WO2019061698A1 - 船舶货舱通风方法及通风系统 - Google Patents

船舶货舱通风方法及通风系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019061698A1
WO2019061698A1 PCT/CN2017/110035 CN2017110035W WO2019061698A1 WO 2019061698 A1 WO2019061698 A1 WO 2019061698A1 CN 2017110035 W CN2017110035 W CN 2017110035W WO 2019061698 A1 WO2019061698 A1 WO 2019061698A1
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Prior art keywords
crotch
state
reversible fan
reversible
cargo tank
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PCT/CN2017/110035
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄琼
陈列城
文华平
麦康策
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广船国际有限公司
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Publication of WO2019061698A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019061698A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ships, in particular to a method for ventilating a cargo space of a ship and a ventilation system.
  • the passenger rolling ship can carry passengers while carrying the cargo.
  • the passenger rolling boat has multiple decks to facilitate the transportation of the cargo unit and has a special shape. It mainly consists of an upper cargo tank and a lower cargo tank.
  • the upper part of the cargo tank is a closed structure
  • the ankle is an open structure
  • the crotch and ankle of the lower cargo hold are closed structures.
  • the cargo is towed by a tractor to a semi-trailer or wheeled pallet carrying a cargo box or other shipment directly through the ramp of the ship's door, door or side door.
  • the vehicles carried by the ro-ro ship will emit harmful gases, so the ro-ro ship has higher requirements for ventilation. It is necessary to provide a cargo compartment ventilation system for each cargo compartment to make the cabin air fresh and circulate, so that the cabin personnel can work.
  • the cargo tank ventilation design of multi-purpose container ships mainly adopts the form of mechanical ventilation, mainly relying on a plurality of small fan ventilation units installed on the sides of the cargo tanks to achieve ventilation.
  • the installation of these small fan ventilation units tends to cause large noise inside the cargo compartment, can not produce low noise while ensuring good ventilation, and the fan is dispersed in various positions of the hull, without the unified management of the ventilation system, and Not conducive to the installation of the hull duct.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for ventilating a cargo space of a ship and a ventilation system, which have good ventilation effect and low noise.
  • a method of venting a cargo hold of a ship comprising the steps of:
  • Step S10 installing a fan, installing a plurality of reversible fans in the crotch portion and the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank of the ship, and installing a plurality of reversible fans in the crotch portion and the crotch portion of the lower cargo tank;
  • Step S20 determining a ventilation state according to the working state of the ship.
  • the upper cargo compartment and the lower cargo cargo compartment are both ventilated by the crotch and the air is discharged from the crotch;
  • the upper cargo hold is made by the crotch The wind is blown into the crotch and the wind is blown out from the crotch.
  • the lower cargo hold enters the wind from the loading end and the other end enters the wind.
  • the reversing fan installed in the crotch portion and the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank is set to an air inlet state, and is naturally out of the open crotch of the upper cargo tank.
  • the reversing fan installed in the crotch of the lower cargo tank is set to the intake state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch is set to the exhaust state.
  • the loading state includes an ankle loading state in which the cargo is loaded from the crotch portion of the ship and an ankle loading state in which the cargo is loaded from the crotch portion of the ship.
  • the reversing fan installed in the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank is set to the air inlet state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch portion is set to the exhaust state.
  • the reversible fan installed in the crotch of the lower cargo hold is set to the stop state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch is set to the exhaust state.
  • the reversing fan installed in the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank is set to the air inlet state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch portion is set to the exhaust state, the lower layer
  • the reversible fan installed in the crotch of the cargo hold is set to the exhaust state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch is set to the stop state.
  • step S20 further includes detecting the exhaust gas content of the vehicle, determining the amount of ventilation required for the upper cargo compartment and the lower cargo compartment, thereby adjusting the air intake amount and the exhaust air volume of the reversible wind turbine.
  • step S20 the air is filtered before the air enters the upper cargo tank and the lower cargo tank from the outside of the ship.
  • the noise reduction process is performed during the operation of the reversible fan: the soundproof material is laid in the air passage where the reversible fan is installed.
  • a ship cargo tank ventilation system comprising a first reversible fan disposed at a crotch portion of an upper cargo hold, a second reversible fan disposed at a crotch portion of the upper cargo hold, and an ankle portion disposed in the lower cargo hold a third reversible fan, a fourth reversible fan disposed at a crotch portion of the lower cargo tank, and corresponding to the first reversible fan, the second reversible fan, the third reversible fan, and the a plurality of air passages provided by the reversible fan, wherein the first reversible fan, the second reversible fan, the third reversible fan, and the fourth reversible fan are provided with a muffler baffle
  • the inner wall of the air passage is provided with soundproof material.
  • an automobile exhaust gas detector for detecting an automobile exhaust gas content in the air is provided in the upper cargo tank and the lower cargo tank, and the first reversible wind turbine, the second A variable frequency controller for controlling the rotational speed of the reversible fan, the third reversible fan, and the fourth reversible fan.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the solution can realize the ventilation of the upper cargo tank and the lower cargo tank by controlling the reversible wind turbine according to different working states of the ship, and simultaneously through the silencer
  • the board and sound insulation are arranged to reduce noise pollution in the cargo compartment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the fifth deck of the embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sixth deck of the embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of Figure 2;
  • the first reversible fan 2. The second reversible fan; 3. The third reversible fan; 4. The fourth reversible fan; 5. The soundproof material; 6. The fire damper.
  • a method for ventilating a cargo hold of a ship comprises the following steps:
  • Step S10 installing a fan, installing a plurality of reversible fans in the crotch portion and the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank of the ship, and installing a plurality of reversible fans in the crotch portion and the crotch portion of the lower cargo tank;
  • Step S20 determining a ventilation state according to the working state of the ship.
  • the upper cargo compartment and the lower cargo cargo compartment are both ventilated by the crotch and the air is discharged from the crotch;
  • the upper cargo hold is made by the crotch The wind is blown into the crotch and the wind is blown out from the crotch.
  • the lower cargo hold enters the wind from the loading end and the other end enters the wind.
  • the above-mentioned reversible fan can be adjusted to turn the fan, and can work in the exhaust state or the air inlet state.
  • the operating state of each reversible fan can be rationally allocated under the premise of ensuring sufficient ventilation of the cargo hold, thereby realizing efficient use of resources, reducing resource waste and reducing operating costs.
  • Reversible fans are distributed in the crotch and ankle of the upper cargo hold,
  • the crotch and crotch of the cargo tank can reduce the dispersion of the fan installation position, which is beneficial to reduce the noise generated during the operation of the fan, reduce the noise in the cargo compartment, and the centralized fan is beneficial to the maintenance and maintenance of the fan by the staff, and It is convenient for centralized control of the fan to ensure ventilation in the cargo compartment.
  • the reversing fan installed in the crotch portion and the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank is set to an air inlet state, and the wind is naturally discharged from the open crotch portion of the upper cargo tank, the lower layer
  • the reversible fan installed in the crotch of the cargo compartment is set to the intake state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch is set to the exhaust state.
  • the loading state includes an unloading state of loading from the crotch portion of the ship and an ankle loading state of loading from the crotch portion of the ship.
  • the reversible fan installed in the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank is set to the air inlet state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch portion is set to the exhaust state, and the crotch portion of the lower cargo tank is provided.
  • the installed reversible fan is set to the stop state, and the reversible fan installed on the ankle is set to the exhaust state.
  • the left side springboard of the upper cargo compartment is opened, and the air can enter from the left side of the crucible into the upper cargo compartment, while the reversible fan installed in the ankle is in the air inlet state to ensure the air entering the upper cargo compartment.
  • the ankle hatch of the lower cargo hold is opened, and the air can flow into the lower cargo hold. Therefore, the reversible fan located at the crotch can be set to stop, and the reversible fan of the crotch can be set to the exhaust state to ensure the lower cargo hold. ventilation.
  • the reversible fan installed in the crotch portion of the upper cargo tank is set to the air inlet state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch portion is set to the exhaust state, and the crotch portion of the lower cargo tank is provided.
  • the installed reversible fan is set to the exhaust state, and the reversible fan installed in the crotch is set to the stop state.
  • the left side springboard of the upper cargo hold is closed, the cargo of the upper cargo hold enters the upper cargo hold from the open open crotch, and the reversible fan of the crotch is set to the exhaust state to open the upper cargo hold.
  • the air inside is discharged to the outside, and the reversing fan located at the crotch portion is placed in the air inlet state to ensure that the air in the space of the crotch can be replaced by the fresh air outside, and the air in the entire space of the upper cargo tank can be ensured.
  • the door of the lower cargo compartment is opened and the air can flow into the lower cargo compartment. Therefore, the reversible fan located at the crotch can be set to stop, and the reversible fan of the crotch can be set to the exhaust state to ensure the ventilation of the lower cargo compartment.
  • step S20 further includes detecting the exhaust gas content of the vehicle, determining the amount of ventilation required for the upper cargo compartment and the lower cargo compartment, thereby adjusting the air intake amount and the exhaust air volume of the reversible wind turbine.
  • step S20 the air is filtered before the air enters the upper cargo tank and the lower cargo tank from outside the vessel.
  • Filtration of the incoming air at the vents reduces the entry of harmful substances in the air into the cargo hold, ensuring the quality of the air in the cargo hold, and at the same time avoiding the loss of contaminated air into the cargo hold.
  • the noise reduction process is performed during the operation of the reversible fan: the soundproof material is laid in the air passage where the reversible fan is installed to prevent a large amount of noise from directly entering the interior of the ship.
  • the present invention also provides a ship cargo compartment ventilation system, comprising a first reversible fan 1 disposed at a crotch portion of an upper cargo tank, and a second reversible fan 2 disposed at a crotch portion of the upper cargo tank a third reversible fan 3 disposed in the crotch portion of the lower cargo tank, a fourth reversible fan 4 disposed in the crotch portion of the lower cargo tank, and corresponding to the first reversible fan 1, the second reversible fan 2, respectively a plurality of air passages provided by the third reversible fan 3 and the fourth reversible fan 4, the first reversible fan 1, the second reversible fan 2, and the third reversible fan 3
  • a sound absorbing baffle is disposed under the fourth reversible fan 4, and the inner wall of the air vent is covered with a sound insulating material 5.
  • the upper cargo hold is a space between 5 and 7 decks
  • the lower cargo hold is a space between 3 and 5 decks.
  • the first reversible fan 1 is provided with two sets, which are arranged on the 6 decks of the upper cargo hold in the fan room near the crotch, form a straight air passage by the hull structure, and set the fire damper 6 and the muffler on the air outlet side of the fan room.
  • the board is provided with soundproofing material 5 on the inner wall of the fan room and the air duct to isolate the noise.
  • the second reversible fan 2 is provided with seven sets, which are arranged at the crotch position of the upper cargo tank and are flush with the 6 decks.
  • the reversible fan is formed by the hull surrounding structure to form a duct, and the duct line can be reversed.
  • Under the deck the upper and lower sides of the hull structure are provided with vents communicating with the upper cargo tanks at the high and low levels of the hull structure, and fire dampers 6 are provided at the air outlets on both sides of the hull, and soundproofing is provided on the inner wall of the air duct. Material 5 isolates the noise.
  • the third reversible fan 3 is provided with four sets, and two sets of two fan rooms disposed on the five sides of the lower cargo hold near the crotch are provided in the two fan rooms, and the fan house is disposed on the side close to the side of the ship.
  • the ventilating port connected to the outside is provided with a fire damper 6 and a sound absorbing baffle under the reversible fan, and the upper part is openly disposed, and the sound insulating material 5 is laid on the inner wall of the fan room to isolate the noise.
  • the fourth reversible fan 4 is provided with six sets, four of which are arranged on the 6 decks in the fan room near the crotch, forming a duct by using the hull surrounding structure, and opening a connection with the lower cargo tank at the corresponding position of the lower cargo hold. Vent.
  • the other two are installed in the abutment of the 6 deck near the crotch, and the air duct can be formed by the hull surrounding structure under the reverse fan, and the lower cargo tank can be connected to the lower cargo tank at the corresponding position of the lower cargo tank.
  • the venting port of the reversible fan is arranged under the 7 decks to the outside of the side of the fan, and a fire damper 6 is arranged under the fan and on both sides of the fan.
  • the soundproofing material is placed on the inner wall of the air duct. Isolated.
  • a wind grid structure and an air filter are disposed at each of the above vents.
  • an automobile exhaust gas detector for detecting a vehicle exhaust gas content in the air is provided in the upper cargo tank and the lower cargo tank, and for the first reversible wind turbine 1 and the second reversible wind turbine 2 And a frequency conversion controller that controls the rotation speeds of the third reversible fan 3 and the fourth reversible fan 4 .
  • the vehicle exhaust gas is detected by the automobile exhaust gas detector for the air in the upper cargo compartment and the lower cargo compartment, and then the working state of each reversible wind turbine is separately controlled by the frequency converter controller, thereby realizing the ventilation of the upper cargo compartment and the lower cargo compartment, and ensuring the ventilation amount. At the same time, it saves resources, makes the work of the reversible fan controllable, and also reduces the noise in the cargo compartment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

一种船舶货舱通风方法及通风系统，该方法包括步骤S10、安装风机；步骤S20、根据船舶工作状态确定通风状态，在航行状态下，上层货舱和下层货舱均由艏部进风，艉部出风；在装货状态下，上层货舱由艏部和艉部进风，舯部出风，下层货舱由装货端进风，另一端出风；该系统中对应各可逆转风机设置有多个通风道，可逆转风机下方设置有消音挡板，通风道的内壁上铺设有隔音材料（5），通过控制在上层货舱和下层货舱中设置的可逆转风机根据船舶所处的不同工作状态采用不同的工作方式，可实现对上层货舱和下层货舱的通风，同时通过消音挡板和隔音材料（5）的设置可减少货舱内的噪音污染。

Description

船舶货舱通风方法及通风系统 技术领域
本发明涉及船舶技术领域，尤其涉及一种船舶货舱通风方法及通风系统。
背景技术
客滚船可在载运货物的同时载运旅客，客滚船有多层甲板便于货运单元放置，造型特殊。大致包括上层货舱和下层货舱，上层货舱的艏部为封闭结构，艉部为露天结构，下层货舱的艏部和艉部均为封闭结构。货物通过牵引车牵引载有货箱或其他货件的半挂车或轮式托盘直接通过船上的艏门、艉门或舷门的跳板进出装卸。但是滚装船运载的车辆会排出有害气体，所以滚装船对通风的要求较高，需要对每个货舱设置货舱通风系统，使舱内空气清新和流通，便于舱内人员工作。
目前，多用途集装箱船舶的货舱通风设计主要采用机械抽风形式，主要依靠设置于货舱两舷侧直通舷外的多个小型风机通风单元实现通风的目的。这些小型风机通风单元的设置往往会造成货舱内部的噪音较大，不能够在保证通风良好的同时产生较低的噪音，并且风机分散在船体的各个位置，不利用对通风系统的统一管理，以及不利于对船体风道的设置。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种船舶货舱通风方法及通风系统，其通风效果好，噪音小。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一方面，提供一种船舶货舱通风方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S10、安装风机，在船舶的上层货舱的艏部和舯部分别安装多台可逆转风机，在下层货舱的艏部和艉部分别安装多台可逆转风机；
步骤S20、根据船舶工作状态确定通风状态，在航行状态下，所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱均由艏部进风，艉部出风；在装货状态下，所述上层货舱由艏部和艉部进风，舯部出风，所述下层货舱由装货端进风，另一端出风。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述航行状态下，所述上层货舱的艏部和舯部安装的可逆转风机均设置为进风状态，并由所述上层货舱的露天的艉部自然出风，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述装货状态包括从船舶的艏部进行装货的艏部装货状态和从船舶的艉部进行装货的艉部装货状态。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述艏部装货状态下，所述上层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，舯部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为停机状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述艉部装货状态，所述上层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，舯部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为停机状态。
作为一种优选的技术方案，步骤S20还包括对船舶内的汽车尾气含量进行检测，确定所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱所需的通风量，进而调节可逆转风机的进风量和抽风量。
作为一种优选的技术方案，步骤S20中，在空气由船舶外部进入到所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱前对空气进行过滤。
作为一种优选的技术方案，所述步骤S20中，在可逆转风机运行过程中对其进行降噪处理：在安装有可逆转风机的通风道内铺设隔音材料。
另一方面，提供一种船舶货舱通风系统，包括设置于上层货舱的艏部的第一可逆转风机、设置于所述上层货舱的舯部的第二可逆转风机、设置于下层货舱的艏部的第三可逆转风机、设置于下层货舱的艉部的第四可逆转风机和分别对应所述第一可逆转风机、所述第二可逆转风机、所述第三可逆转风机及所述第四可逆转风机设置的多个通风道，所述第一可逆转风机、所述第二可逆转风机、所述第三可逆转风机及所述第四可逆转风机的下方均设置有消音挡板，所述通风道的内壁上铺设有隔音材料。
作为一种优选的技术方案，在所述上层货舱与所述下层货舱内设置有用于检测空气中的汽车尾气含量的汽车尾气探测器和用于对所述第一可逆转风机、所述第二可逆转风机、所述第三可逆转风机及所述第四可逆转风机的转速进行控制的变频控制器。
本发明的有益效果为：与现有技术相比，本方案通过控制可逆转风机根据船舶所处的不同工作状态采用不同的工作方式，可实现对上层货舱和下层货舱的通风，同时通过消音挡板和隔音材料的设置可减少货舱内的噪音污染。
附图说明
下面根据附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图1为实施例所述第五层甲板结构示意图。
图2为实施例所述第六层甲板结构示意图。
图3为图1中A-A向剖视图。
图4为图1中B-B向剖视图。
图5为图2中C-C向剖视图。
图6为图2中D-D向剖视图。
图中：
1、第一可逆转风机；2、第二可逆转风机；3、第三可逆转风机；4、第四可逆转风机；5、隔音材料；6、防火风闸。
300、第三层甲板；400、第四层甲板；500、第五层甲板；600、第六层甲板；700、第七层甲板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
如图1～6所示，于本实施例中，本发明所述的一种船舶货舱通风方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤S10、安装风机，在船舶的上层货舱的艏部和舯部分别安装多台可逆转风机，在下层货舱的艏部和艉部分别安装多台可逆转风机；
步骤S20、根据船舶工作状态确定通风状态，在航行状态下，所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱均由艏部进风，艉部出风；在装货状态下，所述上层货舱由艏部和艉部进风，舯部出风，所述下层货舱由装货端进风，另一端出风。
上述的可逆转风机分可调整转向的风机，可工作在抽风状态或进风状态。
通过根据船舶的工作状态确定货舱的通风状态，可在保证货舱的通风量充足的前提下，合理的调配各可逆转风机的运行状态，实现对资源的有效利用，减少资源浪费，降低运行成本。可逆转风机分布在上层货舱的艏部和舯部、下 层货舱的艏部和艉部可减少风机设置位置的分散，利于对风机运行过程中发出的噪音进行消减，降低货舱内的噪音，并且集中设置的风机利于工作人员对风机的维修和保养，以及便于风机集中控制，保证货舱内的通风。
优选的，在所述航行状态下，所述上层货舱的艏部和舯部安装的可逆转风机均设置为进风状态，并由所述上层货舱的露天的艉部自然出风，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态。
在航行过程中采用从船舶的艏部向艉部进行通风的方式，利于空气从外界进入到货舱内部，保证货舱内的通风量。
具体的，所述装货状态包括从船舶的艏部进行装货的艏部装货状态和从船舶的艉部进行装货的艉部装货状态。
优选的，在所述艏部装货状态下，所述上层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，舯部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为停机状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态。
在艏部装货状态下，上层货舱的艏左侧跳板打开，空气可从艏左侧进入到上层货舱内，同时艏部安装的可逆转风机为进风状态可保证进入到上层货舱内的空气量，并且由于上层货舱的艉部为露天敞开状态，因此需要开启舯部的可逆转风机对上层货舱内的空气进行抽出，以保证上层货舱内的空气能够及时排出到上层货舱外。下层货舱的艏部舱门打开，空气可流通进入到下层货舱内部，因此位于艏部的可逆转风机可设于停机状态，同时将艉部的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态即可保证下层货舱的通风。
优选的，在所述艉部装货状态，所述上层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，舯部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，所述下层货舱的艏部 安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为停机状态。
在艉部装货状态下，上层货舱的艏左侧跳板处于关闭状态，上层货舱的货物从露天敞开的艉部进入到上层货舱内，将舯部的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态可将上层货舱内的空气排出到外部，同时将位于艏部的可逆转风机设置于进风状态可保证艏部的空间中的空气能够被外界新鲜的空气置换到外部，保证上层货舱的整个空间的空气都能够被更换到。下层货舱的艉门打开，空气可流通进入到下层货舱内部，因此位于艉部的可逆转风机可设于停机状态，同时将艏部的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态即可保证下层货舱的通风。
作为一种优选的技术方案，步骤S20还包括对船舶内的汽车尾气含量进行检测，确定所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱所需的通风量，进而调节可逆转风机的进风量和抽风量。
通过对货舱内部的空气中的汽车尾气含量进行检测可确定通风量是否合适，以及时调整各可逆转风机的运转状态，保证货舱内部的空气质量。
进一步的，步骤S20中，在空气由船舶外部进入到所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱前对空气进行过滤。
在通风口处对进入的空气进行过滤可减少空气中的尘埃及有害物质进入到货舱内，保证货舱内的空气质量，同时可避免受污染的空气进入货舱内对货物造成损失。
优选的，所述步骤S20中，在可逆转风机运行过程中对其进行降噪处理：在安装有可逆转风机的通风道内铺设隔音材料，防止大量的噪音直接进入到所述船舶的内部。
另一方面，本发明还提供一种船舶货舱通风系统，包括设置于上层货舱的艏部的第一可逆转风机1、设置于所述上层货舱的舯部的第二可逆转风机2、设 置于下层货舱的艏部的第三可逆转风机3、设置于下层货舱的艉部的第四可逆转风机4和分别对应所述第一可逆转风机1、所述第二可逆转风机2、所述第三可逆转风机3及所述第四可逆转风机4设置的多个通风道，所述第一可逆转风机1、所述第二可逆转风机2、所述第三可逆转风机3及所述第四可逆转风机4的下方均设置有消音挡板，所述通风道的内壁上铺设有隔音材料5。
在本实施例中，上层货舱为5至7层甲板之间的空间，下层货舱为3至5层甲板之间的空间。
第一可逆转风机1设置有两台，设置于上层货舱的6甲板上靠近艏部的风机房内，利用船体结构形成直通风道，并在风机房出风口侧设置防火风闸6和消音挡板，在风机房和风道的内壁上铺设隔音材料5对噪音进行隔绝。
第二可逆转风机2设置有包括七台，设置于上层货舱的舯部位置并与6甲板平齐高度，可逆转风机下方利用船体围井结构形成风道，可逆转风机上方配置风管沿7甲板下通向两侧舷外，船体结构围井的高位和低位均开设有与上层货舱连通的通风口，并在两舷侧的出风口设防火风闸6，在风道的内壁上铺设隔音材料5对噪音进行隔绝。
第三可逆转风机3设置有包括四台，下层货舱的5甲板上靠近艏部的两舷侧位置设置的两风机房内各设置两台，风机房靠近舷侧的一侧上设置多个与外界连通的通风口，可逆转风机的下方设置有防火风闸6和消音挡板，上方敞开设置，在风机房的内壁上铺设隔音材料5对噪音进行隔绝。
第四可逆转风机4设置有包括六台，其中四台设置于6甲板上靠近艉部的风机房内，利用船体围井结构形成风道，并在下层货舱对应位置开设与所述下层货舱连通的通风口。另两台设置于6甲板靠近艉部的围井内，可逆转风机下方利用船体围井结构形成风道，在下层货舱对应位置开设与所述下层货舱连通 的通风口，可逆转风机上方配置风管沿7甲板下通向两侧舷外，并在风机下方及两舷侧均设防火风闸6，风道内部的内壁上铺设隔音材料5对噪音进行隔绝。
在上述的各通风口处均设置有风栅结构及空气过滤器。
优选的，在所述上层货舱与所述下层货舱内设置有用于检测空气中的汽车尾气含量的汽车尾气探测器和用于对所述第一可逆转风机1、所述第二可逆转风机2、所述第三可逆转风机3及所述第四可逆转风机4的转速进行控制的变频控制器。
通过汽车尾气检测器对上层货舱和下层货舱内的空气检测汽车尾气含量，然后通过变频控制器分别控制各可逆转风机的工作状态，实现对上层货舱和下层货舱的换气，并且在保证通风量的同时节省资源，使得可逆转风机的工作可控，同时亦可降低货舱内的噪音。
于本文的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”仅用于在描述上加以区分，不具有特殊含义。
需要声明的是，上述具体实施方式仅仅为本发明的较佳实施例及所运用技术原理，在本发明所公开的技术范围内，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员所容易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
以上通过具体的实施例对本发明进行了说明，但本发明并不限于这些具体的实施例。本领域技术人员应该明白，还可以对本发明做各种修改、等同替换、变化等等。但是，这些变换只要未背离本发明的精神，都应在本发明的保护范围之内。另外，本申请说明书和权利要求书所使用的一些术语并不是限制，仅仅是为了便于描述。此外，以上多处所述的“一个实施例”、“另一个实施例”等表示不同的实施例，当然也可以将其全部或部分结合在一个实施例中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤S10、安装风机，在船舶的上层货舱的艏部和舯部分别安装多台可逆转风机，在下层货舱的艏部和艉部分别安装多台可逆转风机；
    步骤S20、根据船舶工作状态确定通风状态，在航行状态下，所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱均由艏部进风，艉部出风；在装货状态下，所述上层货舱由艏部和艉部进风，舯部出风，所述下层货舱由装货端进风，另一端出风。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，在所述航行状态下，所述上层货舱的艏部和舯部安装的可逆转风机均设置为进风状态，并由所述上层货舱的露天的艉部自然出风，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，所述装货状态包括从船舶的艏部进行装货的艏部装货状态和从船舶的艉部进行装货的艉部装货状态。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，在所述艏部装货状态下，所述上层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，舯部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为停机状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，在所述艉部装货状态，所述上层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为进风状态，舯部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，所述下层货舱的艏部安装的可逆转风机设置为抽风状态，艉部安装的可逆转风机设置为停机状态。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，步骤S20还包 括对船舶内的汽车尾气含量进行检测，确定所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱所需的通风量，进而调节可逆转风机的进风量和抽风量。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，步骤S20中，在空气由船舶外部进入到所述上层货舱和所述下层货舱前对空气进行过滤。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的船舶货舱通风方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S20中，在可逆转风机运行过程中对其进行降噪处理：在安装有可逆转风机的通风道内铺设隔音材料。
  9. 一种船舶货舱通风系统，其特征在于，包括设置于上层货舱的艏部的第一可逆转风机、设置于所述上层货舱的舯部的第二可逆转风机、设置于下层货舱的艏部的第三可逆转风机、设置于下层货舱的艉部的第四可逆转风机和分别对应所述第一可逆转风机、所述第二可逆转风机、所述第三可逆转风机及所述第四可逆转风机设置的多个通风道，所述第一可逆转风机、所述第二可逆转风机、所述第三可逆转风机及所述第四可逆转风机的下方均设置有消音挡板，所述通风道的内壁上铺设有隔音材料。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的船舶货舱通风系统，其特征在于，在所述上层货舱与所述下层货舱内设置有用于检测空气中的汽车尾气含量的汽车尾气探测器和用于对所述第一可逆转风机、所述第二可逆转风机、所述第三可逆转风机及所述第四可逆转风机的转速进行控制的变频控制器。
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