WO2018199278A1 - HoCu系蓄冷材並びにこれを備えた蓄冷器及び冷凍機 - Google Patents
HoCu系蓄冷材並びにこれを備えた蓄冷器及び冷凍機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018199278A1 WO2018199278A1 PCT/JP2018/017131 JP2018017131W WO2018199278A1 WO 2018199278 A1 WO2018199278 A1 WO 2018199278A1 JP 2018017131 W JP2018017131 W JP 2018017131W WO 2018199278 A1 WO2018199278 A1 WO 2018199278A1
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- hocu
- specific heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/012—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials adapted for magnetic entropy change by magnetocaloric effect, e.g. used as magnetic refrigerating material
- H01F1/015—Metals or alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/012—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials adapted for magnetic entropy change by magnetocaloric effect, e.g. used as magnetic refrigerating material
- H01F1/017—Compounds
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/003—Gas cycle refrigeration machines characterised by construction or composition of the regenerator
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a HoCu-based regenerator material, a regenerator and a refrigerator equipped with the same.
- Known small refrigerators in practical use include, for example, Gibbford-McMahon type small helium refrigerators (so-called GM refrigerators) and pulse tube refrigerators.
- GM refrigerators Gibbford-McMahon type small helium refrigerators
- pulse tube refrigerators for example, when sending precooled compressed helium to a regenerator filled with a regenerator material, the compressed helium passes through the regenerator while expanding, so the regenerator is cooled.
- the regenerator material is further cooled, and the regenerator is cooled and reaches the target temperature every time the cycle is repeated.
- the regenerator material can 1) be able to sufficiently exchange heat with the compressed helium that passes while expanding, and 2) can supply or store sufficient heat for the expanded compressed helium. It is important to have a specific heat possible.
- a method of making the regenerator material in a mesh shape, or packing the regenerator material in a spherical powder state closest to the regenerator material is known.
- regenerator material In conventional small refrigerators, copper (Cu) or lead (Pb) was used as a regenerator material filled in a regenerator.
- the regenerator material is required to have a high specific heat in a low temperature region, but copper is used at a temperature from room temperature to about 80K, while the specific heat of lead is mainly due to the lattice specific heat, and as the temperature decreases. In general, it has been used at a temperature of 20K or higher.
- bismuth (Bi) in response to the RoHS directive (Restriction on the Use of Hazardous Substances), but bismuth has a lower specific heat than lead in most low-temperature regions, so the viewpoint of improving the performance of small refrigerator Therefore, development of a new cold storage material to replace bismuth is desired.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses an antiferromagnetic regenerator material: holmium copper 2 (HoCu 2 ) that has excellent specific heat characteristics in a low temperature region of less than 10K.
- Holmium copper 2 is a material that exhibits two large specific heat peaks (about 6.7K and about 8.2K) that accompany two magnetic transitions in a low temperature region of less than 10K. It is used less favorably for MRI and the like.
- the holmium copper 2 has a relatively high specific heat characteristic considered to be due to the Schottky specific heat even at a temperature higher than the specific heat peak of about 8.2K, but the specific heat characteristic is small in the temperature range of about 10 to 25K.
- Patent Document 1 discloses, as an improved cryogenic cold storage material, “a cryogenic cold storage material characterized in that a cold storage material formed only from bismuth and a magnetic cold storage material made of HoCu 2 are used in combination” (claim). 1) “A cryogenic regenerator material comprising a regenerator material made of an alloy containing bismuth as a main component and containing 5 to 10% of antimony and a magnetic regenerator material made of HoCu 2 ” (claim) 2) etc. are disclosed. The cryogenic regenerator material of Patent Document 1 has a specific heat peak shifted to a higher temperature side than holmium copper 2 alone and has a specific heat peak in a temperature range of 10 to 25 K, but the specific heat peak itself is small.
- holmium copper 2 has good specific heat characteristics in the temperature range of 4 to 10K.
- lead has a relatively good specific heat characteristic in a temperature range of 20K or higher, it has been replaced by bismuth that exhibits a certain specific heat in a temperature range of 25K or higher due to the RoHS command.
- bismuth that exhibits a certain specific heat in a temperature range of 25K or higher due to the RoHS command.
- no material having a high specific heat in a wide temperature range of 10 to 25 K has been found, and such a material is required.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a regenerator material having a high specific heat particularly in a temperature range of 10 to 25 K, and a regenerator and a refrigerator equipped with the regenerator material.
- the present inventors have obtained a material in which a part of Cu of HoCu 2 is replaced with at least one of Al and a transition metal element (excluding Cu) (M), It has been found that the above object can be achieved by using a material in which a part of Ho is substituted with rare earth elements (RE), and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention relates to the following HoCu-based regenerator material, a regenerator and a refrigerator equipped with the same.
- General formula (1) HoCu 2-x M x (1) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. M represents at least one of Al and transition metal elements (excluding Cu). ]
- M is Al, and is represented by the general formula (3) HoCu 2-x Al x (3) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. ]
- Item 7. The regenerator according to Item 6, wherein the HoCu-based regenerator material is 1) a state of a spherical powder particle group, or 2) a sintered body of a spherical powder particle group. 8).
- the HoCu-based regenerator material of the present invention is a regenerator material having a high specific heat particularly in the temperature range of 10 to 25K, it is suitable for refrigeration applications in such a temperature range.
- HoCu-based cold storage material has a structure in which a part of Cu contained in HoCu 2 (holmium copper 2) is replaced with at least one of Al and a transition metal element (except Cu),
- the following general formula (1) HoCu 2-x M x (1) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. M represents at least one of Al and transition metal elements (excluding Cu). ] It is represented by.
- HoCu 2 has a crystal structure of KHg 2 type structure (body-centered tetragonal crystal, Pearson symbol: oI12). It is important that the HoCu-based regenerator material of the present invention is a material having a KHg 2 type structure as a main phase, and a part of Cu is replaced by the above M (at least one of transition metal elements excluding Al and Cu). If so, such a material can be obtained.
- M is more preferably at least one of Ni and Al.
- X indicating the content of M may be in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, but 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8 is particularly preferable, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 is more preferable.
- the general formula (2) HoCu 2-x Ni x (2) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. ] X may be within the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, but 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8 is particularly preferable, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 is more preferable.
- the HoCu-based regenerator material represented by the general formula (2) is substantially a single phase alloy (KHg type 2 structure).
- the general formula (3) HoCu 2-x Al x (3) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. ] X may be within the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, but 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8 is particularly preferable, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 is more preferable.
- the HoCu-based regenerator material represented by the general formula (3) has a KHg 2 type structure as a main phase, and further has a HoCuAl phase as a second phase (minor phase).
- HoCu-based regenerator material of the present invention a part of Cu contained in HoCu 2 (holmium copper 2) is replaced with at least one of Al and transition metal elements (excluding Cu), and part of Ho is RE. Those having a structure substituted with (rare earth elements other than Ho) are also included. Also in this case, it is important that the HoCu-based regenerator material of the present invention is a material having a KHg 2 type structure as a main phase.
- the general formula (4) (Ho 1-y RE y ) Cu 2-x M x (4) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. M represents at least one of Al and transition metal elements (excluding Cu). y represents 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1. RE represents a rare earth element (excluding Ho). ] It is represented by.
- RE is not limited as long as it is a rare earth element excluding Ho, but for example, Ce (cerium), Pr (praseodymium), Sm (samarium), Eu (europium), Gd (gadolinium), Tb (terbium), Dy ( Dysprosium), Er (erbium), Tm (thulium), Yb (ytterbium) and Lu (lutetium). If the Ho is partially substituted by the rare earth element RE, a material having a KHg type 2 main phase can be obtained.
- rare earth element RE Gd, Tb, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, which are heavy rare earth elements, are preferable, and Er is particularly preferable among the above.
- These rare earth elements RE can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- X indicating the content of M may be in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, but 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8 is particularly preferable, and 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 is more preferable.
- Y indicating RE content may be within the range of 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, but 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.8 is particularly preferable, and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5 is more preferable.
- the general formula (5) (Ho 1-y Er y ) Cu 2-x Ni x (5) [Wherein x represents 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1. y represents 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1. ] X is preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8, and more preferably 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5. y may be within the range of 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, but the amount of x and the amount of y may be adjusted so as to obtain a predetermined specific heat peak temperature in consideration of the shift of the specific heat peak.
- Schottky specific heat is also important as a magnetic regenerator material with high specific heat characteristics over a wide temperature range, and it is based on HoCu 2 while maintaining the KHg 2 type structure, which is the main phase, 1) improving the magnetic transition temperature
- the intended “material having a large specific heat at 10 to 25 K” may be obtained by applying a possible substitution element or 2) designing an alloy that can improve the Schottky specific heat.
- the lattice vibration mainly contributes to the specific heat of the crystal near room temperature. Therefore, the contribution of the lattice vibration to the specific heat is reduced in the cryogenic temperature range, and the specific heat is rapidly reduced in the extremely low temperature range for general metals.
- the rare earth ions in the crystal have electrons in the 4f orbit, but the 4f orbital electrons are highly localized and take discrete energy levels under the influence of the crystal field. That is, although the 4f electrons are in the ground state at a temperature close to 0 K, they are excited to a high level when the temperature rises to become energy corresponding to the discrete level, and thus show a high specific heat at a specific temperature. .
- This specific heat anomaly due to excitation is called Schottky specific heat.
- the constituent element of the HoCu 2 alloy both Cu and Ni have a Cu-type structure (cF4, face-centered cubic) near room temperature. Can be formed. That is, although the crystal structure of the HoCu 2 alloy and the HoNi 2 alloy are different, the alloy in which the Cu in the HoCu 2 alloy is partially replaced with Ni to maintain the KHg 2 type structure has two types of HoCu 2 alloy and HoNi 2 alloy. An alloy that cannot be inferred from the heat storage characteristics may be obtained.
- HoAl 2 is MgCu 2 type structure (CF24, face-centered cubic) having an
- other HoCu 2 has KHG 2 type structure (OI12, body-centered Akira Nogata), each crystal The structure is different.
- Al and Cu both have a Cu-type structure (cF4, face-centered cubic) near room temperature
- Al can be dissolved in an amount of about 4 to 5 atomic% with respect to Cu from the binary phase diagram of Cu—Al.
- Cu does not dissolve in Al).
- the present invention proposes a HoCu-based regenerator material having a cryogenic specific heat characteristic that cannot be inferred from the two kinds of heat storage characteristics of the HoCu 2 alloy and the HoNi 2 alloy.
- the HoCu-based regenerator material of the present invention may contain impurities in an amount that does not significantly affect the specific heat characteristics other than the elements shown above.
- impurities may include a case where the raw material contains a trace amount from the beginning or a case where it is mixed in the stage of producing a HoCu-based cold storage material, but none of them are intentionally added components. Means.
- the HoCu-based regenerator material of the present invention can constitute a regenerator by filling it alone or in combination with other regenerator materials. It does not limit as another cold storage material, A well-known cold storage material can be combined suitably.
- a refrigerator for example, a refrigerator for producing liquid hydrogen, a 10K specialized refrigerator, etc.
- the regenerator can be configured.
- the 4KGM refrigerator it is possible to incorporate the HoCu-based material of the present invention between the low temperature end side material and the material in charge of up to 80K, for example.
- the properties of the HoCu-based regenerator material in the regenerator are not limited, but are appropriately selected from 1) the state of the spherical powder particle group, or 2) the state of the sintered body of the spherical powder particle group, depending on the application. it can.
- a raw material blended so as to have a predetermined composition after melting and casting is prepared, and then the raw material is subjected to vacuum high frequency in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a spherical HoCu-based regenerator material can be obtained by an atomizing method such as gas atomizing or disk atomizing, or a rotating electrode method. At this time, it becomes easy to make a single phase in a wide range of compositions by obtaining a HoCu-based regenerator material under rapid cooling conditions.
- the rapid cooling conditions are not limited, an atomizing method such as a water atomizing method or a gas atomizing method capable of a cooling rate of 10 3 / sec or more is preferable.
- desired powder can be obtained by performing sieving and shape classification as necessary.
- the particle size of the spherical powder is not limited, but is preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ m or more and 750 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the spherical HoCu regenerator material preferably has an aspect ratio of 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and most preferably 2 or less.
- the filling property in the regenerator can be improved, and when obtaining a sintered body of spherical powder particles, a sintered body having uniform communication holes Is easily obtained.
- the aspect ratio is measured by measuring the aspect ratio of any 100 particles using an optical microscope for a sample collected by the quadrant method after thoroughly mixing the spherical powder of the HoCu-based regenerator material. And the average value of them was calculated. This was repeated three times, and the average of the three times was defined as the aspect ratio.
- the spherical powder HoCu-based regenerator material When used in the state of a spherical powder sintered body of HoCu-based regenerator material, the spherical powder HoCu-based regenerator material is inserted into a mold, and then 700 in an inert gas atmosphere such as Ar or nitrogen in an atmosphere furnace.
- a sintered body can be obtained by heat treatment at 1 ° C. to 1200 ° C. for 1 hour to 40 hours. By controlling the heat treatment temperature and time, the filling rate of the HoCu-based cold storage material in the obtained sintered body can be controlled.
- the heat treatment can also be performed by an electric current sintering method, a hot press or the like.
- the porosity contained in the sintered body is not limited, but is preferably in the range of 28 to 40%, more preferably in the range of 32 to 37%. When the porosity is within this range, the HoCu-based regenerator material can be filled in the regenerator with a high filling rate.
- the porosity in this specification is: (1 ⁇ actual weight / (apparent volume ⁇ specific gravity)) ⁇ 100 [However, the apparent volume indicates the volume obtained from the diameter and length in the case of a cylindrical sample, for example. ] Means the value obtained by
- the shape and size of the sintered body are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the shape of the regenerator.
- examples of the shape of the sintered body include a cylinder and a prism.
- a taper shape can also be mentioned in consideration of meshing.
- the shape of the sintered body can be adjusted by filling the spherical powder into a container having a desired shape and sintering it when the spherical powder is sintered.
- a container having a desired shape For example, if the shape of the sintered body is a cylinder, a cylindrical container may be filled with spherical powder and sintered.
- the sintered body may have a multilayer structure.
- the multilayer structure here refers to, for example, a structure in which one or two or more outer layers are formed outside the inner layer when a columnar shape is taken as an example. Examples of such a multilayer structure include a structure formed of a plurality of layers having different porosity. Alternatively, the multilayer structure may be a structure formed of a plurality of layers having different material types. Furthermore, as a multilayer structure, for example, a laminated body in which a plurality of layers having different specific heat characteristics are sequentially stacked may be used.
- Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 Synthesis of alloy powder of each regenerator material First, raw materials blended so as to have the respective compositions shown in Table 1 after melting and casting were prepared and melted in an argon gas atmosphere in a high-frequency heating melting furnace to obtain an alloy melt.
- the alloy powder was obtained by quenching by an atomizing method (the quenching condition was 10 3 K / sec or more).
- each alloy powder obtained was homogenized treatment at a temperature of 95% of the melting point determined from the phase diagram for 0.01 to 40 hours, and then as necessary.
- Coarse pulverization was performed to obtain each alloy powder having an average particle diameter (D50) of 50 to 300 ⁇ m.
- each of the alloy powders of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2 has a KHg 2 type structure in the main phase. I understand that.
- the specific heat peak of the alloy powders of Examples 1 and 2 is shifted to a high temperature with respect to the alloy powder (HoCu 2 ) of Comparative Example 1, and the shift to the high temperature is Ni. It is considered that there is a certain degree of dependence on the amount of substitution. Further, in both Examples 1 and 2, an improvement in specific heat characteristics considered to be derived from the Schottky specific heat was observed on the higher temperature side than the specific heat peak, and in comparison with the alloy powder (HoCu 2 ) of Comparative Example 1 in a temperature region of 10K or higher. It showed a high specific heat.
- the specific heat characteristics of the alloy powder (HoNi 2 ) of Comparative Example 3 show a high specific heat peak near 12 K when compared with the specific heat characteristics of the alloy powder (HoCu 2 ) of Comparative Example 1, but other than that Specific heat is extremely low in the temperature range.
- the specific heat decreases in the temperature range higher than the specific heat peak.
- the specific heat in the temperature range of 12K or higher is higher than the alloy powder of Comparative Example 3 due to the contribution of the Schottky specific heat, for example.
- the specific heat peak of the alloy powder of Example 2 was higher than that of the alloy powder of Comparative Example 3.
- an alloy having high specific heat characteristics at a target temperature of 10 to 25 K in a Ho (Cu, Ni) 2 based alloy having a KHg 2 type structure as a main phase was obtained.
- RECu 2 alloy HoCu 2 alloy has a KHG 2 type structure.
- RENi 2 alloy has a MgCu 2 type structure. From this, as in Examples 1 and 2, the (RE) (Cu, Ni) 2 alloy maintaining the KHg 2 type structure in the main phase is expected to have a high specific heat peak.
- each alloy powder of Comparative Example 2 and Example 3 has a KHg 2 type structure as the main phase.
- the specific heat peak of the sample of Example 3 was shifted to a high temperature as compared with Comparative Example 2. Further, the specific heat characteristics considered to be derived from the Schottky specific heat are increased on the higher temperature side than the specific heat peak, specifically, in the temperature range of 20 K or higher, which is equivalent to the characteristic improvement between Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2. Based on the RECu 2 type alloy having another KHg 2 type structure, it was confirmed that the same characteristic improvement was made in the alloy that maintained the KHg 2 type structure as the main phase structure while introducing Ni.
- the alloy powder of Example 4 includes a KHg 2 type structure phase that is a main phase and a MgCuAl phase (ZrNiAl structure) that is a different phase, and an alloy having a KHg 2 type structure in the main phase is obtained. I understand.
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Abstract
Description
1.一般式(1)
HoCu2-xMx (1)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。MはAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種を示す。〕
で表されることを特徴とするHoCu系蓄冷材。
2.前記MがNiであり、一般式(2)
HoCu2-xNix (2)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。〕
で表される、上記項1に記載のHoCu系蓄冷材。
3.前記MがAlであり、一般式(3)
HoCu2-xAlx (3)
〔式中、xは0<x<1を示す。〕
で表される、上記項1に記載のHoCu系蓄冷材。
4.一般式(4)
(Ho1-yREy)Cu2-xMx (4)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。MはAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種を示す。yは0<y<1を示す。REは希土類元素(但しHoを除く)を示す。〕
で表されることを特徴とするHoCu系蓄冷材。
5.前記MがNiであり、前記REがErであり、一般式(5)
(Ho1-yEry)Cu2-xNix (5)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。yは0<y<1を示す。〕
で表される、上記項4に記載のHoCu系蓄冷材。
6.上記項1~5のいずれかに記載のHoCu系蓄冷材が単独で又は他の蓄冷材と組み合わせて充填されている蓄冷器。
7.前記HoCu系蓄冷材は、1)球状粉の粒子群の状態、又は2)球状粉の粒子群の焼結体の状態である、上記項6に記載の蓄冷器。
8.上記項6又は7に記載の蓄冷器を備えた冷凍機。
本発明のHoCu系蓄冷材は、HoCu2(ホルミウム銅2)に含まれるCuの一部がAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種に置換された構造であり、下記一般式(1)
HoCu2-xMx (1)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。MはAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種を示す。〕
で表されることを特徴とする。
HoCu2-xNix (2)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。〕
で表され、xは0<x≦1の範囲内であればよいが、特に0<x≦0.8が好ましく、0<x≦0.5がより好ましい。一般式(2)で表されるHoCu系蓄冷材は、実質的に単相合金(KHg2型構造)である。
HoCu2-xAlx (3)
〔式中、xは0<x<1を示す。〕
で表され、xは0<x<1の範囲内であればよいが、特に0<x≦0.8が好ましく、0<x≦0.5がより好ましい。一般式(3)で表されるHoCu系蓄冷材は、KHg2型構造を主相とし、更に第二相(マイナー相)としてHoCuAl相などを有する。
(Ho1-yREy)Cu2-xMx (4)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。MはAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種を示す。yは0<y<1を示す。REは希土類元素(但しHoを除く)を示す。〕
で表されることを特徴とする。
(Ho1-yEry)Cu2-xNix (5)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。yは0<y<1を示す。〕
で表され、xは0<x≦0.8が好ましく、0<x≦0.5がより好ましい。yは0<y<1の範囲内であればよいが、xの量、比熱ピークのシフトを勘案して所定の比熱ピーク温度となるようにy量を調整してもよい。
本発明のHoCu系蓄冷材は、それを単独又は他の蓄冷材と組み合わせて充填することにより蓄冷器を構成することができる。他の蓄冷材としては限定されず、公知の蓄冷材を適宜組み合わせることができる。また、当該蓄冷器を備えた冷凍機(例えば、液体水素製造用冷凍機、10K特化冷凍機等)を構成することができる。また、4KGM冷凍機において、低温端側材料と例えば80Kまでを担当する材料との間に本発明のHoCu系材料を組み込むことが可能である。
(1-実測重量/(見かけ体積×比重))×100
〔但し、見かけ体積は例えば円柱状の試料の場合、直径と長さから求めた体積を示す。〕により求められる値を意味する。
先ず、溶解・鋳造後に表1に示す各組成となるように配合した原料を準備し、高周波加熱溶解炉にてアルゴンガス雰囲気下で溶解し、合金溶融物を得た。
図2のX線回折結果からは、比較例1、実施例1、2の各合金粉末は、共に主相にKHg2型構造を有することが分かる。
Claims (8)
- 一般式(1)
HoCu2-xMx (1)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。MはAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種を示す。〕
で表されることを特徴とするHoCu系蓄冷材。 - 前記MがNiであり、一般式(2)
HoCu2-xNix (2)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。〕
で表される、請求項1に記載のHoCu系蓄冷材。 - 前記MがAlであり、一般式(3)
HoCu2-xAlx (3)
〔式中、xは0<x<1を示す。〕
で表される、請求項1に記載のHoCu系蓄冷材。 - 一般式(4)
(Ho1-yREy)Cu2-xMx (4)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。MはAl及び遷移金属元素(但しCuを除く)の少なくとも一種を示す。yは0<y<1を示す。REは希土類元素(但しHoを除く)を示す。〕
で表されることを特徴とするHoCu系蓄冷材。 - 前記MがNiであり、前記REがErであり、一般式(5)
(Ho1-yEry)Cu2-xNix (5)
〔式中、xは0<x≦1を示す。yは0<y<1を示す。〕
で表される、請求項4に記載のHoCu系蓄冷材。 - 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のHoCu系蓄冷材が単独で又は他の蓄冷材と組み合わせて充填されている蓄冷器。
- 前記HoCu系蓄冷材は、1)球状粉の粒子群の状態、又は2)球状粉の粒子群の焼結体の状態である、請求項6に記載の蓄冷器。
- 請求項6又は7に記載の蓄冷器を備えた冷凍機。
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EP18790378.6A EP3617288A4 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-04-27 | HOCU BASED COOLING BEARING MATERIAL AND COOLING STORAGE DEVICE AND COOLING MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH IT |
CN201880027196.XA CN110546234A (zh) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-04-27 | HoCu系蓄冷材料以及具备其的蓄冷器和制冷机 |
JP2018524505A JP6495546B1 (ja) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-04-27 | HoCu系蓄冷材並びにこれを備えた蓄冷器及び冷凍機 |
US16/608,532 US11370949B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2018-04-27 | HoCu-based cold-storage material, and cold-storage device and refrigerating machine each equipped therewith |
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EP (1) | EP3617288A4 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
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CN113265552A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-17 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | 一种磁制冷用稀土钬铜合金的制备方法 |
WO2022224783A1 (ja) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-10-27 | 株式会社 東芝 | 磁性蓄冷材粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 |
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CN113265552A (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-17 | 福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司 | 一种磁制冷用稀土钬铜合金的制备方法 |
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US11370949B2 (en) | 2022-06-28 |
CN110546234A (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
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EP3617288A1 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
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