WO2019080190A1 - 铝硅酸盐玻璃及其制备方法、电子设备 - Google Patents
铝硅酸盐玻璃及其制备方法、电子设备Info
- Publication number
- WO2019080190A1 WO2019080190A1 PCT/CN2017/110504 CN2017110504W WO2019080190A1 WO 2019080190 A1 WO2019080190 A1 WO 2019080190A1 CN 2017110504 W CN2017110504 W CN 2017110504W WO 2019080190 A1 WO2019080190 A1 WO 2019080190A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- ion exchange
- molten salt
- mass
- potassium nitrate
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/097—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing phosphorus, niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
Definitions
- the invention relates to aluminosilicate glass, and further to an aluminosilicate glass, and a process for the preparation of the aluminosilicate glass, and to a glass plate of the aluminosilicate glass material.
- the temperature and time of ion exchange are 390 ° C ⁇ 450 ° C and 2 h ⁇ 5 h, respectively, the surface compressive stress CS can reach 650 MPa ⁇ 800 MPa, compressive stress layer
- the depth DOL reaches 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, which satisfies the general use requirements, and prevents the screen from being broken when the drop height is not too high.
- the performance of the above products does not meet the requirements of the 3D cover plate, and these products will face the problem of being eliminated when the 3D cover plate enters a rapid development stage.
- AMOLED Active Matrix/Organic Light Emitting Diode
- the strengthening method of the mainstream of high-alumina glass is a one-step method.
- the ion exchange time needs to be long, but after such a long period of ion exchange, stress relaxation, CS value occurs. decline. That is, the glass subjected to ion exchange by one method cannot make the DOL exceed 70 ⁇ m when the CS reaches 720 MPa or more.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to propose an aluminosilicate glass, a preparation method, and an electronic device to solve at least some of the technical problems described above.
- an aluminosilicate glass in mass percent, comprising:
- the P 2 O 5 is present in an amount of from 1% to 5% by mass.
- Li 2 O is also included in mass percent.
- the Li 2 O content is from 0.5% to 3% by mass.
- greater than 0% and less than or equal to 4% ZnO is also included in mass percent.
- the ZnO is present in an amount of from 1% to 3% by mass.
- a method for preparing an aluminosilicate glass comprising:
- Chemically strengthening the shaped glass including:
- the mass percentage of potassium nitrate in the second mixed molten salt is greater than the mass percentage of potassium nitrate in the first mixed molten salt.
- the first mixed molten mass percentage containing 5% to 15% NaNO 3 and 85% to 95% KNO 3.
- the second mixing molten mass percentage comprising greater than zero but less than 0.2% NaNO 3, and 99.8% to 100% KNO 3.
- the ion exchange temperature is 420 ° C to 480 ° C
- the ion exchange time is 300 min to 600 min.
- the ion exchange temperature is between 400 ° C and 440 ° C when the second mixed molten salt containing sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate or the potassium nitrate molten salt is used for ion exchange with the shaped glass; ion exchanged
- the time is from 10 min to 30 min.
- the shaped glass is a block shaped flat glass.
- an electronic device comprising a cover glass and/or a glass patch, wherein the glass cover or the material of the glass patch comprises the aluminum of any of the above Silicate glass.
- the glass of the present disclosure has a special composition such that it is suitable for the special strengthening process employed in the present disclosure, and its ability to resist stress relaxation is improved;
- the present disclosure employs a specially optimized two-step ion exchange process in which the first step employs a mixed molten salt containing a certain amount of sodium nitrate to obtain a higher DOL.
- the second step using a relatively pure potassium nitrate molten salt to increase its CS value, a higher ion exchange rate can be maintained in this step to shorten the time;
- the ion exchange process of the first step of the present disclosure takes longer than the ion exchange time of the first two steps, and can further increase the CS value and maintain a high ion exchange rate.
- an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an aluminosilicate glass, which comprises, by mass percent, 55% to 65% SiO 2 , 12% to 24% Al 2 O 3 , 12% ⁇ 20% Na 2 O, 0.1% to 6% K 2 O, 2% to 7% MgO, and 0.01% to 1.5% ZrO 2 .
- the ability to resist stress relaxation is enhanced by a special optimization of the composition of the glass.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a special two-step ion exchange process that is compatible therewith.
- the DOL value is 720 MPa or more
- the CS value is 70 ⁇ m or more
- the performance of the glass is required.
- Silica is an essential component for forming a glass skeleton, and it has an effect of improving the strength and chemical stability of the glass, but increases the viscosity of the glass.
- the mass percentage of SiO 2 is preferably 55% to 65%. If the mass percentage of SiO 2 is less than 55%, the strength and weather resistance of the glass are insufficient; if it exceeds 65%, the glass becomes refractory.
- Alumina can greatly improve the ion exchange capacity of glass, and is an essential component, and at the same time, it can improve the weather resistance of glass, and its mass fraction is preferably 12% to 24%. If the mass percentage thereof is less than 12%, the ion exchange capacity of the glass is insufficient to satisfy the requirements of the examples of the present disclosure; if it is higher than 24%, the meltability of the glass is remarkably deteriorated.
- phosphorus pentoxide may be added to the aluminosilicate glass, and the phosphorus pentoxide (P 2 O 5 ) may form a larger space than the aluminoxy tetrahedron when forming a glass network, and thus Significantly increase the ability of ion exchange.
- the internal void formed can prevent clogging during the first ion exchange, so that the glass can be more suitable for the two-step ion exchange provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure (where the first ion exchange time is longer, easy It creates a blockage) and at the same time it reduces the viscosity of the glass.
- the content of the P 2 O 5 is from 1% to 5%.
- lithium oxide may be added to the aluminosilicate glass.
- Lithium oxide (Li 2 O) is a good fluxing effect, which significantly reduces the viscosity of the glass, and it also increases the CS value of the glass.
- lithium ions (Li + ) provided by lithium oxide can be exchanged with sodium ions (Na + ) in the molten salt to supplement sodium ions in the glass, thereby maintaining the glass and melting.
- the difference in sodium ion concentration of the salt ensures the exchange rate of ion exchange, and since the radius of the sodium ion is larger than the radius of the lithium ion, the exchange process itself can also produce a congestion effect and obtain a higher CS value.
- lithium oxide is detrimental to the improvement of the DOL of the glass, its mass percentage in the glass is at most 4%.
- a suitable amount of lithium oxide helps to increase the CS value of the glass, thanks to the special strengthening process of the embodiment of the present disclosure, even if the glass does not contain lithium oxide, the CS value can still be achieved after strengthening, that is, oxidation.
- Lithium is not required. More preferably, the content of Li 2 O is from 0.5% to 3%.
- Sodium oxide (Na 2 O) can be an essential component for ion exchange, and it can also significantly improve the meltability of the glass.
- the mass percentage thereof is preferably from 12% to 20%. If the mass percentage is less than 12%, the meltability of the glass is poor; if it is higher than 20%, the weather resistance of the glass is deteriorated.
- Potassium oxide enhances the meltability of the glass, and at the same time, it forms a mixed alkali effect with Li 2 O and Na 2 O, and improves the performance of the glass, and is therefore an essential component.
- the mass percentage thereof is preferably from 0.1% to 6%. If the mass percentage is less than 0.1%, the effect is not reflected and the raw material cost is increased; if it is higher than 6%, the weather resistance of the glass is deteriorated.
- Magnesium oxide (MgO) can reduce the viscosity of glass at high temperature and promote the melting and clarification of glass. It is an essential component and can replace calcium oxide (CaO) which has an inhibitory effect on ion exchange.
- the mass fraction is preferably 2%-7. %. If the mass percentage of MgO is less than 2%, the viscosity of the glass is too large to be melted; if it is higher than 7%, the glass is easily devitrified, and at the same time, the material properties of the glass are too short, which is disadvantageous for molding.
- zinc oxide may be added to the aluminosilicate glass, and the zinc oxide (ZnO) can reduce the viscosity of the glass while improving the corrosion resistance of the glass.
- the glass of the embodiment of the present disclosure is mainly used for a cover sheet, it may be touched by a plurality of people, and thus there is a certain health hazard.
- Zinc ion (Zn 2+ ) has a certain antibacterial ability, and the introduction of zinc oxide into the glass can obtain a certain antibacterial ability of the glass. Although the antibacterial ability of Zn 2+ is weak relative to Ag + or the like, it does not color the glass.
- the content of ZnO is from 1% to 3%.
- ZrO 2 Zirconium oxide
- the mass percentage of ZrO 2 in the examples of the present disclosure is preferably from 0.01% to 1.5%.
- the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a corresponding chemical strengthening process design for the glass having the above composition, and provide an ion exchange process using a two-step process.
- the first mixed molten salt of potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) and sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ) is used in the first step of ion exchange, and the first mixed molten salt may contain 5% to 15% by mass. NaNO 3 and 85% to 95% KNO 3 . If the mass percentage of NaNO 3 is less than 5%, the ion exchange rate is too fast, clogging is likely to occur, and even the second step ion exchange has a negative effect; if it is higher than 15%, the ion exchange rate is seriously reduced, resulting in the required time. Too long.
- the temperature of the ion exchange is preferably 420 ° C to 480 ° C.
- the ion exchange time is preferably from 300 min to 600 min. Since the ion exchange rate is adjusted, if the ion exchange time is less than 300 min, the ion exchange degree is insufficient, and the CS and DOL values cannot be expected. If the ion exchange time is higher than 600 min, stress relaxation occurs.
- the molten salt used in the second step of ion exchange may be a potassium nitrate molten salt or a second mixed molten salt of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
- a potassium nitrate molten salt or a second mixed molten salt of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate.
- mass percentage it contains 0% to 0.2% of NaNO 3 and 99.8. % to 100% of KNO 3 .
- the second step of ion exchange should use potassium nitrate molten salt with the highest purity as possible, while avoiding NaNO 3 as much as possible. If it is contained, its mass percentage should not be higher than 0.5%, otherwise the ion exchange rate will decrease, and sodium nitrate will be used at this time.
- the molten salt is a second mixed molten salt, wherein the mass percentage of potassium nitrate in the second mixed molten salt is greater than the mass percentage of potassium nitrate in the first mixed molten salt.
- the ion exchange temperature is preferably from 400 ° C to 440 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 400 ° C, the ion exchange rate is insufficient. When the temperature is higher than 440 ° C, stress relaxation is likely to occur and CS is lowered.
- the time of ion exchange is preferably from 10 min to 30 min. If the ion exchange time is less than 10 min, the degree of ion exchange is insufficient, and the CS value of the glass and the antibacterial function cannot be expected. If the ion exchange time is higher than 30 min, stress relaxation occurs and CS decreases.
- the final CS (MPa) and DOL ( ⁇ m) values of the glass can be estimated using the following formula:
- T 1 , t 1 , and c 1 are respectively the temperature (° C.) of the first-stage ion exchange, the time (min), and the mass percentage (wt%) of NaNO 3 in the mixed molten salt;
- T 2 and t 2 are respectively the temperature (° C.) and time (min) of the second step of ion exchange;
- ⁇ and ⁇ are the depth coefficients and stress coefficients associated with the composition, respectively, which are determined by:
- the errors of CS and DOL are estimated to be within ⁇ 20 MPa and ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, respectively, using the previous equations.
- the enhanced CS and DOL values can be estimated by an empirical formula according to the composition and the ion exchange process parameters, so that when a new glass product having a different composition is obtained, It can roughly determine the range of enhanced process parameters required to achieve the specified performance, reducing unnecessary attempts and improving efficiency. Or when the existing strengthening process is not easy to change, it can be judged by the formula whether the composition of the original glass sheet satisfies the requirements, thereby preliminary screening.
- the glass was subjected to two-step ion exchange. After it was cooled, it was washed with an ultrasonic cleaner for 1 hour to wash away the molten salt remaining on the glass surface, and dried for testing.
- the ion-exchanged glass was tested by CS and DOL, and the instrument used was FSM-6000LE birefringence stress meter.
- the light source used in the test was sodium light with a wavelength of 589.3 nm, and the selected photoelastic coefficient was 28.5 (nm/cm). ) / Mpa, the refractive index is 1.51.
- the glass CS of the embodiments of the present disclosure is higher than 720 MPa, and the DOL is higher than 70 ⁇ m, meeting the requirements of the 3D cover.
- Comparative Example 1 is a typical soda lime glass. It can be seen that its ion exchange capacity is seriously insufficient. After ion exchange, CS is less than 600 MPa, while DOL is less than 20 ⁇ m. Comparative Example 2 is medium-aluminum glass with an alumina mass fraction of 6% and an improved ion exchange capacity, but there is still a large gap compared to high-alumina glass. Its CS and DOL are 610.1 MPa and 47.12 ⁇ m, respectively.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are high alumina glass whose alumina content meets the requirements, but stress relaxation occurs due to other components not meeting the requirements.
- the ion exchange time of Comparative Example 3 is shorter, so CS reaches 800 MPa or more, but the corresponding DOL is less than 70 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 4 extended the ion exchange time, and its DOL reached 75 ⁇ m or more, but CS decreased to 600 MPa or less.
- Comparative Example 5 The glass composition of Comparative Example 5 was consistent with the examples of the present disclosure, but since the strengthening process did not meet the requirements of the embodiments of the present disclosure, its CS and DOL still did not meet the requirements, respectively 650.5 MPa and 61.24 ⁇ m.
- an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device including a glass cover plate and/or a glass patch, and the material of the glass cover plate or the glass patch includes the aluminosilicate glass described above.
- the electronic device herein can be a device known in the art with a touch screen, including but not limited to a cell phone, a notebook, a display, a digital camera, a camera, a calculator, and an electronic terminal with a touch screen.
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Abstract
一种铝硅酸盐玻璃及其制备方法,以及电子设备。其中,对于铝硅酸盐玻璃,以质量百分数计,包含:55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O 3,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,以及0.01%~1.5%的ZrO2。通过对玻璃的组成进行了特殊优化,增强了其抵抗应力松弛的能力。
Description
发明涉及铝硅酸盐玻璃,进一步涉及一种铝硅酸盐玻璃,以及该铝硅酸盐玻璃的制备方法,还涉及该铝硅酸盐玻璃材料的玻璃板。
随着智能手机已经普及,各种触摸屏设备也得到了广泛的应用,相应的,对用于这些设备的玻璃也提出了更高的要求,例如更高的表面压应力(CS)与压应力层深度(DOL)值,更好的耐刮擦性能,更低的热膨胀系数以及更好的化学稳定性等。普通的钠钙玻璃不满足上述要求,即使对钠钙玻璃进行化学强化,由于其离子交换能力较低,经强化后其性能仍达不到要求。为了解决上述问题,在保护盖板以及手机贴片的材料方面选择了离子交换能力较强的高铝玻璃,通常其氧化铝含量在12%以上,本身的强度比钠钙玻璃高。对高铝玻璃进行一步法离子交换,采用纯硝酸钾熔盐,离子交换的温度和时间分别为390℃~450℃和2h~5h,强化后表面压应力CS能达到650MPa~800MPa,压应力层深度DOL达到20μm~50μm,满足一般的使用要求,且当跌落高度不太高时,可防止屏幕破裂。但是,以上产品的性能并不满足3D盖板的要求,在3D盖板进入迅猛发展的阶段,这些产品将面临被淘汰的问题。
另外,近年3D盖板的需求大幅上升。三星向国内一线手机厂商提供AMOLED(Active Matrix/Organic light Emitting Diode有源矩阵有机发光二极体)屏,AMOLED屏将成为国内手机厂商抢占高端市场的差异化选择。苹果采用柔性AMOLED屏,这将刺激3D玻璃盖板的需求。
目前高铝玻璃主流的强化方法为一步法,通常,如果要达到较高的DOL值,则离子交换时间需要很长,但是,在经过如此长时间的离子交换后,会出现应力松弛,CS值下降。即,通过一部法离子交换的玻璃无法在CS达到720MPa以上的情况下使DOL超过70μm。
现有的离子交换工艺均是在大量试生产实践中摸索出的,将花费大量人力和财力,且难以获得最优的强化性能。随着3D盖板等概念的逐渐流行,对玻璃的性能
要求会越来越高,很可能需要对玻璃的组成进行调整,这样原来确定的强化工艺就不再适用,需重新进行实验,这会耗费较长的时间。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本公开的目的在于提出一种铝硅酸盐玻璃、制备方法和电子设备,以解决以上所述的至少部分技术问题。
根据本公开的一方面,提供一种铝硅酸盐玻璃,以质量百分数计,包含:
55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O3,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,以及0.01%~1.5%的ZrO2。
在进一步的实施方案中,以质量百分数计,还包括大于0%且小于等于7%的P2O5。
在进一步的实施方案中,以质量百分数计,所述P2O5的含量为1%~5%。
在进一步的实施方案中,以质量百分数计,还包括大于0%且小于等于4%的Li2O。
在进一步的实施方案中,以质量百分数计,所述Li2O的含量为0.5%~3%。
在进一步的实施方案中,以质量百分数计,还包括大于0%且小于等于4%的ZnO。
在进一步的实施方案中,以质量百分数计,所述ZnO的含量为1%~3%。
根据本公开的又一方面,提供一种铝硅酸盐玻璃的制备方法,包括:
以质量百分数计,称量含55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O3,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,以及0.01%~1.5%组成的配合料,配合料进行混合后,经高温熔制和浇注成型,再经退火后加工为成形玻璃;
对所述成形玻璃进行化学强化,包括:
采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第一混合熔盐与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换;以及
采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第二混合熔盐或者硝酸钾熔盐继续与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换;
其中所述第二混合熔盐中的硝酸钾质量百分数大于第一混合熔盐中的硝酸钾质量百分数。
在进一步的实施方案中,所述第一混合熔盐以质量百分数计,包含5%~15%的NaNO3以及85%~95%的KNO3。
在进一步的实施方案中,所述第二混合熔盐以质量百分数计,包含大于0且小于等于0.2%的NaNO3以及99.8%~100%的KNO3。
在进一步的实施方案中,采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第一混合熔盐与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换时,离子交换的温度为420℃~480℃,离子交换的时间为300min~600min。
在进一步的实施方案中,采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第二混合熔盐或者硝酸钾熔盐继续与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换时,离子交换的温度为400℃~440℃;离子交换的时间为10min~30min。
在进一步的实施方案中,所述成形玻璃为块状平板玻璃。
根据本公开的再一方面,提供一种电子设备,包括玻璃盖板和/或玻璃贴片,其特征在于,所述玻璃盖板或所述玻璃贴片的材料包括以上任一所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃。
(1)本公开的玻璃具有特殊的组成,使得其适合于本公开所采用的特殊强化工艺,提高了其抵抗应力松弛的能力;
(2)本公开采用经过特别优化的两步法离子交换工艺,其中,第一步采用含有一定量硝酸钠的混合熔盐,以获得较高的DOL。在第二步中采用较纯的硝酸钾熔盐,提高其CS值,可以在本步骤保持较高的离子交换速度,以缩短时间;
(3)本公开第一步的离子交换工艺的时间长于第一二步的离子交换时间,可以进一步提高CS值,以及保持较高的离子交换速度。
根据本公开的基本构思,本公开实施例提供一种铝硅酸盐玻璃,以质量百分数计,包含:55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O3,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,以及0.01%~1.5%的ZrO2。通过对玻璃的组成进行了特殊优化,增强了其抵抗应力松弛的能力。
本公开实施例还提供了与之相适配的特殊的两步法离子交换工艺。本公开实施例的离子交换工艺中,使DOL值达到720MPa以上,CS值达到70μm以上,最终使玻璃的性能达到要求。
本公开实施例所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,按照质量百分数计可包括如下组分:
55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O3,0%~7%的P2O5,0%~4%的Li2O,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,0%~4%的ZnO以及0.01%~1.5%的ZrO2。
二氧化硅(SiO2)是形成玻璃骨架的主要成分,是必需的,同时它对于玻璃的强度、化学稳定性等具有提高的作用,但会增加玻璃的黏度。SiO2的质量百分数优选为55%~65%,若SiO2的质量百分数不足55%,则玻璃的强度和耐候性不够;若超过65%,玻璃变得难熔。
氧化铝(Al2O3)能使玻璃的离子交换能力大幅提高,是必需的组分,同时它能提高玻璃的耐候性,其质量分数优选为12%~24%。如果其质量百分数低于12%,则玻璃的离子交换能力不足,无法满足本公开实施例的要求;如果高于24%,则玻璃的熔融性显著恶化。
在一些实施例中,铝硅酸盐玻璃中可以添加五氧化二磷,五氧化二磷(P2O5)在形成玻璃网络时,可形成比铝氧四面体更大的空间,因此也能显著增加离子交换的能力。同时,其形成的内部空隙,能在第一步离子交换时防止产生堵塞,从而使得玻璃可以更适用本公开实施例所提供的两步法离子交换(其中第一步离子交换时间较长,易产生堵塞),同时,它能降低玻璃的黏度。另一方面,它的引入会使玻璃的化学稳定性降低,且含量过高时,玻璃容易析晶;从成本方面考虑,含磷原料价格较高,且高磷玻璃的生产难度也较大,因此,五氧化二磷以质量百分数计至多含有7%。即便玻璃中不含五氧化二磷,由于其它的组分经过了优化,玻璃在强化后CS与DOL也能达到要求,因此,五氧化二磷不是必需的。进一步优选的,所述P2O5的含量为1%~5%。
在一些实施例中,铝硅酸盐玻璃中可以添加氧化锂,氧化锂(Li2O)是良好的助熔效果,显著降低玻璃的黏度,它还能提高玻璃的CS值。在本公开实施例所采用的两步法中,氧化锂提供的锂离子(Li+)能和熔盐中的钠离子(Na+)进行交换,补充玻璃中的钠离子,从而维持玻璃与熔盐的钠离子浓度差,保证离子交换交换速度,且由于钠离子半径大于锂离子半径,这一交换过程本身也能产生挤塞效应,获得更高的CS值。但是,由于氧化锂不利于玻璃的DOL的提高,其在玻璃中的质量百分数至多为4%。虽然适当含量的氧化锂有助于提高玻璃的CS值,但是得益于本公开实施例特殊的强化工艺,即使玻璃中不含有氧化锂,在经过强化后其CS值仍能达到要求,即氧化锂不是必需的。进一步优选的,Li2O的含量为0.5%~3%。
氧化钠(Na2O)能是进行离子交换必需的成分,同时它也能显著改善玻璃的熔融性。其质量百分数优选为12%~20%。如果质量百分数低于12%,则玻璃的熔融性较差;如果高于20%,则玻璃的耐候性变差。
氧化钾(K2O)能提高玻璃的熔融性,同时,它与Li2O以及Na2O能形成混合碱效应,提高玻璃的性能,因此是必需的成分。其质量百分数优选为0.1%~6%。如果质量百分数低于0.1%,则其作用得不得体现,且增加原料成本;如果高于6%,则玻璃的耐候性变差。
氧化镁(MgO)在高温时能降低玻璃的黏度,促进玻璃的熔化和澄清,是必需的成分,可以替代对离子交换有抑制作用的氧化钙(CaO),其质量分数优选为2%~7%。如果MgO质量百分数低于2%,则玻璃的黏度太大,难以熔化;若高于7%,则玻璃容易析晶,同时,玻璃的料性过短,不利于成型。
在一些实施例中,铝硅酸盐玻璃中可以添加氧化锌,氧化锌(ZnO)能降低玻璃的黏度,同时提高玻璃的耐腐蚀性。另一方面,由于本公开实施例的玻璃主要用于盖板,可能经由多人触摸,因此存在一定的健康隐患。而锌离子(Zn2+)具有一定的抗菌能力,在玻璃中引入氧化锌能使玻璃获得一定的抗菌能力。虽然Zn2+的抗菌能力相对于Ag+等较弱,但它不会使玻璃着色。优选的,ZnO的含量为1%~3%。
氧化锆(ZrO2)能提高玻璃的化学稳定性,增加玻璃表面硬度,且能提高玻璃形成裂纹所需的压力,从而使得玻璃更耐划伤和跌落,仅需少量ZrO2就能满足要求,因此是必需的成分。但是ZrO2过多会显著提高玻璃的熔化温度,同时会带来结石等缺陷。因此本公开实施例中ZrO2的质量百分数优选为0.01%~1.5%。
另外,本公开实施例对具有上述组成的玻璃进行相应的化学强化工艺设计,提供一种采用两步法的离子交换工艺。
本公开实施例在第一步离子交换中所采用硝酸钾(KNO3)与硝酸钠(NaNO3)的第一混合熔盐,以质量百分数计,第一混合熔盐可以包含5%~15%的NaNO3以及85%~95%的KNO3。如果NaNO3的质量百分数低于5%,则离子交换速度过快,容易产生堵塞,甚至对第二步离子交换产生负面影响;如果高于15%,则离子交换速度严重降低,导致所需时间过长。离子交换的温度优选为420℃~480℃,如果温度低于420℃,则离子交换速度不足;若高于480℃,则易发生应力松弛现象导致CS下降,同时熔盐分解加剧使其使用寿命缩短,且对环境产生不利影响。离子交换的
时间优选为300min~600min,由于对离子交换速度进行了调整,若离子交换时间低于300min,则离子交换程度不足,CS与DOL值无法达到预期。若离子交换时间高于600min,则发生应力松弛情况。
第二步离子交换采用的熔盐,可以为硝酸钾熔盐或者是硝酸钾和硝酸钠的第二混合熔盐,概括来说,以质量百分数计,包含0%~0.2%的NaNO3以及99.8%~100%的KNO3。第二步离子交换应采用纯度尽可能高的硝酸钾熔盐,同时尽量避免含有NaNO3,若含有,其质量百分数应不高于0.5%,否则使离子交换速度下降,此时含硝酸钠的熔盐为第二混合熔盐,其中所述第二混合熔盐中的硝酸钾质量百分数大于第一混合熔盐中的硝酸钾质量百分数。离子交换的温度优选为400℃~440℃,如果温度低于400℃,则离子交换速度不足;若高于440℃,则易发生应力松弛现象,CS下降。离子交换的时间优选为10min~30min,若离子交换时间低于10min,则离子交换程度不足,玻璃的CS值以及抗菌功能无法达到预期。若离子交换时间高于30min,则发生应力松弛,CS反而降低。
对于本公开实施例的组成,可以用下式估计玻璃最终的CS(MPa)以及DOL(μm)值:
DOL=0.55×α×{0.8×ln(T1+273.15)×ln(t1)+0.2×ln(T2+273.15)×ln(t2)+1.25×ln(c1/5)}
CS=20×β×{0.36×ln[(T1+273.15)×t1]+0.64×ln[(T2+273.15)×t2]-0.5×ln(c1/5)+0.5}
上式中,T1、t1、c1分别为第一步离子交换的温度(℃)、时间(min)以及混合熔盐中NaNO3的质量百分数(wt%);
T2、t2分别为第二步离子交换的温度(℃)、时间(min);
α与β分别为与组成相关的深度系数以及应力系数,其由下式决定:
α=(0.75Al2O3+1.25P2O5-0.4K2O)^(1/2)
α=(0.75Al2O3+1.25P2O5-0.4K2O)1/2
β=(0.5Li2O+Na2O-0.2K2O+0.3ZnO)^(1/2)
β=(0.5Li2O+Na2O-0.2K2O+0.3ZnO)1/2
由于离子交换比较复杂,实际上对于CS以及DOL难以进行准确度非常高的估计。对于本公开实施例的玻璃,用前面的式子估计CS以及DOL的误差分别在±20MPa以及±3μm以内。
另外,针对本公开实施例的玻璃,可以根据组成以及离子交换工艺参数对其强化后的CS与DOL值用经验公式进行估计,这样当得到组成不同的新玻璃产品时,
能大致确定达到指定性能所需的强化工艺参数的范围,减少不必要的尝试,提高效率。或者当现有的强化工艺不易改变时,可以通过公式判断玻璃原片的组成是否满足要求,从而对其进行初步筛选。
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参照附图,对本公开作进一步的详细说明,但并不以此限定本公开的范围。
实施例
选择常用的玻璃原料诸如氧化物和碳酸盐等,以具有表1和2中实施例1-15以及对比例1-5任一所示的组成,称量以制得150g的配合料。接着,将配合料混合物放入铂金坩埚中,将铂金坩埚放入硅钼炉中,升温至1620℃,并熔融3小时,使其均化并浇铸到模具中,在650℃温度下保温1h退火,之后随炉冷却获得块状玻璃。将该块状玻璃进行切割,并对两个表面均进行研磨和抛光,获得尺寸为50mm×50mm×5mm的块状玻璃。
将上述玻璃进行两步法离子交换,待其冷却后,用超声波清洗机清洗1小时以洗去玻璃表面残留的熔盐,烘干后待测试。
对经过离子交换的玻璃进行CS与DOL的测试,采用的仪器为FSM-6000LE双折射应力仪,测试时采用的光源为波长为589.3nm的钠光,选择的光弹性系数为28.5(nm/cm)/Mpa,折射率为1.51。
表1
表2
从表1和2中可以看出,本公开实施例的玻璃CS均高于720MPa,DOL高于70μm,满足3D盖板的要求。
对比例1是典型的钠钙玻璃,可以看出,其离子交换能力严重不足,经离子交换后CS不足600MPa,而DOL则不到20μm。对比例2是中铝玻璃,其氧化铝质量分数达到6%,离子交换能力有所提升,但相对于高铝玻璃,仍有较大差距。其CS与DOL分别为610.1MPa与47.12μm。
对比例3与4是高铝玻璃,其氧化铝含量符合要求,但由于其它组分不满足要求,出现了应力松弛情况。其中对比例3的离子交换时间较短,故CS达到800MPa以上,但相应的DOL则不足70μm。而对比例4则延长了离子交换时间,其DOL达到75μm以上,但CS降低到600MPa以下。
对比例5的玻璃组成与本公开实施例相符,但由于其强化工艺不符合本公开实施例的要求,其CS与DOL仍不满足要求,分别为650.5MPa和61.24μm。
基于同一发明构思,本公开实施例还提供一种电子设备,包括玻璃盖板和/或玻璃贴片,该玻璃盖板或所述玻璃贴片的材料包括以上所述铝硅酸盐玻璃。这里的电子设备可以为具有触摸屏的现有技术已知的设备,包括但不限于手机、笔记本、显示器、数码相机、摄影机、计算器以及含触摸屏的电子终端。
以上所述的具体实施例,对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,应理解的是,以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (14)
- 一种铝硅酸盐玻璃,以质量百分数计,包含:55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O3,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,以及0.01%~1.5%的ZrO2。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,还包括大于0%且小于等于7%的P2O5。
- 根据权利要求2所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述P2O5的含量为1%~5%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,还包括大于0%且小于等于4%的Li2O。
- 根据权利要求4所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述Li2O的含量为0.5%~3%。
- 根据权利要求1所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,还包括大于0%且小于等于4%的ZnO。
- 根据权利要求6所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃,其特征在于,以质量百分数计,所述ZnO的含量为1%~3%。
- 一种铝硅酸盐玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于包括:以质量百分数计,称量含55%~65%的SiO2,12%~24%的Al2O3,12%~20%的Na2O,0.1%~6%的K2O,2%~7%的MgO,以及0.01%~1.5%组成的配合料,配合料进行混合后,经高温熔制和浇注成型,再经退火后加工为成形玻璃;对所述成形玻璃进行化学强化,包括:采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第一混合熔盐与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换;以及采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第二混合熔盐或者硝酸钾熔盐继续与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换;其中所述第二混合熔盐中的硝酸钾质量百分数大于第一混合熔盐中的硝酸钾质量百分数。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一混合熔盐以质量百分数计,包含5%~15%的NaNO3以及85%~95%的KNO3。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第二混合熔盐以质量百分 数计,包含大于0且小于等于0.2%的NaNO3以及99.8%~100%的KNO3。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第一混合熔盐与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换时,离子交换的温度为420℃~480℃,离子交换的时间为300min~600min。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,采用含硝酸钠和硝酸钾的第二混合熔盐或者硝酸钾熔盐继续与所述成形玻璃进行离子交换时,离子交换的温度为400℃~440℃,离子交换的时间为10min~30min。
- 根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述成形玻璃为块状平板玻璃。
- 一种电子设备,包括玻璃盖板和/或玻璃贴片,其特征在于,所述玻璃盖板或所述玻璃贴片的材料包括权利要求1-7任一所述的铝硅酸盐玻璃。
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