WO2018151104A1 - 積層体 - Google Patents
積層体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018151104A1 WO2018151104A1 PCT/JP2018/004907 JP2018004907W WO2018151104A1 WO 2018151104 A1 WO2018151104 A1 WO 2018151104A1 JP 2018004907 W JP2018004907 W JP 2018004907W WO 2018151104 A1 WO2018151104 A1 WO 2018151104A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- rubber
- ethylene
- olefin
- layer
- Prior art date
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 124
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- INYHZQLKOKTDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(C=C)CC1C=C2 INYHZQLKOKTDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005558 epichlorohydrin rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004716 Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229920006124 polyolefin elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical class C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005648 ethylene methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 acrylate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 194
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 123
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 113
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 60
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 53
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 50
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 42
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zirconium(2+);dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl VPGLGRNSAYHXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 36
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 19
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 14
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 14
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 13
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 11
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 11
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 11
- 239000010734 process oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 11
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000000319 biphenyl-4-yl group Chemical class [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 10
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical class [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XPPWLXNXHSNMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboron Chemical compound [B]C1=CC=CC=C1 XPPWLXNXHSNMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 7
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)boronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)OC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F LWNGJAHMBMVCJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920006285 olefinic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triisobutylaluminium Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al](CC(C)C)CC(C)C MCULRUJILOGHCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZNRLMGFXSPUZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4-trimethyl-1h-quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC(C)(C)NC2=C1 ZNRLMGFXSPUZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 4
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 4
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- UJAWGGOCYUPCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-n-[4-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C=1C=C(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(C)(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 UJAWGGOCYUPCPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940098697 zinc laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dodecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
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- C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
- F02M35/10137—Flexible ducts, e.g. bellows or hoses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/1015—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the engine type
- F02M35/10157—Supercharged engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate, and more particularly to a laminate of polar rubber and nonpolar rubber.
- Rubber hoses around automobile engines are required to have high levels of heat aging resistance, fatigue resistance, oil resistance, and the like.
- fluoro rubber, acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymer, acrylic rubber, acrylate ester / ethylene copolymer, silicone rubber, and the like are often used as materials for such hoses.
- the temperature in the engine room has been increased for the purpose of improving performance and fuel efficiency in automobiles.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a laminated body in which a polymer layer containing a fluoropolymer and a base material are bonded via a bonding layer containing a fluoroelastomer.
- Patent Document 1 in addition to an inorganic base material such as metal or inorganic glass or a fluoropolymer, acrylonitrile / butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber, ethylene / propylene monomer (EPM) rubber, It is described that non-fluorinated elastomers such as ethylene / propylene / diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and epichlorohydrin (ECO) rubber can be used.
- NBR acrylonitrile / butadiene rubber
- EPM ethylene / propylene monomer
- EPDM ethylene / propylene monomer
- ECO epichlorohydrin
- Patent Document 2 discloses a laminate in which a layer containing fluororubber and a vulcanizing agent and a layer containing non-fluororubber such as silicone rubber and a vulcanizing agent are bonded by vulcanization adhesion. Yes.
- An engine with a turbocharger has a structure in which air compressed by a compressor wheel is cooled by a charge air cooler and sent to the engine, and the compressor wheel and the charge air cooler are connected by a rubber hose.
- the turbocharger hose is required to have high heat aging resistance because high-pressure and high-temperature (about 180 ° C.) air passes through.
- fatigue resistance is also required in order to withstand constant pressure vibration generated by the passage of air.
- acrylic rubbers and silicone elastomers with high heat aging resistance are used in such applications.
- nitrile rubbers such as acrylonitrile and butadiene rubber have excellent oil resistance, good wear resistance, and are relatively inexpensive, so they are widely used in applications that require oil resistance such as fuel hoses, oil hoses, and oil seals. It is used. Further, hydrogenated nitrile rubber obtained by hydrogenating nitrile rubber may also be used for similar applications.
- Patent Document 3 describes a composition containing an ethylene / alkyl acrylate copolymer and a cured product thereof.
- the cured product which is a vulcanized product, has improved impact fatigue resistance and improved resistance compared to conventional vulcanized products. It describes that it exhibits heat resistance.
- Patent Document 4 describes that an innermost rubber layer made of fluorine-based rubber, silicone rubber, acrylic rubber, ethylene / acrylic rubber has excellent heat resistance and fatigue resistance and prevents the occurrence of cracks in the inner layer.
- a turbo hose having an outer skin layer made of epichlorohydrin rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber, or the like, and a fastening structure formed by fastening the turbo hose to a pipe connecting portion have been proposed.
- EPDM ethylene / propylene / diene rubber
- Patent Document 5 by disposing a layer formed by crosslinking a specific adhesive containing EPDM and a crosslinking agent between a rubber molded body and a molded body made of rubber or other materials, It is described to obtain a rubber adhesive.
- an adhesive body is disclosed in which two EPDM sheets are bonded and crosslinked by an adhesive containing EPDM and a crosslinking agent.
- the present invention provides a laminate of an olefin rubber that is nonpolar or polar and difficult to adhere to other materials, and a rubber containing a group 16 element and / or a group 17 element that is a different kind of rubber. Is an issue.
- the present inventors have found that, by using a specific adhesive resin, non-polar or polar and olefinic rubber that is difficult to adhere to other materials, and different types of rubber 16th. It has been found that a laminate in which a rubber containing a group element and / or a group 17 element is firmly integrated can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- An olefin rubber layer (A) One or more selected from the group consisting of an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, a silane-modified ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, an ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer and its ionomer, and an ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer and its ionomer Including an adhesive resin layer (B); A laminate including a structure in which a layer (C) containing a rubber containing a Group 16 element and / or a Group 17 element is laminated in this order.
- the non-polar or low-polarity olefin rubber that is difficult to adhere to other materials and the rubber containing the Group 16 element and / or Group 17 element, which are different types of rubber, are firmly integrated.
- a laminated body can be provided.
- the laminate of the present invention is An olefinic rubber layer (A) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “layer (A)”); An adhesive resin layer (B) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “layer (B)”); It includes a structure in which a rubber layer (C) containing a Group 16 element and / or a Group 17 element (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “layer (C)”) is laminated in this order.
- the olefinic rubber used in the present invention is a rubber containing a structural unit derived from an olefin as a main structural unit.
- the olefin rubber include polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, and ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer rubber. Among them, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer rubber is preferable.
- ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer rubber examples include ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer rubber and ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated diene copolymer rubber, and ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated diene. Copolymer rubber is preferred.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer has a structural unit derived from ethylene, a structural unit derived from an ⁇ -olefin, and a structural unit derived from a non-conjugated polyene.
- the ⁇ -olefin is preferably an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the ⁇ -olefin include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, Examples include 1-hexadecene and 1-eicosene.
- ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene are preferable, and propylene is particularly preferable.
- Such ⁇ -olefin has a relatively low raw material cost, and the resulting ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer exhibits excellent mechanical properties, and further provides a laminate having rubber elasticity. This is preferable.
- ⁇ -olefins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- non-conjugated polyenes include 1,4-hexadiene, 3-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 4,5-dimethyl-1,4-hexadiene, 7- Linear unconjugated dienes such as methyl-1,6-octadiene, 8-methyl-4-ethylidene-1,7-nonadiene, 4-ethylidene-1,7-undecadiene; Norbornadiene, 5-methylene-2-norbornene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), 5-isopropenyl-2-norbornene, 5- (2-propenyl) -2-norbornene, 5-isobutenyl-2-norbornene, 5- (3-butenyl) -2-norbornene
- non-conjugated polyenes may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these non-conjugated polyenes, VNB and ENB are preferred.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer has a structural unit derived from VNB.
- the constituent unit derived from VNB in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer is 0.07 to 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 8.0% by mass, and most preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer has a structural unit derived from ENB.
- the constituent unit derived from ENB in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer is 0.07 to 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 8.0% by mass, and most preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer preferably satisfies at least one of the following requirements (I) to (III), and satisfies at least two of the following requirements (I) to (III): It is more preferable that the following requirements (I) to (III) are satisfied.
- Requirement (I) specifies that the molar ratio (ethylene / ⁇ -olefin) of the structural unit derived from ethylene and the structural unit derived from ⁇ -olefin is 40/60 to 99.9 / 0.1 To do.
- the molar ratio of the structural unit derived from ethylene to the structural unit derived from ⁇ -olefin is more preferably 55/45 to 85/15, and 55/45 to 78/22. It is particularly preferred that
- the crosslinked layer obtained by crosslinking the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer exhibits excellent rubber elasticity and mechanical strength. Further, it is preferable because it is excellent in flexibility. Within the above range, an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer is preferable because it exhibits excellent rubber elasticity and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility.
- the molar ratio between the structural unit derived from ethylene and the structural unit derived from ⁇ -olefin in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer can be determined by 13 C-NMR.
- the requirement (II) specifies that the structural unit derived from the non-conjugated polyene is 0.07 to 10% by mass in 100% by mass of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer. is there.
- the amount of the structural unit derived from the non-conjugated polyene is more preferably 0.1 to 8.0% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass.
- An ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer having a structural unit derived from a nonconjugated polyene within the above range is preferable because it has sufficient hardness and excellent mechanical properties, and has a high crosslinking density. Since a crosslinked body can be obtained, the hardness of the layer made of the crosslinked body can be increased, which is preferable.
- the amount of the structural unit derived from non-conjugated polyene can be determined by 13 C-NMR.
- Requirement (III) specifies that the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] of ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer measured in decalin at 135 ° C. is 1.0 to 4.0 dl / g It is.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] is more preferably 1.5 to 4.0 dl / g. It is preferable that the intrinsic viscosity is within the above range because the balance between physical properties and workability is good.
- the intrinsic viscosity can be measured by the method described in the examples.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer preferably satisfies the following requirement (IV) in addition to the above requirements (I) to (III).
- the requirement (IV) specifies that the B value represented by the following formula (i) of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer is 1.20 or more.
- B value ([EX] +2 [Y]) / [2 ⁇ [E] ⁇ ([X] + [Y])] (i) [Where [E], [X] and [Y] are the mole fractions of ethylene, ⁇ -olefin and non-conjugated polyene, respectively, and [EX] is the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin dyad chain fraction. Show. ]
- the B value is more preferably 1.20 to 1.40, and particularly preferably 1.20 to 1.25.
- an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer is preferable because the compression set at a low temperature is small and the balance between rubber elasticity at a low temperature and tensile strength at a normal temperature is excellent. .
- the laminate of the present invention tends to be particularly excellent in fatigue resistance, which is preferable. .
- B value is an index indicating the randomness of the copolymerized monomer sequence distribution in the copolymer, in the formula (i) [E], [ X], [Y], [EX] is 13 C-NMR spectrum was measured.
- the amount of ⁇ -olefin (content of structural units derived from ⁇ -olefin) and the amount of non-conjugated polyene (content of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene) in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer are: , 13 C-NMR.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer has structural units derived from ethylene, an ⁇ -olefin, and a non-conjugated polyene as described above, but is within the range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- a structural unit derived from the above monomer (a monomer other than ethylene, ⁇ -olefin, and non-conjugated polyene).
- the constitutional unit derived from another monomer is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass in 100% by mass of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer. % Or less is particularly preferable.
- Examples of other monomers include styrene and vinyl acetate.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 to 600,000, more preferably 30,000 to 500,000, and still more preferably 50,000. ⁇ 400,000.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of preferably 1.8 to 30, more preferably 1.8 to 25.0, and still more preferably 2.0 to 20. .0.
- Mw and Mw / Mn can be calculated
- a relatively high molecular weight ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer can be suitably used.
- an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 to 600,000 can be preferably used.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer is a non-conjugated polyene having a total of two or more partial structures selected from the group consisting of the following general formulas (I) and (II) as a non-conjugated polyene.
- specific non-conjugated polyene in addition to the above requirements (I) to (III), the following requirements (Vi) to (V-iii) are preferably satisfied.
- Vi ⁇ Requirements (Vi) ⁇
- the requirement (Vi) is that the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer has the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer and the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer.
- the mass fraction of the structural unit derived from the specific non-conjugated polyene in the non-conjugated polyene copolymer (mass fraction of the specific non-conjugated polyene: mass%) and the molecular weight of the specific non-conjugated polyene (molecular weight of the specific non-conjugated polyene) Specifies that the above formula (1) is satisfied.
- the above formula (1) of the requirement (Vi) is preferably the following formula (1 ′). 4.5 ⁇ Mw ⁇ mass fraction of specific non-conjugated polyene / 100 / molecular weight of specific non-conjugated polyene ⁇ 35 (1 ′)
- the content of the structural unit derived from the specific non-conjugated polyene is appropriate, and exhibits sufficient crosslinking performance.
- a laminate having excellent cross-linking speed and excellent mechanical properties can be produced.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer can be determined as a numerical value in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- V-ii ⁇ Requirements (V-ii) ⁇
- the above formula (2) of the requirement (V-ii) is preferably the following formula (2 ′). P / ([ ⁇ ] 2.9 ) ⁇ mass fraction of specific non-conjugated polyene ⁇ 5.7 (2 ′)
- P / ([ ⁇ ] 2.9 ) on the left side of equation (2) represents short chain branching, molecular weight, etc.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin used in the present invention The non-conjugated polyene copolymer is considered to be able to satisfy the above formula (2) by having less long chain branching than the conventionally known ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer.
- the P value is a complex viscosity at 0.1 rad / s obtained by measurement using a viscoelasticity measuring device Ares (manufactured by Rheometric Scientific) at 190 ° C., a strain of 1.0%, and a frequency changed. And the ratio ( ⁇ * ratio) from the complex viscosity at 100 rad / s.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] means a value measured in decalin at 135 ° C.
- V-iii The requirement (V-iii) is that the number of long chain branches per 1000 carbon atoms (LCB 1000C ) obtained by using 3D-GPC of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer, and the weight average molecular weight.
- the natural logarithm [Ln (Mw)] of (Mw) specifies that the above formula (3) is satisfied.
- the above expression (3) of requirement (v) is preferably the following expression (3 ′).
- Mw and the number of long chain branches per 1000 carbon atoms can be determined by a structural analysis method using 3D-GPC. Specifically in this specification, it calculated
- the dn / dc value necessary for determination of the absolute molecular weight was determined for each sample from the dn / dc value 0.053 of standard polystyrene (molecular weight 190000) and the response intensity of the differential refractometer per unit injection mass.
- the long-chain branching parameter g′i for each eluted component was calculated from the following formula (v-1).
- g′w the number of branch points per molecular chain BrNo, the number of long chain branches per 1000 carbons LCB 1000C , and the degree of branching ⁇ per unit molecular weight were calculated.
- g is a long-chain branching parameter obtained from the radius of inertia Rg, and the following simple correlation is performed with g ′ obtained from the intrinsic viscosity.
- the specific non-conjugated polyene preferably contains VNB, and the specific non-conjugated polyene is more preferably VNB.
- the method for producing the olefin rubber is not particularly limited and may be a conventionally known method.
- the olefin rubber is an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer, which will be described as an example.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer used in the present invention may be prepared by any production method, but is obtained by copolymerizing monomers in the presence of a metallocene compound. It is preferable that it is obtained by copolymerizing monomers in the presence of a catalyst system containing a metallocene compound.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer is preferably obtained by copolymerizing monomers in the presence of at least one metallocene compound selected from compounds represented by the following general formula [A1]. It is desirable that When the copolymerization of the monomer is carried out using a catalyst system containing such a metallocene compound, long chain branching contained in the resulting copolymer is suppressed, and an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / nonconjugated polyene copolymer is obtained. It can be easily prepared.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 8 , R 9 and R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydrocarbon group, silicon-containing group or silicon-containing group. 2 represents a heteroatom-containing group, and two adjacent groups among R 1 to R 4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the hydrocarbon group is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, specifically, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylalkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, or a 6 to 20 carbon atom. Examples thereof include an aryl group and a substituted aryl group.
- a hydrogen atom may be substituted with a halogen atom, and examples thereof include a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethylphenyl group, a pentafluorophenyl group, and a chlorophenyl group.
- Examples of the silicon-containing group include a silyl group, a siloxy group, a hydrocarbon-substituted silyl group, and a hydrocarbon-substituted siloxy group.
- a silyl group dimethylsilyl group, trimethylsilyl group, ethylsilyl group, diethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, diphenylmethylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group, dimethylphenylsilyl group, dimethyl-t-butylsilyl group, dimethyl (pentafluorophenyl)
- a silyl group etc. can be mentioned.
- hetero atom-containing groups other than silicon-containing groups include oxygen-containing groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, and phenoxy group, nitro group, cyano group, N-methylamino group, N, N-dimethylamino group, and N-phenylamino.
- nitrogen-containing groups such as a group, boron-containing groups such as a boranetriyl group and a diboranyl group, and sulfur-containing groups such as a sulfonyl group and a sulfenyl group.
- R 6 and R 11 are the same atom or the same group selected from a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a silicon-containing group and a heteroatom-containing group other than a silicon-containing group
- R 7 and R 10 are a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, are the same atoms or the same group selected from heteroatom-containing groups other than silicon-containing group and a silicon-containing group
- R 6 and R 7 may bond to each other to form a ring
- R 10 and R 11 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- R 13 and R 14 each independently represents an aryl group.
- M 1 represents a zirconium atom.
- Y 1 represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom.
- Q is a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a halogenated hydrocarbon group, a neutral conjugated or nonconjugated diene having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an anionic ligand, or a neutral ligand capable of coordinating with a lone electron pair.
- J represents an integer of 1 to 4, and when j is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of Qs may be the same or different.
- the hydrocarbon group is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, specifically, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a 2-methylpropyl group, a 1,1-dimethylpropyl group.
- 2,2-dimethylpropyl group 1,1-diethylpropyl group, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl group, 1,1,2,2-tetramethylpropyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group
- Examples include 1,1-dimethylbutyl group, 1,1,3-trimethylbutyl group, neopentyl group, cyclohexylmethyl group, cyclohexyl group, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexyl group, and benzyl group, preferably methyl group, ethyl Group, benzyl group.
- the halogenated hydrocarbon group is preferably a halogenated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples include a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethylphenyl group, a pentafluorophenyl group, and a chlorophenyl group.
- the neutral conjugated or nonconjugated diene having 4 to 20 carbon atoms is preferably a neutral conjugated or nonconjugated diene having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of neutral conjugated or non-conjugated dienes include s-cis- or s-trans- ⁇ 4 -1,3-butadiene, s-cis- or s-trans- ⁇ 4 -1,4-diphenyl- 1,3-butadiene, s-cis- or s-trans- ⁇ 4 -3-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, s-cis- or s-trans- ⁇ 4 -1,4-dibenzyl-1,3- butadiene, s- cis - or s- trans eta 4-2,4-hexadiene, s- cis - or s- trans eta 4-1,3-pentadiene, s- cis - or s- trans eta
- anionic ligand examples include alkoxy groups such as methoxy, t-butoxy and phenoxy, carboxylate groups such as acetate and benzoate, and sulfonate groups such as mesylate and tosylate.
- organophosphorus compounds such as trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, diphenylmethylphosphine, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dioxane, 1,2- And ethers such as dimethoxyethane.
- Examples of the cyclopentadienyl group having substituents R 1 to R 4 in the above formula [A1] include an unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl group in which R 1 to R 4 are hydrogen atoms, and 3-t-butylcyclopentadienyl.
- a cyclopentadienyl group that is unsubstituted (R 1 to R 4 are hydrogen atoms) is preferable.
- the fluorenyl group having substituents R 5 to R 12 in the formula [A1] is 2-position 1-substitution such as 2-methylfluorenyl group, 2-t-butylfluorenyl group, 2-phenylfluorenyl group, etc.
- 4-position 1-substituted fluorenyl group such as fluorenyl group, 4-methylfluorenyl group, 4-t-butylfluorenyl group, 4-phenylfluorenyl group, or 2,7-di-t-butylfluorenyl Group, 2,7-position or 3,6-position disubstituted fluorenyl group such as 3,6-di-t-butylfluorenyl group, 2,7-dimethyl-3,6-di-t-butylfluorenyl group 2,7-diphenyl-3,6-di-t-butylfluorenyl group, etc., 2,3,6,7-position 4-substituted fluorenyl group, or the following general formulas [VI], [V-II] bound to form a ring R 6 and R 7, as represented in each other, 10 and R 11 is and bonded 2,3,6,7-position 4-substituted fluorenyl group which forms a ring are
- R 5 , R 8 , R 9 and R 12 are the same as defined in the general formula [A1], R a , R b , R c , R d , R e , R f , R g and R h are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and are bonded to adjacent substituents. May form a ring.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an amyl group, and an n-pentyl group.
- R x and R y are each independently a hydrocarbon group which may have an unsaturated bond having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R x is a bond to R a or R c. R y may form a double bond in combination with the carbon to which R e or R g is bonded, and R x and R y may form a double bond. Both are preferably saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula [VI] or [V-II] include an octamethyloctahydrodibenzofluorenyl group represented by the formula [V-III], a formula [V- IV] tetramethyldodecahydrodibenzofluorenyl group represented by formula [VV], octamethyltetrahydrodicyclopentafluorenyl group represented by formula [VV], hexamethyldihydro represented by formula [V-VI] Examples thereof include a dicyclopentafluorenyl group and a b, h-dibenzofluorenyl group represented by the formula [V-VII].
- any of the metallocene compounds represented by the above general formula [A1] containing these fluorenyl groups is excellent in the copolymerization ability of the non-conjugated polyene.
- Y 1 is a silicon atom
- Transition metal having 3,6-position 2-substituted fluorenyl group, 2,3,6,7-position 4-substituted fluorenyl group, and 2,3,6,7-position 4-substituted fluorenyl group represented by the above general formula [VI] The compound is particularly excellent.
- R 13 and R 14 are methyl. Selected from groups other than a group, a butyl group, a phenyl group, a silicon-substituted phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a benzyl group;
- R 6 and R 11 are both t-butyl groups, and R 5 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 12 are not t-butyl groups
- R 13 And R 14 are selected from groups other than benzyl and silicon-substituted phenyl groups;
- R 13 and R 14 are methyl group, isopropyl group, t-butyl group, isobuty
- R 13 and R 14 are selected from groups other than methyl, phenyl, pt-butylphenyl, pn-butylphenyl, silicon-substituted phenyl, and benzyl.
- Y 1 is a carbon atom
- R 6 is a dimethylamino group, a methoxy group or a methyl group
- R 5 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 and R 12 are different from R 6 or
- R 13 and R 14 are selected from groups other than a methyl group and a phenyl group
- Y 1 is a carbon atom
- the moiety composed of a fluorenyl group and R 5 to R 12 is b, h-dibenzofluorenyl or a, i-dibenzofluorenyl, R 13 and R 14 are It is preferably selected from groups other than methyl and phenyl groups.
- metallocene compound represented by the general formula [A1] in the present invention when Y is a silicon atom, Diphenylsilylene (cyclopentadienyl) (2,7-di-t-butylfluorenyl) zirconium dichloride, Diphenylsilylene (cyclopentadienyl) (3,6-di-t-butylfluorenyl) zirconium dichloride, Diphenylsilylene (cyclopentadienyl) (2,7-dimethyl-3,6-di-t-butylfluorenyl) zirconium dichloride, Diphenylsilylene (cyclopentadienyl) (2,7-diphenyl-3,6-di-t-butylfluorenyl)
- Examples of structural formulas of these metallocene compounds include di (p-tolyl) methylene (cyclopentadienyl) (octamethyloctahydrodibenzofluorenyl) zirconium dichloride (below (A1-1)) and di (p
- the structural formula of -chlorophenyl) methylene (cyclopentadienyl) (octamethyloctahydrodibenzofluorenyl) zirconium dichloride ((A1-2) below) is shown below.
- the above compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the metallocene compound represented by the above formula [A1] that can be suitably used for the preparation of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer of the present invention is produced by any method without any particular limitation. be able to. Specifically, for example, J. Org. Organomet. Chem. , 63, 509 (1996), WO2005 / 100410, WO2006 / 123759, WO01 / 27124, JP2004-168744, and JP2004-175759, which are publications relating to applications by the present applicant. And can be produced according to the method described in JP-A No. 2000-212194.
- the polymerization catalyst that can be suitably used for the production of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer of the present invention includes a metallocene compound represented by the above-mentioned formula [A1] and can copolymerize monomers. Is mentioned.
- (B-1) Organometallic compound As the (b-1) organometallic compound used in the present invention, specifically, organometallic compounds of Groups 1, 2 and 12, 13 of the periodic table such as the following general formulas [VII] to [IX] Is used.
- Such compounds include trialkylaluminum such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-octylaluminum, tricycloalkylaluminum, isobutylaluminum dichloride, diethylaluminum chloride, ethylaluminum dichloride, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, methyl.
- Examples thereof include aluminum dichloride, dimethylaluminum chloride, and diisobutylaluminum hydride.
- R a and R b may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and M 3 represents Mg, Zn or A dialkyl compound having a metal of Group 2 or Group 12 of the periodic table represented by Cd.
- organometallic compounds (b-1) such as triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and tri-n-octylaluminum are preferable.
- organometallic compounds (b-1) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the (b-2) organoaluminum oxy compound used in the present invention may be a conventionally known aluminoxane or a benzene-insoluble organoaluminum oxy compound as exemplified in JP-A-2-78687. May be.
- a conventionally well-known aluminoxane can be manufactured, for example with the following method, and is normally obtained as a solution of a hydrocarbon solvent.
- Compounds containing adsorbed water or salts containing water of crystallization such as magnesium chloride hydrate, copper sulfate hydrate, aluminum sulfate hydrate, nickel sulfate hydrate, first cerium chloride hydrate, etc.
- a method of reacting adsorbed water or crystal water with an organoaluminum compound by adding an organoaluminum compound such as trialkylaluminum to the suspension of the hydrocarbon.
- the aluminoxane may contain a small amount of an organometallic component. Further, after removing the solvent or the unreacted organoaluminum compound from the recovered aluminoxane solution by distillation, it may be redissolved in a solvent or suspended in a poor aluminoxane solvent.
- organoaluminum compound used when preparing the aluminoxane include the same organoaluminum compounds as those exemplified as the organoaluminum compound belonging to the above (b-1a).
- trialkylaluminum and tricycloalkylaluminum are preferable, and trimethylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum are particularly preferable.
- the above organoaluminum compounds are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the (b-2) benzene-insoluble organoaluminum oxy compound which is an embodiment of the organoaluminum oxy compound used in the present invention, has an Al component dissolved in benzene at 60 ° C. based on 100% by mass of benzene in terms of Al atom Usually, it is preferably 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, particularly preferably 2% by mass or less, ie, insoluble or hardly soluble in benzene.
- organoaluminum oxy compound used in the present invention an organoaluminum oxy compound containing boron represented by the following general formula [X] can also be exemplified.
- R 1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 2 to R 5 may be the same or different from each other. 1 to 10 hydrocarbon groups are shown. ]
- the organoaluminum oxy compound containing boron represented by the general formula [X] includes an alkyl boronic acid represented by the following general formula [XI] and an organoaluminum compound in an inert solvent under an inert gas atmosphere. In particular, it can be produced by reacting at a temperature of ⁇ 80 ° C. to room temperature for 1 minute to 24 hours.
- R 1 -B (OH) 2 ... [XI] In the formula [XI], R 1 represents the same group as R 1 in the general formula [X].)
- alkyl boronic acid represented by the general formula [XI] include methyl boronic acid, ethyl boronic acid, isopropyl boronic acid, n-propyl boronic acid, n-butyl boronic acid, isobutyl boronic acid, and n-hexyl boron.
- Examples include acid, cyclohexyl boronic acid, phenyl boronic acid, 3,5-difluorophenyl boronic acid, pentafluorophenyl boronic acid, 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) phenyl boronic acid and the like.
- methyl boronic acid n-butyl boronic acid, isobutyl boronic acid, 3,5-difluorophenyl boronic acid, and pentafluorophenyl boronic acid are preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- organoaluminum compound to be reacted with the alkylboronic acid include the same organoaluminum compounds as those exemplified as the organoaluminum compound belonging to (b-1a).
- trialkylaluminum and tricycloalkylaluminum are preferable, and trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, and triisobutylaluminum are particularly preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the (b-2) organoaluminum oxy compounds as described above are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- (B-3) Compound that reacts with transition metal compound (A) to form an ion pair
- the compound (b-3) (hereinafter referred to as “ionized ionic compound”) which forms an ion pair by reacting with the bridged metallocene compound (A) used in the present invention, JP-A-1-501950, Lewis described in JP-A-1-502036, JP-A-3-179005, JP-A-3-179006, JP-A-3-207703, JP-A-3-207704, USP-5321106, etc.
- Examples thereof include acids, ionic compounds, borane compounds and carborane compounds.
- heteropoly compounds and isopoly compounds can also be mentioned.
- Such ionized ionic compounds (b-3) are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- a compound represented by BR 3 (R is a phenyl group or fluorine which may have a substituent such as fluorine, methyl group or trifluoromethyl group) can be mentioned.
- trifluoroboron triphenylboron, tris (4-fluorophenyl) boron, tris (3,5-difluorophenyl) boron, tris (4-fluoromethylphenyl) boron, tris (pentafluorophenyl) boron, tris ( and p-tolyl) boron, tris (o-tolyl) boron, and tris (3,5-dimethylphenyl) boron.
- the ionic compound include compounds represented by the following general formula [XII].
- examples of R 1+ include H + , carbonium cation, oxonium cation, ammonium cation, phosphonium cation, cycloheptyltrienyl cation, and ferrocenium cation having a transition metal.
- 2 to R 5 may be the same or different from each other, and are an organic group, preferably an aryl group or a substituted aryl group.
- carbonium cation examples include trisubstituted carbonium cations such as triphenylcarbonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) carbonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) carbonium cation.
- ammonium cation examples include trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, tributylammonium cation, and tri (n-butyl) ammonium cation; N, N-dialkylanilinium cations such as N, N-dimethylanilinium cation, N, N-diethylanilinium cation, N, N, 2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cation; Examples thereof include dialkylammonium cations such as di (isopropyl) ammonium cation and dicyclohexylammonium cation.
- phosphonium cation examples include triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- R 1+ is preferably a carbonium cation, an ammonium cation or the like, and particularly preferably a triphenylcarbonium cation, an N, N-dimethylanilinium cation or an N, N-diethylanilinium cation.
- Examples of the ionic compound include trialkyl-substituted ammonium salts, N, N-dialkylanilinium salts, dialkylammonium salts, and triarylphosphonium salts.
- trialkyl-substituted ammonium salts include triethylammonium tetra (phenyl) boron, tripropylammonium tetra (phenyl) boron, tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetra (phenyl) boron, and trimethylammonium tetra (p-tolyl).
- N, N-dialkylanilinium salt examples include N, N-dimethylanilinium tetra (phenyl) boron, N, N-diethylanilinium tetra (phenyl) boron, N, N, 2,4,6. -Pentamethylanilinium tetra (phenyl) boron and the like.
- dialkylammonium salt examples include di (1-propyl) ammonium tetra (pentafluorophenyl) boron and dicyclohexylammonium tetra (phenyl) boron.
- triphenylcarbenium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate N, N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, ferrocenium tetra (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbenium pentaphenyl
- Examples thereof include a cyclopentadienyl complex, an N, N-diethylanilinium pentaphenylcyclopentadienyl complex, and a boron compound represented by the following formula [XIII] or [XIV].
- Et represents an ethyl group.
- borane compound examples include decaborane; bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] nonaborate, bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] decaborate, bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] undecaborate, bis Salts of anions such as [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] dodecaborate, bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] decachlorodecaborate, bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] dodecachlorododecaborate; Metal borane anion salts such as -butyl) ammonium bis (dodecahydridododecaborate) cobaltate (III), bis [tri (n-butyl) ammonium] bis (dodecahydridododecaborate) nickelate (III), etc. Can be mentioned.
- carborane compound examples include 4-carbanonaborane, 1,3-dicarbanonarborane, 6,9-dicarbadecarborane, dodecahydride-1-phenyl-1,3-dicarbanonarborane, dodecahydride.
- the heteropoly compound is composed of atoms selected from silicon, phosphorus, titanium, germanium, arsenic and tin, and one or more atoms selected from vanadium, niobium, molybdenum and tungsten.
- (B-3) Among the ionized ionic compounds, the above ionic compounds are preferable, and among them, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and N, N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate are preferable. More preferred.
- the ionized ionic compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the metallocene catalyst used in the present invention comprises the above metallocene compound (a), (b-1) an organometallic compound, (b-2) an organoaluminum oxy compound, and (b-3) an ionized ionic compound.
- a carrier (c) may be used as necessary together with at least one compound (b) selected.
- the carrier (c) (particulate carrier) used as necessary is an inorganic compound or an organic compound, and is a granular or particulate solid.
- the inorganic compound a porous oxide, an inorganic halide, clay, clay mineral, or an ion-exchange layered compound is preferable.
- the porous oxide specifically, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO, TiO 2 , B 2 O 3 , CaO, ZnO, BaO, ThO 2 or the like, or a composite or mixture containing these is used.
- natural or synthetic zeolite SiO 2 —MgO, SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 —TiO 2 , SiO 2 —V 2 O 5 , SiO 2 —Cr 2 O 3 , SiO 2 —TiO 2 —MgO, etc.
- those containing SiO 2 and / or Al 2 O 3 as main components are preferred.
- Such porous oxides have different properties depending on the type and production method, but the carrier preferably used in the present invention has a particle size of 10 to 300 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 200 ⁇ m, and a specific surface area of 50 to 1000 m.
- Such a carrier is used after calcining at 100 to 1000 ° C., preferably 150 to 700 ° C., if necessary.
- the inorganic halide MgCl 2 , MgBr 2 , MnCl 2 , MnBr 2 or the like is used.
- the inorganic halide may be used as it is or after being pulverized by a ball mill or a vibration mill. Further, it is also possible to use a material in which an inorganic halide is dissolved in a solvent such as alcohol and then precipitated into fine particles with a precipitating agent.
- the clay used in the present invention is usually composed mainly of clay minerals.
- the ion-exchangeable layered compound used in the present invention is a compound having a crystal structure in which surfaces formed by ionic bonds and the like are stacked in parallel with each other with a weak binding force, and the contained ions can be exchanged. .
- Most clay minerals are ion-exchangeable layered compounds.
- these clays, clay minerals, and ion-exchange layered compounds are not limited to natural products, and artificial synthetic products can also be used.
- clay clay mineral or ion-exchangeable layered compound
- clay clay mineral, ionic crystalline compound having a layered crystal structure such as hexagonal fine packing type, antimony type, CdCl 2 type, CdI 2 type, etc. It can be illustrated.
- clays and clay minerals examples include kaolin, bentonite, kibushi clay, gyrome clay, allophane, hysingelite, pyrophyllite, ummo group, montmorillonite group, vermiculite, ryokdeite group, palygorskite, kaolinite, nacrite, dickite
- ion-exchangeable layered compounds include ⁇ -Zr (HAsO 4 ) 2 .H 2 O, ⁇ -Zr (HPO 4 ) 2 , ⁇ -Zr (KPO 4 ) 2 .3H 2 O, ⁇ -Ti (HPO 4 ) 2 , ⁇ -Ti (HAsO 4 ) 2 .H 2 O, ⁇ -Sn (HPO 4 ) 2 .H 2 O, ⁇ -Zr (HPO 4 ) 2 , ⁇ -Ti (HPO 4 ) 2 and crystalline acidic salts of polyvalent metals such as ⁇ -
- Such a clay, clay mineral or ion exchange layered compound preferably has a pore volume of not less than 0.1 cc / g having a radius of 20 mm or more as measured by a mercury intrusion method, and is preferably from 0.3 to 5 cc / g. Particularly preferred.
- the pore volume is measured in a pore radius range of 20 to 30000 mm by a mercury intrusion method using a mercury porosimeter.
- the clay and clay mineral used in the present invention are preferably subjected to chemical treatment.
- chemical treatment any of a surface treatment that removes impurities adhering to the surface and a treatment that affects the crystal structure of clay can be used.
- Specific examples of the chemical treatment include acid treatment, alkali treatment, salt treatment, and organic matter treatment.
- the acid treatment increases the surface area by eluting cations such as Al, Fe, and Mg in the crystal structure.
- Alkali treatment destroys the crystal structure of the clay, resulting in a change in the structure of the clay.
- an ion complex, a molecular complex, an organic derivative, and the like can be formed, and the surface area and interlayer distance can be changed.
- the ion-exchangeable layered compound used in the present invention may be a layered compound in a state where the layers are expanded by exchanging the exchangeable ions between the layers with other large and bulky ions using the ion-exchange property.
- Such bulky ions play a role of supporting pillars to support the layered structure and are usually called pillars.
- introducing another substance between the layers of the layered compound in this way is called intercalation.
- guest compounds to be intercalated include cationic inorganic compounds such as TiCl 4 and ZrCl 4 , metal alkoxides such as Ti (OR) 4 , Zr (OR) 4 , PO (OR) 3 , and B (OR) 3 ( R is a hydrocarbon group), metal hydroxide ions such as [Al 13 O 4 (OH) 24 ] 7+ , [Zr 4 (OH) 14 ] 2+ , [Fe 3 O (OCOCH 3 ) 6 ] + Etc. These compounds are used alone or in combination of two or more.
- these compounds were intercalated, they were obtained by hydrolyzing metal alkoxides such as Si (OR) 4 , Al (OR) 3 , Ge (OR) 4 (R is a hydrocarbon group, etc.).
- metal alkoxides such as Si (OR) 4 , Al (OR) 3 , Ge (OR) 4 (R is a hydrocarbon group, etc.
- Polymers, colloidal inorganic compounds such as SiO 2, and the like can also coexist.
- the pillar include oxides generated by heat dehydration after intercalation of the metal hydroxide ions between layers.
- the clay, clay mineral, and ion-exchangeable layered compound used in the present invention may be used as they are, or may be used after processing such as ball milling and sieving. Further, it may be used after newly adsorbing and adsorbing water or after heat dehydration treatment. Furthermore, you may use individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- clays or clay minerals preferred are montmorillonite, vermiculite, hectorite, teniolite and synthetic mica.
- organic compound include granular or fine particle solids having a particle size in the range of 10 to 300 ⁇ m.
- a (co) polymer produced mainly from an ⁇ -olefin having 2 to 14 carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, vinylcyclohexane, styrene (Co) polymers produced by the main component, and their modified products.
- the metallocene catalyst used in the present invention is at least selected from a metallocene compound (a), (b-1) an organometallic compound, (b-2) an organoaluminum oxy compound, and (b-3) an ionized ionic compound.
- a specific organic compound component (d) as described later can be included as needed together with one kind of compound (b) and a carrier (c) used as necessary.
- the organic compound component (d) is used for the purpose of improving the polymerization performance and the physical properties of the produced polymer, if necessary.
- organic compounds include, but are not limited to, alcohols, phenolic compounds, carboxylic acids, phosphorus compounds, and sulfonates.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer according to the present invention can be produced by copolymerizing monomers comprising ethylene, an ⁇ -olefin, and a non-conjugated polyene.
- the metallocene compound (a), the compound (b) and the carrier (c) may be contacted in advance.
- the unsupported compound (b) may be added in any order as necessary.
- the compound (b) may be the same as or different from the compound (b) supported on the carrier (c).
- the solid catalyst component in which the metallocene compound (a) is supported on the carrier (c) and the solid catalyst component in which the metallocene compound (a) and the compound (b) are supported on the carrier (c) are prepolymerized with olefin.
- the catalyst component may be further supported on the prepolymerized solid catalyst component.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer can be suitably obtained by copolymerizing monomers in the presence of the metallocene catalyst as described above.
- the metallocene compound (a) is usually 10 ⁇ 12 to 10 ⁇ 2 mol, preferably 10 ⁇ 10 to 10 ⁇ 8 mol, per liter of reaction volume. Used in such an amount.
- the molar ratio [(b-1) / M] of the compound (b-1) to the total transition metal atoms (M) in the metallocene compound (a) is usually 0.01 to The amount used is 50000, preferably 0.05 to 10,000.
- the molar ratio [(b-2) / M] of the aluminum atom in the compound (b-2) to the total transition metals (M) in the metallocene compound (a) is usually 10 It is used in an amount of ⁇ 50000, preferably 20 to 10,000.
- the molar ratio [(b-3) / M] of the compound (b-3) and the transition metal atom (M) in the metallocene compound (a) is usually 1 to 20, preferably Is used in an amount of 1-15.
- the method for producing an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer can be carried out by either a liquid phase polymerization method such as solution (solution) polymerization or suspension polymerization, or a gas phase polymerization method.
- a liquid phase polymerization method such as solution (solution) polymerization or suspension polymerization
- a gas phase polymerization method it is preferable to have a step of obtaining the following polymerization reaction solution.
- the step of obtaining a polymerization reaction liquid is a method in which an aliphatic hydrocarbon is used as a polymerization solvent and the metallocene catalyst according to the present invention, preferably R 13 and R 14 bonded to Y 1 in the general formula [A1] are bonded.
- R 7 and R 10 include a transition metal compound having an alkyl substituent, ethylene, an ⁇ -olefin
- the concentration of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer with respect to the polymerization solvent exceeds the above range, the viscosity of the polymerization solution is too high, so the solution may not be uniformly stirred and the polymerization reaction may be difficult. is there.
- polymerization solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, dodecane, kerosene, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclopentane, benzene, toluene, xylene
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as ethylene chloride, chlorobenzene, and dichloromethane.
- olefin itself can also be used as a solvent.
- hexane is preferred from the viewpoint of separation and purification from the resulting resulting / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer.
- the polymerization temperature is usually in the range of ⁇ 50 to + 200 ° C., preferably in the range of 0 to + 200 ° C., more preferably in the range of +80 to + 200 ° C.
- (+ 80 ° C. or higher) is desirable from the viewpoint of catalyst activity, copolymerizability, and productivity.
- the polymerization pressure is usually from normal pressure to 10 MPa gauge pressure, preferably from normal pressure to 5 MPa gauge pressure, and the polymerization reaction can be carried out by any of batch, semi-continuous and continuous methods. Furthermore, the polymerization can be performed in two or more stages having different reaction conditions. In the present invention, among these, it is preferable to employ a method in which a monomer is continuously supplied to a reactor to carry out copolymerization.
- the reaction time (average residence time when copolymerization is carried out in a continuous process) varies depending on conditions such as catalyst concentration and polymerization temperature, but is usually 0.5 minutes to 5 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 3 hours. It is.
- the molecular weight of the obtained ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer can also be adjusted by the presence of hydrogen in the polymerization system or by changing the polymerization temperature. Furthermore, it can also adjust with the quantity of the compound (b) to be used. Specific examples include triisobutylaluminum, methylaluminoxane, diethylzinc and the like. When hydrogen is added, the amount is suitably about 0.001 to 100 NL per kg of olefin.
- the molar ratio of ethylene to ⁇ -olefin is preferably 40/60 to 99.9 / 0.1, more preferably 40/60 to 85/15, and still more preferably 55/45 to 85/15, most preferably 55/45 to 78/22.
- the amount of nonconjugated polyene charged is usually 0.07 to 100% by mass of ethylene, ⁇ -olefin, and nonconjugated polyene (total amount of all monomers charged when other monomers are used). It is 10% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass to 8.0% by mass, more preferably 0.5% by mass to 5.0% by mass.
- Rubber containing Group 16 element and / or Group 17 element The rubber containing Group 16 element and / or Group 17 element used in the present invention is any of Group 16 element and Group 17 element. Or a rubber containing a structural unit having one or more.
- the Group 16 element means an element belonging to Group 16 (formerly VIB group) in the periodic table, and examples thereof include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.
- the Group 16 element is oxygen.
- the Group 17 element refers to an element belonging to Group 17 (formerly VIIB group) in the periodic table, and includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the Group 17 element is chlorine.
- Typical examples of the rubber containing a group 16 element and / or a group 17 element used in the present invention include acrylic rubber, halogen-containing rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, and polysulfide rubber.
- acrylic rubbers and halogen-containing rubbers are particularly preferred as rubbers containing Group 16 elements and / or Group 17 elements.
- the acrylic rubber is a rubber or a composite rubber formed from a polymer having a structural unit derived from a (meth) acrylic monomer.
- the acrylic rubber is a polymer usually containing 50 to 100% by mass of a structural unit derived from a (meth) acrylic monomer, and has a structural unit derived from another monomer in the range of 0 to 50% by mass.
- the term (meth) acrylic monomer is used to include methacrylic monomers and acrylic monomers.
- the composite rubber is not a polymerized polymer when the polymer having a structural unit derived from the (meth) acrylic monomer is a polymer polymerized using two or more monomers. It is a rubber obtained by polymerization.
- the (meth) acrylic monomer is not particularly limited, but (meth) acrylate is usually used. Specific examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, ethoxyethoxyethyl acrylate, methoxytripropylene glycol acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate. , Lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, etc. are used from the viewpoint of rubber elasticity, modulus, mechanical strength, and oil resistance. preferable.
- the acrylic rubber may have a structural unit derived from a monomer other than the (meth) acrylic monomer.
- Other monomers include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene and 1-butene; diene monomers such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene; aromatic vinyls such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; acrylonitrile; Unsaturated nitriles such as methacrylonitrile; vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether and butyl vinyl ether; vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride and vinyl bromide; vinylidene halides such as vinylidene chloride and vinylidene bromide; glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, allyl glycidyl Vinyl monomers having a glycidyl group such as ether and ethylene glycol glycidyl ether; polyfunctional monomers such as
- a crosslinking agent may be used.
- a monomer having two or more unsaturated bonds in the molecule is usually used.
- it is preferably used in the range of 0.01 to 2% by mass, assuming that the mass of the monomer to be used is 100% by mass. More preferably, it is used in the range of ⁇ 1.5 mass%.
- crosslinking agent examples include ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, propylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butylene glycol dimethacrylate, divinylbenzene, and polyfunctional methacrylic group-modified silicone.
- a crosslinking agent may be used independently and may use 2 or more types.
- the acrylic rubber commercially available products can be used without particular limitation.
- the method for producing the acrylic rubber is not particularly limited.
- various surfactants such as an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a cationic surfactant are used as an emulsifier or a dispersion stabilizer.
- a polymerization method such as emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization.
- the halogen-containing rubber is a rubber formed from a polymer having a structural unit derived from a halogen-containing monomer.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the halogen-containing rubber used in the present invention includes a structural unit derived from a fluorine-containing monomer and / or a structural unit derived from a chlorine-containing monomer. It is preferable to have a rubber.
- Examples of the rubber having a structural unit derived from a fluorine-containing monomer include fluorine rubber.
- fluororubber include vinylidene fluoride (VdF) / hexafluoropropylene (HFP) copolymer, VdF / tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) / HFP copolymer, and VdF / TFE / perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) (PAVE).
- VdF / perhaloolefin elastomer such as copolymer, VdF / chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) copolymer; VdF / non-perhaloolefin such as TFE / propylene / VdF copolymer, HFP / ethylene / VdF copolymer Perfluoroelastomers such as TFE / PAVE copolymers; non-perfluoroelastomers such as TFE / propylene copolymers and HFP / ethylene copolymers; fluorosilicone rubbers and the like.
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- the fluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) may contain a plurality of ether bonds. Further, the molecular weight of the fluororubber is 20,000 to 300,000, preferably 50,000 to 200,000 in terms of number average molecular weight.
- VdF / HFP copolymer, VdF / TFE / HFP copolymer, VdF / TFE / PAVE copolymer, TFE / propylene / VdF copolymer HFP / ethylene / VdF copolymer, TFE / propylene copolymer, and HFP / ethylene copolymer elastomer are preferable, and VdF / HFP copolymer and VdF / TFE / HFP copolymer elastomer are particularly preferable.
- the fluororubber may be copolymerized with a polyfunctional monomer having a plurality of vinyl groups or allyl groups, or an iodine or bromine-containing monomer as a crosslinkable group-containing unit. Further, by performing heat treatment or the like, dehydrofluorination may be promoted to generate a double bond serving as a crosslinking point in the molecule. Particularly preferred is a fluororubber having a structural unit derived from an iodinated olefin or a structural unit derived from a brominated olefin using an iodinated olefin or a brominated olefin as the crosslinkable unit.
- the content of crosslinking points in the fluororubber is preferably 0.05 to 5 mol%. More preferably, it is 0.15 to 3 mol%, and particularly preferably 0.25 to 2 mol%. If the crosslinking point is less than this, the sealing property and the adhesive strength are insufficient, and if it is more than this, rubber elasticity is lost such as elongation and flexibility are lowered.
- examples of the rubber having a structural unit derived from a chlorine-containing monomer include epichlorohydrin rubber, chloroprene rubber, and chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
- epichlorohydrin rubber is used as the rubber having a structural unit derived from a chlorine-containing monomer.
- the epichlorohydrin rubber used in the present invention may be a homopolymer of epichlorohydrin or a copolymer of epichlorohydrin and other monomers.
- examples of such copolymers include epichlorohydrin / ethylene oxide copolymer, epichlorohydrin / allyl glycidyl ether copolymer, epichlorohydrin / ethylene oxide / allyl glycidyl ether copolymer, etc. It is done.
- Adhesive Resin The adhesive resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin capable of adhering the olefin rubber and the rubber containing the Group 16 element and / or Group 17 element.
- adhesive resins include ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), silane-modified ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “silane-modified EVA”), and ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer.
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- silane-modified EVA silane-modified ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer examples include polymers and their ionomers, and ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymers (EMMA) and their ionomers, among which EVA, silane-modified EVA, and EMMA and its ionomers are preferred.
- the adhesive resin is EVA and silane-modified EVA.
- EVA and silane-modified EVA contains the above group 16 element and / or group 17 element. Reaction of the polymer and the rubber containing the group 16 element and / or the group 17 element, and other interactions, and the polymers and the olefin system. It is presumed that the adhesive force is expressed by fusion with rubber.
- the vinyl acetate content in the EVA used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 10% by mass to 50% by mass in order to obtain good adhesive strength.
- the EVA preferably has a density in the range of 930 kg / m 3 to 980 kg / m 3 , and has a melt flow rate (MFR) at 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg of 0.8 g / 10 min to 30 g / A range of 10 minutes is preferable.
- MFR melt flow rate
- ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer those obtained by a conventionally known method can be appropriately used, or commercially available ones can also be adopted.
- the silane-modified EVA used in the present invention is obtained by graft-modifying a silane compound on the EVA.
- the silane compound that can be used in the present invention is an organosilicon compound having one or more unsaturated hydrocarbon groups in the molecule and one or more alkoxy groups.
- the unsaturated hydrocarbon group include a vinyl group, an allyl group, and a (meth) acryl group.
- the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a butoxy group.
- silane compound for example, vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane in which the unsaturated hydrocarbon group is a vinyl group and the alkoxy group is a methoxy group or an ethoxy group are preferable.
- the amount of the silane compound added to the silane-modified EVA used in the present invention is preferably 0.01 parts by mass to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of EVA.
- the silane-modified EVA used in the present invention can be obtained by graft-modifying the silane compound to the EVA.
- it can be obtained by adding a silane compound and a radical generator to EVA in an extruder, melt-kneading at a temperature and time equal to or higher than the thermal decomposition start temperature of the radical generator, and then pelletizing.
- the radical generator is a compound that decomposes by heating to generate free radicals, and is used as a reaction initiator that chemically bonds a silane compound to EVA.
- the radical generator those having a half-life of 3 minutes or less at a temperature not lower than the melting point of EVA and not higher than 150 ° C. are particularly preferable.
- radical generator examples include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl peracetate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, dicumyl peroxide, and the like.
- peroxide examples include benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl peracetate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, dicumyl peroxide, and the like.
- the amount of radical generator used varies depending on the type of EVA and the amount of silane compound used. However, if the amount is small, the crosslinking reaction between EVA and the silane compound is not sufficiently performed, and if the amount is large, the single crosslinking of EVA is likely to be induced. Therefore, 0.01 to 5.0 parts by mass is preferable with respect to 100 parts by mass of EVA
- ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer and its ionomer and the ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer (EMMA) and its ionomer, commercially available products can be used as appropriate.
- EMMA ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer
- the layer (A) constituting the laminate of the present invention is an olefin rubber layer, that is, a layer made of olefin rubber.
- the layer (A) does not preclude that it is a layer composed only of olefinic rubber, but it is usually a layer produced using not only olefinic rubber but also other components as raw materials. is there.
- a layer (A) is a layer produced by bridge
- components other than the olefin rubber include (X-1) organic peroxide, (X-2) carbon black, (X-3) anti-aging agent, (X-4) softening agent, (X-5) ) Metal oxide, (X-6) crosslinking aid, (X-7) other components.
- any organic peroxide that can act as a crosslinking agent for olefin rubber can be suitably used.
- organic peroxide (X-1) examples include dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-di- (tert-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5.
- the organic peroxides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic peroxide is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 4 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the olefin rubber. It is desirable to be used in a range.
- (X-1) It is preferable that the blending amount of the organic peroxide is within the above-mentioned range since there is little bloom on the surface of the crosslinked molded article and the rubber molded article exhibits excellent crosslinking properties.
- (X-2) carbon black) (X-2) Carbon black
- Carbon black includes various carbon blacks such as SRF, GPF, FEF, MAF, HAF, ISAF, SAF, FT, MT; surface-treated carbon obtained by surface-treating these carbon blacks with a silane coupling agent or the like Black etc. are mentioned.
- the blending amount of (X-2) carbon black can be about 10 to 300 parts by weight, preferably 10 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably about 10 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin rubber. .
- (X-2) carbon black is contained within the above range, a laminate having improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength and wear resistance can be obtained, and other physical properties of the laminate can be impaired. This is preferable because the hardness can be increased.
- (X-3) anti-aging agent When (X-3) an anti-aging agent is contained, the product life of the molded product can be extended.
- (X-3) As the anti-aging agent conventionally known anti-aging agents such as amine-based anti-aging agents, phenol-based anti-aging agents, sulfur-based anti-aging agents and the like can be used.
- antioxidants include phenylbutylamine, N, N-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4,4′-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine ( Aromatic secondary amine antioxidants such as 4,4'-Dicumyl-diphenylamine), amine antioxidants such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer, dibutylhydroxy Phenolic antioxidants such as toluene, tetrakis [methylene (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy) hydrocinnamate] methane; bis [2-methyl-4- (3-n-alkylthiopropionyloxy) Thioether-based anti-aging agents such as -5-t-butylphenyl] sulfide; dithiocarbamines such as nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate Salt-based anti-aging agents; 2-mercapto-
- the blending amount of the antioxidant is 0.5 to 5.0 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 4.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0. 5 to 4.0 parts by mass. Within the above range, the laminate is preferable because of excellent heat aging resistance.
- softening agent components known as softening agents, processing aids and the like conventionally blended in rubber can be widely used.
- Petroleum softeners such as paraffinic process oil, naphthenic process oil, and aromatic process oil; Synthetic oil softeners; Ethylene and ⁇ -olefin co-oligomers; Paraffin wax; Liquid paraffin; White oil; Petrolatum; Coal tar softeners such as coal tar and coal tar pitch; Vegetable oil-based softeners such as castor oil, brocade oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, wax, rosin, pine oil, dipentene, pine tar, tall oil; Subs (Factis) such as Black Sub, White Sub, and Amber Sub; Waxes such as beeswax, carnauba wax, lanolin; Fatty acids, fatty acid salts and esters such as ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, barium stearate, calcium
- fatty acids, petroleum softeners, phenol / formaldehyde resins and petroleum hydrocarbon resins are preferred, fatty acids, petroleum softeners and petroleum hydrocarbon resins are more preferred, and fatty acids and petroleum softeners are particularly preferred.
- petroleum-based softeners petroleum-based process oils are preferable, and paraffin-based process oils, naphthenic process oils, aroma-based process oils, and the like are more preferable, and paraffin-based process oils are particularly preferable.
- petroleum hydrocarbon resins aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon resins are preferable.
- paraffinic process oil is particularly preferable.
- the amount of the softening agent (X-4) is not particularly limited, but is usually less than 200 parts by weight, preferably 0 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin rubber.
- the amount is more preferably 0 to 80 parts by mass, further preferably 0 to 70 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0 to 60 parts by mass.
- the metal oxide can be appropriately selected depending on the use of the laminate, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Specific examples of the metal oxide include zinc white (for example, META-Z102) (trade name: zinc oxide manufactured by Inoue Lime Industry Co., Ltd.), magnesium oxide, and the like.
- the blending amount is usually 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0 to 100 parts by mass of the olefin rubber. .5 to 5 parts by mass.
- Crosslinking aids include sulfur; quinone dioxime compounds such as p-quinone dioxime; polyfunctional monomers such as (meth) acrylate compounds such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate Allylic compounds such as diallyl phthalate and triallyl cyanurate; maleimide compounds such as m-phenylene bismaleimide; and divinylbenzene.
- the crosslinking aids may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the crosslinking aid (X-6) is not particularly limited, but is usually 0 to 4.0 parts by weight, preferably 0 to 3.5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin rubber. More preferably, it is 0 to 3.0 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.1 to 3.0 parts by mass.
- the amount of the (X-6) crosslinking aid is preferably 0.5 to 2 mol, more preferably about an equimolar amount with respect to 1 mol of the (X-1) organic peroxide. desirable.
- (X-7) other ingredients examples include various additive components conventionally added to rubber compositions such as fillers, foaming agents, antioxidants, processing aids, surfactants and weathering agents. Moreover, you may contain resin components other than an olefin type rubber as needed.
- the filler examples include inorganic fillers such as silica, activated calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, fine powder talc, talc, fine powder silicic acid and clay. These fillers can be used in an amount of 0 to 300 parts by mass, preferably about 0 to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the olefin rubber. By using a filler, it is possible to obtain a laminate having improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, and abrasion resistance, and to increase the hardness without impairing other physical properties of the laminate. .
- inorganic fillers such as silica, activated calcium carbonate, light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, fine powder talc, talc, fine powder silicic acid and clay.
- the resin composition according to the present invention preferably contains an antioxidant from the viewpoint that the material life can be extended.
- Aromatic secondary amine stabilizers such as phenylnaphthylamine, 4,4 ′-( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine, N, N′-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; Phenol stabilizers such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and tetrakis- [methylene-3- (3 ', 5'-di-t-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane ; Thioether stabilizers such as bis [2-methyl-4- (3-n-alkylthiopropionyloxy) -5-t-butylphenyl] sulfide; benzimidazole stabilizers such as 2-mercaptobenzimidazole; Dithiocarbamate stabilizers such as nickel dibutyld
- the antioxidant can be used in an amount of, for example, 5 parts by mass or less, preferably 3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the olefin rubber.
- the olefin rubber can appropriately contain various additives that can be blended in a known rubber composition as required.
- a surfactant may be added to the olefin rubber.
- the surfactant di-n-butylamine, dicyclohexylamine, monoelaanolamine, triethanolamine, “Acting B (produced by Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.)”, “Acting SL (produced by Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the like, polyethylene Glycols, diethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, lecithins, triarylutelites, zinc compounds of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids (eg; “Struktol® activator® 73”, “Struktol® IB® 531”, “Struktol® FA541” “Schill & Seilacher ON, ET”) ZP "(manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), octadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, synthetic hydrotalcite, special quaternary ammonium compounds (eg" Lipocard " HTF
- the blending amount of the surfactant is, for example, 0.2 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.3 to 8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the olefin rubber. Parts, more preferably 0.3 to 7 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0.5 to 7 parts by mass, and most preferably 1 to 6 parts by mass.
- the surfactant can be appropriately selected depending on the application, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the olefin rubber may be blended with a pseudo gel inhibitor.
- the pseudo gel inhibitor include “NHM-007” (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals).
- the blend amount of the pseudo-gel inhibitor is usually 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 100 parts by mass of the olefin rubber. -12 parts by mass, more preferably 1.0-10 parts by mass.
- the olefin rubber may further contain other additives as required.
- Other additives include heat stabilizers, weather stabilizers, antistatic agents, colorants, lubricants and thickeners.
- olefin rubber other resin components other than the olefin rubber may be blended as necessary.
- resin components are not particularly limited, but include polyolefin resins.
- the product hardness can be adjusted and the compound viscosity at the processing temperature can be lowered, so that the workability can be further improved. Further, it is preferable because it can be handled as a thermoplastic elastomer and the range of handling properties and kneading methods is widened.
- polyolefin resin a polyolefin resin having a number average molecular weight of 10,000 or more in terms of standard polystyrene measured by GPC is usually suitably used.
- the polyolefin resin include ⁇ -olefin homopolymers and ⁇ -olefin copolymers.
- the ⁇ -olefin homopolymer include polyethylene and polypropylene, and examples of the ⁇ -olefin copolymer include ⁇ -olefin copolymers having 3 to 20 ethylene / carbon atoms.
- Ethylene / propylene rubber (EPR), propylene / ethylene rubber (PER), ethylene / butene rubber (EBR), ethylene / octene rubber (EOR), etc. as ethylene / carbon atoms ⁇ -olefin copolymers having 3 to 20 carbon atoms Can be mentioned.
- polyethylene ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer, and polypropylene are preferable as the polyolefin resin.
- polyolefin resin may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types.
- the content of the polyolefin resin is, for example, 1 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 80 parts by weight, and more preferably 10 to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the olefin rubber. About mass parts.
- the hardness of the laminate can be adjusted and the compound viscosity at the processing temperature can be lowered, so that the workability can be further improved. Further, it is preferable because it can be handled as a thermoplastic elastomer and the range of handling properties and kneading methods is widened.
- the layer (B) constituting the laminate of the present invention is an adhesive resin layer, that is, a layer made of the above-described adhesive resin.
- the layer (B) is only required to be prepared using at least an adhesive resin, and does not necessarily prevent other components from being included unless the adhesiveness is impaired, but is usually manufactured using only the adhesive resin. Layer.
- the layer (C) constituting the laminate of the present invention is a layer containing a rubber containing the group 16 element and / or the group 17 element described above.
- the layer (C) may be prepared using a rubber containing at least a group 16 element and / or a group 17 element, but usually a rubber containing a group 16 element and / or a group 17 element. It is a layer produced using not only the rubber containing but also other components as raw materials.
- the layer (C) is usually a layer produced by crosslinking using a rubber containing a Group 16 element and / or a Group 17 element. Examples of the components other than the rubber containing the Group 16 element and / or the Group 17 element include (X-1) organic peroxide and (X-2) carbon described in the description of the layer (A).
- Black (X-3) anti-aging agent, (X-4) softening agent, (X-5) metal oxide, (X-6) crosslinking aid, (X-7) other components.
- the types and amounts of (X-1) to (X-7) are basically the same as (X-1) to (X-7) described in the description of the layer (A). can do.
- crosslinking agent for forming the layer (C) in addition to the organic peroxide (X-1) described in the description of the layer (A), sulfur; 2,4,6-trimercapto-s -Sulfur compounds such as triazine; polyol-based crosslinking agents such as bisphenols; diamine compounds such as hexamethylenediamine carbamate.
- a diamine compound such as (6-aminohexyl) carbamic acid is used as a crosslinking agent.
- the diamine compound is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to the rubber containing the Group 16 element and / or the Group 17 element.
- a crosslinking aid such as 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine may be used in combination.
- a triazine thiol such as 2,4,6-trimercapto-s-triazine is used as a crosslinking agent.
- the triazine thiol is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to the rubber containing the Group 16 element and / or the Group 17 element.
- a thiuram vulcanization accelerator such as tetramethylthiuram disulfide may be used in combination as a crosslinking aid.
- the thiuram vulcanization accelerator is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber containing the Group 16 element and / or the Group 17 element.
- a polyol-based crosslinking agent is used. It can be used suitably as a crosslinking agent, and examples of polyol-based crosslinking agents include polyhydroxy aromatic compounds such as bisphenol A and bisphenol AF.
- metal hydroxide such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide
- carbonate such as magnesium carbonate, aluminum carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate
- magnesium silicate silicic acid Silicates such as calcium, sodium silicate and aluminum silicate
- sulfates such as aluminum sulfate, calcium sulfate and barium sulfate
- metal sulfides such as synthetic hydrotalcite, molybdenum disulfide, iron sulfide and copper sulfide
- wet silica, dry silica Silicon oxides such as quartz fine powder and glass fiber
- diatomaceous earth asbestos, lithopone (zinc sulfide / barium sulfide), graphite, carbon black, carbon fluoride, calcium fluoride, coke, talc, mica powder, wollastonite, Carbon fiber, aramid
- the halogen-containing polymer may optionally contain (X-7) other components such as an acid acceptor, an ultraviolet absorber, a flame retardant, an oil resistance improver, a scorch inhibitor, and a tackifier.
- the layer (C) may be formed using a commercially available composition containing a halogen-containing rubber and a crosslinking agent.
- Method for preparing the material constituting each layer There is no limitation in particular as a preparation method of the material which comprises each layer.
- the material constituting the layer (A) is only an olefin rubber
- the material constituting the layer (C) is only a rubber containing a group 16 element and / or a group 17 element
- Each of the aforementioned rubbers can be used as it is.
- the adhesive resin mentioned above can be used as it is.
- a layer (A) consists of a resin composition containing an olefin type rubber
- a layer (C) is a group 16 element and / or Or when it consists of a resin composition containing the rubber
- the resin composition includes rubber (olefin rubber (layer (A)), rubber containing group 16 element and / or group 17 element (layer (C)), (X-1) organic peroxide and others.
- it can be prepared by appropriately blending the components used for constituting each layer.
- the method for preparing the resin composition is not particularly limited.
- each component contained in the resin composition is mixed with a conventionally known kneader such as a mixer, a kneader, or a roll, or a twin-screw extruder.
- a conventionally known kneader such as a mixer, a kneader, or a roll, or a twin-screw extruder.
- kneader such as a mixer, a kneader, or a roll, or a twin-screw extruder.
- a method of mixing using such a continuous kneader and the like a method of preparing a solution in which each component contained in the resin composition is dissolved or dispersed, and removing the solvent.
- the laminate of the present invention has An olefin rubber layer (A), An adhesive resin layer (B); It includes a structure in which a layer (C) containing a rubber containing a Group 16 element and / or a Group 17 element is laminated in this order.
- each layer constituting the laminate is not particularly limited, but the layer (A) is usually 0.1 mm to 10.0 mm, preferably 0.5 mm to 5.0 mm. B) is usually from 0.01 mm to 2.0 mm, preferably from 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm, and the layer (C) is usually from 0.10 mm to 10.0 mm, preferably from 0.00 mm. 5 mm to 5.0 mm.
- the thickness of the entire laminate is not particularly limited, but is usually 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm, preferably 2.0 mm to 10.0 mm.
- the laminate in which the layer (A) and the layer (C) are bonded via the layer (B) has a layer configuration of layer (A) / layer (B) / layer (C). There is no particular limitation on the layer structure of the entire laminate.
- Laminate manufacturing method Although there is no limitation in particular as the manufacturing method of the laminated body of this invention, for example, the method of obtaining a laminated body with the following method (a) is mentioned. In addition, after obtaining a laminated body by the method (a), a crosslinking step may be performed, or a secondary vulcanization step is performed in an oven or the like after the primary vulcanization, and a layer having a layer containing a crosslinked rubber You may get a body.
- the material constituting the layer (A) is kneaded with a mixer such as a kneader, roll, Banbury mixer, or intermixer, and extruded with an extruder to form the layer (A), and the layer (C) is formed.
- the constituent material is kneaded with a mixer such as a kneader, roll, Banbury mixer, intermixer, etc., and extruded with an extruder to form a layer (C).
- Layer (A) and layer (C) A method of obtaining a laminate in which the layer (A) and the layer (C) are in contact with each other via the layer (B) by bonding with (B).
- the layer (A) and the layer (C) may be formed by press-molding the laminate in which the layer (A) and the layer (C) are in contact with each other via the layer (B). From the viewpoint of increasing the peel strength.
- Cross-linking process primary vulcanization
- ingredients necessary for cross-linking such as a cross-linking agent are blended in advance in the materials constituting the layers (A) and (C) and heated (for example, 150 to 240 ° C.).
- the cross-linking step include a step of performing cross-linking by irradiating the laminate with an electron beam (for example, an electron beam having an energy of 0.1 to 10 MeV).
- the electron beam irradiation is performed so that the absorbed dose of the laminate is usually 0.5 to 36 Mrad, preferably 0.5 to 20 Mrad, more preferably 1 to 10 Mrad.
- crosslinking step or primary vulcanization when crosslinking is performed by heating, it is preferable to perform heating while performing press molding from the viewpoint of increasing the peel strength between the layer (A) and the layer (C). .
- Secondary vulcanization is a step performed after the primary vulcanization, and is a step of sufficiently promoting vulcanization (crosslinking) by heating (for example, 150 to 200 ° C.).
- the laminated body of the present invention can satisfy various required characteristics depending on the layer structure, it can be used for various applications.
- the laminate of the present invention can be used for various purposes.
- the laminate of the present invention can be used, for example, as a member for automobiles, motorbikes, industrial machines, construction machines, or agricultural machines.
- Specific examples of the member include industrial rolls, packing (for example, condenser packing), gaskets, belts (for example, heat insulation belts, copying machine belts, conveyance belts), hoses such as automobile hoses (for example, turbocharger hoses, Water hose, brake reservoir hose, radiator hose, air hose), anti-vibration rubber, anti-vibration material or damping material (eg engine mount, motor mount), muffler hanger, cable (ignition cable, cabtire cable, high tension cable) ), Wire covering materials (high voltage wire covering materials, low voltage wire covering materials, marine wire covering materials), glass run channels, color skin materials, paper feed rolls, roofing sheets, and the like.
- packing for example, condenser packing
- gaskets for example, heat insulation belts, copying machine belt
- olefin rubbers such as ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymers have a layer (1) because they are excellent in moldability and cross-linking properties and can provide a cross-linked product excellent in heat stability.
- the laminate can be suitably used for applications where long-term use at high temperatures is expected.
- the olefin rubber is an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / VNB copolymer because it is particularly excellent in fatigue resistance and can withstand use under severe conditions for a long period of time.
- the laminated body of the present invention is suitably used for automotive interior / exterior parts and applications requiring heat resistance.
- the hose which has the laminated body of this invention as an at least one part is mentioned, for example. Although it does not limit the use as a hose, it is preferable to use for any use for the object for motor vehicles, motorbikes, industrial machinery, construction machinery, or agricultural machinery.
- the hose of this invention should just have the laminated body of this invention as at least one part, and the hose formed only from the laminated body of this invention may be sufficient as it.
- the iodine value of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer was determined by a titration method. Specifically, it measured by the following method.
- the intrinsic viscosity [ ⁇ ] (dl / g) of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer was measured by using a fully automatic intrinsic viscometer manufactured by Koiso Co., Ltd., temperature: 135 ° C., measurement solvent: decalin. Measured.
- Weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn)) are numerical values in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the measurement apparatus and conditions are as follows. The molecular weight was calculated based on a conversion method by preparing a calibration curve using commercially available monodisperse polystyrene.
- Apparatus Gel permeation chromatograph Alliance GP2000 (manufactured by Waters), Analysis device: Empower2 (manufactured by Waters), Column: TSKgel GMH6-HT ⁇ 2 + TSKgel GMH6-HTL ⁇ 2 (7.5 mm ID ⁇ 30 cm, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), Column temperature: 140 ° C.
- Mooney viscosity (ML (1 + 4) 100 ° C.)
- the Mooney viscosity at 100 ° C. (ML (1 + 4) 100 ° C.) was measured under the condition of 100 ° C. using a Mooney viscometer (SMV202 type, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) in accordance with JIS K6300.
- the torque change obtained under the condition of constant temperature and constant shear rate was measured.
- the time from the minimum torque value until the torque increased by 1 point (1 dNm) was taken as the vulcanization induction time (TS1; minutes).
- the torque change obtained under the condition of constant temperature and constant shear rate was measured.
- the time required to achieve 90% of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the torque was defined as the vulcanization speed (TC90; minutes).
- T-type peel test The peel strength of the laminate was measured by the following method. In accordance with JIS K6854-3, the laminates obtained in the examples and comparative examples were measured at a temperature of 23.0 ° C., a test speed: 200.0 mm / min, and a test piece width: 25.0 mm. A test was performed and the peel strength was measured.
- the surface swelling test of the laminate was performed by the following method.
- the crosslinked rubber sheet (laminate) having a thickness of 5 mm obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples was cut into a square shape of 8 cm ⁇ 8 cm to obtain a laminate for measurement.
- a circular bank was prepared with a silicone sealant on layer B of the laminate for measurement.
- the bank was fabricated on layer B so that the inner diameter of the bank was 5 cm and the height was about 2 cm.
- modulus, tensile breaking stress, tensile breaking elongation The modulus, tensile break stress, and tensile elongation at break of the sheet were measured by the following methods.
- a No. 3 dumbbell test piece described in JIS K 6251 (1993) was prepared by punching the sheet, and using this test piece, the measurement temperature was 25 ° C. according to the method defined in JIS K6251 item 3.
- Tensile tests were conducted at a tensile speed of 500 mm / min.
- the tensile stress at break (TB) and the tensile elongation at break (EB) when the elongation was 300% were measured.
- the sheet hardness (type A durometer, HA) was measured by stacking flat portions with a thickness of about 12 mm using six 2 mm sheet-like rubber molded products having a smooth surface. However, those in which foreign matter was mixed in the test piece, those having bubbles, and those having scratches were not used. Moreover, the dimension of the measurement surface of the test piece was set to such a size that measurement was possible at a position where the tip of the push needle was 12 mm or more away from the end of the test piece.
- Heat aging resistance test A heat aging resistance test was performed according to JIS K 6257. That is, after the sheet was aged by placing it in an oven at 180 ° C. for 168 hours, a tensile test was conducted under the conditions of a measurement temperature of 23 ° C. and a tensile speed of 500 mm / min, and the tensile breaking point stress (TB) and the tensile breaking point elongation ( EB) was measured. Further, the hardness was measured by the same method as in the above section (Hardness test (Shore-A hardness)).
- hexane feed amount: 32.6 L / h
- ethylene feed amount is 3.6 kg / h
- propylene amount is 6.1 kg / h
- VNB feed amount is 290 g / h
- the polymerization reactor was continuously fed so that the hydrogen feed amount was 6.3 NL / h.
- the polymerization vessel was continuously fed so as to be 0.0015 mmol / h.
- (C 6 H 5 ) 3 CB (C 6 F 5 ) 4 (CB-3) is fed as a cocatalyst at a feed rate of 0.0075 mmol / h
- triorganobutylaluminum (TIBA) is fed as an organoaluminum compound at a feed rate of 20 mmol / h. Then, each was continuously fed to the polymerization vessel.
- an ethylene / propylene / VNB copolymer (A-1) formed from ethylene, propylene and VNB was obtained at a rate of 4.7 kg / hour.
- the physical properties of the obtained copolymer (A-1) were measured by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the obtained copolymer (A-1) is also referred to as “VNB-EPT”.
- This ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer was pressed at 160 ° C. for 4 minutes using a 50-ton press molding machine and then pressed at room temperature for 2 minutes to prepare a 250 ⁇ m, 15 cm square film (hereinafter referred to as “EVA film”). did.
- This silane-modified ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer was pressed at 160 ° C. for 4 minutes using a 50-ton press molding machine, then pressed at room temperature for 2 minutes, and a film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and 15 cm square (hereinafter, “SMEVA film”).
- SMEVA film a film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and 15 cm square
- silane-modified ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is referred to as “SMEVA”.
- Vamac G ethylene / acrylic rubber-containing composition
- Nipol AR-12 manufactured by DuPont acrylic rubber mainly composed of alkyl acrylate, manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- Vamac G is also referred to as “AEM” and Nipol AR-12 Also referred to as “ACM”.
- Epichromer H Epichlorohydrin rubber made of epichlorohydrin homopolymer, manufactured by Osaka Soda Co., Ltd. Note that epichromer H is also referred to as “ECO”.
- Example 1A-1 (Preparation of composition containing VNB-EPT)
- 100 parts by mass of VNB-EPT was masticated for 30 seconds using a BB-2 type Banbury mixer (manufactured by Kobe Steel), and then 30 parts by mass of FEF carbon (Asahi 60G: Asahi) Carbon), 45 parts by mass of SRF carbon (Asahi 50G: manufactured by Asahi Carbon), 40 parts by mass of FT carbon (Asahi Thermal: manufactured by Asahi Carbon), 5 parts by mass of magnesium oxide (Kyowa Mag 150: Kyowa Chemical Industry) 1 part by weight of stearic acid (bead stearic acid Tsubaki: manufactured by NOF Corporation), 4 parts by weight of 4,4′-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine (NOCRACK CD, Ouchi Shinsei Chemical ( Co., Ltd.), 47 parts by mass of process oil (Diana Process PS430, manufactured
- the composition obtained in the first stage was mixed with an 8-inch roll (manufactured by Nippon Roll Co., Ltd., front roll surface temperature 50 ° C., rear roll surface temperature 50 ° C., front roll And a rear roll having a rotation speed of 18 rpm. 3 parts by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane (Perhexa 25B: manufactured by NOF Corporation) ) And kneaded for 10 minutes to obtain an uncrosslinked resin composition (rubber compound) (composition containing VNB-EPT).
- an 8-inch roll manufactured by Nippon Roll Co., Ltd., front roll surface temperature 50 ° C., rear roll surface temperature 50 ° C., front roll And a rear roll having a rotation speed of 18 rpm. 3 parts by mass of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) hexane (Perhexa 25B: manufactured by NOF Corporation)
- composition containing AEM 100 parts by mass of AEM was masticated for 30 seconds using a BB-2 type Banbury mixer (manufactured by Kobe Steel), and then 60 parts by mass of HAF carbon (Asahi 70G: Asahi Carbon Co., Ltd.) 1 part by weight stearic acid (bead stearic acid Tsubaki: manufactured by NOF Corporation), 2 parts by weight 4,4′-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) diphenylamine (NOCRACK CD, Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) )), And kneaded at 140 ° C. for 2 minutes. Thereafter, the ram was raised and cleaned, and further kneaded for 1 minute and discharged at about 150 ° C. to obtain a first-stage formulation.
- the composition obtained in the first stage was mixed with an 8-inch roll (manufactured by Nippon Roll Co., Ltd., front roll surface temperature 50 ° C., rear roll surface temperature 50 ° C., front roll 1 part by weight of polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphate (Fusphanol PL-210: manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 0.5 part by weight (6-Aminohexyl) carbamic acid (Diak No. 1: manufactured by DuPont), 2 parts by mass of 1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine was added and kneaded for 10 minutes to obtain an uncrosslinked resin composition (rubber compound) ) (Composition containing AEM).
- 8-inch roll manufactured by Nippon Roll Co., Ltd., front roll surface temperature 50 ° C., rear roll surface temperature 50 ° C., front roll 1 part by weight of polyoxyethylene stearyl ether phosphate (Fusphanol PL-210: manufactured by Toho Chemical
- an unvulcanized rubber sheet (A layer) obtained from the composition containing VNB-EPT after the pressing, the EVA film (B layer), and after the pressing Each unvulcanized rubber sheet (C layer) obtained from the composition containing AEM was cut into the following press dimensions (length 15 cm ⁇ width 15 cm ⁇ thickness 1 mm). After cutting, the upper and lower lumirrors were peeled off. Next, the A-layer unvulcanized rubber sheet, the B-layer EVA film, and the C-layer unvulcanized rubber sheet were superposed in this order.
- An unvulcanized rubber sheet which is a part of which is sandwiched with a Teflon (registered trademark) resin sheet, is placed at 180 ° C. using a 100-ton press molding machine with an EVA film sandwiched therebetween. Pressed for a minute (main press) to prepare a crosslinked rubber sheet (laminate) having a thickness of 2 mm.
- Teflon registered trademark
- the obtained crosslinked rubber sheet (laminate) was further subjected to secondary vulcanization by heating in an oven at 180 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the Teflon (registered trademark) resin sheet was removed from the crosslinked rubber sheet (laminate), and a T-type peel test was performed on the crosslinked rubber sheet (laminate).
- Example 1A-2 The same procedure as in Example 1A-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 1A The same procedure as in Example 1A-1 was conducted, except that no EVA film was used.
- Example 1B-1 The same procedure as in Example 1A-1 was performed except that ACM was used instead of AEM.
- Example 1B-2 The same procedure as in Example 1B-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 1B The same operation as in Example 1B-1 was performed except that the EVA film was not used.
- Example 1C-1 (Preparation of composition containing VNB-EPT) The composition containing VNB-EPT was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1A-1.
- composition containing ECO 100 parts by mass of ECO was masticated for 30 seconds using a BB-2 type Banbury mixer (manufactured by Kobe Steel), and then 40 parts by mass of MAF carbon black (see 116: Tokai Carbon).
- the composition obtained in the first stage was mixed with an 8-inch roll (manufactured by Nippon Roll Co., Ltd., front roll surface temperature 50 ° C., rear roll surface temperature 50 ° C., front roll Of 1,4,6-trimercapto-S-triazine (Noxeller TCA: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.), 0 .5 parts by mass of tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Noxeller TT: manufactured by Ouchi Shinsei Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added and kneaded for 10 minutes to obtain an uncrosslinked resin composition (rubber compound) (composition containing ECO). It was.
- Example 1C-2 The same procedure as in Example 1C-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 1C The same procedure as in Example 1C-1 was carried out except that no EVA film was used.
- Example 1D-1 (Preparation of composition containing VNB-EPT) The composition containing VNB-EPT was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1A-1.
- composition containing fluororubber As a composition containing fluororubber, Daiel DC-2270F (manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd .: polyol-crosslinked fluororubber compound) was used. Daiel DC-2270F is a composition containing a polyol-based crosslinking agent (bisphenol AF), a crosslinking accelerator (quaternary onium salt), a filler, and an acid acceptor in addition to the fluororubber. Daiel DC-2270F is also referred to as “polyol FKM”.
- Example 1D-2 The same operation as in Example 1D-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 1D The same procedure as in Example 1D-1 was performed except that the EVA film was not used.
- Example 2A-1 (Preparation of composition containing ENB-EPT)
- 100 parts by mass of ENB-EPT was masticated for 30 seconds using a BB-2 type Banbury mixer (manufactured by Kobe Steel), and then 80 parts by mass of FEF carbon (Asahi 60G: Asahi) 5 parts by weight of magnesium oxide (Kyowa Mag 150: manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 1 part by weight of stearic acid (bead stearic acid Tsubaki: manufactured by NOF Corporation), 50 parts by weight of process oil (Diana Process PS430) : Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.) was added and kneaded at 140 ° C. for 2 minutes. Thereafter, the ram was raised and cleaned, and further kneaded for 1 minute and discharged at about 150 ° C. to obtain a first-stage formulation.
- the composition obtained in the first stage was mixed with an 8-inch roll (manufactured by Nippon Roll Co., Ltd., front roll surface temperature 50 ° C., rear roll surface temperature 50 ° C., front roll
- the master batch (DCP-40c, Kayaku) containing 40% by mass of dicumyl peroxide as an organic peroxide component of 10.2 parts by mass (Akzo Co., Ltd.) (4.1 parts by mass in terms of organic peroxide) was added and kneaded for 10 minutes to obtain an uncrosslinked resin composition (rubber compound) (composition containing ENB-EPT).
- composition containing AEM preparation and evaluation of laminate
- the preparation of the composition containing AEM and the preparation and evaluation of the laminate were the same as in Example 1A-1 except that the composition containing ENB-EPT was used instead of the composition containing VNB-EPT. Went to.
- Example 2A-2 The same operation as in Example 2A-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 2A The same operation as in Example 2A-1 was performed except that the EVA film was not used.
- Example 2A-1 was performed except that ACM was used instead of AEM.
- Example 2B-2 The same operation as in Example 2B-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 2B The same operation as in Example 2B-1 was performed except that the EVA film was not used.
- Example 2C-1 (Preparation of composition containing ENB-EPT) The composition containing ENB-EPT was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2A-1.
- composition containing ECO (Preparation of composition containing ECO) The composition containing ECO was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1C-1.
- Example 2C-2 The same operation as in Example 2C-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 2C The same operation as in Example 2C-1 was performed except that the EVA film was not used.
- Example 2D-1 (Preparation of composition containing ENB-EPT) The composition containing ENB-EPT was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2A-1.
- composition containing fluororubber (Preparation of composition containing fluororubber) The composition containing fluororubber was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1D-1.
- Example 2D-2 The same operation as in Example 2D-1 was performed except that the SMEVA film was used instead of the EVA film.
- Example 2D The same procedure as in Example 2D-1 was performed, except that the EVA film was not used.
- the evaluation results of each example and comparative example are shown in Tables 3-1 to 3-4.
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Abstract
Description
自動車のエンジン回りのゴムホースでは、耐熱老化性、耐疲労性、耐油性などが高いレベルで要求されている。そのようなホースの素材として、従来、フッ素ゴム、アクリルニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、アクリルゴム、アクリル酸エステル・エチレン共重合体、シリコーンゴムなどが良く用いられている。ただ、近年、自動車において性能向上および燃費向上を目的として、エンジンルーム内の温度が高温化してきており、そのような状況の下、自動車のエンジン回りのゴムホースには、耐熱性、耐油性等をさらに向上させることが求められている。ここで、耐熱性、耐油性等のさらなる向上という点では、フッ素ゴムが好ましいのであるが、フッ素ゴムは高価であり、コストの面からその使用量に一定の限界がある。そこで、従来、フッ素ゴムからなる層と非フッ素ゴムからなる層とを有する積層体についての研究開発が種々行われてきた。
ターボチャージャー付きエンジンは、コンプレッサーホイールによって圧縮された空気をチャージエアクーラーで冷却してエンジンに送り込む構造となっており、コンプレッサーホイールとチャージエアクーラー間はゴムホースで繋がれている。このターボチャージャーホースには、高圧・高温(180℃程度)の空気が通るため高い耐熱老化性が求められる。また、空気の通過により発生する絶え間ない圧力振動に耐えるため耐疲労性も求められる。現在このような用途においては、耐熱老化性の高いアクリルゴムやシリコーンエラストマーなどが採用されている。
[1]
オレフィン系ゴム層(A)と、
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、シラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン・アクリル酸共重合体およびそのアイオノマー、並びに、エチレン・メタクリル酸共重合体およびそのアイオノマーからなる群より選ばれる1以上を含む接着樹脂層(B)と、
第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムを含む層(C)と
がこの順で積層してなる構造を含む積層体。
前記接着樹脂層(B)が、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体およびシラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体からなる群より選ばれる1以上を含む前記[1]に記載の積層体。
[3]
前記層(C)が、酸素原子を含有するゴムを含む前記[1]または[2]に記載の積層体。
前記層(C)が、アクリル系ゴムを含む前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の積層体。
前記層(C)が、ハロゲン含有ゴムを含む前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の積層体。
前記ハロゲン含有ゴムが、エピクロロヒドリンゴムおよびフッ素ゴムからなる群より選ばれる1以上である前記[5]に記載の積層体。
前記オレフィン系ゴム層(A)が、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体を含む前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の積層体。
前記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体が5-ビニル-2-ノルボルネン(VNB)由来の構成単位を有する、前記[7]に記載の積層体。
前記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の積層体を、少なくとも一部として有するホース。
自動車用、モーターバイク用、工業機械用、建設機械用または農業機械用のいずれかの用途に用いられる、前記[9]に記載のホース。
[11]
前記層(A)と前記層(C)とを、前記層(B)によって接着する工程を含む、前記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の積層体の製造方法。
本発明の積層体は、
オレフィン系ゴム層(A)(以下、「層(A)」と呼ばれる場合がある。)と、
接着樹脂層(B)(以下、「層(B)」と呼ばれる場合がある。)と、
第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴム層(C)(以下、「層(C)」と呼ばれる場合がある。)と
がこの順で積層してなる構造を含む。
<各層の構成成分>
オレフィン系ゴム
本発明で使用するオレフィン系ゴムは、オレフィンに由来する構成単位を主たる構成単位として含むゴムである。オレフィン系ゴムの例として、ポリイソブチレン、ブチルゴム、エチレン・α-オレフィン系共重合体ゴムが挙げられ、そのうちの好適な例として、エチレン・α-オレフィン系共重合体ゴムが挙げられる。
非共役ポリエンの具体例としては、
1,4-ヘキサジエン、3-メチル-1,4-ヘキサジエン、4-メチル-1,4-ヘキサジエン、5-メチル-1,4-ヘキサジエン、4,5-ジメチル-1,4-ヘキサジエン、7-メチル-1,6-オクタジエン、8-メチル-4-エチリデン-1,7-ノナジエン、4-エチリデン-1,7-ウンデカジエン等の鎖状非共役ジエン;
ノルボルナジエン、5-メチレン-2-ノルボルネン、5-ビニル-2-ノルボルネン(VNB)、5-イソプロペニル-2-ノルボルネン、5-(2-プロペニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-イソブテニル-2-ノルボルネン、5-(3-ブテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(1-メチル-2-プロペニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(4-ペンテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(1-メチル-3-ブテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(5-ヘキセニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(1-メチル-4-ペンテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(2,3-ジメチル-3-ブテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(2-エチル-3-ブテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(6-ヘプテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(3-メチル-5-ヘキセニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(3,4-ジメチル-4-ペンテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(3-エチル-4-ペンテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(7-オクテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(2-メチル-6-ヘプテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(1,2-ジメチル-5-ヘキセニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(5-エチル-5-ヘキセニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-(1,2,3-トリメチル-4-ペンテニル)-2-ノルボルネン、5-ビニリデン-2-ノルボルネン、5-エチリデン-2-ノルボルネン(ENB)、5-イソプロピリデン-2-ノルボルネン等の不飽和ノルボルネン誘導体、メチルテトラヒドロインデン、および、ジシクロペンタジエン、などの環状非共役ジエン;
2,3-ジイソプロピリデン-5-ノルボルネン、2-エチリデン-3-イソプロピリデン-5-ノルボルネン、2-プロペニル-2,2-ノルボルナジエン、4-エチリデン-8-メチル-1,7-ナノジエン等のトリエンなどが挙げられる。
これらの非共役ポリエンのうち、VNBおよびENBが好ましい。
要件(II): 非共役ポリエンに由来する構成単位が、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体100質量%中、0.07~10質量%である。
要件(III): 135℃のデカリン中で測定した極限粘度[η]が1.0~4.0dl/gである。
要件(I)は、エチレンに由来する構成単位と、α-オレフィンに由来する構成単位とのモル比(エチレン/α-オレフィン)が40/60~99.9/0.1であることを特定するものである。
要件(II)は、非共役ポリエンに由来する構成単位が、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体100質量%中、0.07~10質量%であるであることを特定するものである。
なお、非共役ポリエンに由来する構成単位の量は、13C-NMRにより求めることができる。
要件(III)は、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の、135℃のデカリン中で測定した極限粘度[η]が1.0~4.0dl/gであることを特定するものである。
極限粘度は、実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
また、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体は、上記要件(I)~(III)に加えて、下記要件(IV)を満たすことが好ましい。
要件(IV)は、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の、下記式(i)で表されるB値が、1.20以上であることを特定するものである。
B値=([EX]+2[Y])/〔2×[E]×([X]+[Y])〕・・(i)
[ここで[E]、[X]および[Y]は、それぞれ、エチレン、α-オレフィン、および非共役ポリエンのモル分率を示し、[EX]はエチレン-α-オレフィンダイアッド連鎖分率を示す。]
B値が前記範囲内では、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体は、低温での圧縮永久歪が小さくなり、低温でのゴム弾性と常温での引張強度とのバランスに優れるため好ましい。
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体は、非共役ポリエンとして、下記一般式(I)および(II)からなる群より選ばれる部分構造を合計で分子中に2つ以上含む非共役ポリエン(以下、「特定非共役ポリエン」)を含む場合、上記要件(I)~(III)に加えて、下記要件(V-i)~(V-iii)を満たすことが好ましい。
4.5≦Mw×特定非共役ポリエンの質量分率/100/特定非共役ポリエンの分子量≦40 …(1)
P/([η]2.9)≦特定非共役ポリエンの質量分率×6 …(2)
LCB1000C≦1-0.07×Ln(Mw) …(3)
要件(V-i)は、上記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体において、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の重量平均分子量(Mw)と、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体中における特定非共役ポリエンに由来する構成単位の質量分率(特定非共役ポリエンの質量分率:質量%)と、特定非共役ポリエンの分子量(特定非共役ポリエンの分子量)とが、上記式(1)を満たすことを特定するものである。要件(V-i)の上記式(1)は、下記式(1')であることが好ましい。
4.5≦Mw×特定非共役ポリエンの質量分率/100/特定非共役ポリエンの分子量≦35 …(1')
要件(V-ii)は、上記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の、レオメーターを用いた線形粘弾性測定(190℃)により得られる、周波数ω=0.1rad/sでの複素粘度η* (ω=0.1)(Pa・sec)と、周波数ω=100rad/sでの複素粘度η* (ω=100)(Pa・sec)との比P(η* (ω=0.1)/η* (ω=100))と、極限粘度[η]と、上記特定非共役ポリエンに由来する構成単位の質量分率(特定非共役ポリエンの質量分率:質量%)とが、上記式(2)を満たすことを特定するものである。要件(V-ii)の上記式(2)は、下記式(2')であることが好ましい。
P/([η]2.9)≦特定非共役ポリエンの質量分率×5.7 …(2')
要件(V-iii)は、上記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の、3D-GPCを用いて得られた1000炭素原子あたりの長鎖分岐数(LCB1000C)と、重量平均分子量(Mw)の自然対数[Ln(Mw)]とが、上記式(3)を満たすことを特定するものである。要件(v)の上記式(3)は、下記式(3')であることが好ましい。
LCB1000C≦1-0.071×Ln(Mw) …(3')
上記式(3)又は(3')により、上記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の単位炭素数当たりの長鎖分岐含量の上限値が特定される。
検出器:示差屈折率計/GPC装置内蔵
2角度光散乱光度計PD2040型(Precison Detectors社製)
ブリッジ型粘度計PL-BV400型(Polymer Laboratories社製)
カラム:TSKgel GMHHR-H(S)HT×2本+TSKgel GMHHR-M(S)×1本
(いずれも1本当たり内径7.8mmφ×長さ300mm)
温度:140℃
移動相:1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼン(0.025%BHT含有)
注入量:0.5mL
試料濃度:ca 1.5mg/mL
試料濾過:孔径1.0μm焼結フィルターにて濾過
また、g'として各平均値を下記式(v-2)、(v-3)、(v-4)から算出した。なお、短鎖分岐のみを有すると仮定したTrendlineは試料ごとに決定した。
LCB1000C=λ×14000 …(V-7)
式(V-7)中、「14000」はメチレン(CH2)単位で1000個分の分子量を表す。
本発明においては、上記特定非共役ポリエンがVNBを含むことが好ましく、上記特定非共役ポリエンがVNBであることがより好ましい。
上記オレフィン系ゴムの製造方法は、特に限定はなく、従来公知の方法とすることができる。
ここで、上述した通り、本発明の好適な態様において、上記オレフィン系ゴムは、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体であるので、これを例にとって説明する。
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体は、好ましくは、下記一般式[A1]で表される化合物から選ばれる少なくとも1種のメタロセン化合物の存在下に、モノマーを共重合して得られたものであることが望ましい。モノマーの共重合を、このようなメタロセン化合物を含む触媒系を用いて行うと、得られる共重合体中が含有する長鎖分岐が抑制され、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体を容易に調製することができる。
R13およびR14はそれぞれ独立にアリール基を示す。
M1はジルコニウム原子を示す。
Y1は炭素原子またはケイ素原子を示す。
炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~10の炭化水素基が好ましく、具体的には、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、2-メチルプロピル基、1,1-ジメチルプロピル基、2,2-ジメチルプロピル基、1、1-ジエチルプロピル基、1-エチル-1-メチルプロピル基、1,1,2,2-テトラメチルプロピル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、1,1-ジメチルブチル基、1,1,3-トリメチルブチル基、ネオペンチル基、シクロヘキシルメチル基、シクロヘキシル基、1-メチル-1-シクロヘキシル基、ベンジル基等が挙げられ、好ましくはメチル基、エチル基、ベンジル基である。
Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、RgおよびRhは、それぞれ独立に水素原子または炭素数1~5のアルキル基であり、隣接した置換基と互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。前記アルキル基としては、具体的にはメチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、アミル基、n-ペンチル基を例示できる。また、式[V-I]中、RxおよびRyはそれぞれ独立に炭素数1~3の不飽和結合を有してもよい炭化水素基であり、RxがRaまたはRcが結合した炭素と共同して二重結合を形成していてもよく、RyがReまたはRgが結合した炭素と共同して二重結合を形成していてもよく、RxおよびRyがともに炭素数1または2の飽和あるいは不飽和の炭化水素基であることが好ましい。
Y1がケイ素原子で、R6とR11とが共にt-ブチル基であり、R5、R7、R8、R9、R10、R12がt-ブチル基でない場合は、R13とR14はベンジル基、ケイ素置換フェニル基以外の基から選ばれ;
Y1が炭素原子で、R5からR12が全て水素原子である場合は、R13、R14はメチル基、イソプロピル基、t-ブチル基、イソブチル基、フェニル基、p-t-ブチルフェニル基、p-n-ブチルフェニル基、ケイ素置換フェニル基、4-ビフェニル基、p-トリル基、ナフチル基、ベンジル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、キシリル基以外の基から選ばれ;
Y1が炭素原子で、R6およびR11がt―ブチル基、メチル基あるいはフェニル基から選ばれる共通の基であり、R5、R7、R8、R9、R10およびR12と異なる基または原子である場合は、R13、R14はメチル基、フェニル基、p-t-ブチルフェニル基、p-n-ブチルフェニル基、ケイ素置換フェニル基、ベンジル基以外の基から選ばれ;
Y1が炭素原子で、R6がジメチルアミノ基、メトキシ基またはメチル基であり、R5、R7、R8、R9、R10、R11およびR12が、R6と異なる基または原子である場合は、R13、R14はメチル基、フェニル基以外の基から選ばれ;
Y1が炭素原子で、フルオレニル基及びR5~R12で構成される部位が、b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニルあるいはa,i-ジベンゾフルオレニルである場合は、R13、R14はメチル基、フェニル基以外の基から選ばれることが好ましい。
本発明における上記一般式[A1]で表されるメタロセン化合物の具体例としては、 Yがケイ素原子の場合では、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルシリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(フルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(フルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)シリレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド等が挙げられる。
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジフェニルメチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(フルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-t-ブチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(4-ビフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(フルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(p-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(フルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-クロロフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(フルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(m-トリフルオロメチルフェニル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジメチル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(2,7-ジフェニル-3,6-ジ-t-ブチルフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルオクタヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(テトラメチルドデカヒドロジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(オクタメチルテトラヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(ヘキサメチルジヒドロジシクロペンタフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド、
ジ(2-ナフチル)メチレン(シクロペンタジエニル)(b,h-ジベンゾフルオレニル)ジルコニウムジクロリド等が挙げられる。
本発明のエチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の製造に好適に用いることのできる重合触媒としては、前述の式[A1]で表されるメタロセン化合物を含み、モノマーを共重合できるものが挙げられる。
(a)前記一般式[A1]で表されるメタロセン化合物と、
(b)(b-1)有機金属化合物、(b-2)有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物、および(b-3)前記メタロセン化合物(a)と反応してイオン対を形成する化合物、から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物と、
さらに必要に応じて、
(c)粒子状担体とから構成される触媒が挙げられる。
((b-1)有機金属化合物)
本発明で用いられる(b-1)有機金属化合物として、具体的には下記一般式[VII]~[IX]のような周期律表第1、2族および第12、13族の有機金属化合物が用いられる。
(式[VII]中、RaおよびRbは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数が1~15、好ましくは1~4の炭化水素基を示し、Xはハロゲン原子を示し、mは0<m≦3、nは0≦n<3、pは0≦p<3、qは0≦q<3の数であり、かつm+n+p+q=3である。)で表される有機アルミニウム化合物。
(式[VIII]中、M2はLi、NaまたはKを示し、Raは炭素原子数が1~15、好ましくは1~4の炭化水素基である。)で表される周期律表第1族金属とアルミニウムとの錯アルキル化物。
このような化合物として、LiAl(C2H5)4、LiAl(C7H15)4などを例示することができる。
(式[IX]中、RaおよびRbは、互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、炭素原子数が1~15、好ましくは1~4の炭化水素基を示し、M3はMg、ZnまたはCdである。)で表される周期律表第2族または第12族金属を有するジアルキル化合物。
本発明で用いられる(b-2)有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物は、従来公知のアルミノキサンであってもよく、また特開平2-78687号公報に例示されているようなベンゼン不溶性の有機アルミニウムオキシ化合物であってもよい。
(1)吸着水を含有する化合物または結晶水を含有する塩類、例えば塩化マグネシウム水和物、硫酸銅水和物、硫酸アルミニウム水和物、硫酸ニッケル水和物、塩化第1セリウム水和物などの炭化水素媒体懸濁液に、トリアルキルアルミニウムなどの有機アルミニウム化合物を添加して、吸着水または結晶水と有機アルミニウム化合物とを反応させる方法。
(2)ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフランなどの媒体中で、トリアルキルアルミニウムなどの有機アルミニウム化合物に直接水、氷または水蒸気を作用させる方法。
(3)デカン、ベンゼン、トルエンなどの媒体中でトリアルキルアルミニウムなどの有機アルミニウム化合物に、ジメチルスズオキシド、ジブチルスズオキシドなどの有機スズ酸化物を反応させる方法。
上記のような有機アルミニウム化合物は、1種単独でまたは2種以上組み合せて用いられる。
R1-B(OH)2 …[XI]
(式[XI]中、R1は前記一般式[X]におけるR1と同じ基を示す。)
本発明に使用される架橋メタロセン化合物(A)と反応してイオン対を形成する化合物(b-3)(以下、「イオン化イオン性化合物」という。)としては、特開平1-501950号公報、特開平1-502036号公報、特開平3-179005号公報、特開平3-179006号公報、特開平3-207703号公報、特開平3-207704号公報、USP-5321106号などに記載されたルイス酸、イオン性化合物、ボラン化合物およびカルボラン化合物などを挙げることができる。さらに、ヘテロポリ化合物およびイソポリ化合物も挙げることができる。このようなイオン化イオン性化合物(b-3)は、1種単独でまたは2種以上組み合せて用いられる。
イオン性化合物としては、たとえば下記一般式[XII]で表される化合物が挙げられる。
N,N-ジメチルアニリニウムカチオン、N,N-ジエチルアニリニウムカチオン、N,N,2,4,6-ペンタメチルアニリニウムカチオンなどのN,N-ジアルキルアニリニウムカチオン;
ジ(イソプロピル)アンモニウムカチオン、ジシクロヘキシルアンモニウムカチオンなどのジアルキルアンモニウムカチオンなどが挙げられる。
トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ノナハイドライド-1,3-ジカルバノナボレート)コバルト酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)鉄酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)コバルト酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)ニッケル酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)銅酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)金酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ノナハイドライド-7,8-ジメチル-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)鉄酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(ノナハイドライド-7,8-ジメチル-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)クロム酸塩(III)、トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウムビス(トリブロモオクタハイドライド-7,8-ジカルバウンデカボレート)コバルト酸塩(III)、トリス〔トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウム〕ビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7-カルバウンデカボレート)クロム酸塩(III)、ビス〔トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウム〕ビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7-カルバウンデカボレート)マンガン酸塩(IV)、ビス〔トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウム〕ビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7-カルバウンデカボレート)コバルト酸塩(III)、ビス〔トリ(n-ブチル)アンモニウム〕ビス(ウンデカハイドライド-7-カルバウンデカボレート)ニッケル酸塩(IV)などの金属カルボランアニオンの塩などが挙げられる。
本発明で、必要に応じて用いられる(c)担体(微粒子状担体)は、無機化合物または有機化合物であって、顆粒状ないしは微粒子状の固体である。
多孔質酸化物として、具体的にはSiO2、Al2O3、MgO、ZrO、TiO2、B2O3、CaO、ZnO、BaO、ThO2など、またはこれらを含む複合物または混合物を使用、例えば天然または合成ゼオライト、SiO2-MgO、SiO2-Al2O3、SiO2-TiO2、SiO2-V2O5、SiO2-Cr2O3、SiO2-TiO2-MgOなどを使用することができる。これらのうち、SiO2および/またはAl2O3を主成分とするものが好ましい。このような多孔質酸化物は、種類および製法によりその性状は異なるが、本発明に好ましく用いられる担体は、粒径が10~300μm、好ましくは20~200μmであって、比表面積が50~1000m2/g、好ましくは100~700m2/gの範囲にあり、細孔容積が0.3~3.0cm3/gの範囲にあることが望ましい。このような担体は、必要に応じて100~1000℃、好ましくは150~700℃で焼成して使用される。
本発明で用いられる粘土、粘土鉱物には、化学処理を施すことも好ましい。化学処理としては、表面に付着している不純物を除去する表面処理、粘土の結晶構造に影響を与える処理など、何れも使用できる。化学処理として具体的には、酸処理、アルカリ処理、塩類処理、有機物処理などが挙げられる。酸処理は、表面の不純物を取り除くほか、結晶構造中のAl、Fe、Mgなどの陽イオンを溶出させることによって表面積を増大させる。アルカリ処理では粘土の結晶構造が破壊され、粘土の構造の変化をもたらす。また、塩類処理、有機物処理では、イオン複合体、分子複合体、有機誘導体などを形成し、表面積や層間距離を変えることができる。
有機化合物としては、粒径が10~300μmの範囲にある顆粒状ないしは微粒子状固体を挙げることができる。具体的には、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、4-メチル-1-ペンテンなどの炭素原子数が2~14のα-オレフィンを主成分として生成される(共)重合体またはビニルシクロヘキサン、スチレンを主成分として生成される(共)重合体、およびそれらの変成体を例示することができる。
本発明において、(d)有機化合物成分は、必要に応じて重合性能および生成ポリマーの物性を向上させる目的で使用される。このような有機化合物としては、アルコール類、フェノール性化合物、カルボン酸、リン化合物およびスルホン酸塩等が挙げられるが、この限りではない。
本発明に係るエチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体は、エチレンと、α-オレフィンと、非共役ポリエンとからなるモノマーを共重合して製造することができる。
(1)メタロセン化合物(a)を単独で重合器に添加する方法。
(2)メタロセン化合物(a)および化合物(b)を任意の順序で重合器に添加する方法。
(3)メタロセン化合物(a)を担体(c)に担持した触媒成分、化合物(b)を任意の順序で重合器に添加する方法。
(4)化合物(b)を担体(c)に担持した触媒成分、メタロセン化合物(a)を任意の順序で重合器に添加する方法。
(5)メタロセン化合物(a)と化合物(b)とを担体(c)に担持した触媒成分を重合器に添加する方法。
化合物(b)が担持されている上記(4)、(5)の各方法においては、必要に応じて担持されていない化合物(b)を、任意の順序で添加してもよい。この場合化合物(b)は、担体(c)に担持されている化合物(b)と同一でも異なっていてもよい。
本発明で使用する第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムは、第16族元素および第17族元素のうちのいずれか1つ以上を有する構成単位を含むゴムである。
本発明において、アクリル系ゴムとは、(メタ)アクリル系モノマー由来の構成単位を有する重合体から形成されるゴムまたは複合ゴムである。アクリル系ゴムは、(メタ)アクリル系モノマー由来の構成単位を、通常は50~100質量%含有する重合体であり、0~50質量%の範囲で、他のモノマー由来の構成単位を有する。
アクリル系ゴムを製造する際には、架橋剤を用いてもよい。架橋剤としては、分子中に二個以上の不飽和結合を有するモノマーが通常は用いられる。分子中に二個以上の不飽和結合を有するモノマーを使用する場合には、使用するモノマーの質量を100質量%とすると、0.01~2質量%の範囲で用いることが好ましく、0.05~1.5質量%の範囲で用いることがより好ましい。
本発明において、ハロゲン含有ゴムとは、ハロゲン含有モノマー由来の構成単位を有する重合体から形成されるゴムである。
フッ素ゴムとしては、たとえばビニリデンフルオライド(VdF)/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)共重合体、VdF/テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)/HFP共重合体、VdF/TFE/パーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)(PAVE)共重合体、VdF/クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)共重合体などのVdF/パーハロオレフィン系エラストマー;TFE/プロピレン/VdF共重合体、HFP/エチレン/VdF共重合体などVdF/非パーハロオレフィン系エラストマー;TFE/PAVE共重合体などのパーフルオロエラストマー;TFE/プロピレン共重合体、HFP/エチレン共重合体などの非パーフルオロエラストマー;フルオロシリコーンゴムなどがあげられる。
本発明で使用する接着樹脂は、上記オレフィン系ゴムと上記第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムとを接着可能な樹脂である限り特に限定されない。そのような接着樹脂の例として、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(EVA)、シラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(以下、「シラン変性EVA」と呼ばれる場合がある。)、エチレン・アクリル酸共重合体およびそのアイオノマー、並びに、エチレン・メタクリル酸共重合体(EMMA)およびそのアイオノマーが挙げられ、その中で、EVA、シラン変性EVA、並びに、EMMAおよびそのアイオノマーが好ましい。ここで、本発明の好適な態様では、接着樹脂は、EVAおよびシラン変性EVAである。これらの重合体を用いると好ましい理由について、本発明者は、接着樹脂としてこれらの重合体、特に、EVAおよびシラン変性EVA、を用いる場合、上記第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムの極性が高いことから、これらの重合体と当該上記第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムとの、反応その他の相互作用、並びに、これらの重合体と上記オレフィン系ゴムとの融着によって、接着力が発現すると推定している。
本発明の積層体を構成する層(A)は、オレフィン系ゴム層、すなわち、オレフィン系ゴムからなる層である。
(X-1)有機過酸化物としては、オレフィン系ゴムの架橋剤として作用し得る有機過酸化物をいずれも好適に用いることができる。
(X-1)有機過酸化物は、オレフィン系ゴム100質量部に対して、0.1~5質量部、好ましくは0.5~5質量部、さらに好ましくは0.5~4質量部の範囲で用いられるのが望ましい。(X-1)有機過酸化物の配合量が上記範囲内であると、架橋成形体の表面へのブルームが少なく、ゴム成形体が優れた架橋特性を示すため好ましい。
(X-2)カーボンブラックとしては、SRF、GPF、FEF、MAF、HAF、ISAF、SAF、FT、MT等の各種カーボンブラック;これらのカーボンブラックをシランカップリング剤などで表面処理した表面処理カーボンブラックなどが挙げられる。
(X-3)老化防止剤を含有すると、成形体の製品寿命を長くすることが可能である。(X-3)老化防止剤としては、従来公知の老化防止剤、例えばアミン系老化防止剤、フェノール系老化防止剤、イオウ系老化防止剤等を用いることができる。
(X-3)老化防止剤の配合量は、オレフィン系ゴム100質量部に対して、0.5~5.0質量部、好ましくは0.5~4.5質量部、より好ましくは0.5~4.0質量部である。上記範囲内であると、積層体が、耐熱老化性に優れるため好ましい。
(X-4)軟化剤としては、従来ゴムに配合されている軟化剤、加工助剤等として知られている成分を広く用いることができる。
パラフィン系プロセスオイル、ナフテン系プロセスオイル、アロマ系プロセスオイル等の石油系軟化剤;
合成油系軟化剤;
エチレンとα-オレフィンのコオリゴマー;
パラフィン・ワックス;
流動パラフィン;
ホワイト・オイル(白油);
ペトロラタム;
コールタール、コールタールピッチ等のコールタール系軟化剤;
ヒマシ油、錦実油、アマニ油、ナタネ油、ヤシ油、パーム油、大豆油、落花生油、木ろう、ロジン、パインオイル、ジペンテン、パインタール、トール油等の植物油系軟化剤;
黒サブ、白サブ、飴サブ等のサブ(ファクチス);
蜜ロウ、カルナウバロウ、ラノリン等のロウ類;
リシノール酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、リノール酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、ステアリン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ラウリン酸亜鉛等の脂肪酸、脂肪酸塩およびエステル類;
ジオクチルフタレート、ジオクチルアジペート、ジオクチルセバケート等のエステル系可塑剤;
クマロン・インデン樹脂;
フェノール・ホルムアルデヒド樹脂;
テルペン・フェノール樹脂;
ポリテルペン樹脂;
合成ポリテルペン樹脂、芳香族系炭化水素樹脂、脂肪族系炭化水素樹脂、脂肪族系環状炭化水素樹脂、脂肪族・脂環族系石油樹脂、脂肪族・芳香族系石油樹脂、水添変性脂環族系炭化水素樹脂、水添炭化水素樹脂、液状ポリブテン、液状ポリブタジエン、アタクチックポリプロピレン等の石油系炭化水素樹脂などが挙げられる。
これらの軟化剤は、1種単独で使用することもできるし、2種以上を組み合わせて使用することもできる。
金属酸化物としては、積層体の用途により適宜選択でき、単独でも2種類以上混合して用いることができる。金属酸化物の具体例としては亜鉛華(例えばMETA-Z102)(商品名:井上石灰工業株式会社製などの酸化亜鉛)、酸化マグネシウムなどが挙げられる。その配合量は通常、オレフィン系ゴム100質量部に対して、通常0.5~20質量部、好ましくは0.5~15質量部、より好ましくは0.5~10質量部、さらに好ましくは0.5~5質量部である。
(X-6)架橋助剤としては、イオウ;p-キノンジオキシム等のキノンジオキシム系化合物;多官能性モノマー、たとえばトリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート等の(メタ)アクリレート系化合物;ジアリルフタレート、トリアリルシアヌレート等のアリル系化合物;m-フェニレンビスマレイミド等のマレイミド系化合物;ジビニルベンゼンなどが挙げられる。(X-6)架橋助剤は、一種単独で用いられてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて用いられてもよい。
(X-7)その他の成分としては、充填剤、発泡剤、酸化防止剤、加工助剤、界面活性剤、耐候剤など、従来よりゴム組成物に添加される各種添加剤成分が挙げられる。また、オレフィン系ゴム以外の樹脂成分を必要に応じて含有してもよい。
フェニルナフチルアミン、4,4'-(α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ジフェニルアミン、N,N'-ジ-2-ナフチル-p-フェニレンジアミン等の芳香族第二アミン系安定剤;
2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール、テトラキス-[メチレン-3-(3',5'-ジ-t-ブチル-4'-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン等のフェノール系安定剤;
ビス[2-メチル-4-(3-n-アルキルチオプロピオニルオキシ)-5-t-ブチルフェニル]スルフィド等のチオエーテル系安定剤;2-メルカプトベンゾイミダゾール等のベンゾイミダゾール系安定剤;
ジブチルジチオカルバミン酸ニッケル等のジチオカルバミン酸塩系安定剤;
2,2,4-トリメチル-1,2-ジヒドロキノリンの重合物等のキノリン系安定剤
などが挙げられる。これらは単独で、または2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
またオレフィン系ゴムには、公知のゴム組成物に配合し得る各種添加剤を、必要に応じて適宜含有することができる。
オレフィン系ゴムに、擬似ゲル防止剤を配合する場合には、擬似ゲル防止剤の配合量は、オレフィン系ゴム100質量部に対して、通常は0.1~15質量部、好ましくは0.5~12質量部、さらに好ましくは1.0~10質量部である。
ポリオレフィン樹脂としては、α‐オレフィン単独重合体、α‐オレフィン共重合体が挙げられる。α‐オレフィン単独重合体としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等が挙げられ、α‐オレフィン共重合体としては、エチレン・炭素原子数3~20のα‐オレフィン共重合体が挙げられる。エチレン・炭素原子数3~20のα‐オレフィン共重合体としては、エチレン・プロピレンラバー(EPR)、プロピレン・エチレンラバー(PER)、エチレン・ブテンラバー(EBR)、エチレン・オクテンラバー(EOR)などが挙げられる。
なお、ポリオレフィン樹脂は一種単独で用いても、二種以上を用いてもよい。
本発明の積層体を構成する層(B)は、接着樹脂層、すなわち、上述した接着樹脂からなる層である。
本発明の積層体を構成する層(C)は、上述した第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムを含む層である。
なお、層(C)では、充填剤として、水酸化マグネシウム、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化カルシウムなどの金属水酸化物;炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸アルミニウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸バリウムなどの炭酸塩;珪酸マグネシウム、珪酸カルシウム、珪酸ナトリウム、珪酸アルミニウムなどの珪酸塩;硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸カルシウム、硫酸バリウムなどの硫酸塩;合成ハイドロタルサイト、二硫化モリブデン、硫化鉄、硫化銅などの金属硫化物;湿式シリカ、乾式シリカ、石英微粉末、ガラス繊維などの酸化ケイ素類;珪藻土、アスベスト、リトポン(硫化亜鉛/硫化バリウム)、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、フッ化カーボン、フッ化カルシウム、コークス、タルク、雲母粉末、ワラストナイト、炭素繊維、アラミド繊維、各種ウィスカー、などの無機充填剤のほか、有機補強剤、有機充填剤などを用いてもよい。
層(C)は、ハロゲン含有ゴムと、架橋剤とを含む市販の組成物を用いて形成されていてもよい。
各層を構成する材料の調製方法としては特に限定は無い。層(A)を構成する材料が、オレフィン系ゴムのみである場合、層(C)を構成する材料が、第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムのみである場合には、前述の各ゴムをそのまま使用することができる。また、層(B)については、上述した接着樹脂をそのまま使用することができる。
本発明の積層体は、前述のように、
オレフィン系ゴム層(A)と、
接着樹脂層(B)と、
第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムを含む層(C)と
がこの順で積層してなる構造を含む。
本発明の積層体の製造方法としては、特に限定は無いが、例えば以下の方法(a)によって積層体を得る方法が挙げられる。なお、方法(a)によって、積層体を得た後に、架橋工程を行ってもよく、または1次加硫後にオーブンなどで2次加硫工程を行い、架橋されたゴムを含む層を有する積層体を得てもよい。
架橋工程あるいは1次加硫としては、前記層(A)、層(C)を構成する材料に予め架橋剤等の架橋に必要な成分を配合しておき、加熱(例えば150~240℃)によって架橋を行う工程、電子線(例えば0.1~10MeVのエネルギーを有する電子線)を、積層体に照射することにより架橋を行う工程が挙げられる。なお、前記電子線の照射は、積層体の吸収線量が、通常は0.5~36Mrad、好ましくは0.5~20Mrad、より好ましくは1~10Mradになるように行われる。
2次加硫は、前記1次加硫の後に行われる工程であり、加熱(例えば150~200℃)を行うことにより、加硫(架橋)を充分に促進させる工程である。
本発明の積層体は、その層構成によって様々な要求特性を満足することができるため、様々な用途に用いることができる。
本発明のホースは、本発明の積層体を、少なくとも一部として有していればよく、本発明の積層体のみから形成されるホースであってもよい。
(測定・評価方法)
以下の製造例、実施例および比較例において、各特性の測定および評価方法は次の通りである。
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の、各構成単位の質量分率(質量%)およびB値は、13C-NMRによる測定値により求めた。測定値は、ECX400P型核磁気共鳴装置(日本電子製)を用いて、測定温度:120℃、測定溶媒:オルトジクロロベンゼン/重水素化ベンゼン=4/1、積算回数:8000回にて、共重合体の13C-NMRのスペクトルを測定して得た。
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体のヨウ素価は、滴定法により求めた。具体的には、以下の方法で測定した。
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体の極限粘度[η](dl/g)は、(株)離合社製 全自動極限粘度計を用いて、温度:135℃、測定溶媒:デカリンにて測定した。
重量平均分子量(Mw)、数平均分子量(Mn)、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)で測定されるポリスチレン換算の数値である。測定装置および条件は、以下のとおりである。また、分子量は、市販の単分散ポリスチレンを用いて検量線を作製し、換算法に基づいて算出した。
装置:ゲル透過クロマトグラフ Alliance GP2000型(Waters社製)、
解析装置:Empower2(Waters社製)、
カラム:TSKgel GMH6-HT×2+TSKgel GMH6-HTL×2(7.5mmI.D.×30cm、東ソー社製)、
カラム温度:140℃、
移動相:o-ジクロロベンゼン(0.025%BHT含有)、
検出器:示差屈折計(RI)、流速:1.0mL/min、
注入量:400μL、
サンプリング時間間隔:1s、
カラム較正:単分散ポリスチレン(東ソー社製)、
分子量換算:旧法EPR換算/粘度を考慮した較正法。
レオメーターとして、粘弾性測定装置Ares(Rheometric Scientific社製)を用い、190℃、歪み1.0%の条件で、周波数ω=0.01rad/sでの複素粘度η* (ω=0.01)、周波数ω=0.1rad/sでの複素粘度η* (ω=0.1)、周波数ω=10rad/sでの複素粘度η* (ω=10)および周波数ω=100rad/sでの複素粘度η* (ω=100)(いずれも単位はPa・sec)を測定した。また、得られた結果よりη* (ω=0.1)とη* (ω=100)との複素粘度の比(η*比)であるP値(η* (ω=0.1)/η* (ω=100))を算出した。
(1000炭素原子あたりの長鎖分岐数(LCB1000c))
上記要件(V-i)~(V-iii)の項で上述した方法で測定した。
(1)ムーニー粘度(ML(1+4)100℃)
100℃におけるムーニー粘度(ML(1+4)100℃)は、JIS K6300に準拠して、ムーニー粘度計((株)島津製作所製SMV202型)を用いて、100℃の条件下で測定した。
実施例および比較例における未架橋のゴム配合物を用いて、加硫測定装置:MDR2000(ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES 社製)により、温度160℃および時間30分の測定条件下で、誘導時間(TS1)を、以下のとおり測定した。
実施例および比較例における未架橋のゴム組成物を用いて、測定装置:MDR2000(ALPHA TECHNOLOGIES 社製)により、温度160℃および時間30分の測定条件下で、加硫速度(TC90)を以下のとおり測定した。
積層体の剥離強度を以下の方法で測定した。
実施例、比較例で得られた積層体を、JIS K6854-3に準拠して、測定温度:23.0℃、試験速度:200.0mm/min、試験片幅:25.0mmでT型剥離試験を実施し、剥離強度を測定した。
積層体の表面膨潤試験を以下の方法で行った。
実施例、比較例で得られた厚み5mmの架橋ゴムシート(積層体)を、8cm×8cmの正方形状に切り出し、測定用の積層体を得た。
温度80℃で保持し、1時間毎に表面状態を観察した。
潤滑油の表面から、積層体のゴム膨潤により突起して積層体の表面が現れた場合を×(膨潤)、潤滑油の表面から、積層体の表面が現れなかった場合を○(膨潤せず)として、目視により評価した。
シートのモジュラス、引張破断点応力、引張破断点伸びを以下の方法で測定した。
シートを打抜いてJIS K 6251(1993年)に記載されている3号形ダンベル試験片を調製し、この試験片を用いてJIS K6251第3項に規定される方法に従い、測定温度25℃、引張速度500mm/分の条件で引張り試験を行ない、伸び率が100%であるときの引張応力(100%モジュラス(M100))、伸び率が200%であるときの引張応力(200%モジュラス(M200))、伸び率が300%であるときの引張応力(300%モジュラス(M300))、引張破断点応力(TB)および引張破断点伸び(EB)を測定した。
JIS K 6253に従い、シートの硬度(タイプAデュロメータ、HA)の測定は、平滑な表面をもっている2mmのシート状ゴム成形品6枚を用いて、平らな部分を積み重ねて厚み約12mmとして行った。ただし、試験片に異物の混入したもの、気泡のあるもの、およびキズのあるものは用いなかった。また、試験片の測定面の寸法は、押針先端が試験片の端から12mm以上離れた位置で測定できる大きさとした。
JIS K 6257に従って、耐熱老化性試験を行った。すなわち、シートを180℃のオーブン中に168時間入れて老化させた後、測定温度23℃、引張速度500mm/分の条件で引張試験を行い、引張破断点応力(TB)および引張破断点伸び(EB)を測定した。また、前記(硬さ試験(ショア-A硬度))の項と同様の方法で、硬度を測定した。
JIS K6260に準拠し、溝のない試験片を用い、デマチャ式屈曲試験機により、試験片に繰り返し屈曲を与えたときの亀裂発生及び亀裂成長に対する抵抗性を評価した。
測定温度は23℃とし、試験片が切断された時の回数を記録した。
なお、50万回屈曲を与えても試験片が切断されなかった場合には、そこで試験を終了し、試験片の状態を目視にて確認した。
(エチレン・プロピレン・VNB共重合体(A-1)の製造)
攪拌翼を備えた容積300Lの重合器を用いて、連続的に、エチレン、プロピレン、5-ビニル-2-ノルボルネン(VNB)の重合反応を87℃にて行った。
得られた共重合体(A-1)の物性を前記記載の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
なお、得られた共重合体(A-1)を、「VNB-EPT」とも記す。
(エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体)
三井・デュポンポリケミカル製EV150(MFR(190℃、2.16kg荷重)=30g/10分、密度=960kg/m3 、酢酸ビニル含量=33質量%、融点(DSC)=61℃)を、そのままエチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体として使用した。
なお、以下の記載において、上記エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を、「EVA」と呼ぶこととする。
(シラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体の製造)
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体(三井・デュポンポリケミカル製EV260:MFR(190℃、2.16kg荷重)=6g/10分、密度=950kg/m3 、酢酸ビニル含量=28質量%、融点(DSC)=72℃)を100質量部、
シラン化合物としてビニルトリメトキシシラン1.7質量部、
遊離基発生剤としてジクミルパーオキサイド0.15質量部、及び、
反応禁止剤としてドデシルメルカプタン0.03質量部
からなる配合物を65mmφの多軸押出機に供給して樹脂温度200℃以上で溶融混練して押出した後、冷却ペレット化してシラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を得た。
なお、以下の記載において、得られたシラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体を、「SMEVA」と呼ぶこととする。
(エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体)
三井EPT 2060M:エチレン・プロピレン・ENB共重合体、ML(1+4)125℃(ASTM D 1646)が40、エチレン含量(ASTM D 3900)が55wt%、ENB含量(ASTM D 6047)が2.3wt%、三井化学(株)製 三井EPT 2060Mの物性を表2に示す。
なお、三井EPT 2060Mを、「ENB-EPT」とも記す。
Vamac G:エチレン・アクリルゴム含有組成物、デュポン社製
Nipol AR-12:アルキルアクリレートを骨格主成分とするアクリルゴム、日本ゼオン社製
なお、Vamac Gを「AEM」とも記し、Nipol AR-12を「ACM」とも記す。
エピクロマーH:エピクロロヒドリン単独重合体からなるエピクロロヒドリンゴム、大阪ソーダ社製
なお、エピクロマーHを「ECO」とも記す。
(VNB-EPTを含む組成物の調製)
第一段階として、BB-2型バンバリーミキサー(神戸製鋼所製)を用いて、100質量部のVNB-EPTを30秒間素練りし、次いでこれに、30質量部のFEFカーボン(旭60G:旭カーボン社製)、45質量部のSRFカーボン(旭50G:旭カーボン社製)、40質量部のFTカーボン(旭サーマル:旭カーボン社製)、5質量部の酸化マグネシウム(キョーワマグ150:協和化学工業社製)、1質量部のステアリン酸(ビーズステアリン酸 つばき:日油社製)、4質量部の4,4'-ビス(α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ジフェニルアミン(ノクラックCD、大内新興化学(株)製)、47質量部のプロセスオイル(ダイアナプロセス PS430:出光興産社製)、および3質量部のトリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート(ハイクロスM:精工化学社製)を加え、140℃で2分間混練した。その後、ラムを上昇させ掃除を行ない、さらに、1分間混練を行ない、約150℃で排出し、第一段階の配合物を得た。
第一段階として、BB-2型バンバリーミキサー(神戸製鋼所製)を用いて、100質量部のAEMを30秒間素練りし、次いでこれに、60質量部のHAFカーボン(旭70G:旭カーボン社製)、1質量部のステアリン酸(ビーズステアリン酸 つばき:日油社製)、2質量部の4,4'-ビス(α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ジフェニルアミン(ノクラックCD、大内新興化学(株)製)を加え、140℃で2分間混練した。その後、ラムを上昇させ掃除を行ない、さらに、1分間混練を行ない、約150℃で排出し、第一段階の配合物を得た。
(T型剥離試験用の積層体の調製)
VNB-EPTを含む組成物およびAEMを含む組成物のそれぞれをシート状に分出した。次に分出した未加硫ゴムシート(VNB-EPTを含む組成物のシートおよびAEMを含む組成物のシート)50gを、それぞれ個別にルミラー(延伸ポリエステル(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)フィルム)で上下にサンドした。ルミラーで上下がサンドされた各未加硫ゴムシートを、50トンプレス成形機を用いて、VNB-EPTを含む組成物のシートは120℃で2分間、AEMを含む組成物のシートは120℃で2分間、それぞれプレスし、t(厚さ)=1mm、長さおよび幅がともに20cmの未加硫ゴムシートをそれぞれ作製した。
架橋ゴムシート(積層体)からテフロン(登録商標)樹脂シートを取り除き、架橋ゴムシート(積層体)についてT型剥離試験を行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
AEMに代えてACMを用いたことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例1B-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1B-1と同様に行った。
(VNB-EPTを含む組成物の調製)
VNB-EPTを含む組成物の調製は、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
第一段階として、BB-2型バンバリーミキサー(神戸製鋼所製)を用いて、100質量部のECOを30秒間素練りし、次いでこれに、40質量部のMAFカーボンブラック(シースト116:東海カーボン(株)製)、1質量部のステアリン酸(ビーズステアリン酸 つばき:日油社製)、3質量部の酸化マグネシウム(キョーワマグ150:協和化学工業社製)、1質量部のジブチルジチオカルバミン酸ニッケル(ノクラックNBC:大内新興化学工業(株)製)、5質量部の炭酸カルシウム(ホワイトンSB:備北粉化工業(株)製)を加え、140℃で2分間混練した。その後、ラムを上昇させ掃除を行ない、さらに、1分間混練を行ない、約150℃で排出し、第一段階の配合物を得た。
積層体の調製、評価については、AEMを含む組成物の代わりにECOを含む組成物を用い、未加硫ゴムシートのプレスを行う条件を120℃で2分間に代えて80℃で2分とし、一方、架橋ゴムシート(積層体)の2次加硫は行わなかったことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例1C-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1C-1と同様に行った。
(VNB-EPTを含む組成物の調製)
VNB-EPTを含む組成物の調製は、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
フッ素ゴムを含む組成物として、ダイエル DC-2270F(ダイキン工業製:ポリオール架橋型フッ素ゴムコンパウンド)を用いた。ダイエル DC-2270Fは、フッ素ゴム以外にもポリオール系架橋剤(ビスフェノール AF)、架橋促進剤(4級オニウム塩)、充填剤、受酸剤を含む組成物である。
なお、ダイエル DC-2270Fを「ポリオール系FKM」とも称す。
積層体の調製、評価については、AEMを含む組成物の代わりにフッ素ゴムを含む組成物を用い、未加硫ゴムシートのプレスを行う条件を120℃で2分間に代えて80℃で2分とし、一方、架橋ゴムシート(積層体)の2次加硫は行わなかったことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例1D-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例1D-1と同様に行った。
(ENB-EPTを含む組成物の調製)
第一段階として、BB-2型バンバリーミキサー(神戸製鋼所製)を用いて、100質量部のENB-EPTを30秒間素練りし、次いでこれに、80質量部のFEFカーボン(旭60G:旭カーボン社製)、5質量部の酸化マグネシウム(キョーワマグ150:協和化学工業社製)、1質量部のステアリン酸(ビーズステアリン酸 つばき:日油社製)、50質量部のプロセスオイル(ダイアナプロセス PS430:出光興産社製)を加え、140℃で2分間混練した。その後、ラムを上昇させ掃除を行ない、さらに、1分間混練を行ない、約150℃で排出し、第一段階の配合物を得た。
AEMを含む組成物の調製、並びに、積層体の調製、評価については、VNB-EPTを含む組成物の代わりにENB-EPTを含む組成物を用いたことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例2A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例2A-1と同様に行った。
AEMに代えてACMを用いたことを除き、実施例2A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例2B-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例2B-1と同様に行った。
(ENB-EPTを含む組成物の調製)
ENB-EPTを含む組成物の調製は、実施例2A-1と同様に行った。
ECOを含む組成物の調製は、実施例1C-1と同様に行った。
積層体の調製、評価については、AEMを含む組成物の代わりにECOを含む組成物を用い、VNB-EPTを含む組成物の代わりにENB-EPTを含む組成物を用い、未加硫ゴムシートのプレスを行う条件を120℃で2分間に代えて80℃で2分とし、一方、架橋ゴムシート(積層体)の2次加硫は行わなかったことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例2C-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例2C-1と同様に行った。
(ENB-EPTを含む組成物の調製)
ENB-EPTを含む組成物の調製は、実施例2A-1と同様に行った。
フッ素ゴムを含む組成物の調製は、実施例1D-1と同様に行った。
積層体の調製、評価については、AEMを含む組成物の代わりにECOを含む組成物を用い、VNB-EPTを含む組成物の代わりにENB-EPTを含む組成物を用い、未加硫ゴムシートのプレスを行う条件を120℃で2分間に代えて80℃で2分とし、一方、架橋ゴムシート(積層体)の2次加硫は行わなかったことを除き、実施例1A-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムに代えて前記SMEVAフィルムを用いたことを除き、実施例2D-1と同様に行った。
EVAフィルムを使用しなかったことを除き、実施例2D-1と同様に行った。
各実施例及び比較例の評価結果を表3-1~3-4に示す。
Claims (11)
- オレフィン系ゴム層(A)と、
エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、シラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン・アクリル酸共重合体およびそのアイオノマー、並びに、エチレン・メタクリル酸共重合体およびそのアイオノマーからなる群より選ばれる1以上を含む接着樹脂層(B)と、
第16族元素および/または第17族元素を含有するゴムを含む層(C)と
がこの順で積層してなる構造を含む積層体。 - 前記接着樹脂層(B)が、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体およびシラン変性エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体からなる群より選ばれる1以上を含む請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記層(C)が、酸素原子を含有するゴムを含む請求項1または2に記載の積層体。
- 前記層(C)が、アクリル系ゴムを含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記層(C)が、ハロゲン含有ゴムを含む請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記ハロゲン含有ゴムが、エピクロロヒドリンゴムおよびフッ素ゴムからなる群より選ばれる1以上である請求項5に記載の積層体。
- 前記オレフィン系ゴム層(A)が、エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体を含む請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の積層体。
- 前記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエン共重合体が5-ビニル-2-ノルボルネン(VNB)由来の構成単位を有する、請求項7に記載の積層体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の積層体を、少なくとも一部として有するホース。
- 自動車用、モーターバイク用、工業機械用、建設機械用または農業機械用のいずれかの用途に用いられる、請求項9に記載のホース。
- 前記層(A)と前記層(C)とを、前記層(B)によって接着する工程を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の積層体の製造方法。
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JP2018568536A JP6792650B2 (ja) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | 積層体 |
KR1020197024280A KR102276518B1 (ko) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | 적층체 |
CN201880012624.1A CN110312618B (zh) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | 层叠体 |
MX2019009837A MX2019009837A (es) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | Laminado. |
EP18754397.0A EP3584074B1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | Laminate |
BR112019017371-4A BR112019017371B1 (pt) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | Laminado, mangueira e método para produzir o referido laminado |
US16/486,705 US20190358928A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | Laminate |
US17/733,516 US20220266568A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2022-04-29 | Laminate |
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JP2017-028945 | 2017-02-20 | ||
JP2017028945 | 2017-02-20 |
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US16/486,705 A-371-Of-International US20190358928A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | Laminate |
US17/733,516 Division US20220266568A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2022-04-29 | Laminate |
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WO2018151104A1 true WO2018151104A1 (ja) | 2018-08-23 |
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PCT/JP2018/004907 WO2018151104A1 (ja) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-02-13 | 積層体 |
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US (2) | US20190358928A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3584074B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6792650B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102276518B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN110312618B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112019017371B1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2019009837A (ja) |
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CN110325360B (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2021-07-20 | 三井化学株式会社 | 层叠体 |
CN111867829A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2020-10-30 | 三井化学株式会社 | 层叠体及其用途 |
US10851227B2 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-12-01 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Resin composition, insulated electric wire and method of manufacturing insulated electric wire |
CN114292606A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-08 | 苏州云裳电子有限公司 | 一种环保胶带及其制备方法 |
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MX2019009837A (es) | 2019-10-04 |
KR102276518B1 (ko) | 2021-07-12 |
EP3584074A1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
US20190358928A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
BR112019017371A2 (pt) | 2020-03-31 |
EP3584074A4 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
US20220266568A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 |
CN110312618A (zh) | 2019-10-08 |
JPWO2018151104A1 (ja) | 2019-12-12 |
JP6792650B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
EP3584074B1 (en) | 2023-06-21 |
TW201840423A (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
BR112019017371B1 (pt) | 2023-01-10 |
KR20190104613A (ko) | 2019-09-10 |
TWI759429B (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
CN110312618B (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
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