WO2019004208A1 - フッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部、フッ素電解槽、及びフッ素ガスの製造方法 - Google Patents
フッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部、フッ素電解槽、及びフッ素ガスの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019004208A1 WO2019004208A1 PCT/JP2018/024186 JP2018024186W WO2019004208A1 WO 2019004208 A1 WO2019004208 A1 WO 2019004208A1 JP 2018024186 W JP2018024186 W JP 2018024186W WO 2019004208 A1 WO2019004208 A1 WO 2019004208A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/63—Holders for electrodes; Positioning of the electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
- C25B1/245—Fluorine; Compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion, a fluorine electrolytic cell, and a method of producing fluorine gas.
- fluorine gas is most industrially produced by a method of heating KF ⁇ 2HF molten salt to 70 ° C. to 90 ° C. and performing electrolysis.
- fluorine gas is generated from the anode part and hydrogen gas is generated from the cathode part.
- Amorphous carbon is generally used as an anode in an electrolytic cell that generates fluorine gas by the electrolysis of KF ⁇ 2HF molten salt.
- Fluorine has the highest electronegativity among all elements and is extremely reactive. Therefore, it reacts violently with various compounds to form fluoride. From these reasons, the materials that can be used for the portion directly in contact with the fluorine gas, such as the inner surface of the electrolytic cell, the electrode portion and its supporting portion, are limited. As a material which can be used, for example, metals such as nickel, copper, lead, iron and aluminum whose surfaces are passivated with fluorine, or alloys thereof can be mentioned.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an example using a polytetrafluoroethylene gasket.
- a fluorine-based resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene is not a material completely inert to fluorine gas, but may be eroded by fluorine gas in an oxidative reaction to be thinned. In that case, the sealing performance of the anode attachment portion is lost, and there is a risk that the fluorine gas may leak out of the electrolytic cell.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment is characterized by a structure sealed by a seal reinforcing material which is a ceramic such as alumina and a fluorine resin sealing material such as polytetrafluoroethylene. Department is disclosed.
- the ceramic seal reinforcing material can suppress the erosion of fluorine to the fluorine resin sealing material, and can reduce the leakage of fluorine gas.
- sticker structure which made the polytetrafluoroethylene contain calcium fluoride is proposed.
- the leakage of the fluorine gas to the outside of the anode may not be sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a fluorine electrolytic cell anode attaching portion capable of sufficiently suppressing the leakage of fluorine to the outside of the anode, and a fluorine electrolytic cell provided with the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attaching portion And a method of producing fluorine gas using the fluorine electrolytic cell.
- the gap between the first packing and the outer package portion and the anode support portion is 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, preferably 0.2 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less with respect to the mixed gas of fluorine gas and oxygen gas. It has been discovered that the combustion reaction does not proceed even when the mixed gas of fluorine gas and oxygen gas is in contact with the fluorine resin if it is as follows, and the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention adopts the following means.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion encloses a side wall of a cylindrical anode support portion, and includes a plurality of annular packings stacked along the longitudinal direction thereof; A cylindrical exterior portion surrounding an outer periphery of the packing; and an annular tightening portion for clamping the plurality of packings and the exterior portion with respect to the anode support portion, and the longitudinal direction of the plurality of packings 1st packing located in the end by the side of the electrolytic solution tank of the direction consists of ceramics material, the 2nd packing adjacent to the 1st packing consists of resin, and the central axis of the anode support part and the exterior part match
- the inner diameter of the first packing is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm larger than the outer diameter of the anode support portion, and the outer diameter of the first packing is 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the exterior portion .
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion of the first aspect preferably has the following features (2) and (3). It is also preferable to use the features of (2) and (3) in combination.
- the first packing is made of one or more ceramic materials selected from alumina, calcium fluoride, potassium fluoride, yttria and zirconia. It is preferable that
- the second packing is formed of polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoro At least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer, and fluororubber It is preferable to consist of the above resin.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell according to the second aspect of the present invention comprises the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion described in any one of the above (1) to (3).
- the process for producing fluorine gas according to the third aspect of the present invention uses the fluorine electrolytic cell described in the above (4).
- the thickness of the first packing is 0.2 times to 1.5 times the inner diameter of the second packing. Is preferred.
- the thickness of the second packing is preferably 1.0 mm to 10 mm.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell as described in said (4) has an anode, a cylindrical anode support part, and an electrolyte solution tank.
- the manufacturing method of the fluorine gas as described in said (5) includes the process of electrolyzing KF * 2HF electrolyte solution, and producing
- the manufacturing method of the fluorine gas as described in said (9) includes the process of replenishing hydrogen fluoride to the said electrolyte solution.
- oxygen is also generated along with the fluorine gas.
- the present invention the occurrence of damage to the first packing and burning of the second packing due to fluorine gas, particularly due to fluorine gas generated at the initial stage of electrolysis, is prevented, and as a result, the effect of preventing fluorine from leaking out of the anode It is possible to obtain a sufficient fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion. Furthermore, by using a fluorine electrolytic cell equipped with the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion, production of fluorine gas by electrolysis can be stably performed for a long time from the initial stage of electrolysis.
- the first packing is attached to a portion of the supporting portion of the anode attachment portion of the fluorine electrolytic cell, which is in contact with the fluorine gas containing oxygen gas generated in the electrolytic solution tank main body and the anode.
- the present invention relates to a method of producing fluorine gas.
- FIG. 1 shows a fluorine electrolytic cell. It has been found that a fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion having a general structure, which is attached to the fluorine electrolytic cell shown in FIG. 1, exhibits generally stable performance and can prevent the leakage of fluorine. However, as a result of investigations by the present inventors, it was newly found that the first packing may be damaged and the second packing may be burnt particularly in the early stage of the electrolysis. We examined this phenomenon in detail.
- the upper left pipe is a hydrogen discharge line
- the upper right pipe is a fluorine gas discharge line.
- Surrounding the top of the anode is a partition wall for partitioning the generated gas within the electrolytic cell.
- the cathode is not described in FIG. 1, the electrolyzer itself may be considered as a cathode for easy understanding.
- the anode attachment part of this invention can be preferably used for a fluorine electrolytic cell as shown in FIG.
- the electrolytic solution used for fluorine electrolysis is prepared, for example, by adding hydrogen fluoride to KF ⁇ HF. For this reason, the electrolyte contains a certain amount of water.
- the electrolytic solution contains water, oxygen gas is generated simultaneously with the fluorine gas from the anode. As the water content in the electrolytic solution increases, the oxygen gas generated simultaneously with the fluorine gas increases.
- the amount of water in the electrolyte decreases and the amount of oxygen gas generated decreases.
- it is necessary to replenish the hydrogen fluoride consumed by the electrolysis for this reason, when water is contained in the hydrogen fluoride to be replenished, the amount of water in the fluorine electrolyte increases again.
- the generated fluorine gas may always contain oxygen gas, although the amount is different.
- the inventors of the present invention have confirmed that the reason is oxygen gas contained in fluorine gas. Did the experiment. Specifically, the inventors set polytetrafluoroethylene under conditions of fluorine gas or fluorine gas containing oxygen gas, and investigated its behavior.
- combustion start temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene changes depending on the mixed composition of fluorine gas and oxygen gas by performing the same experiment on the mixed gas of fluorine gas and oxygen gas. did.
- the combustion temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene at 4 mol% oxygen gas / 96 mol% fluorine gas is about 180 ° C.
- the combustion start temperature of polytetrafluoroethylene at 8 mol% oxygen gas / 92 mol% fluorine gas is 140 ° C. It has fallen.
- the combustion temperature of the vinylidene fluoride rubber which is a fluorine rubber
- fluorine rubber which is a fluorine rubber
- Non-fluorinated rubbers originally have a low combustion start temperature with 100% fluorine gas, but when oxygen gas is mixed in fluorine gas, the combustion start temperature is further lowered.
- the present inventors have found that when oxygen gas is mixed with fluorine gas, the influence on resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene starts at a lower temperature.
- the mechanism by which the flame retardancy (oxidizing power) is increased by mixing fluorine gas and oxygen gas is unknown.
- the temperature of the fluorine electrolysis in the KF ⁇ 2HF molten salt is about 90 ° C., and at the beginning of the electrolysis, a large amount of oxygen is generated due to the water content in the electrolyte. For this reason, it can be inferred that the influence on the resin material used for the electrode attachment portion also becomes large.
- Patent Document 1 the seal material is corroded by fluorine gas by shielding the seal material such as polytetrafluoroethylene with a ceramic seal material so that the fluorine gas and the seal material hardly contact with each other. It is described that it suppresses. Such a structure usually provides a favorable effect.
- the disadvantage occurs when fluorine gas containing a large amount of oxygen contacts a material such as polytetrafluoroethylene at the beginning of electrolysis (pre-electrolysis). .
- Patent Document 1 Since the contact area between the fluorine gas and the sealing material is very small, the structure of Patent Document 1 can obtain the effect of preventing the leakage to the fluorine gas, but in the case of the fluorine gas containing oxygen gas, the sufficient effect May not exert. That is, in a fluorine electrolytic cell having a plurality of anodes, in the structure of Patent Document 1, gas leakage may occur in some of the anode attachment parts. It is considered that fluorine gas containing oxygen gas causes undesirable effects such as swelling and deformation on resin materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene at lower temperatures.
- the sealing material made of resin swells due to the presence of oxygen gas in fluorine gas, stress is generated in the sealing reinforcing material, and it is presumed that the sealing reinforcing material is easily broken. Furthermore, in some cases, it is also presumed that the seal reinforcing material may fall down and the sealing material made of fluorocarbon resin may be exposed. As described above, it is presumed that the fluorine-containing gas containing oxygen gas results in erosion of the resin sealing material.
- Patent Document 2 in order to improve the resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene to fluorine gas, a seal structure in which calcium fluoride is contained in polytetrafluoroethylene is proposed.
- polytetrafluoroethylene contains calcium fluoride
- oxygen gas is contained in the fluorine gas
- the combustion reaction may proceed even at the electrolysis temperature. For this reason, it may not show sufficient effect as a seal structure.
- the present inventors diligently studied to solve this problem.
- the first packing made of ceramic is attached to a portion in contact with the fluorine gas containing oxygen gas generated in the electrolytic solution tank main body and the anode.
- the gap between the first packing and the contact portion between the anode support portion and the exterior portion is surprisingly 0.1 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, preferably 0.
- the present invention has been completed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fluorine electrolytic cell 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell 10 is electrically connected to an electrolytic solution tank 12 containing an electrolytic solution 11 (KF ⁇ 2HF molten salt etc.) which is a raw material for electrolysis, an anode main body 13 generating fluorine by electrolysis, and an anode main body 13.
- an electrolytic solution 11 KF ⁇ 2HF molten salt etc.
- An anode support portion 14 for passing a current for decomposition, an anode body fastening portion 15 for clamping the anode body 13 to the anode support portion 14, and a fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion 16 for supporting the anode support portion 14 are provided.
- the electrolytic solution tank 12 may have any size, for example, a size that can accommodate approximately 500 to 800 L of the electrolytic solution 11, for example, a width of approximately 2 to 3 m, a depth of approximately 1 m, and a height of approximately 0.8 m A degree of fluid reservoir can be used.
- Examples of the constituent material of the electrolytic solution tank 12 include monel or steel (carbon steel; CS).
- the anode support portion (anode post) 14 preferably has a cylindrical shape, and the diameter of the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is preferably about 15 mm or more and 35 mm or less.
- the constituent material of the anode support part 14 can be selected as needed, for example, copper, monel, nickel, steel etc. can be mentioned.
- the anode main body 13 can be selected according to need, but for example, a carbon electrode or the like made of a carbon material or the like of about 30 cm ⁇ 50 cm ⁇ 7 cm is preferably used. Generally, about 16 to 24 carbon electrodes are attached to one fluorine electrolytic cell 10. About the number of sheets attached, it adjusts according to the size of electrolytic vessel 10. Although FIG. 1 exemplifies a case where two carbon electrodes are attached, other numbers, for example, 16 to 24 carbon electrodes can be attached. In addition, it is also possible to configure the anode assembly by combining the clamping part, the mounting part, the support part and the plurality of anodes.
- a preferred amount of a preferred electrolyte eg, about 1.5 t of KF ⁇ 2HF, is placed in the electrolyte bath 12, and the preferred temperature and current value is, for example, 70 to 90 ° C.
- a preferred temperature and current value is, for example, 70 to 90 ° C.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell 10 can be provided with a plurality of fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portions 16 for supporting a carbon electrode that generates fluorine.
- the electrolysis temperature is preferably 70 to 100 ° C., more preferably 80 to 90 ° C.
- the current value is preferably 700 to 6000 A, more preferably 1000 to 5000 A.
- FIG. 2A and 2B are enlarged views of the cross section of the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion 16 of FIG.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion 16 surrounds the side wall of the cylindrical anode support portion 14 and includes a plurality of annular (ring-like) packings 17 to 19 stacked along the longitudinal direction D, and a plurality of packings 17 to It has a cylindrical exterior portion 23 surrounding the outer periphery of 19 and an annular fastening portion 24 for fastening the plurality of packings 17 to 19 and the exterior portion 23 to the anode support portion 14.
- an annular tightening portion 25 for directly tightening the anode support portion 14.
- the annular clamping portion 25 functions as a stopper to prevent the anode support 14 from sliding down in the longitudinal direction D.
- the first packing 17 located at the end (lowermost end in FIG. 2A) on the electrolyte tank side in the longitudinal direction D is in a mixed gas of fluorine and oxygen at normal pressure at around 100.degree. It is made of a ceramic material which does not cause a combustion reaction and has an insulating property. Examples of such a material include one or more ceramic materials selected from alumina, calcium fluoride, potassium fluoride, yttria, zirconia and the like.
- the Young's modulus of the first packing 17 is preferably 100 GPa or more and 500 Gpa or less.
- the Vickers hardness of the first packing 17 is preferably 5 or more and 30 or less.
- the thickness of the first packing 17 is appropriately designed in accordance with the influence on the seal, the durability of the material, and the like.
- the thickness of the first packing 17 is preferably 0.2 times to 1.5 times the inner diameter of the second packing 18, and more preferably 0.3 times to 1.0 times. If it is 0.2 times or more, it is preferable because problems with the durability of the material do not occur (it becomes easy to be broken). If it is 1.5 times or less, the manufacturing cost of the packing is not high, which is preferable from the economical point of view.
- the thickness of the second packing 18 is appropriately designed in accordance with the influence on the seal, the durability of the material, and the like.
- the thickness of the second packing 18 is preferably 1.0 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 2.0 mm to 6.0 mm.
- the second packing 18 adjacent to the first packing 17 in the longitudinal direction D is an insulator, and is made of a resin material which hardly reacts with fluorine if the temperature is 100 ° C. or less.
- a resin material which hardly reacts with fluorine if the temperature is 100 ° C. or less.
- materials for example, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer, polyvinylidene fluoride And at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polychlorotrifluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer, fluororubber, or polytetrafluoroethylene kneaded with calcium fluoride.
- polytetrafluoroethylene is preferred.
- the thickness of the second packing 18 is preferably 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or more and 6 mm or less, and still more preferably about 5 mm.
- the Young's modulus of the second packing 17 is preferably 0.01 GPa or more and 2 Gpa or less.
- the number of second packings 18 can be arbitrarily selected, and, for example, 1 to 2 or 1 to 5 can be mentioned as an example.
- the plurality of third packings 19 other than the first packing 17 and the second packing 18 may have insulation properties and flexibility.
- the third packing 19 is preferably made of Viton (trademark) (fluorinated rubber), natural rubber, neoprene (trademark) rubber or the like. Further, it is preferable that each have a thickness of 1 mm or more, and a total thickness of a plurality of sheets further have a thickness of about 3 to 4 times that of the second packing.
- an annular sleeve base washer 20, an insulating sleeve 21, and a metal sleeve 22 are further provided on the third packing 19 located at the other end (upper end in FIG. 2A). And the central axis are substantially aligned.
- the sleeve base washer 20 is stacked on the other end side (upper end in FIG. 2A) of the third packing 19.
- the insulating sleeve 21 and the metal sleeve 22 are laminated as shown.
- a second sleeve base washer 20 is stacked on top of them via the tightening portion 24.
- the insulating sleeve (Bakelite sleeve) 21 is a member for electrically insulating the anode support 14 and the metal sleeve 22, and is disposed between the anode support 14 and the metal sleeve 22.
- the thickness (length) of the insulating sleeve 21 is preferably larger than the metal sleeve 22.
- the thickness of the insulating sleeve 21 is more preferably about 22 mm, which is 2 mm larger than the metal sleeve.
- the insulating sleeve 21 may be an integral member or a composite member in which a plurality of members are combined.
- the constituent material of the insulating sleeve 21 can be arbitrarily selected, and examples thereof include a Teflon tube, vinyl chloride, a phenol resin and the like.
- the metal sleeve (steel sleeve) 22 is a member for suppressing packing and the like on the lower layer side together with the tightening portion 24. There is no particular limitation on the dimensions of the metal sleeve 22.
- the metal sleeve 21 may be an integral member or a composite member in which a plurality of members are combined.
- the constituent material of the metal sleeve 22 can be selected arbitrarily, and examples thereof include iron materials having a predetermined hardness such as stainless steel (SUS) and carbon steel (CS).
- the sleeve base washer 20 is an insulating member made of a hard resin.
- the thickness of the sleeve base washer 20 is preferably 3 mm or more from the viewpoint of obtaining strength.
- the constituent material of the sleeve base washer 20 can be arbitrarily selected, and examples thereof include Teflon (registered trademark), wood, phenol resin and the like.
- Table 1 shows an example of the inner diameter dimension and the outer diameter dimension of the first packing 17 and each member on the first packing 17 before being attached to the position of each layer.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Neoprene trademark
- the outer diameter of the anode support portion is 20 mm
- the inner diameter of the exterior portion is 40.5 mm, to which these should be attached.
- the inner diameter of the exterior part can be selected arbitrarily, but is preferably 1.5 times to 2.5 times the outer diameter of the anode support, and more preferably 1.8 times to 2.2 times. If the width is 1.5 times or more, the width of the packing is not narrowed, the distance between the anode support portion 14 and the exterior portion 23 is not shortened, and the electrolytic solution adheres to this gap to lower the insulation performance. Preferred because there is no If it is 2.5 times or less, the contact area between the packing and the packing seat 23a does not become too large, and there is no need to fasten with a very large torque in order to maintain the air tightness performance.
- the width of the packing seat 23a that is, in the case where the first packing has a donut shape, the width of a portion of the bottom surface of the first packing in contact with the exterior portion 23 is preferably the outer diameter of the second packing. It is 0.1 times to 0.8 times 1/2 of the value of the difference in inner diameter, and more preferably 0.4 times to 0.6 times.
- variety of the packing seat 23a does not become narrow too much that it is 0.1 times or more, and sealing performance does not deteriorate, and it is preferable.
- the distance of the exterior part 23 and the anode support part 14 does not become short too much that it is 0.8 times or less, electrolyte solution does not adhere to this clearance gap, and insulation performance is not reduced, which is preferable.
- a nut (clamping portion) 24 is screwed onto the outer wall surface of the exterior portion 23 and is attached so as to be able to move the nut along the longitudinal direction D of the anode support portion by rotating.
- the metal sleeve 22, the sleeve base washer 20, the third packing 19, and the second packing 18 are sequentially compressed in the thickness direction by being tightened with the nut 24 from the top 22 a side of the metal sleeve, and perpendicular to the thickness direction Expand radially.
- the electrolytic solution tank 12 and the exterior portion 23 are electrically conducted. However, the electrolytic solution tank 12, the exterior portion 23, the anode support portion 14, and the anode main body 13 are interposed between the sleeve base washer 20, the insulating sleeve 21, the first packing 17, the second packing 18, and the third packing 19. It is insulated.
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of a cross section of the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion 16 of FIG. 2A taken along a plane passing the line A-A '.
- the inner diameter 17r of the first packing is larger than the outer diameter 14R of the anode support by 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm (preferably 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm). Further, the outer diameter 17R of the first packing is smaller than the inner diameter 23r of the outer packaging portion by 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm (preferably 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm).
- the central axes of the anode support portion 14 and the exterior portion 23 are configured to substantially coincide within a range of 0.1 mm or less.
- the degree of eccentricity of the three central axes is preferably as small as possible.
- a filler a metal wire or the like
- the degree of eccentricity between the central axes of the anode support portion 14 and the exterior portion 23 and the central axis of the first packing 17 can be reduced.
- a step is provided on the surface 23a of the packing seat that supports the first packing 17 so that the anode support 14 side is recessed, and the degree of eccentricity is similarly reduced by placing the first packing 17 in the recessed portion. be able to.
- the maximum value of the distance d 1 between the outer and inner walls of the first packing 17 of anode support portion 14, both of the maximum value of the distance d 2 between the outer and inner walls of the outer portion 23 of the first packing 17 0.2 mm It is not less than 1.0 mm, preferably not less than 0.4 mm and not more than 0.8 mm.
- each of the distances d 1 and d 2 is 0.2 mm or more, even if the second packing 18 is expanded in the thickness direction by the fluorine gas containing oxygen gas generated at the initial stage of electrolysis, The stress rise generated in the first packing 17 can be suppressed, and the stress cracking of the first packing can be prevented.
- the maximum value of the distances d 1 and d 2 is in the range of 1.0 mm or less, a combustion reaction between the mixed gas and the second packing is unlikely to occur, and thus no flame is generated. Burnout can be prevented.
- the upper limit value is estimated to correspond to the extinction distance of the mixed gas.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion was prepared in substantially the same manner as the above embodiment shown in FIG. 1, 2A or 2B. Specifically, the first packing is installed at a portion where the lowermost portion of the packing structure contacts the mixed gas of fluorine gas and oxygen gas generated by electrolysis, and the electrode is held on the upper portion thereof.
- a fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment portion provided with a second packing, a third packing (neoprene rubber), a sleeve base washer (Bakelite), a metal sleeve, and an insulating sleeve was prepared.
- the attachment portion was attached to a fluorine electrolytic cell to produce fluorine gas.
- a packing made of alumina was used as the first packing 17, and a packing made of polytetrafluoroethylene was used as the second packing.
- the present embodiment is different from the above embodiment in the following point with respect to the difference in size between the first packing and its peripheral members. That is, for the first packing and the second packing, when the central axes of the first packing and the second packing are aligned, the inner diameter of the first packing is 0.1 mm larger than the inner diameter of the second packing, and the outer diameter of the first packing is the second It was selected to be smaller by 0.1 mm than the outer diameter of the packing.
- the inner diameter of the first packing was larger by 0.1 mm than the outer diameter of the anode support portion, and the outer diameter of the first packing was smaller than the inner diameter of the exterior portion by 0.1 mm. Therefore, the maximum value of the distance d 1 between the inner wall and the outer wall of the anode supporting portion of the first packing, the maximum value of the distance d 2 between the outer and inner walls of the outer portion of the first packing are all became 0.1mm .
- An electrolytic cell with 48 anode fittings was used. Each anode attachment part was tightened and attached to the electrode.
- this electrolytic cell about 1.5 t of KF ⁇ 2HF molten salt containing about 0.5 wt% of water was stored, and while supplying hydrogen fluoride thereto as needed, the electrolysis by electricity was conducted at an electrolysis temperature of 90 ° C. .
- the current was gradually increased from about 1000 A to about 5000 A until the current flow amount was 100 KAH (kiloampere time).
- the anode gas generated during the electrolysis was a mixed gas of fluorine gas and oxygen gas.
- the energization was stopped, the electrolytic cell was disassembled, and the anode attachment portion was confirmed.
- the first packing made of alumina ceramic was broken at 24 points.
- the inner diameter of the first packing is 2.0 mm larger than the outer diameter of the anode support portion, and the outer diameter of the first packing is 2.0 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the exterior portion.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment part of the structure similar to the comparative example 1 was attached to a fluorine electrolytic cell except it, and manufacture of fluorine gas was performed.
- the magnitude of the current was gradually increased from about 1000 A, and electrolysis was performed until the current reached 4000 A.
- the total amount of charge flowed reached 70 KAH (kiloampere time)
- the fluorine electrolytic cell was disassembled to confirm the state of the anode attachment portion.
- the first packing alumina ceramic
- the second packing polytetrafluoroethylene
- the second packing has a large burnout, starting from the part (inner wall part) of the gap in contact with the mixed gas of fluorine gas and oxygen gas in the first packing. confirmed. It is presumed that the leakage of fluorine gas occurred through this burnt part.
- Example 1 In this example, the inner diameter of the first packing is larger by 0.6 mm than the outer diameter of the anode support portion, and the outer diameter of the first packing is smaller by 0.6 mm than the inner diameter of the exterior portion.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment part of the structure similar to the comparative example 1 was attached to a fluorine electrolytic cell except it, and manufacture of fluorine gas was performed.
- Example 2 In this example, the inner diameter of the first packing is 1.0 mm larger than the outer diameter of the anode support portion, and the outer diameter of the first packing is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer covering portion by 1.0 mm.
- the fluorine electrolytic cell anode attachment part of the structure similar to the comparative example 1 was attached to a fluorine electrolytic cell except it, and manufacture of fluorine gas was performed.
- the magnitude of the current was gradually increased from about 1000 A, and electrolysis was performed by passing current until 5000 A was reached.
- the total amount of charge flowed reached 100 KAH (kiloampere time)
- a current was further applied to conduct electricity until the charge amount reached 30,000 KAH.
- the maximum value of the two distances d 1 and d 2 was 1.0 mm or less. Therefore, the width is shorter than the extinction distance of the fluorine gas containing oxygen gas, and no combustion reaction occurs between the mixed gas and the second packing, so that no flame is generated and the burnout of the second packing can be prevented. It is guessed that
- the present invention can be widely used as a technique for preventing the leakage of fluorine from a manufacturing apparatus in the process of producing fluorine by electrolysis.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2017年6月30日に、日本に出願された特願2017-129277号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(2)前記(1)に記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部において、前記第1パッキンは、アルミナ、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化カリウム、イットリアまたはジルコニアから選ばれる1種または2種以上のセラミック材からなることが好ましい。
(7)前記(1)から(3)及び(6)のいずれかに記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部は、第2パッキンの厚みが、1.0mm~10mmであることが好ましい。
(8)前記(4)に記載のフッ素電解槽は、陽極、円筒状の陽極支持部、及び電解液槽を有することが好ましい。
(9)前記(5)に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法は、KF・2HF電解液の電気分解を行って、陽極からフッ素ガス、および負極から水素ガスを発生させる工程を含むことが好ましい。
(10)前記(9)に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法は、フッ化水素を前記電解液に補給する工程を含むことが好ましい。
(11)前記(9)又は(10)に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法は、フッ素ガスと共に酸素も発生することが好ましい。
なお、以下の説明で用いる図面は、特徴をわかりやすくするために、便宜上特徴となる部分を拡大して示している場合がある。各構成要素の寸法比率などは図面と同じであってもよく、異なっていても良い。また、以下の説明において例示される材料、寸法等は好ましい一例であって、本発明はそれらのみに限定されるものではなく、その要旨を変更しない範囲で適宜変更して実施することが可能である。すなわち、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、数や位置やサイズや部材等などについて、省略、追加、変更、置換、交換などが可能である。
図1はフッ素電解槽を示す。図1に示すフッ素電解槽に取り付けられるような、一般的な構造のフッ素電解槽陽極取付け部は、おおむね安定した性能を示し、フッ素の漏洩を防ぐことができることが分かっていた。しかしながら、本発明者らが調べたところ、特に電解の初期に、第1パッキンが破損し、第2パッキンが焼損する場合があることが新たに分かった。本発明者らは、この現象について詳細に調べた。なお図1において、左上のパイプは水素排出ラインであり、右上のパイプはフッ素ガス排出ラインである。陽極の上部を囲んでいるのは、発生するガスを電解槽内で仕切るための、仕切り壁である。なお図1に陰極の記載はないが、理解を容易にするために、電解槽本体そのものを陰極と考えても良い。
なお図1に示すようなフッ素電解槽に、本発明の陽極取り付け部は好ましく使用することができる。
すなわち、4モル%酸素ガス/96モル%フッ素ガスでポリテトラフルオロエチレンの燃焼温度は約180℃、8モル%酸素ガス/92モル%フッ素ガスでポリテトラフルオロエチレンの燃焼開始温度は140℃に低下した。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係るフッ素電解槽10の概略断面図である。フッ素電解槽10は、電気分解の原料である電解液11(KF・2HF溶融塩等)が収容される電解液槽12、電気分解によってフッ素が発生する陽極本体13、陽極本体13に対して電気分解用の電流を流す陽極支持部14、陽極本体13を陽極支持部14に締め付ける陽極本体締付部15、陽極支持部14を支えるためのフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部16を備えている。
第1パッキン17のビッカース硬さは、5以上30以下であることが好ましい。
0.1倍以上であると、パッキン座23aの幅が狭すぎることがなく、シール性能が悪化せず好ましい。また、0.8倍以下であると、外装部23と陽極支持部14との距離が近くなりすぎることがなく、この隙間に電解液が付着して絶縁性能を低下させることがなく、好ましい。
図1や図2Aや図2Bに示した上記実施形態とほぼ同様に、フッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部を用意した。具体的には、パッキン構造部の一番下の部分が電気分解により発生したフッ素ガスと酸素ガスの混合ガスに接触する部分に、第1パッキンを設置し、その上部に、電極を保持するための構造として、第2パッキン、第3パッキン(ネオプレンゴム)、スリーブベースワッシャー(ベークライト)、金属スリーブ、絶縁スリーブを設置した、フッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部を用意した。
この取り付け部を、フッ素電解槽に取り付け、フッ素ガスの製造を行った。第1パッキン17としてアルミナ製のパッキンを用い、第2パッキンとしてポリテトラフルオロエチレン製のパッキンを用いた。
本例では、第1パッキンの内径は陽極支持部の外径よりも2.0mm大きく、第1パッキンの外径は外装部内径より2.0mm小さくした。それ以外については比較例1と同様の構成のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部を、フッ素電解槽に取り付け、フッ素ガスの製造を行った。
本例では、第1パッキンの内径は陽極支持部の外径よりも0.6mm大きく、第1パッキンの外径は外装部内径より0.6mm小さくした。それ以外については比較例1と同様の構成のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部を、フッ素電解槽に取り付け、フッ素ガスの製造を行った。
本例では、第1パッキンの内径は陽極支持部の外径よりも1.0mm大きく、第1パッキンの外径は外装部内径より1.0mm小さくした。それ以外については比較例1と同様の構成のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部を、フッ素電解槽に取り付け、フッ素ガスの製造を行った。
11・・・電解液
12・・・電解液槽
13・・・陽極本体
14・・・陽極支持部
14R・・・陽極支持部の外径
15・・・陽極本体締付部
16・・・フッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部
17・・・第1パッキン
17R・・・第1パッキンの外径
17r・・・第1パッキンの内径
18・・・第2パッキン
19・・・第3パッキン
20・・・スリーブベースワッシャー
21・・・絶縁スリーブ
22・・・金属スリーブ
22a・・・金属スリーブの頂部
23・・・外装部
23a・・・パッキン座の表面
23r・・・外装部の内径
24・・・締付部(ナット)
25・・・締付部
D・・・長手方向
d1・・・第1パッキンと陽極支持部との距離
d2・・・第1パッキンと外装部との距離
Claims (11)
- 円筒状の陽極支持部の側壁を囲み、その長手方向に沿って積み重ねられた環状の複数のパッキンと、
前記複数のパッキンの外周を囲む円筒状の外装部と、
前記複数のパッキンおよび前記外装部を、前記陽極支持部に対して締め付ける環状の締付部と、を有し、
前記複数のパッキンのうち、前記長手方向の電解液槽側の端に位置する第1パッキンがセラミック材からなり、前記第1パッキンに隣接する第2パッキンが樹脂からなり、
前記陽極支持部と前記外装部の中心軸が一致しており、
前記第1パッキンの内径が、前記陽極支持部の外径より0.2mm~1.0mm大きく、
前記第1パッキンの外径が、前記外装部の内径より0.2mm~1.0mm小さいことを特徴とするフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部。 - 前記第1パッキンが、アルミナ、フッ化カルシウム、フッ化カリウム、イットリアまたはジルコニアから選ばれる1種または2種以上のセラミック材からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部。
- 前記第2パッキンが、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン・パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン・エチレン共重合体、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオエチレン・エチレン共重合体、及びフッ素ゴムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上の樹脂からなることを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部を具備していることを特徴とするフッ素電解槽。
- 請求項4に記載のフッ素電解槽を用いることを特徴とするフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- 第1パッキンの厚みが、第2パッキンの内径の0.2倍~1.5倍である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部。
- 第2パッキンの厚みが、1.0mm~10mmである、請求項1から3及び6のいずれかに記載のフッ素電解槽陽極取り付け部。
- 陽極、円筒状の陽極支持部、及び電解液槽を有する、請求項4に記載のフッ素電解槽。
- KF・2HF電解液の電気分解を行って、陽極からフッ素ガス、および負極から水素ガスを発生させる工程を含む、請求項5に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- フッ化水素を前記電解液に補給する工程を含む、請求項9に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
- フッ素ガスと共に酸素も発生する、請求項9又は10に記載のフッ素ガスの製造方法。
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US16/624,938 US11492712B2 (en) | 2017-06-30 | 2018-06-26 | Anode mounting member of fluorine electrolytic cell, fluorine electrolytic cell, and method for producing fluorine gas |
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