Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
  • C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/69—Boron compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q3/00—Condition responsive control processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
  • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
  • C40B30/00—Methods of screening libraries
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
  • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
  • C40B30/00—Methods of screening libraries
  • C40B30/04—Methods of screening libraries by measuring the ability to specifically bind a target molecule, e.g. antibody-antigen binding, receptor-ligand binding
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
  • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
  • C40B30/00—Methods of screening libraries
  • C40B30/10—Methods of screening libraries by measuring physical properties, e.g. mass
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N24/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects
  • G01N24/08—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
  • G01N24/088—Assessment or manipulation of a chemical or biochemical reaction, e.g. verification whether a chemical reaction occurred or whether a ligand binds to a receptor in drug screening or assessing reaction kinetics
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
  • G01N33/542—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with steric inhibition or signal modification, e.g. fluorescent quenching
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/66—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving blood sugars, e.g. galactose
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
  • G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
  • G01N33/6827—Total protein determination, e.g. albumin in urine
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
  • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
  • G01N2333/76—Assays involving albumins other than in routine use for blocking surfaces or for anchoring haptens during immunisation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
  • G01N2800/04—Endocrine or metabolic disorders
  • G01N2800/042—Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, e.g. diabetes, glucose metabolism

Definitions

• TECHNICAL FIELD This invention relates to glucose-sensitive albumin-binding diboron conjugates.
• the invention provides novel diboron compounds, and in particular diboronate or diboroxole compounds, useful as intermediate compounds for the synthesis of diboron conjugates.
• Simple boronic acids have pKa values around 9, but since it is the boronate form that binds glucose the strongest (see Fig. 2), tuning of boronic acid pKa-values using electron-withdrawing groups can provide stronger glucose affinity at physiological pH 7.5.
• monoboronates bind glucose with Kd values in the range 10-50 millimolar, which does not match well with the physiological range for glucose fluctuations (usually 1-30 mM in diabetes patients).
• Diboronate selectivity for glucose over other polyols is a desirable property for in vivo use of the compounds.
• the bulk of diboronate literature focus on selectivity towards glucose over fructose, but millimolar blood concentrations of fructose never happen, not even after a fructose-rich meal.
• Blood lactate concentrations are in the low millimolar values at rest, but can increase to 10-20 mM during extreme exercise. Diboron compounds with selectivity for glucose over lactate therefore are advantageous for therapeutic use (Hansen, Hoeg-Jensen et al, Tetrahedron 67 (2011) 1334).
• the diboronic acids identified for developing optical glucose sensors typically lack a conjugation handle, and therefore are not particularly well suited for attachment to protein and peptide-based drugs.
• such therapeutics have roughly the same bioactivity at low and as well as high glucose blood values, and the use of such drugs can lead to very low blood glucose values, with a concomitant risk of hypoglycemia, which is a life-threatening condition.
• blood glucose lowering drugs are successfully used for the treatment of diabetes, such drugs are also capable of lowering blood glucose levels even in situations where the patients do not want glucose levels to change. This may in particular be the case when blood glucose is below the normal fasting value of approx. 5 mM glucose. Therefore it would be advantageous to equip diabetes-related peptide and protein drugs with a glucose- regulated bioactivity, e.g. a weaker glucose-lowering activity of insulin at low blood glucose values.
• diboronates and diboroxoles which diboron compounds bind glucose with Kd values in the low millimolar range (of approx. 0.2-5 mM), and which compounds have good selectivity for glucose over lactate.
• the diboron compounds of the invention contain a conjugation handle, e.g. a carboxy group, so they may be conjugated to diabetes-related protein and peptide- based drugs, e.g. via attachment to a (native or substituted/introduced) lysine residue or an N-terminal of the protein or peptide.
• the diboron compounds of the invention are capable of binding to human serum albumin (HSA), thus possessing a dual action, as this binding also is glucose- sensitive (the HSA-bound fraction of the diboron peptide is inactive due to blocking of the receptor binding sites on the peptide).
• HSA human serum albumin
• Albumin binding can in general prolong the in vivo half-life of peptides and protein-based drugs. The prolonged effect is achieved as the albumin bound fraction is protected from enzymatic degradation and kidney elimination, and only the free fraction is biological active, thus preventing receptor mediated clearance of the albumin bound fraction.
• HSA-binding of fatty acid-conjugated protein and peptide-based drugs is an established method for making the peptide/proteins long-acting in vivo.
• the invention provides novel diboron compounds represented by the general Formula I, as described herein.
• the invention provides novel diboron compounds of Formula la, and more particular of Formulas la, lb, Ic, Id, Ie, If, Ig, Ih, and Ii as described herein.
• the invention relates to the use of the diboron compounds as intermediates in the manufacture of diboron conjugates of the invention.
• the invention provides novel diboron conjugates represented by the general Formula , as described herein.
• Fig. 1 shows an illustration of glucose-sensitive albumin binding
• Fig. 2 shows how glucose is binding boronate, illustrated for the pyranose form
• Fig. 3 shows 19 F-NMR signals from the diboron compound of Example 3 in free form (0.1 mM), and upon treatment with albumin (HSA, 1 mM), or with glucose (50 mM) or with albumin (1 mM) + glucose (50 mM), thus illustrating glucose-sensitive albumin binding;
• Fig. 4 shows 19 F-NMR signals from the diboron compound of example 20 with and without albumin and glucose like Fig. 3;
• Fig. 5 shows 19 F-NMR signals from the diboron compound of example 25 in with and without albumin and glucose like Fig. 3;
• Fig. 6 shows 19 F-NMR signals from the diboron compound of example 26 in with and without albumin and glucose like Fig. 3.
• the invention provides diboron conjugates represented by the general Formula I'
• X' represents a linker of Formula la':
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula lb':
• n' represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents a covalent bond or a linker selected from the group consisting of
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ic':
• n' represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula Id':
• p' represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ie':
• X' represents a linker of Formula If :
• X' represents a linker of Formula Iq':
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ih': F F
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ii':
• D represents a drug substance
• R 1 ' and R 2 ' which may be identical or different, each represents a group of
• none, one or two Y' represents F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• one Y' represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to X' of
• D represents a drug substance.
• the drug substance D to be conjugated according to the invention may be selected from a number of protein and peptide-based drugs, and in particular insulin, GLP-1, and amylin, which are used in treatment of diabetes.
• the diboron conjugate of the invention may in particular be a compound according to the general Formula , wherein D represents insulin or an insulin analogue.
• the diboron compound of the invention is a compound according to the general Formula , wherein D represents GLP-1 or a GLP-1 analogue.
• the diboron compound of the invention is a compound according to the general Formula , wherein D represents amylin or an amylin analogue.
• the diboron compound of the invention may in particular be a compound according to the general Formula , wherein the diboron compound represented by the general Formula is conjugated to the drug substance D via a lysine (K) residue, which may be a native or an introduced lysine residue, or to an N-terminal of the drug substance.
• K lysine
• the diboron compound of the invention may in particular be a compound according to the general Formula , wherein the diboron compound is conjugated to the drug substance D via a native lysine (K) residue, or to an N-terminal of the drug substance.
• the diboron compound of the invention may in particular be a compound according to the general Formula , wherein the diboron compound is conjugated to the drug substance D via two or more (native and/or introduced) lysine residues, and/or one or two N-terminals of the drug substance.
• diboron compounds and in particular a diboronate or a diboroxole derivative, represented by Formula I:
• W represents a covalent bond towards R 1 or R 2 ;
• W represents OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue); or
• X represents a linker of Formula lb:
• n represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or
• X represents a linker of Formula Ic:
• n an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue); or
• n represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue); or
• X represents a linker of Formula Ie:
• X represents a linker of Formula If:
• X represents a linker of Formula Iq :
• X represents a linker of Formula Ih :
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue);and
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one to four Y represents H ;
• none, one or two Y represents F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to X of Formula I;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula la :
• W represents OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib: (Formula lib);
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula la;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula la as defined above, wherein W represents -OH .
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula la as defined above, wherein W represents -OH ;
• one of Y represents F or CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula la as defined above, wherein W represents -OH ;
• one of Y represents F
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula la as defined above, wherein W represents -OH ;
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula Ila;
• one of Y represents F
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula la as defined above, wherein W represents -OH ;
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula lib;
• one of Y represents F
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula lb:
• n represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or - NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula lb;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula lb as defined above, wherein m is 1 and W is -OH.
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ic:
• n an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Ic;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ic as defined above, wherein n is an integer in the range of 1 to 3 and W is -OH.
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ic as defined above, wherein n is 1, 2 or 3;
• W represents -OH ;
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula Ila or lib;
• one of Y represents F or CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ic as defined above, wherein n is 1, 2 or 3;
• W represents -OH ;
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula Ila;
• one of Y represents F
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ic as defined above, wherein n is 1 or 2;
• W represents -OH ;
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula lib;
• one of Y represents F or CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein wherein X represents a linker of Formula Id :
• p represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or - NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Id;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Id as defined above, wherein p is 2 and W is -OH.
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Id as defined above, wherein p represents 2;
• W represents -OH ;
• R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula lib;
• one of Y represents F or CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ie:
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Id as defined above, wherein W is -OH.
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ie as defined above, wherein, R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula Ila;
• W represents -OH ;
• one Y represents -COOH or -CONHCH 2 COOH
• one Y represents F or CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula If:
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ig :
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -(S0 2 )- of Formula Ig;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ig as defined above, wherein_ R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula Ila;
• one Y represents F, CF 3 or SF 5 ; and the remaining of Y represents H .
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ih :
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -(CF 2 )- of Formula Ih;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ih as defined above, wherein R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent a group of Formula Ila;
• one Y represents CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ii :
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing an L-gamma-Glu or a D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Ii;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X represents a linker of Formula Ii as defined above, wherein W is -OH.
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X is represented by Formula la, lb, Ic, Id, Ie, If, Ig, Ih, or Ii as defined above, and wherein R 1 and R 2 , which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila :
• one to four Y represents H ;
• none, one or two of Y represents F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or S0 2 CF 3 ;
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to X of Formula I;
• the diboron compound of the invention is represented by Formula I, wherein X is represented by Formula la, lb, Ic, Id, Ie, If, Ig, Ih, or Ii as defined above, and wherein R 1 and R 2 , which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula lib:
• one to four Y represents H ;
• Y represents F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , SF 5 , OCF 3 , S0 2 CH 3 and/or
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to X of Formula I;
• the diboron compound of the invention is selected from the group consisting of
• the invention provides novel diboron conjugates for use as medicaments, and in particular for use as medicaments for the treatment of metabolic disorders or conditions.
• the binding constant of the diboron compounds of the invention toward glucose is in the low millimolar range (with a Kd in the range of 0.2-5 mM), thus matching the physiological range of glucose fluctuations (1-30 mM), in particular the glucose range where protection against low blood sugar is desired (1-5 mM).
• diboroxole compounds are found to provide the best selectivity for glucose vs lactate (see Table 1), the diboronate compounds also hold potential, as blood lactate values do not fluctuate as much, or go as high as glucose values.
• the invention provides novel pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a diboron conjugate of the invention.
• the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a diboron conjugate of the invention and one or more excipients.
• novel diboron compounds for use as an intermediate compound in the manufacture of the novel diboron conjugates of the invention.
• the invention relates to the use of a diboron compound, and in particular a diboronate or a diboroxole compound represented by Formula I, as a starting material for the manufacture of the diboron conjugate of the invention.
• the diboron compounds of the invention may be prepared by conventional methods for chemical synthesis, e.g. those described in the working examples.
• the diboron compounds of the invention may subsequently be use as a starting material for the preparation of the diboron conjugates of the invention.
• the invention provides methods of treatment, prevention or alleviation of a metabolic disease or a disorder or a condition of a living animal body, which method comprises the step of administering to such a living animal body in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of the diboron conjugate of the invention.
• W represents -OH or -NHCH 2 COOH
• X represents a linker of Formula lb:
• R 3 represent -(CH 2 ) m COOH
• n represents an integer in the range 1-4;
• X represents a linker of Formula Ic:
• n an integer in the range 1-4;
• W represents -OH or -NHCH 2 COOH ; or wherein X represents a linker of Formula Id :
• n represents an integer in the range 1-4;
• X represents a linker of Formula Ie:
• X represents a linker of Formula If:
• X represents a linker of Formula Iq :
• X represents a linker of Formula Ih :
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of
• one to four Y represents H ;
• none, one or two of Y represents F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to X of la I;
• W represents -OH or -NHCH 2 COOH ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula la;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 3 represent -(CH 2 ) m COOH
• m represents an integer in the range 1-4;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the X of Formula lb;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• n an integer in the range 1-4;
• W represents -OH or -NHCH 2 COOH ; and R 1 and R 2 , which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Ic;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• X represents a linker of Formula Id :
• — represents a covalent bond towards R 1 or R 2 ;
• m represents an integer in the range 1-4;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Id;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -CO- of Formula Ie;
• one Y represents -COOH or -CONHCH 2 COOH
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -SO- of Formula If;
• one Y represents -COOH or -CONHCH 2 COOH
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -(S0 2 )- of Formula Ig;
• one Y represents -COOH or -CONHCH 2 COOH
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -(CF 2 )- X of Formula Ih;
• one Y represents -COOH or -CONHCH 2 COOH
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• a diboron compound selected from the group consisting of
• a method of treatment, prevention or alleviation of a metabolic disease or a disorder or a condition of a living animal body comprises the step of administering to such a living animal body in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of the diboron conjugate of embodiment 1.
• X' represents a linker of Formula la':
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula lb':
• n' represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents a covalent bond or a linker selected from the group consisting of
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ic':
• n' represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents a covalent bond or a linker selected from the group consisting of
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula Id':
• p' represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• D represents a drug substance
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ie':
• X' represents a linker of Formula If :
• X' represents a linker of Formula Iq':
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ih':
• X' represents a linker of Formula Ii':
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 ' and R 2 ' which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula ' or Formula lib':
• none, one or two Y' represents F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• D represents a drug substance
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue); or
• X represents a linker of Formula lb:
• n represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents OH, NHCH 2 COOH; NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH; NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH; or NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue); or
• X represents a linker of Formula Ic:
• n an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue); or wherein X represents a linker of Formula Id :
• p represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or
• X represents a linker of Formula Ie: (Formula Ie)
• X represents a linker of Formula Iq :
• X represents a linker of Formula Ih :
• X represents a linker of Formula Ii :
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one to four Y represents H ;
• none, one or two of Y represents F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to X of Formula I;
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• n represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents OH, NHCH 2 COOH; NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH; NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH; or NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula lb;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• n an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Ic;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 4 represents a covalent bond towards R 1 or R 2 ;
• p represents an integer in the range of 1 to 4.
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Id;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -SO- of Formula If;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 or R 2 represents a covalent bond towards R 1 or R 2 ; and R 1 and R 2 , which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -(S0 2 )- of Formula Ig;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker -(CF 2 )- of Formula Ih;
• W represents -OH, -NHCH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 COOH, -NHCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COOH, or -NHCH(COOH)CH 2 CH 2 COOH (the latter representing a L-gamma-Glu or D-gamma-Glu residue);
• R 1 and R 2 which may be identical or different, each represents a group of Formula Ila or lib:
• one Y represents (a covalent bond representing) the attachment point to the linker X of Formula Ii;
• none, one or two of Y represent F, CI, CF 2 , CF 3 , and/or SF 5 ;
• the diboron compound of any one of embodiments 15-26 for use as an intermediate compounds for the manufacture of the diboron conjugate according to embodiment 15. 29.
• a method of treatment, prevention or alleviation of a metabolic disease or a disorder or a condition of a living animal body which method comprises the step of administering to such a living animal body in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of the diboron conjugate of anyone of embodiments 15-26.
• Benzoate (7, 20.9 g, 68.5 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane (220 mL) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (280 mL) and heated for 2 hours to reflux. After cooling down to room temperature, a flow of air was passed through the solution. Product began to precipitate. After 1 hour, the solvent was evaporated and product was recrystallized from methanol/diethyl ether mixture affording 3,5-bis(aminomethyl) benzoic acid dihydrochloride 8 as white powder.
• 3,5-Bis(aminomethyl)benzoic acid dihydrochloride (3, 152 mg, 0.60 mmol) was dissolved in water (2 mL). Subsequently /V,/V-diisopropylethylamine (0.04 mL, 0.24 mmol), /V,/V-dimethylformamide (4 mL) and 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-l-yl 2-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (2, 0.44 g, 1.20 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature; then solvent was evaporated.
• A/,A/'-bis(4-borono-3-fluorobenzamido)-A/-ethyl-glycine amide was prepared similar to the compound of Example 5 from 4-borono-3-fluorobenzoic acid.
• Butyllithium (2.35 M in hexane, 53.0 ml, 125 mmol) was drop-wise added to an nitrogen purged solution of 2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (17.7 g, 125 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) over 20 minutes maintaining internal temperature below -35°C.
• a solution of 2-fluoro-4-methylbenzonitrile (1, 15.0 g, 111 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was drop-wise added to the above mixture at a rate keeping internal temperature below -70°C. Then the mixture was warmed up to -50°C for 45 minutes.
• Acetyl chloride (4.90 ml_, 68.7 mmol) was drop-wise added to a stirred suspension of 2-fluoro-3-iodo-4-methylbenzoic acid (3, 19.1 g, 68.3 mmol) in dry methanol (75 ml_) at 0°C. The mixture was refluxed for 9 hours. The volatiles were removed by evaporation under reduced pressure and the residue was treated with ethyl acetate (100 ml_) and saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (100 ml_). The mixture was filtered through a cotton plug (200 ml ethyl acetate washing).
• dichloromethane 9 1) to provide methyl 2-fluoro-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (6).
• Aqueous layer was separated and another portion of 12% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (50 mL) was added to the organic layer and the reaction mixture was stirred for another 30 minutes at room temperature. Combined aqueous layers were then acidified with 1 M aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid to pH ⁇ 1 and allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 20 hours. Precipitate was filtered to provide 7-fluoro-l- hydroxy-l,3-dihydrobenzo[c] [ l,2]oxaborole-6-carboxylic acid (7) as beige solid.
• tert-butyl (2- aminoethyl)glycinate hydrochloride (2, 0.09 g, 0.36 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at room temperature and the reaction was stirred for 18 hours. Volatiles were then evaporated under reduced pressure and concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL) was added. Reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 2 hours. Then saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate was added to adjust neutral pH .
• Isolated compound 3 was then purified by preparative HPLC (Column X-Select, C18, 15 ⁇ ; 30 x 150 mm;
• A/-(4-Fluoro-l-hydroxy-l,3-dihydrobenzo[c] [ l,2]oxaborole-6-carbonyl)-A/-(2-(4- fluoro-l-hydroxy-l,3-dihydrobenzo[c] [ l,2]oxaborole-6-carboxamido)ethyl)glycine was synthesized according to the reaction schemes shown in Chem. 8 and Chem. 9 and following the procedure described below.
• Methyl 3-bromo-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoate (3, 51.9 g, 210 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (400 mL), anhydrous potassium acetate (65.3 g, 666 mmol) and bis(pinacolato)diboron (4, 75.1 g, 296 mmol) was added at room temperature and this mixture was degassed.
• l,l'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] dichloropalladium(II) (1.88 g, 2.57 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to 75°C in an argon atmosphere for 40 hours.
• Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 0.86 g, 5.20 mmol) and /V-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 25.4 g, 143 mmol) were added to a solution of methyl 3-fluoro-4-methyl-5- (4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (5, 40.0 g, 136 mmol) in 1,2- dichloroethane (200 mL). The mixture was refluxed overnight. Reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with dichloromethane (500 mL) and extracted with water (2 x 500 mL).

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