WO2018216168A1 - 電動機、圧縮機および空気調和装置 - Google Patents
電動機、圧縮機および空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018216168A1 WO2018216168A1 PCT/JP2017/019557 JP2017019557W WO2018216168A1 WO 2018216168 A1 WO2018216168 A1 WO 2018216168A1 JP 2017019557 W JP2017019557 W JP 2017019557W WO 2018216168 A1 WO2018216168 A1 WO 2018216168A1
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- electric motor
- winding
- teeth
- yoke portion
- axis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
- F04C29/0042—Driving elements, brakes, couplings, transmissions specially adapted for pumps
- F04C29/0085—Prime movers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/02—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units
- F25B31/026—Compressor arrangements of motor-compressor units with compressor of rotary type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
- H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric motor, a compressor, and an air conditioner.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose ones using wave windings in which the coil end portion can be made smaller than concentric windings.
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-136195 see FIG. 3
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-126628 see FIGS. 1 to 3
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and aims to suppress vibration and noise and increase the flow rate of refrigerant during operation of the electric motor.
- An electric motor of the present invention is an electric motor used for a compressor, and includes a yoke portion extending in a circumferential direction centering on an axis, and a plurality of rows extending from the yoke portion toward the axis and arranged in the circumferential direction.
- S the number of teeth
- S / P ⁇ 6 is established.
- the yoke portion has a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant flows in the direction of the axis.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an electric motor according to a first embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the electric motor which is not winding the coil
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an electric motor wound with a winding according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is the schematic diagram (A) showing the flow of magnetic flux in the teeth and the yoke of Embodiment 1, and a schematic diagram (B) showing an enlarged periphery of the teeth.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a winding according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an enlarged part of the winding according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing one winding portion of the winding according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing two winding portions of the winding according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a winding portion inserted into the same slot of the stator of the first embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the electric motor of a comparative example. It is a graph which shows the relationship between ratio S / P of the slot number S and the number of poles P, and the winding coefficient of a fundamental wave. It is a graph which shows the relationship between S / P and a tertiary winding coefficient.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing electric motor 100 of the first embodiment.
- the electric motor 100 is a brushless DC motor, and is used for a compressor 500 (FIG. 19) described later.
- the electric motor 100 is an embedded permanent magnet electric motor in which a permanent magnet 32 is embedded in the rotor 3.
- the electric motor 100 includes a stator 1 and a rotor 3 that is rotatably provided inside the stator 1. An air gap is provided between the stator 1 and the rotor 3.
- the stator 1 is incorporated in the cylindrical shell 4 of the compressor 500.
- the rotor 3 includes a cylindrical rotor core 30 and a permanent magnet 32 attached to the rotor core 30.
- the rotor core 30 is formed by, for example, laminating electromagnetic steel sheets having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.7 mm in the direction of the rotation axis and fixing by caulking or the like.
- a circular shaft hole 34 is formed at the radial center of the rotor core 30.
- a shaft 35 that is a rotating shaft is fixed to the shaft hole by press fitting.
- An axis C ⁇ b> 1 that is the central axis of the shaft 35 forms a rotation axis of the rotor 3.
- axial direction a direction of the axis C1 of the shaft 35
- circumferential direction a circumferential direction centering on the axis C1
- radial direction A radial direction centered on the axis C1 is referred to as a “radial direction”.
- a plurality of magnet insertion holes 31 are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction along the outer periphery of the rotor core 30.
- the number of magnet insertion holes 31 is four.
- the magnet insertion hole 31 penetrates the rotor core 30 in the axial direction.
- the magnet insertion hole 31 extends linearly along the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 30.
- a permanent magnet 32 is disposed inside the magnet insertion hole 31.
- the permanent magnet 32 is a flat plate-like member having a length in the axial direction, a width in the circumferential direction, and a thickness in the radial direction.
- One permanent magnet 32 is disposed in one magnet insertion hole 31.
- a configuration in which a plurality of permanent magnets 32 are arranged in one magnet insertion hole 31 is also possible.
- the number of poles P of the rotor 3 is four. However, the number of poles P of the rotor 3 is not limited to 4 and may be 2 or more.
- one magnet insertion hole 31 and one permanent magnet 32 correspond to one magnetic pole, but a plurality of magnet insertion holes 31 may correspond to one magnetic pole.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 32 may correspond to the magnetic pole.
- the circumferential center of the magnet insertion hole 31 is the pole center.
- the magnet insertion hole 31 extends in a direction orthogonal to a radial straight line passing through the pole center (also referred to as a magnetic pole center line). There is a gap between the adjacent magnet insertion holes 31.
- the permanent magnet 32 is composed of a rare earth sintered magnet containing neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), boron (B), and dysprosium (Dy). Since the rare earth sintered magnet has a high residual magnetic flux density, the axial length of the rotor 3 necessary for obtaining a desired output can be reduced.
- Each permanent magnet 32 is magnetized so that the radially outer side and the radially inner side have opposite magnetic poles. Further, the permanent magnets 32 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction have opposite magnetic poles facing the outer peripheral side.
- Flux barriers 33 are formed at both ends of the magnet insertion hole 31 in the circumferential direction.
- the flux barrier 33 is a gap extending in the radial direction from the circumferential end of the magnet insertion hole 31 toward the outer periphery of the rotor core 30.
- the flux barrier 33 is provided to suppress leakage magnetic flux between adjacent magnetic poles (that is, magnetic flux flowing through the poles).
- the stator 1 includes a stator core 10 and a winding 2 (FIG. 3) wound around the stator core 10 by wave winding.
- the stator core 10 is obtained by, for example, laminating electromagnetic steel sheets having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.7 mm in the axial direction and fixing them by a crimping portion 17.
- the stator core 10 includes an annular yoke portion 11 and a plurality of teeth 12 extending radially inward from the yoke portion 11.
- the number of teeth 12 is 36.
- the width (the length in the circumferential direction) of the tooth 12 becomes narrower as it approaches the tip of the tooth 12, that is, the radially inner side.
- a slot 13 is formed between teeth 12 adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the slot 13 is a portion that accommodates the winding 2 wound around the tooth 12 and extends in the radial direction.
- the number of slots 13 is the same as the number of teeth 12 and is referred to as slot number S. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the number of slots S is 36, and nine slots 13 correspond to one magnetic pole of the rotor 3.
- the number of slots S is 3n (n is a natural number) times the number of poles P. Therefore, the ratio (ratio) S / P of the slot number S to the pole number P is, for example, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or the like. Note that S / P is also referred to as a ratio between the number of slots S and the number of poles P for simplicity.
- the stator core 10 is formed with a through hole 15 penetrating the stator core 10 in the axial direction.
- the through holes 15 are formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction in the yoke portion 11. Here, six through holes 15 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the through hole 15 constitutes a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant passes in the axial direction.
- the through hole 15 is a hole through which the refrigerant gas passes, it is also called an air hole.
- the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 15 is circular here, but is not limited to a circular shape.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the electric motor 100 in a state where the winding 2 is not wound around the stator core 10.
- the yoke portion 11 of the stator core 10 has a cylindrical outer peripheral surface 18, and the outer peripheral surface 18 is fitted to the inner peripheral surface 41 of the cylindrical shell 4.
- a notch 16 is formed on the outer peripheral surface 18 of the stator core 10.
- the notch 16 is obtained by notching the cylindrical outer peripheral surface 18 with a plane parallel to the axis C1.
- the notch portion 16 has a shape (that is, a string-like shape) in which the outer periphery of the yoke portion 11 is notched linearly on a surface orthogonal to the axis C1.
- the notch portion 16 is formed at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction in the yoke portion 11. Here, the six notches 16 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the notch 16 constitutes a refrigerant passage that allows the refrigerant to pass in the axial direction between the inner peripheral surface 41 of the shell 4.
- both the through hole 15 and the notch 16 of the stator core 10 constitute a refrigerant passage. Since the refrigerant passage (through hole 15 and notch portion 16) is formed in the stator 1 as described above, the refrigerant flows more easily than in the case where the refrigerant passage is formed in the rotor 3.
- the through holes 15 and the notches 16 are the same number (here, 6) and are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction. That is, the through hole 15 is located between the notches 16 adjacent in the circumferential direction, and the notch 16 is located between the through holes 15 adjacent in the circumferential direction. Thereby, the distribution in the circumferential direction of the refrigerant flow rate becomes uniform.
- a caulking portion 17 that fixes the electromagnetic steel plates of the stator core 10 to each other is formed in the yoke portion 11. This is because the caulking portion 17 does not hinder the flow of magnetic flux.
- current is easy to flow in the axial direction in the caulking portion 17, and when the caulking portion 17 is formed in the tooth 12, an eddy current is generated due to the time change of the magnetic flux flowing in the tooth 12.
- the crimping portion 17 is formed at a position corresponding to the circumferential center of the notch portion 16 on the outer peripheral side of the yoke portion 11.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the electric motor 100 in which the winding 2 is wound around the stator core 10.
- the winding 2 is wound around the 36 teeth 12 of the stator core 10 by wave winding. Since the coil
- the winding 2 is wound by wave winding, the amount of projection of the winding 2 from the stator core 10 in the axial direction is small compared to the case of winding by concentric winding. That is, since the coil end portion that does not contribute to the generation of the driving force is small in the entire length of the winding 2, a desired torque can be obtained with a smaller current, and the motor efficiency is improved. Moreover, since the protrusion amount of the winding 2 in the axial direction is small, the length of the electric motor 100 in the axial direction is short.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram for explaining the dimensions of each part of the electric motor 100.
- the diameter of the stator 1, that is, the diameter D ⁇ b> 1 of the stator core 10 is set to a length that fits the inner peripheral surface 41 of the shell 4.
- the diameter of the rotor 3 (that is, the diameter of the rotor core 30) D2 is, for example, 60 mm to 120 mm.
- FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram showing a part of the stator 1 in an enlarged manner.
- the width of the tooth 12 becomes narrower as the tip 12a of the tooth 12 approaches.
- W1 the width at the tip 12a (inner end in the radial direction) of the tooth 12
- W2 the width at the root 12b (outer end in the radial direction) of the tooth 12
- Wt (W1 + W2) / 2.
- the average width Wt of the teeth 12 is the width of the magnetic path that flows in the radial direction in the teeth 12, and is also simply referred to as the width Wt.
- the length of the teeth 12 in the radial direction (that is, the distance from the root portion 12b to the tip portion 12a) is H1.
- H1 is also the length of the slot 13.
- the distance (yoke width) from the root portion 12b of the tooth 12 to the outer peripheral surface 18 of the yoke portion 11 is defined as H2.
- the yoke width H2 is the width of a magnetic path that flows in the circumferential direction in the yoke portion 11.
- the windings 2 are arranged in a line.
- the circumferential width Ws of the slot 13 is set to such a width that the windings 2 are arranged in a line. That is, the slot 13 has a rectangular shape having a circumferential width Ws and a radial length H1.
- the radially inner end of the slot 13 is an opening 13a into which the winding 2 is inserted, and the radially outer end is a terminal end 13b.
- FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram showing the flow of magnetic flux in the teeth 12 and the yoke portion 11.
- the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 32 of the rotor 3 flows into the teeth 12 from the tip portion 12a, flows radially outward in the teeth 12, flows into the yoke portion 11 from the root portion 12b, and both sides of the yoke portion 11 in the circumferential direction. Flowing into.
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing the teeth 12, the slots 13, and the yoke portion 11 in an enlarged manner.
- the through hole 15 is formed in the yoke portion 11 at a position facing the root portion 12 b of the tooth 12. More specifically, the through hole 15 is formed on a radial straight line C ⁇ b> 2 passing through the center in the circumferential direction of the tooth 12. The shortest distance from the slot 13 to the through hole 15 is T1.
- the shortest distance T1 from the slot 13 to the through hole 15 is set to be longer than 1 ⁇ 2 of the average width Wt of the teeth 12. This is to prevent the magnetic flux flowing from the tooth 12 into the yoke portion 11 as much as possible. Since the average width Wt of the teeth 12 is (W1 + W2) / 2, T1 is set so as to satisfy T1 ⁇ (W1 + W2) / 4.
- the winding 2 is a conductor (for example, copper) coated with a corrosion-resistant film such as a polyesterimide or polyamideimide film.
- winding 2 is for contacting the refrigerant
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing only the winding 2 wound by wave winding.
- Winding 2 includes linear portion 22 inserted into slot 13 (FIG. 1), coil end portion 21 extending in the circumferential direction at one axial end surface of rotor core 30, and the other axial end surface of rotor core 30. And a coil end portion 23 extending in the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view showing a part of the coil end portion 21 of the winding 2.
- nine winding portions 20 are wound at the same radial winding position (for example, the innermost circumferential position) while shifting the circumferential position by one slot.
- Three of the nine winding portions 20 wound on the innermost periphery are referred to as winding portions 20a, 20b, and 20c.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing one winding portion 20a taken out.
- the winding portion 20a includes two coil end portions 21a, four linear portions 22a, and two coil end portions 23a.
- the winding portion 20 a is wound so as to straddle the nine teeth 12. That is, the straight portion 22a of the winding portion 20a is inserted into every nine slots 13.
- the coil end portion 21a extends so as to connect one axial end (the upper end in FIG. 8) of the linear portion 22a, and the coil end portion 23a connects the other axial end (the lower end in FIG. 8) of the linear portion 22a. It extends to connect.
- the coil end portions 21a and the coil end portions 23a are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction around the axis C1.
- a nose portion 25a that is displaced in the radial direction by a displacement amount E1 is provided at the center portion in the circumferential direction of the coil end portion 21a.
- the coil end portion 21a extends in the circumferential direction around the axis C1, and is displaced radially inward by the displacement amount E1 at the nose portion 25a. It extends in the direction indicated by.
- a nose portion 26a that is displaced by a displacement amount E1 in the radial direction is provided at the center portion in the circumferential direction of the coil end portion 23a.
- the coil end portion 23a extends in the circumferential direction around the axis C1, and is displaced radially outward by the nose portion 26a by the displacement amount E1. It extends in the direction indicated by.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing two winding portions 20a and 20b. Similar to the winding portion 20a, the winding portion 20b has two coil end portions 21b, four linear portions 22b, and two coil end portions 23b.
- the linear portion 22b of the winding portion 20b is at a position shifted by one slot clockwise with respect to the axis C1 with respect to the linear portion 22a of the winding portion 20a.
- Nose portions 25b and 26b are respectively formed at the center portions in the circumferential direction of the coil end portions 21b and 23b, similarly to the nose portions 25a and 26a of the coil end portions 21a and 23a.
- the coil end portions 21a and 21b of the winding portions 20a and 20b overlap in the axial direction and extend in the circumferential direction, and the top and bottom (axial positional relationship) are reversed through the nose portions 25a and 25b.
- the coil end portions 23a and 23 of the winding portions 20a and 20b overlap in the axial direction and extend in the circumferential direction, and the top and bottom are reversed through the nose portions 26a and 26b. Therefore, the straight portions 22a and 22b of the winding portions 20a and 20b can be inserted into the adjacent slots 13 (FIG. 1) without interfering with each other.
- FIG. 9 shows only two winding portions 20a and 20b, but a total of nine winding portions 20a and 20b including these at the same radial winding position (for example, the innermost circumferential position) as the winding portions 20a and 20b.
- Winding portion 20 is wound. That is, the straight portions 22 of the winding 2 are inserted into all 36 slots 13 of the stator core 10.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a total of eight winding portions 20 inserted into the same slot 13 as the winding portion 20a shown in FIG.
- the eight winding portions 20 are wound at equal intervals in the radial direction.
- the winding portion 20 is wound with a shift of one slot in the circumferential direction (FIG. 9) and also wound in the radial direction, whereby the wave winding 2 shown in FIG. 6 is formed. .
- the number of winding portions 20 inserted into one slot 13 and the number of teeth 12 spanned by the winding portion 20 are not limited to the examples shown in FIGS. It can be arbitrarily set according to the number of slots S.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an electric motor 100E of a comparative example.
- the electric motor 100E of the comparative example has a stator 1E and a rotor 3.
- the rotor 3 is configured similarly to the rotor 3 of the first embodiment.
- the stator 1E has a stator core 10E and a winding 2E.
- the stator core 10E includes an annular yoke portion 11E and twelve teeth 12E extending radially inward from the yoke portion 11E.
- a slot 13E is formed between the teeth 12E adjacent in the circumferential direction.
- the winding 2E is wound concentrically around the teeth 12E.
- the coil 2E wound in a concentric manner largely protrudes radially outward from the teeth 12E. Therefore, even if a through hole or the like for allowing the refrigerant to pass through is formed in the yoke portion 11E, the flow of the refrigerant is hindered by the winding 2E.
- the winding 2E wound concentrically also has a large amount of axial protrusion from the stator core 10E, and thus the coil end portion becomes large. That is, since the length of the winding portion that does not contribute to the generation of torque increases in the entire length of the winding 2E, the motor efficiency is low.
- the fundamental wave and harmonic components of the induced voltage can be evaluated by the winding coefficient.
- the winding coefficient is calculated by the product of the short-pitch winding coefficient Kp and the distributed winding coefficient Kd.
- the short-pitch winding coefficient Kp is calculated by the following equation (1) based on the order, the number of poles P, the number of slots S, and the coil throw (the number of teeth spanned by the winding 2).
- Kp sin (order ⁇ 180 ⁇ number of poles / number of slots ⁇ coil throw / 2) (1)
- the distributed winding coefficient Kd is calculated by the following equation (2) based on the phase difference ⁇ between the windings.
- Kd cos (order ⁇ ⁇ / 2) (2)
- the phase difference ⁇ between the windings is obtained by the following equation (3).
- ⁇ 180 ⁇ number of poles / number of slots (3)
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between S / P and the winding coefficient of the fundamental wave.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between S / P and the third-order winding coefficient.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between S / P and the fifth-order winding coefficient. 12, 13, and 14, the value of S / P is changed to 3, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 15.
- the winding factor of the fundamental wave is 1 when S / P is 3, and as S / P increases to 6, 9, 11, 12, and 15, It gradually decreases from 0.95 to 0.96.
- the third-order winding coefficient is 1 when S / P is 3, and is reduced to 0.7 when S / P is 6, so that S / P is As 9, 11, 12, and 15 increase, the value decreases to 0.65.
- the fifth-order winding coefficient is 1 when S / P is 3, and is reduced to 0.25 when S / P is 6, so that S / P is As 9, 11, 12, and 15 increase, it decreases to 0.2.
- the magnetic flux density distribution in the tooth 12 can be prevented from being biased, so that local magnetic saturation or iron loss increase in the tooth 12 can be suppressed. Therefore, better magnetic characteristics can be obtained when the ratio W2 / W1 of the width W2 of the root portion 12b to the width W1 of the tip portion 12a of the tooth 12 is close to 1.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between S / P and W2 / W1 when the outer diameter D2 of the rotor 3 is changed to 60, 80, 100, and 120 mm.
- W2 / W1 is the maximum when S / P is 3, and as S / P increases to 6, 9, 12, 15, W2 / W1 decreases and approaches 1.
- S / P is 12 or more, the decrease rate of W2 / W1 becomes flat.
- the width Wt of the teeth 12 is (W1 + W2) / 2 described above. If the width Wt of the tooth 12 is narrow, magnetic saturation may occur in the tooth 12 and lead to an increase in iron loss. Therefore, it is desirable that the width Wt of the tooth 12 is wide.
- the ratio Wt / Ws of the width Wt of the tooth 12 to the width Ws of the slot 13 is preferably 1 or more.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between S / P and Wt / Ws when the outer diameter D2 of the rotor 3 is changed to 60, 80, 100, and 120 mm. As shown in FIG. 16, when the outer diameter D2 of the rotor 3 is 60, 80, 100, or 120 mm, Wt / Ws tends to decrease as S / P increases.
- Wt / Ws is less than 1 when the outer diameter D2 of the rotor 3 is 60 mm (in other words, the width Wtt of the tooth 12 is smaller than the width Ws of the slot 13). It is not desirable in terms of suppressing iron loss.
- 6 ⁇ S / P ⁇ 12 is desirable in order to suppress magnetic saturation in the tooth 12 and improve iron loss.
- the width Wt of the teeth 12 is desirably 6 times or less than the width Ws of the slot 13. That is, 1 ⁇ Wt / Ws ⁇ 6 is desirable.
- FIG. 17 compares the copper loss between the electric motor 100E of the comparative example (FIG. 11) in which the winding 2 is wound concentrically and the electric motor 100 of the first embodiment in which the winding 2 is wound in a wave winding. It is a graph which shows a result.
- the copper loss in the electric motor 100E of the comparative example (FIG. 11) was set to 100%, and the extent to which the copper loss in the electric motor 100 of the first embodiment was reduced was measured. As shown in FIG. 17, with respect to the electric motor 100E of the comparative example, in the first embodiment, the copper loss was 65.6%, and a decrease of 34.4% was confirmed. This is because when the winding 2 is a wave winding, the circumferential length of the winding 2 is shorter than that of the concentric winding.
- winding 2 is wound around teeth 12 of stator 1 and the number of slots S and the number of poles P satisfy S / P ⁇ 6.
- the yoke portion 11 of the stator core 10 has a refrigerant passage (that is, the through hole 15 and the notch portion 16) through which the refrigerant flows in the axial direction. Therefore, harmonics of the induced voltage generated in the winding 2 when the rotor 3 is rotated can be reduced, and thereby vibration and noise of the electric motor 100 can be suppressed.
- the winding 2 is wound around the teeth 12 by wave winding, the protrusion of the winding 2 to the outside in the radial direction is small. Therefore, the flow of the refrigerant passing through the through hole 15 and the notch 16 is not hindered by the winding 2, and a sufficient flow rate of the refrigerant can be ensured.
- the winding 2 is wound around the teeth 12 by a wave winding, the amount of the winding 2 protruding in the axial direction from the stator core 10 is small. Therefore, the coil end portion can be reduced to improve the motor efficiency, and the size of the motor 100 can be reduced.
- a large-sized device such as a commercial air conditioner requires a small and lightweight electric motor 100 with less vibration and noise.
- the electric motor 100 of Embodiment 1 is particularly suitable for such a use.
- the shape of the teeth 12 can be made close to a rectangle, local magnetic saturation is suppressed, and iron loss is reduced. be able to.
- the rotor 3 has a permanent magnet 32 composed of a rare earth sintered magnet. Since the rare earth sintered magnet has a high residual magnetic flux density and a coercive force, the motor 3 is improved in efficiency and demagnetization resistance. be able to.
- the crimping portion 17 is formed on the yoke portion 11, the magnetic flux flow in the teeth 12 is not hindered as in the case where the crimping portion 17 is formed on the teeth 12, and sufficient strength of the stator 1 is obtained. At the same time, the motor efficiency can be improved.
- stator 1 since the stator 1 has the through hole 15 penetrating the yoke portion 11 in the direction of the axis C1, the refrigerant can easily flow through the through hole 15, and the flow rate of the refrigerant can be increased.
- the width W1 at the tip portion 12a of the tooth 12, the width W2 at the root portion 12b, and the shortest distance T1 from the slot 13 to the through hole 15 satisfy T1 ⁇ (W1 + W2) / 4. It is possible to further improve the motor efficiency by preventing the magnetic flux flowing into the yoke portion 11 from being disturbed as much as possible.
- stator 1 since the stator 1 has a notch portion 16 formed on the outer periphery of the yoke portion 11 over the entire area of the yoke portion 11 in the axial direction, the stator 1 passes between the notch portion 16 and the shell 4.
- the refrigerant can easily flow and the refrigerant flow rate can be increased.
- a plurality of through holes 15 and notches 16 are provided, and the through holes 15 and the notches 16 are alternately formed in the circumferential direction, so that the distribution of the refrigerant flow in the circumferential direction is uniform.
- FIGS. 18A, 18B, 18C, and 18D are schematic diagrams showing electric motors 100A, 100B, 100C, and 100D according to modifications of the first embodiment.
- the stator 1 has both the through hole 15 and the notch 16.
- the through hole 15 of the stator 1A serves as a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant passes.
- the stator 1B has the notch portion 16 and does not have the through hole 15 is also possible.
- the notch 16 of the stator 1B serves as a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant passes.
- the electric motor 100 (FIG. 1) of the first embodiment described above has the cutout portion 16 in which the cylindrical outer peripheral surface 18 of the stator 1 is cut out by a plane.
- a groove 16C having a rectangular cross section may be provided on the outer peripheral surface 18 of the stator 1C.
- the through hole 15 and the groove 16C of the stator 1C serve as a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant passes.
- a groove 16D having a V-shaped cross section may be provided on the outer peripheral surface 18 of the stator 1D.
- the through hole 15 and the groove 16D of the stator 1D serve as a refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant passes.
- a configuration in which the through hole 15 is not provided is also possible.
- the number of through holes 15 and the number of notches 16 can be arbitrarily set. That is, it is only necessary that at least one through hole 15 or at least one notch portion 16 is formed in the yoke portion 11 of the stator 1.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a compressor (scroll compressor) 500 using electric motor 100 of the first embodiment described above.
- the compressor 500 is a scroll compressor, and in a sealed container 502, a compression mechanism 510, an electric motor 100 that drives the compression mechanism 510, a main shaft 501 that connects the compression mechanism 510 and the electric motor 100, and compression of the main shaft 501.
- a subframe 503 that supports the opposite end (subshaft portion) of the mechanism 510 and a lubricating oil 504 that is stored in a sump 505 at the bottom of the sealed container 502 are provided.
- the heel compression mechanism 510 includes a fixed scroll 511 and a swing scroll 512 attached to the main shaft 501. Each of the fixed scroll 511 and the swing scroll 512 has a spiral portion, and a spiral compression chamber 516 is formed therebetween.
- the compression mechanism 510 further includes an Oldham ring 513 that restricts the rotation of the swing scroll 512 to swing the swing scroll 512, a compliant frame 514 to which the swing scroll 512 is attached, and a guide frame that supports these. 515.
- a suction pipe 506 penetrating the sealed container 502 is press-fitted into the heel fixed scroll 511.
- a discharge pipe 507 that discharges high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the discharge port 511a of the fixed scroll 511 to the outside through the sealed container 502 is provided.
- the sealed container 502 has a cylindrical shell 4 (FIG. 1), and the electric motor 100 of Embodiment 1 is attached to the inner peripheral side of the shell 4.
- a glass terminal 508 for electrically connecting the stator 1 of the electric motor 100 and the drive circuit is fixed to the sealed container 502 by welding.
- the main shaft 501 is the shaft 35 (FIG. 1) of the electric motor 100.
- the operation of the compressor 500 is as follows.
- the main shaft 501 (shaft 35) rotates together with the rotor 3.
- the swing scroll 512 swings, and the volume of the compression chamber 516 between the fixed scroll 511 and the swing scroll 512 is changed.
- the refrigerant gas is sucked into the compression chamber 516 from the suction pipe 506 and compressed.
- the high-pressure refrigerant gas compressed in the compression chamber 516 is discharged from the discharge port 511a of the fixed scroll 511 into the sealed container 502 and discharged from the discharge pipe 507 to the outside.
- a part of the refrigerant gas discharged from the compression chamber 516 into the sealed container 502 passes through the through hole 15 and the notch 16 (FIG. 1) of the stator 1 to cool the electric motor 100 and the lubricating oil 504.
- the electric motor 100 according to the first embodiment can suppress harmonics of the induced voltage, vibration and noise during operation of the compressor 500 can be suppressed. Further, in the electric motor 100 of the first embodiment, since the winding 2 is wound in a wave winding, a sufficient flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the through hole 15 and the notch portion 16 (FIG. 1) is ensured. The cooling efficiency can be improved and the stability of the operation of the compressor 500 can be improved.
- the compressor 500 is not limited to the electric motor 100 of the first embodiment, and electric motors 100A, 100B, 100C, and 100D (FIG. 18) of the respective modifications may be used.
- the scroll compressor has been described here as an example of the compressor, the electric motor 100 (100A to 100D) of the first embodiment and each modification may be applied to a compressor other than the scroll compressor.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the air conditioning apparatus 400.
- An air conditioner 400 shown in FIG. 20 includes a compressor 401, a condenser 402, a throttle device (decompression device) 403, and an evaporator 404.
- the compressor 401, the condenser 402, the expansion device 403, and the evaporator 404 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 407 to constitute a refrigeration cycle. That is, the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 401, the condenser 402, the expansion device 403, and the evaporator 404.
- the compressor 401, the condenser 402, and the expansion device 403 are provided in the outdoor unit 410.
- the compressor 401 is composed of the compressor 500 shown in FIG.
- the outdoor unit 410 is provided with an outdoor fan 405 that supplies outdoor air to the condenser 402.
- the evaporator 404 is provided in the indoor unit 420.
- the indoor unit 420 is provided with an indoor blower 406 that supplies indoor air to the evaporator 404.
- the operation of the air conditioner 400 is as follows.
- the compressor 401 compresses and sends out the sucked refrigerant.
- the condenser 402 exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing in from the compressor 401 and the outdoor air, condenses and liquefies the refrigerant, and sends it out to the refrigerant pipe 407.
- the outdoor blower 405 supplies outdoor air to the condenser 402.
- the expansion device 403 adjusts the pressure and the like of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 407 by changing the opening degree.
- the evaporator 404 exchanges heat between the refrigerant in the low pressure state by the expansion device 403 and the indoor air, causes the refrigerant to evaporate (vaporize) the heat of the air, and sends it to the refrigerant pipe 407.
- the indoor fan 406 supplies indoor air to the evaporator 404. Thereby, the cold air from which heat has been removed by the evaporator 404 is supplied to the room.
- the electric motor 100 described in the first embodiment and the modification is applied to the compressor 401 (the compressor 500 in FIG. 19), vibration and noise during operation of the air conditioner 400 can be suppressed.
- the stability of the operation of the compressor 401 during operation of the air conditioner 400 can be improved, and the operation efficiency can be improved.
- the compressor 500 to which the electric motor 100 (100A to 100D) of the first embodiment and each modification is applied is not limited to the air conditioner 400 shown in FIG. 20, but may be used for other types of air conditioners. Good.
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Abstract
Description
<電動機の構成>
図1は、実施の形態1の電動機100を示す断面図である。この電動機100は、ブラシレスDCモータであり、後述する圧縮機500(図19)に用いられる。また、この電動機100は、ロータ3に永久磁石32を埋め込んだ永久磁石埋込型の電動機である。
ステータ1は、ステータコア10と、ステータコア10に波巻で巻かれた巻線2(図3)とを有する。ステータコア10は、例えば厚さ0.1~0.7mmの電磁鋼板を軸方向に積層し、カシメ部17により固定したものである。
次に、巻線2について説明する。巻線2は、導体(例えば銅)に、耐腐食性の被膜、例えばポリエステルイミドまたはポリアミドイミドの被膜を施したものである。巻線2は、電動機100が設けられる圧縮機500の内部を循環する冷媒に接するためである。
次に、比較例の電動機100Eについて説明する。図11は、比較例の電動機100Eを示す断面図である。比較例の電動機100Eは、ステータ1Eとロータ3とを有する。ロータ3は、実施の形態1のロータ3と同様に構成されている。ステータ1Eは、ステータコア10Eと巻線2Eとを有する。ステータコア10Eは、環状のヨーク部11Eと、ヨーク部11Eから径方向内側に延在する12個のティース12Eとを有する。周方向に隣接するティース12Eの間には、スロット13Eが形成される。
次に、スロット数Sと極数Pとの比S/Pの好ましい範囲について説明する。まず、S/Pと、誘起電圧の高調波成分の低減効果との関係について説明する。
Kp=sin(次数×180×極数/スロット数×コイルスロー/2)・・・(1)
Kd=cos(次数×α/2)・・・(2)
ここで、巻線間の位相差αは、次の式(3)で求められる。
α=180×極数/スロット数 ・・・(3)
次に、S/Pと、ティース12の先端部12aの幅W1に対する根元部12bの幅W2の比W1/W2との関係について説明する。波巻の場合には、図4(B)に示したようにスロット13内に巻線2を一列に挿入するため、スロット13の形状(より具体的には、軸線C1に直交する断面形状)は長方形となる。そのため、隣り合うスロット13の間のティース12の形状は、台形形状になる。
次に、S/Pと、スロット13の幅Wsに対するティース12の幅Wtの比(Wt/Ws)との関係について説明する。ティース12の幅Wtは、上述した(W1+W2)/2である。ティース12の幅Wtが狭いと、ティース12内で磁気飽和が生じて鉄損の増加につながる可能性があるため、ティース12の幅Wtは広い方が望ましい。特に、ティース12の幅Wtのスロット13の幅Wsに対する比Wt/Wsは1以上であることが望ましい。
次に、実施の形態1において巻線2が波巻で巻かれていることによる銅損の低減効果について説明する。図17は、巻線2が同心巻で巻かれた比較例(図11)の電動機100Eと、巻線2が波巻で巻かれた実施の形態1の電動機100とで、銅損を比較した結果を示すグラフである。
以上説明したように、本発明の実施の形態1の電動機100では、ステータ1のティース12に巻線2が波巻で巻かれ、スロット数Sと極数PとがS/P≧6を満足し、ステータコア10のヨーク部11に冷媒を軸方向に流通させる冷媒通路(すなわち、貫通穴15および切欠き部16)を有する。そのため、ロータ3の回転時に巻線2に生じる誘起電圧の高調波を低減し、これにより電動機100の振動および騒音を抑制することができる。
次に、実施の形態1の変形例について説明する。図18(A)、(B)、(C)および(D)は、実施の形態1の変形例の電動機100A,100B,100C,100Dを示す模式図である。
次に、上述した実施の形態1の電動機100を用いた圧縮機について説明する。図19は、上述した実施の形態1の電動機100を用いた圧縮機(スクロール圧縮機)500の構成を示す断面図である。
次に、図19に示した圧縮機500を有する空気調和装置(冷凍サイクル装置)について説明する。図20は、空気調和装置400の構成を示す図である。図20に示した空気調和装置400は、圧縮機401と、凝縮器402と、絞り装置(減圧装置)403と、蒸発器404とを備えている。圧縮機401、凝縮器402、絞り装置403および蒸発器404は、冷媒配管407によって連結されて冷凍サイクルを構成している。すなわち、圧縮機401、凝縮器402、絞り装置403および蒸発器404の順に、冷媒が循環する。
Claims (14)
- 圧縮機に用いられる電動機であって、
軸線を中心とする周方向に延在するヨーク部と、前記ヨーク部から前記軸線に向かって延在し、前記周方向に配列された複数のティースとを有するステータコアと、
前記ステータコアの前記複数のティースに波巻で巻かれた巻線と
を備えたステータと、
前記軸線を中心とする径方向において前記ステータの内側に配置された極数Pのロータと
を備え、
前記複数のティースの数をSで表すと、S/P≧6が成立し、
前記ヨーク部は、冷媒を前記軸線の方向に流通させる冷媒通路を有する
電動機。 - 6≦S/P≦12が成立する
請求項1に記載の電動機。 - 前記巻線は、導体にポリエステルイミドまたはポリアミドイミドの被覆を形成したものである
請求項1または2に記載の電動機。 - 前記ステータコアは、電磁鋼板を前記軸線の方向に積層してカシメ部で固定したものであり、前記カシメ部は前記ヨーク部に形成されている
請求項1から3までの何れか1項に記載の電動機。 - 前記冷媒通路は、前記ヨーク部を前記軸線の方向に貫通する貫通穴を有する
請求項1から4までの何れか1項に記載の電動機。 - 前記ステータコアは、前記複数のティースのうち前記周方向に隣り合う2つのティースの間に位置するスロットを有し、
前記複数のティースのそれぞれにおいて、前記径方向の内側端部における前記周方向の幅をW1とし、前記径方向の外側端部における前記周方向の幅をW2とし、前記スロットから前記貫通穴までの最短距離をT1とすると、
T1≧(W1+W2)/4が成立する
請求項5に記載の電動機。 - 前記冷媒通路は、前記ヨーク部の外周に、前記ヨーク部の前記軸線の方向の全域に亘って形成された切欠き部を有する
請求項1から6までの何れか1項に記載の電動機。 - 前記切欠き部は、前記軸線に直交する面内において、前記ヨーク部の前記外周を直線状に切り欠いた形状を有する
請求項7に記載の電動機。 - 前記冷媒通路は、
前記ヨーク部を前記軸線の方向に貫通する複数の貫通穴と、
前記冷媒通路は、前記ヨーク部の外周に、前記ヨーク部の前記軸線の方向の全域に亘って形成された複数の切欠き部と
を有し、
前記複数の貫通穴と前記複数の切欠き部とは、前記軸線を中心とする周方向に交互に形成されている
請求項1から4までの何れか1項に記載の電動機。 - 前記圧縮機は、円筒状のシェルを有し、
前記ステータコアは、前記シェルの内側に嵌合する
請求項1から9までの何れか1項に記載の電動機。 - 前記ロータは、希土類焼結磁石で構成された永久磁石を有する
請求項1から10までの何れか1項に記載の電動機。 - 前記ロータは、極数Pに対応する数の磁石挿入孔を有するロータコアを有する
請求項11に記載の電動機。 - 請求項1から12までのいずれか1項に記載の電動機と、
前記電動機によって駆動される圧縮機構と
を備えた圧縮機。 - 圧縮機、凝縮器、減圧装置および蒸発器を備えた空気調和装置であって、
前記圧縮機は、請求項1から12までのいずれか1項に記載の電動機と、前記電動機によって駆動される圧縮機構とを備えた
空気調和装置。
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EP17910746.1A EP3633827B1 (en) | 2017-05-25 | 2017-05-25 | Electric motor, compressor, and air conditioning device |
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CN201780089969.2A CN110663160B (zh) | 2017-05-25 | 2017-05-25 | 电动机、压缩机及空气调节装置 |
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CN110663160B (zh) | 2022-08-19 |
US11296560B2 (en) | 2022-04-05 |
EP3633827B1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
CN110663160A (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
EP3633827A4 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
EP3633827A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
JP7090605B2 (ja) | 2022-06-24 |
JPWO2018216168A1 (ja) | 2019-11-07 |
US20200303974A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
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