WO2018090247A1 - 石斛保鲜方法 - Google Patents

石斛保鲜方法 Download PDF

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WO2018090247A1
WO2018090247A1 PCT/CN2016/106098 CN2016106098W WO2018090247A1 WO 2018090247 A1 WO2018090247 A1 WO 2018090247A1 CN 2016106098 W CN2016106098 W CN 2016106098W WO 2018090247 A1 WO2018090247 A1 WO 2018090247A1
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sarcophagus
dendrobium
preserving
polypropylene film
environment
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PCT/CN2016/106098
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English (en)
French (fr)
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敖静
陈文�
李诗靖
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深圳市双晖农业科技有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/106098 priority Critical patent/WO2018090247A1/zh
Publication of WO2018090247A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018090247A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F25/00—Storing agricultural or horticultural produce; Hanging-up harvested fruit
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N3/00—Preservation of plants or parts thereof, e.g. inhibiting evaporation, improvement of the appearance of leaves or protection against physical influences such as UV radiation using chemical compositions; Grafting wax

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  • the present invention relates to the storage of stone mites.
  • Dendrobium candidum is a black-skinned grass. It is a perennial epiphytic herb of the genus Dendrobium. It is a traditional and precious Chinese herbal medicine. It is known as the “the first of the nine Chinese grasses” and has unique medicinal value and health benefits. The name of “Qianjincao” and “soft gold”. Modern medical research shows that Dendrobium candidum has the functions of nourishing yin and nourishing the stomach, clearing heat and improving eyesight, enhancing immunity and anti-tumor. The wild sarcophagus enjoys a damp and shady environment and is extremely harsh on the growing environment. It will die in the face of glare, heavy rain, cold wave and drought.
  • Wild Dendrobium belongs to a family of orchids that grow slowly and have very low reproductive capacity. Due to the huge medicinal and health care value of Dendrobium candidum, leading to long-term predatory mining, coupled with the increasingly harsh living environment, the wild resources are seriously depleted.
  • Fresh and fresh strips contain a lot of natural juice and rich natural active substances. In terms of preventing certain diseases, the fresh and fresh strips have better heat-clearing and nourishing effects than dry products, and have unique effects that are not available for dry medicine.
  • Fresh scallions can be eaten directly, and can be used for soups, which can be used to squeeze stone sap juice. Among them, sarcophagus juice is favored by everyone for its sweet taste, the scent of grass and the green color.
  • Dendrobium Dendrobium In today's era of frequent food safety problems, people are increasingly pursuing natural, unprocessed products, and the fresh skin of Dendrobium Dendrobium is in full compliance with the diet and consumption habits of modern people. With the improvement of living standards, Dendrobium candidum is used as a fresh product. Health foods are gaining more and more favor.
  • Dendrobium candidum After one year of planting, Dendrobium candidum accumulates alkaloids, polysaccharides and other active ingredients. The harvesting period can last from November of the current year to around May of the next year. The medicinal value of Dendrobium can be reduced after flowering. The supply of fresh strips of Dendrobium candidum is only 6-7 months, which seriously affects the sales of Dendrobium candidum. If you can extend the shelf life of the sarcophagus for 6 months, you can provide fresh Dendrobium for the whole year.
  • an embodiment provides a method for preserving the sarcophagus.
  • the sarcophagus is sealed with a biaxially oriented polypropylene film and stored in a refrigerated environment at 0°-5°.
  • the sealed sarcophagus is placed in a carton together with the biaxially oriented polypropylene film, and the carton is sealed and stored in a refrigerated environment.
  • the sarcophagus is laid flat in at least one layer in the biaxially oriented polypropylene film, and moisture absorbing moisture is placed in the sealed space formed by the biaxially oriented polypropylene film. Pieces.
  • the bifurcated polypropylene film is used to seal the sarcophagus.
  • the bag formed by the biaxially oriented polypropylene film has a certain air permeability, and the material can be packaged to construct a low oxygen and high carbon dioxide.
  • the environment, inhibiting the respiration of sarcophagus, combined with a low temperature storage environment can effectively delay aging.
  • storing the sarcophagus in a cold environment of 0°-5° can slow down the mildew of the sarcophagus, prolong the storage time of the sarcophagus and maintain the commercial value and nutritional value of the sarcophagus.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the laying manner of a stone raft in an embodiment.
  • the sarcophagus is still a living body after harvesting.
  • Dendrobium candidum is rich in nutrients, and the living environment is mostly humid.
  • the plant body is easy to carry mold, and it is easy to produce condensed water during storage. It is prone to mildew during the preservation of Dendrobium, affecting Dendrobium. Commodity value and food value.
  • the inventors In order to make the sarcophagus fresh, the inventors have made various attempts. However, if the stone meal is packaged in a vacuum package, it will be stored at a low temperature, and as the storage time is prolonged, a sour taste and an alcoholic taste will be produced, failing to maintain the fresh-keeping effect. However, although direct refrigeration does not produce mildew, the fresh strip loses water seriously, which seriously affects the appearance of the product. Although the use of quick-freezing and low-temperature preservation of Dendrobium can effectively maintain the original shape, efficacy and composition of fresh strips, the quality of fresh strips after thawing is drastically reduced, and freezing damage is severe.
  • biaxially oriented polypropylene film BOPP
  • the present embodiment utilizes a biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP) having a certain air permeability, and packaging of the material (such as a packaging bag) can construct a ring of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide. It inhibits the respiration of Dendrobium and combines with a low temperature storage environment to effectively delay aging. Moreover, the sarcophagus is stored in a refrigerating room of 0°-5°, and the environment of the refrigerating room is dry and ventilated, which can slow down the mildew of the sarcophagus, prolong the storage time of the sarcophagus and maintain the commercial value and nutritional value of the sarcophagus.
  • BOPP biaxially oriented polypropylene film
  • the present embodiment provides experimental comparisons of other sets of plastic film storage as a comparison.
  • the experimental group was unpackaged refrigerated, PE bag (polyethylene film) sealed refrigerated, PP bag (polypropylene film) refrigerated, and BOPP bag (biaxially oriented polypropylene film) sealed and refrigerated.
  • the film thickness of the other experimental groups was the same, both were 0.02 mm, the storage temperature was 0-4 ° C, and the storage location was the refrigerator freezer.
  • the experimental results are as follows:
  • the present embodiment also provides some other measures.
  • the sealed sarcophagus is placed in a carton together with a biaxially oriented polypropylene film, and the carton is sealed and stored in a refrigerated environment.
  • the sarcophagus may be laid flat in the biaxially oriented polypropylene film.
  • the sarcophagus 100 is tiled to at least one layer, and the tiling thickness is about 5-10 cm.
  • the absorbent member As shown in Fig. 1, for each layer of tiled stone 100, it can be covered by the absorbent member.
  • the coating mentioned here refers to the omnidirectional coverage of the sarcophagus as much as possible to improve the moisture absorption effect as much as possible, but also includes covering only a part of the sarcophagus.
  • the absorbent member for covering the stone sarcophagus is a newspaper 300.
  • other absorbent materials may be used instead of the newspaper.
  • the absorbent member can also include a food desiccant.
  • the food desiccant is placed in a sealed space formed by a biaxially oriented polypropylene film to absorb moisture.
  • a food desiccant can be placed at the bottom of the bottommost sarcophagus. Of course, it may also be placed in other parts of the sealed space.
  • the weight ratio of Dendrobium to food desiccant can be designed according to 50:1, that is, 500g fresh strips are placed with 10g of food desiccant.
  • a support structure is provided between the layers to separate the sarcophagi of the adjacent layers from each other to avoid squeezing.
  • the room temperature of the refrigerating compartment is preferably controlled within 0°-4° throughout the storage process.
  • This embodiment provides a specific operation of the fresh-keeping method for collecting the above measures, and the steps are as follows:
  • BOPP biaxially oriented polypropylene film bag
  • 2-3 layers of newspapers are placed in the BOPP bag at the bottom of the box, and the cold sarcophagus strips are placed on the bottom of the box, and the thickness is about 5-10 cm.
  • One of the fresh strips is placed with a food desiccant, and 500 g of fresh strips are placed with 10 g of food desiccant.
  • One layer and one layer are processed as described above, and newspapers are laid between each layer, and there is support between each layer to ensure that the upper and lower layers are not pressed.
  • the food grade BOPP bag is sealed and the carton is sealed after the cardboard box is filled with fresh stone.
  • the packaged fresh stone sarcophagus is placed in a cold storage in a box, and the refrigerating temperature is 0°-4°C. Insulate condensation from water droplets onto the carton to ensure a dry storage environment.
  • the method can store fresh strips better, the storage period can reach about 6 months, no mildew occurs, the water loss rate is low, the juice taste is good, the acid taste is not good, and the appearance quality of the fresh strips can be better maintained. Nutritional quality.
  • the biaxially stretched polypropylene film (BOPP) packaging bag has a certain air permeability, and the packaging bag can construct a low oxygen and high carbon dioxide environment to inhibit the respiration of the stone mites. Combined with a low temperature storage environment can effectively delay aging.
  • Food desiccants and newspapers can absorb the water vapor generated during storage, creating a dry storage environment, combined with a low-temperature storage environment can effectively inhibit the occurrence of mildew.
  • the materials used in the method are all cheap and easy to obtain materials, and the cost is saved. It is simple and easy to operate. It does not need to rely on preservatives and professional storage equipment. It can be stored at home. Using this method to store fresh strips can ensure the sale of high quality fresh strips throughout the year.
  • the method does not use a bactericide, and there is no hidden danger of the pesticide exceeding the standard, and the natural pollution of the sarcophagus is ensured.

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Abstract

一种石斛保鲜方法，采用双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜密封石斛，这种双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜形成的包装袋具有一定的空气通透性，用此材料包装能建造一个低氧高二氧化碳的环境，抑制石斛的呼吸作用，结合低温的贮藏环境能有效的延缓衰老。而且将石斛贮藏在0°-5°的冷藏环境中，可以减缓石斛的霉变，延长石斛的贮藏时间和保持石斛的商品价值和营养价值。

Description

石斛保鲜方法 技术领域
本发明涉及石斛的贮藏。
背景技术
铁皮石斛别名黑节草，为兰科石斛属多年生附生草本植物，是一种传统的名贵中草药，被誉为“中华九大仙草之首”，具有独特的药用价值和保健功效，素有“千金草”、“软黄金”之称。现代医学研究表明，铁皮石斛具有滋阴养胃、清热明目、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤等功效。野生石斛喜潮湿阴凉的环境，对生长环境极为苛刻，遇强光、暴雨、寒潮、干旱即会死亡。野生石斛属于一种生长缓慢，自身繁殖能力非常低的兰科附身植物。由于铁皮石斛具有巨大的药用和保健价值，导致长期掠夺性采挖，再加上生存环境越来越恶劣，致使野生资源严重枯竭。
有研究表明，铁皮石斛鲜条中总生物碱及还原糖的含量高于干品。新鲜鲜条含有大量的自然汁，丰富的天然活性物质。在防止某些疾病方面，新鲜鲜条的清热养阴功效优于干品，具有干药不可及的独到作用。且新鲜石斛鲜条可直接食用，可用于煲汤，可榨石斛汁，其中石斛汁以其清甜的口感，青草的香味，翠绿的颜色受到大家的青睐。在当今食品安全问题频发的年代，人们越来越追求自然地，未经加工的产品，铁皮石斛鲜条完全符合现代人的饮食和消费习惯，随着生活水平的提高，铁皮石斛鲜品作为保健食品得到越来越多的青睐。
铁皮石斛种植一年后其植株鲜条才积累生物碱、多糖等有效成分，采收期可从当年11月份持续至来年5月份左右，石斛开花后其内含的药用价值将降低，因此每年铁皮石斛鲜条的供给只有6-7个月，严重影响了铁皮石斛的销售。若能将石斛保鲜期延长6个月，可为市场全年提供鲜品铁皮石斛。
发明内容
根据第一方面，一种实施例中提供一种石斛保鲜方法。
该方法是将石斛用双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜密封后，贮藏在0°-5°的冷藏环境中。
作为所述石斛保鲜方法的进一步可选方案，被密封的石斛连同所述双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜一起放置在纸箱中，并将纸箱密封后，贮藏在冷藏环境中。
作为所述石斛保鲜方法的进一步可选方案，所述石斛在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜中平铺设置为至少一层，在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜所形成的密封空间中放置有吸收水汽的吸湿件。
依据上述实施例的石斛保鲜方法，采用双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜密封石斛，这种双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜形成的包装袋具有一定的空气通透性，用此材料包装能建造一个低氧高二氧化碳的环境，抑制石斛的呼吸作用，结合低温的贮藏环境能有效的延缓衰老。而且将石斛贮藏在0°-5°的冷藏环境中，可以减缓石斛的霉变，延长石斛的贮藏时间和保持石斛的商品价值和营养价值。
附图说明
图1为一种实施例中石斛的铺设方式示意图。
具体实施方式
石斛采收后仍然是一个活体。以铁皮石斛为例，由于铁皮石斛营养丰富，生存环境多为潮湿环境，其植株本体极易携带霉菌，再加上贮存过程中易产生冷凝水，石斛保鲜过程中极易发生霉变，影响石斛的商品价值和食用价值。
为了使石斛能够很好的保鲜，本发明人进行了多种尝试。但如果利用真空包装包装石斛，低温贮存，随着贮存时间的延长，会产生酸味和酒精味，达不到保鲜效果。而直接冷藏虽不产生霉变，但鲜条失水严重，严重影响商品的外观。利用速冻低温保鲜石斛虽可有效的保持鲜条的原有形态、药效及成分，但解冻后鲜条品质急剧下降，冷冻伤害严重。
最后，通过不断研究和分析，发现采用双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)密封石斛，且将石斛贮藏在冷藏环境中，能够更好的延缓石斛的衰老，减缓石斛的霉变，延长石斛的贮藏时间和保持石斛的商品价值和营养价值。
实施例1：
本实施例利用的是双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)具有一定的空气通透性，用此材料包装(如制成包装袋)能建造一个低氧高二氧化碳的环 境，抑制石斛的呼吸作用，结合低温的贮藏环境能有效的延缓衰老。而且将石斛贮藏在0°-5°的冷藏室中，冷藏室的环境干燥通风，可以减缓石斛的霉变，延长石斛的贮藏时间和保持石斛的商品价值和营养价值。
为了说明双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)这种材料的有益性，本实施例提供了其他几组塑料薄膜贮藏作为对比，进行了实验比对。
实验组分别是无包装冷藏、PE袋(聚乙烯薄膜)密封冷藏、PP袋(聚丙烯薄膜)冷藏以及BOPP袋(双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜)密封冷藏。
处无包装冷藏组外，其他实验组的薄膜厚度相同，均为0.02mm，贮藏温度为0-4℃，贮藏地点为冰箱冷藏室，实验结果如下：
Figure PCTCN2016106098-appb-000001
通过以上对比实验发现，用BOPP袋包装保鲜效果较好，贮藏4个月其霉变、失重率、包装袋内水汽含量均较低。
而为了进一步延长石斛的贮藏时间，减缓石斛的霉变，本实施例还提供了一些其他的措施。
例如，将被密封的石斛连同双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜一起放置在纸箱中，并将纸箱密封后，贮藏在冷藏环境中。
而石斛在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜中可以是平铺设置，例如图1所示，将石斛100平铺设置为至少一层，平铺厚度5-10cm左右。
同时，为了能够吸收贮藏过程中产生的水汽，创建一种干燥的贮藏环境。还可在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜200所形成的密封空间中放置有吸收水汽的吸湿件。
如图1所示，对于每层平铺设置的石斛100来说，可以使其被吸湿件包覆。这里所说的包覆是指尽量对石斛全方位的覆盖，以尽可能的提高吸湿效果，但同时也包括只覆盖石斛部分区域这种情况。
而在本实施例中，包覆石斛的吸湿件采用的是报纸300，在其他实施例中，也可用其他吸湿材料来代替报纸的使用。
此外，吸湿件还可以包括食品干燥剂。该食品干燥剂放置在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜所形成的密封空间中吸收水汽。
例如，可以将食品干燥剂放置在最底层石斛的底部。当然，也可能放置在密封空间内的其他部位。
石斛与食品干燥剂的重量比可以按照50:1来设计，即500g鲜条放置10g食品干燥剂。
当石斛被平铺设置为两层以上时，在层与层之间设置有支撑结构，用于使相邻层的石斛相互隔开，避免挤压。
其中，在整个贮藏过程中，冷藏室的室温优选控制在0°-4°以内。
此外，在对石斛进行上述保鲜处理时，还可以先用流水清洗干净石斛，并晾干，分级，预冷，从而延长保鲜时间。
上述各措施可根据保鲜需求进行组合使用。本实施例提供一种集合上述措施的保鲜方法具体操作，步骤如下：
1、石斛鲜条的前处理
每年11月-5月份。选择新鲜采摘，无病虫害，长势健壮，胶质含量高，无机械损伤的石斛鲜条，流水清洗干净，晾干，分级，预冷。
2、石斛鲜条的包装
准备一个纸箱，在纸箱内部套上食品级带孔的双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜袋(BOPP)。在位于箱子底部的BOPP袋内铺上2-3层报纸，将晾干预冷的石斛鲜条平铺于箱子底部，平铺厚度5-10cm左右。其中鲜条基部放置食品干燥剂，500g鲜条放置10g食品干燥剂。盖上2-3层灭菌报纸，保证石斛被灭菌报纸包裹住。一层一层如上述处理码好，每层之间铺上报纸，且每层之间有支撑，保证上下层之间不挤压。纸箱装石斛鲜条后将食品级BOPP袋封口，纸箱密封。
3、鲜条的贮藏
将包装好的石斛鲜条以箱为单位放于抽风冷库中，冷藏温度为0°-4℃。隔绝冷凝水滴到纸箱上，保证贮藏环境的干燥。
此方法可较好的贮藏鲜条，贮藏期可达到6个月左右，且不发生霉变，失水率较低，榨汁口感好，无酸味，能较好的保持鲜条的外观品质和营养品质。
在本实施例所提供的方法中，双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜(BOPP)包装袋具有一定的空气通透性，用此包装袋包装能建造一个低氧高二氧化碳的环境，抑制石斛的呼吸作用，结合低温的贮藏环境能有效的延缓衰老。
而食品干燥剂和报纸能吸收贮藏过程中产生的水汽，创建一种干燥的贮藏环境，结合低温的贮藏环境能有效的抑制霉变的发生。
本方法使用材料均是廉价易得材料，节约成本。而且简单易操作，不需要依靠保鲜剂和专业的贮藏设备，在家就能贮藏，运用此方法贮藏鲜条能保证全年都有较高品质的鲜条销售。
同时，本方法不使用杀菌剂，不存在农药超标的隐患，保证石斛的天然无污染。
以上应用了具体个例对本发明进行阐述，只是用于帮助理解本发明，并不用以限制本发明。对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种石斛保鲜方法,其特征在于，所述方法是将石斛用双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜密封后，贮藏在0°-5°的冷藏环境中。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，被密封的石斛连同所述双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜一起放置在纸箱中，并将纸箱密封后，贮藏在冷藏环境中。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述石斛在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜中平铺设置为至少一层，在双向拉伸聚丙烯薄膜所形成的密封空间中放置有吸收水汽的吸湿件。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，每层平铺设置的石斛被吸湿件包覆。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，包覆石斛的吸湿件为报纸。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述吸湿件包括食品干燥剂。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述食品干燥剂放置在最底层石斛的底部。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述石斛与食品干燥剂的重量比是50:1。
  9. 如权利要求3所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述石斛被平铺设置为至少两层，在层与层之间设置有支撑结构，用于使相邻层的石斛相互隔开，避免挤压。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的石斛保鲜方法，其特征在于，所述冷藏室的温度控制在0°-4°。
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