WO2018087387A1 - Polyurethanelastomer mit niedriger dämpfung - Google Patents
Polyurethanelastomer mit niedriger dämpfung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018087387A1 WO2018087387A1 PCT/EP2017/079179 EP2017079179W WO2018087387A1 WO 2018087387 A1 WO2018087387 A1 WO 2018087387A1 EP 2017079179 W EP2017079179 W EP 2017079179W WO 2018087387 A1 WO2018087387 A1 WO 2018087387A1
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- isocyanate
- polyol
- polyurethane elastomer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
- C08G18/4269—Lactones
- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
- C08G18/12—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/302—Water
- C08G18/307—Atmospheric humidity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4236—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups
- C08G18/4238—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing only aliphatic groups derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4858—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having more than four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7678—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing condensed aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
- C08G18/78—Nitrogen
- C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/797—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing carbodiimide and/or uretone-imine groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0008—Foam properties flexible
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
- C08G2110/0066—≥ 150kg/m3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2410/00—Soles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/022—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments premixing or pre-blending a part of the components of a foamable composition, e.g. premixing the polyol with the blowing agent, surfactant and catalyst and only adding the isocyanate at the time of foaming
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/044—Micropores, i.e. average diameter being between 0,1 micrometer and 0,1 millimeter
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/06—Polyurethanes from polyesters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing a polyurethane elastomer comprising reacting at least one isocyanate composition (ZI) and a polyol composition (ZP) containing a poly-e-caprolactone polyol which is obtainable or obtained by reacting ⁇ -caprolactone and a starter molecule which is selected from the group consisting of diols having a number average molecular weight in the range of 80 to 1500 g / mol, to obtain an isocyanate group-containing prepolymer, and the reaction of the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) with at least one chain extender (KV ), wherein the polyol composition (ZP) contains ⁇ -hydroxy-oxy-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range of 0 to 1% by weight, based on the total polyol composition.
- ZI isocyanate composition
- ZP polyol composition
- ZP contains ⁇ -hydroxy-oxy-
- the present invention relates to a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained by such a process and the use of a polyurethane elastomer or polyurethane elastomer according to the invention obtainable or obtainable according to a process according to the invention for producing a shaped article, in particular a damping element, shock absorber or bump stopper or a part of a shoe or a shoe sole, such as an insole or midsole.
- Elastomers based on polyisocyanate polyaddition products and their preparation are well known and widely described, for example in EP-A 62 835, EP-A 36 994, EP-A 250 969, DE-A 195 48 770 and DE-A 195 48 771, EP 1, 379,568 B1.
- Microcellular polyurethane molded parts are frequently used as damping elements in the automotive sector, where they have to withstand high mechanical stresses for years, and at the same time should have good resistance to hydrolysis.
- microcellular polyurethane also has very good dynamic properties.
- these dynamic characteristics include the requirement for very low attenuation (loss angle) and very low dynamic stiffening at frequencies in the range up to 1000 Hz.
- loss angle attenuation
- dynamic stiffening at frequencies in the range up to 1000 Hz.
- Increasingly higher demands are placed on the properties of the polyurethane elastomers.
- this object is achieved by a process for the preparation of a polyurethane elastomer, at least comprising the steps (i) and (ii):
- step (ii) reacting the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) with at least one chain extender (KV), wherein the polyol composition (ZP) a-hydro-oj-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range of 0 to 1 wt. % based on the total polyol composition.
- KV chain extender
- the present invention also relates to a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained by a process comprising at least steps (i) and (ii):
- step (ii) reacting the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) with at least one chain extender (KV), wherein the polyol composition (ZP) a-hydro-o-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range of 0 to 1 wt. % based on the total polyol composition.
- KV chain extender
- the process according to the invention comprises at least steps (i) and (ii).
- the method may also include further steps, for example shaping steps or a temperature treatment.
- the isocyanate composition (ZI) with the polyol composition (ZP) containing a poly-e-caprolactone polyol which is obtainable or obtained is reacted by reacting ⁇ -caprolactone and a starter molecule selected from the group consisting of diols having a number average molecular weight in the range of 80 to 1500 g / mol to obtain a prepolymer having isocyanate groups.
- the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) is reacted according to step (ii) with at least one chain extender (KV).
- the polyol composition (ZP) contains ⁇ -hydroxy-oxyhydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range from 0 to 1% by weight, based on the total polyol composition.
- the polyol composition (ZP) contains ⁇ -hydro-o-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 1 wt .-% based on the total polyol composition.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the polyol composition contains the ⁇ -hydro- ⁇ -hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyol in an amount of from 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the polyol composition, contains.
- no ⁇ -hydroxy-oxy-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols are added as a component to the polyol composition.
- one or more of the polyols used to contain ⁇ -hydroxy-oxy-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols as an impurity in small amounts.
- the polyol composition (ZP) is free of ⁇ -hydroxy-oxyhydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the poly-e-caprolactone polyol is obtainable or obtained by reacting ⁇ -caprolactone and a starter molecule which is selected from the group consisting of a-Hydro ⁇ - hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) diols, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols.
- the polyurethane elastomers according to the invention have a very low dynamic stiffening, as well as a very low attenuation (loss angle).
- the process according to the invention can be carried out, for example, in such a way that in the reaction according to step (i) the polyol component (ZP) in addition to poly-e-caprolactone and a hydro (O) -hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyol further polyols and optionally further chain extenders or crosslinkers contains.
- the reaction can be carried out, for example, at a temperature in the range from 110 to 180 ° C., preferably in the range from 130 to 170 ° C. and more preferably in the range from 140 to 155 ° C., to a prepolymer having isocyanate groups.
- the resulting isocyanate-terminated prepolymer according to the invention preferably has an NCO content of from 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 10% by weight and in particular from 4 to 8% by weight.
- NCO content of from 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 2 to 10% by weight and in particular from 4 to 8% by weight.
- at least 50% by weight, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, even more preferably at least 90% by weight and in particular 100% by weight, of the polyol component are used to prepare the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer. It is also possible within the scope of the present invention for further polyols to be used in the reaction according to step (ii).
- the process can be conducted in such a way that according to step (i) a prepolymer is obtained which preferably has an isocyanate (NCO) content of from 2% to 8%, more preferably from 2.5% to 7.5% , particularly preferably from 3% to 6.5%, in particular from 3 to 5.5% (hereinafter also referred to as variant 1 of the process).
- NCO isocyanate
- the determination of the isocyanate content is carried out according to Example 1.
- is used as isocyanate NDI more preferably according to this embodiment, in addition to NDI, another isocyanate used, for example MDI or TODI.
- NDI is used in combination with MDI.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a process as described above, wherein the components in the reaction according to step (i) are used in amounts such that the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) has an isocyanate (NCO) content of 2% to 8%.
- NCO isocyanate
- a prepolymer which preferably has an isocyanate (NCO) content of 8% to 22%, more preferably of 10% to 21%, more preferably from 12% to 20% (also referred to below as variant 2 of the procedure).
- NCO isocyanate
- the determination of the isocyanate content is carried out according to Example 1.
- the isocyanate MDI is used as the isocyanate MDI.
- a further isocyanate for example NDI.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the components in the reaction according to step (i) are used in amounts such that the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) has an isocyanate (NCO) content from 8% to 22%.
- NCO isocyanate
- the resulting prepolymer is then reacted according to step (ii) with the chain extender (KV), optionally further polyols or further chain extenders and optionally catalyst, optionally blowing agents and / or crosslinkers and optionally auxiliaries and / or additives, if they do not or only partially added in the first step can be added.
- the prepolymer obtained in step (i) in step (ii) is preferably reacted in amounts such that in this step the equivalent ratio of NCO groups to the sum of the reactive hydrogen atoms, 0.8: 1 to 1, 5: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 1, 3: 1 and in particular 1, 02: 1 to 1, 15: 1.
- a ratio of 1: 1 corresponds to one Isocyanate index of 100.
- the isocyanate index is understood as meaning the stoichiometric ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups multiplied by 100.
- the inventive method comprises on the one hand embodiments in which, according to step (i), by suitable choice of the amounts of the compounds used, a prepolymer is obtained which has an isocyanate (NCO) content of 2% to 8%.
- the reaction according to step (i) is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from 1 to 180 ° C. (variant 1).
- the present invention therefore also relates to a process as described above, wherein the components are used in amounts such that the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) has an isocyanate (NCO) content of 2% to 8%. Furthermore, according to a further embodiment, the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the reaction according to step (i) takes place at a temperature in the range from 1 10 to 180 ° C. (variant 1).
- the inventive method also includes embodiments in which, according to step (i), by suitable choice of the amounts of the compounds used, a prepolymer is obtained which has an isocyanate (NCO) content of 8% to 22%.
- the reaction according to step (i) is usually carried out at a temperature in the range from 40 to 110 ° C. (variant 2).
- the present invention therefore also relates to a process as described above, wherein the components are used in amounts such that the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) has an isocyanate (NCO) content of 8% to 22% , Furthermore, according to a further embodiment, the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the reaction according to step (i) takes place at a temperature in the range from 40 to 110 ° C. (variant 2).
- the polyol composition (ZP) contains a poly-e-caprolactone polyol based on a starter molecule selected from the group consisting of diols having a number average molecular weight in the range of 150 to 1500 g / mol, and contains o hydro-oo hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range of 0 to 1% by weight, based on the total polyol composition.
- the polyol composition (ZP) may contain further components, in particular further isocyanate-reactive substances, for example further polyols.
- Suitable polyols are known per se to the person skilled in the art. Suitable examples are polyetherpolyols, polyesterpolyols or polycarbonatepolyols. lyole. Usually, the polyol composition contains further polyols in an amount in the range of 0 to 5 wt .-% based on the total polyol composition (ZP).
- poly-e-caprolactone polyols which are based on a starter molecule which is selected from the group consisting of diols having a number-average molecular weight in the range from 150 to 1500 g / mol, in particular starter molecules selected from the group consisting from diols having a number average molecular weight in the range of 500 to 1200 g / mol.
- Suitable starter molecules are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable starter molecules for the purposes of the present invention are, for example, polyether polyols or polyester polyols, preferably polyether diols or polyester diols.
- long-chain polyether diols are suitable, such as, for example, hydro (O) -hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) -diols.
- the number-average molecular weights are obtained by determining the OH number. Unless otherwise indicated, molecular weight details of polymeric compounds refer to the number average molecular weight. Suitable measurement conditions are known to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable starter molecules are in particular selected from the group consisting of long-chain polyether diols having a number-average molecular weight in the range from 800 to 1200 g / mol, preferably 900 to 1100 g / mol.
- the present invention relates to a process as described above, wherein the poly-e-caprolactone polyol is obtainable or obtained by reacting ⁇ -caprolactone and a starter molecule selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -hydroxy-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) -diols, polyethylene glycols and polypropylenglykolen, preferably from the group consisting of a-hydro- ⁇ -hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) diols having a number average molecular weight in the range of 150 to 1500 g / mol, polyethylene glycols having a number average molecular weight in Range of 150 to 1500 g / mol and polypropylene glycols having a number average molecular weight in the range of 150 to 1500 g / mol.
- a starter molecule selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -hydroxy-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) -diols, polyethylene glycols and polypropyleng
- mixtures of different poly-e-caprolactone polyols for example mixtures of two or more poly-e-caprolactone polyols which differ in their number average molecular weight.
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the poly-e-caprolactone polyol has a number average molecular weight in the range of 1500 to 2500 g / mol.
- the isocyanate composition (ZI) contains one or more polyisocyanates. Suitable polyisocyanates are known per se to the person skilled in the art. Preferred isocyanates according to the invention are organic isocyanates, further preferred are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic isocyanates, more preferably diisocyanates.
- Preferred diisocyanates are tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- and / or octamethylene diisocyanate, 2-methyl-pentamethylene-diisocyanate-1, 5, 2-ethyl-butylene-diisocyanate-1, 4, pentamethylene-diisocyanate- 1, 5, butylene diisocyanate 1, 4, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl cyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1, 4 and / or 1, 3-bis ( isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1-methyl-2,4- and / or 2,6-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-, 2,4'- and / or 2,2 Dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 2,
- NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- PPDI p-phenyldiisocyanate
- TODI o-tolidinediisocyanate
- NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- PPDI p-phenyldiisocyanate
- TODI o-tolidinediisocyanate
- NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- PPDI p-phenyldiisocyanate
- TODI o-tolidinediisocyanate
- NDI 5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- the present invention also relates to a polyurethane elastomer as described above, wherein the polyisocyanate composition is an isocyanate selected from the group consisting of 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), p-phenyl diisocyanate ( PPDI), and o-tolidinediisocyanate (TODI) or mixtures thereof.
- NDI 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- PPDI p-phenyl diisocyanate
- TODI o-tolidinediisocyanate
- the present invention also relates to a process as described above, wherein the polyisocyanate composition contains 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI) in an amount ranging from 90 to 100% by weight, based on the total polyisocyanate composition. More preferably, the polyisocyanate composition consists of 1, 5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI).
- NDI 5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) is reacted according to step (ii) with a chain extender (KV).
- KV chain extender
- the present invention accordingly also relates to a process as described above, wherein in the reaction according to step (ii) further components selected from the group consisting of polyols, blowing agents containing water, chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents, catalysts and other aids and / or additives.
- propellants can be used according to the invention. These propellants may also contain water.
- generally well-known chemically and / or physically active compounds can additionally be used as blowing agents.
- Chemical blowing agents are compounds which form gaseous products by reaction with isocyanate, such as, for example, water or formic acid.
- Physical blowing agents are compounds which are dissolved or emulsified in the starting materials of the polyurethane preparation and evaporate under the conditions of polyurethane formation.
- Suitable blowing agents in the context of the present invention are, for example, low-boiling liquids which evaporate under the influence of the exothermic polyaddition reaction.
- Particularly suitable are liquids which are inert to the organic polyisocyanate and have boiling points below 100 ° C.
- liquids preferably used are halogenated, preferably fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as.
- methylene chloride and dichloromofluoromethane per- or partially fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as.
- trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, difluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane and heptafluoropropane hydrocarbons such.
- acetone, and / or fluorinated and / or perfluorinated tertiary Al kylamine, preferably z.
- blowing agent perfluoro-dimethyl-iso-propylamine.
- mixtures of these low-boiling liquids can be used with each other and / or with other substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbons.
- the most suitable amount of blowing agent to be used depends on the density that one wishes to achieve and on the amount of water preferably used. In general, suitable amounts are from 1% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably from 2% by weight to 1% by weight, based on the polyol composition (ZP).
- a mixture containing at least one of these blowing agents and water is used as the blowing agent, more preferably no physical blowing agents are used, and particular preference is given to using water as the sole blowing agent.
- the content of water in a preferred embodiment of 0.1 to 3 wt .-%, preferably 0.4 to 2.0 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.6 to 1, 5 wt .-%, based on the Polyol composition (ZP).
- hollow microspheres containing physical blowing agent can also be used in admixture with the abovementioned propellants.
- the hollow microspheres usually consist of a shell of thermoplastic polymer and are filled in the core with a liquid, low-boiling substance based on alkanes. The production of such hollow microspheres is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,615,972.
- the hollow microspheres generally have a diameter of 5 to 50 ⁇ m. Examples of suitable hollow microspheres are available from Akzo Nobel under the trade name Expancell® ®.
- the hollow microspheres are generally added in an amount of 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the polyols used.
- the blowing agent used is a mixture of microhol balls and water, wherein no further physical blowing agents are contained.
- water is also suitable as a chain extender in the context of the present invention.
- water can also be used as a chain extender, wherein the added water, taking into account the other starting materials, is used in an amount such that the NCO / OH ratio is between 0.85 and 1.30, more preferably between 0, 95 and 1, 20 lies.
- the index is defined by the molar ratio of the total isocyanate groups of the isocyanate composition (ZI) used in the reaction to the isocyanate-reactive groups, ie. H. the active hydrogens of the polyol composition and of the chain extender and of the water optionally used as blowing agent. "If necessary" in this context means that the chain extender is always taken into account when it is added. With a figure of 100, an isocyanate group has an active hydrogen atom, i. an isocyanate-reactive function.
- the amounts of water which can be suitably used are from 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight, preferably 0.3% by weight to 3.0% by weight, based on the weight of the relative to Polyol composition (ZP).
- chain extenders and / or crosslinkers in particular those having a molecular weight of less than 500 g / mol, preferably from 60 g / mol to 499 g / mol.
- These are preferably selected from the group of di- and / or trifunctional alcohols, di- to tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyols and alkyl-substituted aromatic diamines or mixtures of at least two of said chain extenders and / or crosslinkers.
- Crosslinker is used when more than two isocyanate-reactive groups are present in a molecule.
- Alkanediols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms are preferably used as chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents, preferably 2, 4 or 6 carbon atoms, more preferably ethanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 7-heptanediol, 1, 8-octanediol, 1, 9-nonanediol, 1, 10-decanediol and preferably 1, 4-butanediol.
- chain extenders and / or crosslinking agents are dialkylene glycols having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably diethylene glycol and dipropylene glycol and / or di-, tri or tetrafunctional polyoxyalkylene polyols.
- chain extenders and / or crosslinkers are branched-chain and / or unsaturated alkanediols preferably having not more than 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1, 2-propanediol, 2-methyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butyl 2-ethylpropanediol-1,3-buten-2-diol-1,4-butan-2-diol-1,4-diester of terephthalic acid with glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably terephthalic acid-bis-ethylene glycol or -butanediol 1,4-hydroxyalkylene ethers of hydroquinone or resorcinol, such as preferably 1,4-di- ( ⁇ -hydroxyethyl) -hydroquinone or 1,3-di- ( ⁇ -hydroxyethyl) -resorcinol, alkanolamines having 2 to 12 carbon atoms
- higher functional crosslinkers are, for example, and preferably tri- and higher functional alcohols, such. Glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol and trihydroxycyclohexanes as well as trialkanolamines, e.g. Called triethanolamine.
- chain extenders and / or crosslinkers are alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines having molecular weights preferably from 122 g / mol to 400 g / mol, in particular primary aromatic diamines having at least one alkyl substituent ortho to the amino groups, which has the reactivity of the amino group with steric Hinder, which are liquid at room temperature and at least partially, but preferably completely miscible with the other components of the polyol composition (ZP) under the processing conditions.
- steric Hinder which are liquid at room temperature and at least partially, but preferably completely miscible with the other components of the polyol composition (ZP) under the processing conditions.
- alkyl-substituted aromatic polyamines in admixture with the abovementioned low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols, preferably dihydric and / or trihydric alcohols or dialkylene glycols.
- Chain extenders preferably used in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of water, diols having a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 500 g / mol, triols having a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 500 g / mol, and diamines having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol. More preferred chain extenders are selected from the group consisting of water, diols having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / mol, triols having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / mol, and diamines having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / mol.
- the present invention also relates to a method as described above, wherein the chain extender (KV) is selected from the group consisting of water, diols having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol, triols having a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 500 g / mol, and diamines having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol.
- the chain extender (KV) is selected from the group consisting of water, diols having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol, triols having a molecular weight in the range from 50 to 500 g / mol, and diamines having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol.
- the amounts of the individual components used can vary. Suitable amounts for the preparation of polyurethane elastomers are known per se to the person skilled in the art.
- the polyol composition and the isocyanate composition or the chain extender are used in suitable amounts.
- further compounds can be used in the reaction.
- a catalyst can be added. This catalyst is added in the two-step process of reacting a prepolymer with water.
- the catalyst can be present individually or as a mixture of several catalysts.
- the catalyst is an organometallic compounds, such as tin (II) salt of organic carboxylic acids, preferably tin (II) dioctoate, tin (II) dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate and dibutyltin dilaurate, other organometallic compounds are bismuth salts, preferably bismuth ( III) neodecanoate, bismuth 2-ethylhexanoate and bismuth octanoate, or the catalyst is a tertiary amine such as tetra-methylethylenediamine, N-methylmorpholine, diethylbenzylamine, triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, diazabicyclooctane, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dimethylpiperazine, N-methyl, N '- (4-N-dimethylamino) butylpiperazine, N, N, N', N "
- catalysts Similar substances can also be used as catalysts.
- Further preferred catalysts are amidines, preferably, for example, 2,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, tris (dialkylaminoalkyl) -s-hexahydrotriazines, in particular tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides , Preferred, for example, tetramethylammonium hydroxide.
- amidines preferably, for example, 2,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine
- tris (dialkylaminoalkyl) -s-hexahydrotriazines in particular tris (N, N-dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides , Preferred, for example, t
- Further preferred catalysts are N-methyl-N-dimethylaminoethylpiperazine and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and also aromatic alkali metal carboxylates, alkali metal hydroxides, preferably e.g. Sodium hydroxide, and alkali alcoholates, preferably e.g. Sodium methylate and potassium isopropylate, and alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids having 10 to 20 C atoms and optionally side OH groups.
- alkali metal hydroxides preferably e.g. Sodium hydroxide
- alkali alcoholates preferably e.g. Sodium methylate and potassium isopropylate
- alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids having 10 to 20 C atoms and optionally side OH groups.
- the catalysts are preferably used in amounts of from 0.0001 parts by weight to 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight, based on the polyol composition (ZP).
- the catalyst is preferably used in amounts of from 0.001% by weight to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the prepolymer.
- auxiliaries and / or additives can be used.
- Auxiliary substances and / or additives are present as a single substance or as a mixture of at least two auxiliaries and / or additives. Mention may be made, for example, of surface-active substances, fillers, flame retardants, nucleating agents, oxidation stabilizers, lubricants and mold release agents, dyes and pigments, optionally stabilizers, preferably against hydrolysis, light, heat or discoloration, inorganic and / or organic fillers, reinforcing agents and / or or plasticizer.
- Stabilizers in the context of the present invention are additives which protect a plastic or a plastic mixture against harmful environmental influences.
- Examples are primary and secondary antioxidants, hindered amine light stabilizers, UV absorbers, hydrolysis protectors, quenchers and flame retardants. Examples of commercial stabilizers are given in Plastics Additive Handbook, 5th Edition, H. Zweifel, ed., Hanser Publishers, Kunststoff, 2001 ([1]), p.98-p.136.
- Suitable surface-active substances are, for example, compounds which serve to assist the homogenization of the starting materials and, if appropriate, are also suitable for regulating the cell structure.
- emulsifiers for example the sodium salts of castor oil sulfates or of fatty acids and salts of fatty acids with amines, for example oleic diethylamine, diethanolamine stearate, ricinoleic diethanolamine, salts of sulfonic acids, for example alkali metal or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzene or dinaphthylmethanedisulfonic acid and ricinoleic acid;
- Foam stabilizers such as siloxane-oxalkylene Copolymers and other organosiloxanes, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, paraffin oils, castor oil or Ricinolklareester, Turkish red oil and peanut oil and cell regulators, such
- oligomeric polyacrylates having polyoxyalkylene and fluoroalkane radicals as side groups are also suitable.
- the surface-active substances are usually used in amounts of from 0.01 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight, based on the polyol composition (ZP).
- Fillers are the conventional, customary organic and inorganic fillers, reinforcing agents and weighting agents.
- specific examples include: inorganic fillers such as silicate minerals, for example phyllosilicates such as antigorite, serpentine, hornblende, amphibole, chrysotile, talc; Metal oxides, such as kaolin, aluminum oxides, aluminum silicate, titanium oxides and iron oxides, metal salts such as chalk, barite and inorganic pigments, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide and glass particles.
- Suitable organic fillers are, for example: carbon black, melamine, expandable graphite, rosin, cyclopentadienyl resins, graft polyols and graft polymers.
- reinforcing fillers preferably find use fibers, such as carbon fibers or glass fibers, especially when a high heat resistance or very high stiffness is required, the fibers may be equipped with adhesion promoters and / or sizing.
- the inorganic and organic fillers may be used singly or as mixtures and are usually added to the reaction mixture in amounts of from 0.5% to 50%, preferably from 1% to 30%, by weight the polyol composition (ZP) and the isocyanate composition (ZI) was added.
- Suitable flame retardants are, for example, tricresyl phosphate, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate, tris (1, 3-dichloropropyl) phosphate, tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate and tetrakis ( 2-chloroethyl) ethylene diphosphate.
- inorganic flame retardants such as red phosphorus, aluminum oxide hydrate, antimony trioxide, arsenic trioxide, ammonium polyphosphate and calcium sulfate or cyanuric acid derivatives such as melamine or mixtures of at least two flame retardants such as ammonium phosphates and melamine and optionally starch and / or expandable graphite for flameproofing the polyurethane elastomers produced according to the invention.
- talc calcium fluoride, sodium phenylphosphinate, alumina and finely divided polytetrafluoroethylene may be used in amounts of up to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the polyol composition (ZP) and the isocyanate composition (ZI).
- Suitable antioxidants and heat stabilizers which may be added to the polyurethane elastomers of the present invention are, for example, Group I periodic halides of the periodic system, e.g. Sodium, potassium, lithium halides, optionally in combination with copper (I) halides, e.g. Chlorides, bromides or iodides, sterically hindered phenols, hydroquinones, and substituted compounds of these groups and mixtures thereof, preferably used in concentrations up to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the polyol composition (ZP) and the isocyanate composition (ZI) become.
- Group I periodic halides of the periodic system e.g. Sodium, potassium, lithium halides
- copper (I) halides e.g. Chlorides, bromides or iodides, sterically hindered phenols, hydroquinones, and substituted compounds of these groups and mixtures thereof, preferably used in concentrations up to 1% by weight, based on
- hydrolysis protectants are various substituted carbodiimides, such as preferably 2,2 ', 6,6'-tetraisopropyldiphenyl-carbodiimide or carbodiimides based on 1,3-bis (1-methyl-1-isocyanato-ethyl) -benzene such as, for example in DE 19821668 A1, US Pat. No. 6,184,410, DE 10004328 A1, US Pat. No. 6,730,807, EP 0 940 389 B1 or US Pat. No. 5,498,747, which are generally available in quantities of up to 4.0% by weight, preferably 1.5% by weight. % to 2.5% by weight, based on the weight of the polyol composition (ZP) and the isocyanate composition (ZI).
- ZP polyol composition
- ZI isocyanate composition
- Lubricants and mold release agents which are also usually added in amounts of up to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the polyol composition (ZP) and the isocyanate composition (ZI), are stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid esters and amides and the fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol.
- organic dyes such as nigrosine, pigments such as e.g. Titanium dioxide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium sulfide selenide, phthalocyanines, ultramarine blue or carbon black.
- auxiliaries and additives mentioned above can be found in the specialist literature, e.g. from Plastics Additive Handbook, 5th edition, H. Zweifel, ed, Hanser Publishers, Kunststoff, 2001, p.98-p.136.
- the method according to the invention may comprise further steps, for example shaping steps, wherein moldings according to the invention are obtained.
- the shaped bodies according to the invention are produced, for example, by means of the low-pressure technique in closed, suitably tempered molds.
- the molds are usually made of metal, eg aluminum or steel.
- the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer and the other components are preferably mixed at a temperature of 15 to 110 ° C. Subsequently, the reaction mixture, optionally under elevated pressure, is introduced into the mold. The mixing can be carried out mechanically by means of a stirrer or a stirring screw.
- the mold temperature is expediently 20 to 160 ° C, preferably 40 to 120 ° C, particularly preferably 70 to 1 10 ° C.
- the mixture of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymers, of the chain extender, of the blowing agent and of the further components optionally present at reaction conversions of less than 90%, based on the isocyanate groups of the prepolymer component is referred to as the reaction mixture.
- the amount of reaction mixture introduced into the mold is such that the desired molding density is obtained.
- the amount of system used is chosen so that a compression factor of preferably 1, 1 to 8, particularly preferably 1, 4 to 5 and in particular 1, 4 to 3 is obtained.
- the microcellular polyurethane elastomer is preferably placed in a mold in which it hardens.
- molds which are the negative of the moldings generally conventional molds come into question, for example metal molds, and because of their shape and composition ensure the three-dimensional shape of the moldings according to the invention.
- the surface temperature of the inner mold wall is preferably 40 ° C to 105 ° C, more preferably 50 ° C to 95 ° C.
- the production of the molded parts is preferably carried out at an NCO / OH ratio of 0.85 to 1.20, wherein the heated starting components are mixed and brought in an amount corresponding to the desired molding density in a heated, preferably tightly closing mold. The moldings are cured after 2 minutes to 60 minutes and thus demoulded.
- reaction mixture can also be foamed freely, for example in troughs or on a belt, to polyurethane foams.
- the moldings are preferably tempered, for example for a period of 1 to 48 hours at temperatures of 70.degree. C. to 140.degree.
- the present invention also relates to a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained by a process comprising at least steps (i) and (ii):
- the polyurethane elastomers may be compact or microcellular.
- the present invention also relates to a polyurethane elastomer as described above, wherein the polyurethane elastomer is microcellular.
- an NCO content of the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) of 2 to 8% (variant 1) or according to an alternative embodiment of 8 to 22% (variant 2) leads to polyurethane elastomers that have good property profiles.
- microcellular polyurethane elastomers according to the invention have a density according to DIN EN ISO 845 of 0.1 ⁇ 10 3 kg / m 3 to 1.2 ⁇ 10 3 kg / m 3 , preferably 0.2 ⁇ 10 3 kg / m 3 to 0.8 x 10 3 kg / m 3 , preferably with a tensile strength according to DIN EN ISO 1798 of more than 2 N / mm 2 , preferably 2 N / mm 2 to 8 N / mm 2 , an elongation according to DIN EN ISO 1798 of more than 300%, preferably 300% to 700% and a tear strength according to DIN ISO 34, B (b) of more than 8 N / mm, preferably 8 N / mm to 25 N / mm.
- preferred microcellular polyurethane elastomers have, for example, a diameter of the cells of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm.
- microcellular polyurethane elastomers according to the invention preferably have a glass transition temperature of less than -40 ° C., particularly preferably less than -55 ° C., and particularly preferably a compression set (at 80 ° C.) based on DIN EN ISO 1856 of less than 25%.
- the present invention encompasses various embodiments which are distinguished, for example, by the production process and the properties of the resulting polyurethanes. For example, by adjusting a different isocyanate index during production, different density materials can be obtained.
- the present invention comprises embodiments in which the polyurethane elastomer has a density in the range from 0.12 to 0.8 kg / m 3 according to DIN EN ISO 845.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a polyurethane elastomer as described above or a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained by a process as described above for producing a shaped article.
- the present invention also relates to moldings, preferably a damping element, a shock absorber or a stop buffer, which are made of a polyurethane according to the present invention or contain a polyurethane elastomer according to the invention.
- Preferred shaped bodies are, for example, a damping element, a shock absorber or bump stop, for vehicle construction, preferably aircraft construction, watercraft construction or land vehicle construction, particularly preferred for land vehicle construction, preferably as additional springs, bump stop, wishbone bearing, rear axle bearing, stabilizer bearing, longitudinal strut bearing, Suspension strut support bearing, shock absorber bearing, bearing for wishbones and / or as spare wheel located on the rim, which causes, for example in a puncture, that the vehicle continues to drive and remains controllable.
- a damping element preferably aircraft construction, watercraft construction or land vehicle construction, particularly preferred for land vehicle construction, preferably as additional springs, bump stop, wishbone bearing, rear axle bearing, stabilizer bearing, longitudinal strut bearing, Suspension strut support bearing, shock absorber bearing, bearing for wishbones and / or as spare wheel located on the rim, which causes, for example in a puncture, that the vehicle continues to drive and remains controllable.
- the present invention also relates to the use of a polyurethane elastomer as described above or a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained by a process as described above for the production of a shaped body, wherein the molded body preferably a damping element, shock absorber or bump stop or a part of a Shoe or a shoe sole, for example an insole or midsole, is.
- the shoe soles or shoe sole parts for example by cutting, punching, shelling and / or thermoforming, optionally together with other materials, such as optionally further polyurethane foams or ethylene vinyl acetate, are formed.
- the polyurethane shoe soles according to the invention are preferably used as a midsole, for example for street shoes, sports shoes, sandals and boots.
- the polyurethane shoe soles according to the invention are used as a midsole for sports shoes.
- a shoe sole according to the invention also comprises shoe sole parts, for example heel parts or ball parts.
- shoe soles according to the invention can be used as insoles or comb soles.
- An inventive method leads to polyurethane shoe soles with excellent mechanical properties.
- the polyurethane shoe soles according to the invention show a high resilience at high hardness and low density.
- the resulting polyurethane shoe soles can be thermoformed. Furthermore, recycling of the produced polyurethane shoe soles by melting and thermoplastic processing, for example together with thermoplastic polyurethane, is possible. Finally, the use of hybrid materials is advantageous. In this case, a polyurethane element according to a method of the invention with other materials, such as EVA, combined so that a structure is obtained, in which one or more layers consisting of the polyurethane of the invention under /, or between layers of other materials is / are.
- Polyurethane shoe soles in the sense of the invention include one-piece shoe soles, so-called combination soles, midsoles, insoles or shoe sole parts, such as heel parts or ball parts. Insoles are understood to mean inserts for the forefoot, inserts over the entire foot or footbeds. Furthermore, shoe soles in the sense of the invention comprise polyurethane hybrid shoe soles which, in addition to the polyurethane according to the invention, contain further materials, such as further polyurethanes and / or ethylene vinyl acetate.
- the polyurethane shoe soles according to the invention are outer soles, midsoles or sole parts, such as heel parts, ball parts, inserts for the forefoot, inserts over the entire foot or footbeds.
- the polyurethane shoe soles according to the invention typically have a density of 100 to 350 g / L, preferably 120 to 280 g / L and particularly preferably 130 to less than 250 g / L and in particular 150 to 220 g / L.
- the density of the polyurethane shoe sole is to be understood here as the average density over the entire foam, i. for integral foams, this information refers to the average density of the entire foam, including core and outer layer.
- Other materials besides the polyurethane according to the invention, for example in hybrid shoe soles, are not used to determine the density.
- the advantages of the polyurethane elastomers according to the invention and of the molded articles obtained therefrom are, for example, a very low dynamic stiffening, extremely high resilience and a very low damping (loss angle).
- FIG. 1 shows the schematic test setup for determining the stiffening factor.
- the sample body (1) is inserted between a test adapter at the top (2) and a test adapter at the bottom (3).
- Figure 2 shows the result of the measurement during compression of the material.
- the force over the path (FIG. 2a) and the derivative as stiffness over path (FIG. 2b) are shown.
- Figure 2a shows the static characteristic curve, where the path (in mm) is plotted on the x-axis, and the force (in kN) on the y-axis. Only the ascending branch is considered.
- Figure 2b shows the first derivative of the course of the static characteristic. Shown is the stiffness (y-axis, in kN / mm) over the path (x-axis, in mm).
- Figure 3 shows the dynamic modulus (y-axis, in kN / mm) versus frequency (x-axis, in Hz).
- a process for producing a polyurethane elastomer at least comprising
- poly- ⁇ -caprolactone polyol is obtainable or obtained by reacting ⁇ -caprolactone and a starter molecule selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -hydro- ⁇ -hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) - diols, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols.
- polyol composition (ZP) contains the ⁇ -hydroxy- ⁇ -hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyol in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the polyol composition.
- polyisocyanate composition (ZI) is an isocyanate selected from the group consisting of 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), p-phenyl diisocyanate (PPDI) and o-tolidinediisocyanates (TODI), or mixtures thereof.
- NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- PPDI p-phenyl diisocyanate
- TODI o-tolidinediisocyanates
- chain extender is selected from the group consisting of water, diols having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol, triols having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / moles and diamines having a molecular weight in the range of 50 to 500 g / mol.
- a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained by a process for producing a polyurethane elastomer, comprising at least steps (i) and (ii):
- step (i) Reaction of the prepolymer obtained according to step (i) with at least one chain extender (KV), wherein the polyol composition (ZP) a-hydro-oo-hydroxypoly (oxytetramethylene) polyols in an amount in the range of 0 to 1 wt .-% based to the entire polyol composition.
- KV chain extender
- a polyurethane elastomer obtainable or obtained according to a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12 or a polyurethane elastomer according to any one of embodiments 13 to 15 for producing a molded article. 17.
- the shaped body is a damping element, a shock absorber or bump stop or a part of a shoe or a shoe sole, for example an insole or midsole.
- Polyol 1 Polycaprolactone polyol, started with pTHF1000 with an OH number of about 56 (MW: about 2000), obtained from Perstorp
- Polyol 4 Polycaprolactonpolyol, started with neopentyl glycol having an OH number of about 56 (MW: about 2000), obtained from BASF
- Polyol 5 polytetrahydrofuran (pTHF; polytetramethylene ether glycol, PTMEG) having an OH number of about 1 12 (MW: about 1000), based on BASF Polyol 6 polycaprolactone, started with neopentyl glycol having an OH number of about 56 (MW: ca 2000 ), from Perstorp
- One or more polymer polyols were heated to 140 ° C and mixed at this temperature with a diisocyanate with vigorous stirring.
- the exact quantities of the compounds used are given in Table 1 a to 1 d.
- polyurethane elastomers of the invention have a good combination of properties.
- polyurethane elastomers have to have a Tan d at RT of greater than 0.015 and a Tan d at 30 ° C of greater than 0.15, in addition to a stiffening factor at 100 Hz of greater than 1.8.
- Polyol 1 (weight 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
- a cylindrical specimen with the dimensions 035 x 27 (in mm) is produced as a final specimen.
- This cylindrical specimen is cut out of a pre-foamed Cellastoblock with the dimensions 210 x 1 x 10 x 30 (in mm), by means of water steel.
- This cylindrical specimen is placed between two equally cylindrical aluminum adapter plates and thrust twice with a force of 4329, 5N and a travel speed of 30mm / min ( Figure 1).
- the setting cycles are intended to simulate a material-related setting in time-lapse.
- the sample body is precompressed by 30% of the sample height at a travel speed of 10 mm / min.
- the material shows a progressive characteristic during compression and at 30% compression a nearly linear area is observed ( Figure 2). This area is often sought in component design as well.
- the last cycle, called measuring cycle, is recorded and the evaluation shows the force over the path (left diagram) and the derivative as stiffness over path (right diagram).
- a mean value is formed over the way of the two branches.
- the sample body is measured dynamically.
- a preload is approached, which is read in advance for each measurement in a static travel 8.1 mm (which corresponds to 30% of the sample height).
- the stiffening value is determined at 100Hz.
- the stiffening factor is the quotient of the dynamic stiffness to the static stiffness. This always results in a value> 1.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
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KR1020197013152A KR20190077391A (ko) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | 저 댐핑 폴리우레탄 엘라스토머 |
JP2019524429A JP2019536863A (ja) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | 低減衰性ポリウレタンエラストマー |
EP17803862.6A EP3538579A1 (de) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | Polyurethanelastomer mit niedriger dämpfung |
US16/347,011 US20190270841A1 (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | Low-damping polyurethane elastomer |
CN201780070408.8A CN109952332A (zh) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | 低阻尼的聚氨酯弹性体 |
BR112019008689A BR112019008689A2 (pt) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | método para preparar um elastômero de poliuretano, elastômero de poliuretano e método de utilização de um elastômero de poliuretano |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP16198631.0 | 2016-11-14 | ||
EP16198631 | 2016-11-14 |
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WO2018087387A1 true WO2018087387A1 (de) | 2018-05-17 |
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PCT/EP2017/079179 WO2018087387A1 (de) | 2016-11-14 | 2017-11-14 | Polyurethanelastomer mit niedriger dämpfung |
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US (1) | US20190270841A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3538579A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2019536863A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20190077391A (de) |
CN (1) | CN109952332A (de) |
BR (1) | BR112019008689A2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018087387A1 (de) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2021113329A (ja) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-08-05 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | ポリウレタン発泡体とバット |
WO2022128825A1 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Basf Polyurethanes Gmbh | ENTKOPPLUNGSBUCHSE AUF DER BASIS EINES GIEßELASTOMERS |
WO2022161754A1 (de) | 2021-01-26 | 2022-08-04 | Basf Polyurethanes Gmbh | GEGOSSENES BAUTEIL DAS GRÖßER IST ALS DIE GUSSFORM |
AT525745A4 (de) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-07-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Zwischenlage |
EP4265407A1 (de) | 2022-04-20 | 2023-10-25 | Basf Se | Wärmedämmverbundmaterial |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP7309691B2 (ja) | 2017-09-13 | 2023-07-18 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 三軸圧縮によるオーセチックポリウレタン及びメラミン発泡体 |
DE102017223107A1 (de) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-19 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kraftfahrzeug |
CN112297467A (zh) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-02-02 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | 一种帽型长桁加筋壁板制造的工艺方法 |
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- 2017-11-14 US US16/347,011 patent/US20190270841A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021113329A (ja) * | 2018-07-17 | 2021-08-05 | 株式会社イノアックコーポレーション | ポリウレタン発泡体とバット |
WO2022128825A1 (de) | 2020-12-18 | 2022-06-23 | Basf Polyurethanes Gmbh | ENTKOPPLUNGSBUCHSE AUF DER BASIS EINES GIEßELASTOMERS |
WO2022161754A1 (de) | 2021-01-26 | 2022-08-04 | Basf Polyurethanes Gmbh | GEGOSSENES BAUTEIL DAS GRÖßER IST ALS DIE GUSSFORM |
AT525745A4 (de) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-07-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Zwischenlage |
AT525745B1 (de) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-07-15 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding Gmbh | Zwischenlage |
EP4261347A1 (de) | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-18 | Getzner Werkstoffe Holding GmbH | Zwischenlage |
EP4265407A1 (de) | 2022-04-20 | 2023-10-25 | Basf Se | Wärmedämmverbundmaterial |
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US20190270841A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
EP3538579A1 (de) | 2019-09-18 |
JP2019536863A (ja) | 2019-12-19 |
KR20190077391A (ko) | 2019-07-03 |
BR112019008689A2 (pt) | 2019-07-09 |
CN109952332A (zh) | 2019-06-28 |
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