤S5：第二监控设备336控制第二穿梭车338将充满电的电池安装到第一换电平台301上的车辆200，在第二穿梭车338将充满电的电池安装到车辆200上之后，第二 监控设备336控制第二穿梭车338回到第二充电室331待命。
步骤S6：返回步骤S2。
在上述流程中，虽然第一监控设备316和第二监控设备336分别对第一全功能集装箱310和第二全功能集装箱330中的设备进行控制，但是第一监控设备316也通过无线或有线通信电连接于第二监控设备336以相互协调发出指令。
在本实施例中，第一穿梭车318、第二穿梭车338、第三穿梭车303均采用了凸轮机构而不是传统的剪式结构，这样穿梭车的初始高度较低，避免了在换电平台上设置较深的凹坑，降低了换电平台的总体高度且降低了换电站300的建造成本。
以下根据图3-14描述第一穿梭车318的结构。第二穿梭车338和第三穿梭车303的结构与第一穿梭车318的结构大致相同，不再赘述。
如图3所示，第一穿梭车318包括：底盘101、举升框架106、电池托举部分130、车辆200固定部分120和顶升机构。
如图4所示，底盘101为一四边框结构，举升框架106设于该四边框结构中。底盘101的两个相对的第一侧壁102的内侧连接有凸轮181，底盘101的与第一侧壁102相邻的第二侧壁103的内侧设置有引导部104。
如图5所示，举升框架106为一板状结构，举升框架106的侧边设置有引导槽107，引导槽107沿水平方向延伸。
如图6-8所示，顶升机构连接底盘101和举升框架106并相对于底盘101顶升举升框架106。在图6中，位于图面上方的凸轮181未与举升框架106接合。
顶升机构包括通过旋转轴105可旋转地设置于底盘101的四个凸轮181和顶升驱动单元184。凸轮181的第一端186可旋转地连接于举升框架106，凸轮181的第二端187可旋转地连接于底盘101。旋转轴105连接顶升驱动单元184。该顶升驱动单元184为一旋转电机，设置于底盘101上。顶升驱动单元184通过设于底盘101外侧的带轮结构带动旋转轴105旋转。在图6中仅示意了皮带轮185，未示意连接皮带轮185的皮带。
凸轮181的第一端186设有一插入轴182，插入轴182插入引导槽107中并能够在引导槽107中滑动。插入轴182套设一轴承183以减少插入轴182在引导槽107中滑动时的摩擦力。底盘101的第二侧壁103设有竖直延伸的引导部104，引导部104用于引导举升框架106在上下方向上直线运动。在本实施例中，引导部104为竖直延伸的导轨，该导轨与设于举升框架106上的滑块相配合，以引导举升框架106在竖直方向上滑动。可选择地，引导部也可以为其他形式，例如竖直延伸的凹槽，举升框架上设置与凹槽配合的突起，或者引导部为滑块而举升框架上设置导轨与其配合。
图8示意了本实施例的凸轮181与举升框架106的引导槽107的配合结构。在引导部104和引导槽107的共同作用下，当凸轮181转动时，举升框架106可以在竖直方向上直线运动而不会产生水平方向的位移。
在其他实施例中，凸轮181也可由其他连杆机构代替。可选择地，由杆状物代替凸轮181。优选地，可以由偏心轮代替凸轮181。当采用偏心轮时，可以避免偏心轮转动到 上止点或下止点时卡住。
电池托举部分130和车辆200固定部分120均可横向(图3中的双向箭头X所指示的方向)滑动地设置于举升框架106。电池托举部分130和车辆200固定部分120相互配合以实现车辆200的电池的装卸。
如图9所示，车辆200固定部分120包括第一运动框架121和解锁机构123，解锁机构123设于第一运动框架121上。第一运动框架121的两侧还分别设有第一叉122，该第一叉122用于叉住车辆200，以相对于车辆200固定。解锁机构123可以解锁或锁定车辆200上的电池。
如图10-11所示，电池托举部分130包括第二运动框架131和托盘133，托盘133设于第二运动框架131的上方并用于托住电池，托盘133和第二运动框架131之间弹性连接。
托盘133和第二运动框架131之间设有一弹簧135，弹簧135套设于一销钉(未示意)，销钉的一端固定于托盘133和第二运动框架131中的一个，销钉的长度短于弹簧135的未变形长度且长于弹簧135的最短收缩长度，从而第二运动框架131弹性地支撑托盘133。
如图12-13所示，托盘133的侧边设有第二叉134，该第二叉134用于叉住车辆200的电池，以相对于车辆200的电池固定。托盘133的下方设有一插入件136，第二运动框架131的上方设有“V”形插入槽132，通过插入件136插入插入槽132中，托盘133相对于第二运动框架131固定，从而当第二运动框架131横向移动时，可以带动托盘133运动。
在本实施例中，示意性地展示了电池托举部分的一种结构，该结构为双层结构。可选择地，电池托举部分也可以为一单层的板状结构，该单层的板状结构能够相对于举升框架横向移动并托住电池，第二叉直接设于该单层的板状结构上。
穿梭式电池包更换设备100还包括水平行走机构(图中未示意)，底盘101设于水平行走机构上。底盘101可以与该水平行走机构固定连接或仅仅只是放置于该水平行走机构上。该水平行走机构用于带动底盘在预先铺设的轨道上水平移动。当然，可选择地，该水平行走机构也可以是根据外部的遥控指令在平地或坡道进行任意移动的行走机构。
以下结合图6和14简要描述第一运动框架121和第二运动框架131相对于举升框架106的运动方式。
如图6所示，举升框架106在横向上布置有导轨150，第一运动框架121和第二运动框架131的下表面均设有引导块140，引导块140在该导轨150上滑动。第一运动框架121和第二运动框架131共用同一导轨150。举升框架106上还设置有第一驱动部160和第二驱动部170，第一驱动部160用于驱动第一运动框架121横向运动，第二驱动部170用于驱动第二运动框架131横向运动。
如图14所示，第一运动框架121设于第二运动框架131的下方，第一运动框架121通过连接板124与第一驱动部160连接以被第一驱动部160驱动。第一运动框架121上 设有引导开口125，以露出连接第二运动框架131的引导块140。第二运动框架131架设于第一运动框架121上方但不与第一运动框架121接触，并且第二运动框架131的下表面与第二驱动部170连接以被第二驱动部170驱动。第一驱动部160和第二驱动部170均包括丝杠螺母传动机构和带动该丝杠螺母传动机构的丝杠旋转的旋转电机，从而实现第一运动框架121和第二运动框架131的直线运动。丝杠螺母传动机构和旋转电机在现有技术中已有广泛的运用，在此不再赘述。当然，本领域的技术人员也可采用其他装置例如直线电机等作为第一驱动部160和第二驱动部170。
第一驱动部160、第二驱动部170和顶升驱动单元184均由一控制单元控制，该控制单元可以是设于该第一穿梭车318的控制设备，也可以是应用该第一穿梭车318的换电站300的总控制设备。
当需要拆卸车辆200的电池时，第一穿梭车318先移动到车辆200底部。第一驱动部160和第二驱动部170接收指令并使得第一运动框架121和第二运动框架131首先横向移动到预定位置，然后顶升驱动单元184接收指令并使得举升框架106上升到预定位置，此时第一叉122叉住车辆200上用于锁定电池包的锁基座，第二叉134叉住车辆200的电池，解锁机构123对电池锁解锁，使得电池不再锁定于车辆200，然后，第一运动框架121保持静止，而第二运动框架131朝向远离第一运动框架121的方向运动，以使得电池脱离车辆200，电池脱离车辆200后落到托盘133上，接着举升框架106下移，带着电池下移，然后，第一穿梭车318带着卸下的电池驶离车辆200的底部。
当需要安装车辆200的电池时，第一穿梭车318带着充满电的电池移动到车辆200底部，第一驱动部160和第二驱动部170接收指令并使得第一运动框架121和第二运动框架131首先横向移动到预定位置，顶升驱动单元184接收指令并使得举升框架106上升到预定位置，此时第一叉122叉住车辆200上用于锁定电池包的锁基座，第二叉134叉住充满电的电池，然后，第一运动框架121保持静止，而第二运动框架131朝向靠近第一运动框架121的方向运动，以使得电池固定到车辆200上并且解锁机构123将电池锁定到车辆200上。
如图15所示，换电站300包括：充电室(未示意)、换电平台190、升降机构191和第一穿梭车318。
升降机构191设于换电平台190上并用于升降换电平台190上的车辆200。升降机构191一般为用于支撑车辆200的四个车轮的墩子。在图15中，升降机构191处于升起状态。
第一穿梭车318能够往返于换电平台190和充电室之间，用于将充电室中充满电的电池210运送到车辆200或将车辆200上卸下的电池210运送到充电室中进行充电。
当第一穿梭车318上装载有电池210(无论是从车辆200上卸下的电池还是充满电的电池)，并需要从车辆200的底部进出时，升降机构191将车辆200向上举升，以允许第一穿梭车318顺利进出车辆200的底部。
由于该第一穿梭车318采用了凸轮机构，其自身高度较低(设备总高175mm)，4个 凸轮181同步举升80mm，而车辆200的底板离地面的高度一般为190mm。在车辆200进入换电平台190后，该第一穿梭车318可以直接进入车辆200底部，第一穿梭车318举升80mm，即可实现电池的锁紧或解锁。在卸下电池后，升降机构191将车辆200上升200mm，以允许第一穿梭车318带着电池从车辆200底部移出。
由于该第一穿梭车318的总体高度降低，换电站300的换电平台190不需要再设置较深的凹坑以允许第一穿梭车318进入车辆200底部，因此，换电平台190的总体高度降低，从而进入换电平台190的上坡道304和下坡道305的高度均可降低至230mm(原高度为480mm)，进一步，从而降低车辆200的驶入难度。上坡道304和下坡道305的长度也相应降低，从原先的7345mm、4545mm降低为4500mm、3000mm，从而降低了换电站300的建造成本。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式作出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种换电站，其特征在于，其包括：
    第一充电室和第二充电室，所述第一充电室和第二充电室均用于存放车辆的电池并为车辆的电池充电；
    第一换电平台，所述第一换电平台位于所述第一充电室和所述第二充电室之间，所述第一换电平台用于更换车辆的电池；
    第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车，所述第一穿梭车往返于所述第一充电室和所述第一换电平台之间，所述第二穿梭车往返于所述第二充电室和所述第一换电平台之间，所述第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车均用于对所述第一换电平台上的车辆执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作；以及
    控制单元，所述控制单元与所述第一穿梭车和第二穿梭车电连接，所述控制单元用于控制所述第一穿梭车和所述第二穿梭车进行如下操作：在对所述第一换电平台上的同一车辆进行操作时，若所述第一穿梭车执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的一个操作时，所述第二穿梭车执行拆卸电池和安装电池中的另一个操作。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括第二换电平台和第三穿梭车；所述第二换电平台相对于所述第一充电室设于所述第一换电平台的相反侧；所述第三穿梭车往返于所述第一充电室和所述第二换电平台之间并与所述控制单元电连接，所述第三穿梭车用于对所述第二换电平台上的车辆执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一充电室和第二充电室内还分别内设有第一码垛机和第二码垛机，所述第一码垛机和第二码垛机均与所述控制单元电连接；
    所述第一充电室内形成相互连通的第一前隔间和第一后隔间，所述第一码垛机往返于所述第一前隔间和第一后隔间之间，所述第一穿梭车在所述第一前隔间内与所述第一码垛机交换电池，所述第一后隔间用于放置第一电池架，所述第一码垛机用于取放所述第一电池架上的电池；
    所述第二充电室内形成相互连通的第二前隔间和第二后隔间，所述第二码垛机往返于所述第二前隔间和第二后隔间之间，所述第二穿梭车在所述第二前隔间内与所述第二码垛机交换电池，所述第二后隔间用于放置第二电池架，所述第二码垛机用于取放所述第二电池架上的电池。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中的至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一换电平台的在车辆驶入的方向上的上游和下游分别连接上坡道和下坡道。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中的至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括第一监控室；
    在车辆驶入所述第一换电平台的方向上，所述第一监控室设于所述第一充电室的上游，所述控制单元设置于所述第一监控室内。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中的至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述换电站还包括第 一监控室和第二监控室，
    所述控制单元包括第一监控设备和第二监控设备，所述第一监控设备和第二监控设备分别设置于所述第一监控室内和第二监控室内；
    所述第一监控设备用于控制所述第一穿梭车对所述第一换电平台上的车辆交替执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作；
    所述第二监控设备用于控制所述第二穿梭车对所述第一换电平台上的车辆交替执行拆卸电池和安装电池的操作。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中的至少一项所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述第一穿梭车包括：底盘、举升框架和顶升机构；
    所述顶升机构连接所述底盘和举升框架并相对于所述底盘顶升所述举升框架，所述顶升机构包括一连杆，所述连杆的第一端可旋转地连接于所述举升框架，所述连杆的第二端可旋转地连接于所述底盘；
    所述举升框架用于拆卸和安装车辆的电池。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的换电站，其特征在于，所述连杆为凸轮。
  9. 一种控制方法，其特征在于，所述控制方法应用于如权利要求1-8中的至少一项所述的换电站，所述控制方法包括以下步骤：
    S1：在车辆未驶入所述第一换电平台时，所述控制单元控制所述第一穿梭车从所述第一充电室中取出充满电的电池并在所述第一充电室内待命；
    S2：在车辆驶入所述第一换电平台之后，所述控制单元控制所述第二穿梭车驶入所述第一换电平台并拆下车辆的电池；
    S3：所述控制单元控制所述第一穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到所述第一换电平台上的车辆。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的控制方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2中，在所述第二穿梭车拆卸车辆的电池之后，所述控制单元控制所述第二穿梭车将车辆的电池转移到所述第二充电室进行充电并从所述第二充电室取出充满电的电池并在所述第二充电室内待命；
    在步骤S3中，在所述第一穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到所述第一换电平台上的车辆之后，所述控制单元控制所述第一穿梭车回到所述第一充电室待命；
    所述控制方法还包括如下步骤：
    S4：在下一车辆驶入所述第一换电平台之后，所述控制单元控制所述第一穿梭车驶入所述第一换电平台并拆下车辆的电池，在所述第一穿梭车拆下车辆的电池之后，所述控制单元控制所述第一穿梭车将车辆的电池转移到所述第一充电室进行充电并从所述第一充电室取出充满电的电池并在所述第一充电室内待命；
    S5：所述控制单元控制所述第二穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到所述第一换电平台上的车辆，在所述第二穿梭车将充满电的电池安装到车辆上之后，所述控制单元控制所述第二穿梭车回到所述第二充电室待命；
    S6：返回步骤S2。
PCT/CN2018/118558 2017-11-30 2018-11-30 换电站及其控制方法 WO2019105458A1 (zh)

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