WO2018070302A1 - 電池用集電体および電池 - Google Patents
電池用集電体および電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018070302A1 WO2018070302A1 PCT/JP2017/035964 JP2017035964W WO2018070302A1 WO 2018070302 A1 WO2018070302 A1 WO 2018070302A1 JP 2017035964 W JP2017035964 W JP 2017035964W WO 2018070302 A1 WO2018070302 A1 WO 2018070302A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated metal foil, and more particularly to a battery current collector suitable for a lithium ion secondary battery and the like, and a battery comprising this current collector.
- LiB lithium ion secondary batteries
- the electrolytic foil surface is obtained by performing electrolytic plating using a plating bath containing a nickel salt and an ammonium salt on at least one surface of an electrolytic foil made of a metal material having a low lithium compound forming ability.
- a technique for forming a hard nickel plating layer has been proposed.
- a copper foil used as a negative electrode current collector is subjected to nickel plating with little residual stress of copper, thereby suppressing generation of copper sulfide and having excellent conductivity.
- a technique of providing the above is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above only disclose the technical idea of multilayering using a nickel film, and a specific structure between layers for realizing a high strength as described above. No disclosure until.
- the present invention has been made in view of solving such problems, and a current collector for a battery having sufficient strength to suppress tearing and tearing during manufacturing, which is a concern with the reduction in thickness. And a battery comprising the current collector for the battery.
- a battery current collector includes: (1) a first metal layer containing at least a metal selected from Cu, Fe, and Ni; and the first metal layer. At least a second metal layer that is different from the first metal layer and includes at least a metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, and Ni. The first metal layer and the second metal layer The roughness at the laminated interface is Ra ⁇ 0.12.
- the roughness at the laminated interface further satisfies Ry ⁇ 0.1.
- the roughness at the laminated interface is Rz ⁇ 0.4.
- the first metal layer is preferably Ni and the second metal layer is preferably Cu.
- the first metal layer is sandwiched between the second metal layers, and the thickness of the battery current collector is It is preferably 4 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the first metal layer is preferably Fe and the second metal layer is preferably Ni.
- the first metal layer is sandwiched between the second metal layers, and the thickness of the battery current collector is It is preferably 4 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the measured surface area to the surface area of the measurement visual field at the stack interface is S, and the interface at the stack interface
- the interface at the stack interface it is preferable that the interface roughness index (Ra / S) ⁇ 0.06.
- a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the battery current collector described in any one of (1) to (8) above.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery C and its components according to the present embodiment.
- the battery C of the present embodiment is a lithium ion secondary battery adopting a so-called cell structure, and includes at least a positive electrode 1, a separator 2, a negative electrode 3, and an electrolyte solution (not shown). Yes.
- the battery C will be described below by taking a lithium ion secondary battery as an example.
- the battery of the present invention is not limited to a lithium ion secondary battery.
- other secondary batteries such as nickel metal hydride and lead acid batteries, manganese You may apply to primary batteries, such as a battery.
- the positive electrode 1 is a lithium ion supply source, and is generally composed of a current collector and an active material applied on the current collector.
- a suitable current collector for the positive electrode is exemplified by an aluminum foil that is electrochemically stable in a high potential environment among conductive metals.
- suitable active materials of the positive electrode various known active materials are applicable, for example, layered oxide or the like LiMO 2, spinel, such as LiM 2 O 4, Li 2 MO 3 -LiMO 2
- a solid solution system such as
- Separator 2 separates positive electrode 1 and negative electrode 3 without hindering the passage of lithium ions in the electrolyte.
- separator 2 various known materials can be applied, and examples thereof include polyolefin nonwoven fabrics such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- the electrolytic solution (electrolyte) is responsible for ion migration between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 3.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited and includes, for example, may be used ethylene carbonate and various known electrolytic solution such as an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 dialkyl carbonate in the solvent mixture.
- the negative electrode 3 is composed of a current collector and an active material, like the positive electrode 1.
- a suitable current collector for the negative electrode for example, a copper foil is applicable.
- the active material of the negative electrode a solid carbon material is suitable, and more specifically, amorphous carbon such as hard carbon and soft carbon, three-dimensional crystalline carbon such as diamond and graphite, nanotube and fullerene, etc. A nanocarbon material or the like may be used.
- the negative electrode 3 of the battery C is configured to include a current collector, and in this embodiment, a plurality of metal layers are stacked as described below. That is, as shown in the figure, the current collector 30 ⁇ / b> A as the battery negative electrode current collector includes the first metal layer 31, the second metal layer 32, and the third metal layer 33.
- the total thickness of the current collector 30A is 4 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 4 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the thickness exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the design philosophy is not satisfied in the first place because of the aim of increasing the capacity by reducing the thickness, and further, the cost advantage of the known rolled foil is reduced.
- the thickness is less than 4 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult not only to have a sufficient strength against the influence accompanying charging / discharging, but also the handling property at the time of manufacture is remarkably deteriorated.
- a Cu foil with a carrier for use in a flexible printed circuit board or the like requires a carrier and a support, which increases the cost.
- the upper limit thickness is preferably 10 ⁇ m.
- the upper limit thickness is preferably 20 ⁇ m.
- the first metal layer 31 includes at least a metal selected from Cu, Fe and Ni.
- the metal layer in this embodiment is not limited to the above-described form of a single metal (for example, Ni simple substance, Cu simple substance or Fe simple substance), but an alloy (for example, Ni alloy, Cu alloy or Fe alloy) containing these metals. It may be.
- the thickness of the first metal layer 31 is, for example, 1 to 10 ⁇ m as long as it does not exceed the thickness of the entire current collector 30A.
- Cu mentioned above as a 1st metal plating layer is Cu plating layer which does not add various brighteners using a known copper sulfate plating bath. (For convenience, it is also referred to as “matte Cu plating layer”) or a glossy Cu plating layer to which an additive such as the above-mentioned brightener (including a brightener for semi-gloss) is further added.
- gloss or matte depends on visual appearance evaluation, and is difficult to classify with a strict numerical value, and may change depending on other parameters such as a bath temperature described later. Therefore, “gloss” and “matte” used in the present embodiment are definitions when attention is paid to the parameter of the additive (gloss agent).
- the second metal layer 32, the third metal layer 33,... are sequentially stacked from the first metal layer 31, so that the first metal layer 31 is the first. Located in the lower layer.
- the order of stacking described above is an example, and the stacking order is not limited to the stacking order in ascending order, and the stacking order may be in descending order.
- the first metal layer 31 is not necessarily positioned as the outermost layer.
- a different metal layer for example, the second metal layer 32 or a layer made of another metal
- the above-described different metal layers may be separately provided on the upper side of the first metal layer 31.
- the description will be continued by taking as an example a form in which each metal layer is laminated in ascending order.
- the second metal layer 32 is laminated on the first metal layer 31 and is configured to include at least a metal selected from Cu, Fe and Ni, which is a metal different from the first metal layer 31.
- the thickness of the second metal layer 32 is, for example, 1 to 10 ⁇ m as long as it does not exceed the total thickness of the current collector 30A.
- the above-mentioned Cu as the second metal plating layer should be a glossy Cu plating layer or a matte Cu plating layer. Can do.
- one of the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32 may contain Ni. Therefore, for example, when the first metal layer 31 is Cu, the second metal layer 32 is Ni. When the first metal layer 31 is Ni, the second metal layer 32 is, for example, Cu. At this time, the ratio of the thickness of Ni to the thickness of the negative electrode current collector may be 50% or less.
- the second metal layer 32 may be Fe.
- the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32 in the present embodiment can be exemplified by combinations shown in the following Table 1.
- a different metal layer may be further provided on the lower side of the first metal layer 31, and a different metal layer may be further provided on the upper side of the second metal layer 32 as described above. (The same applies to the following).
- these metals include alloys.
- the third metal layer 33 is formed on the second metal layer 32.
- the thickness of the third metal layer 33 is, for example, 1 to 8 ⁇ m as long as it does not exceed the total thickness of the current collector 30A.
- the third metal layer 33 is not essential and may have a two-layer structure of the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32.
- the third metal layer 33 is formed of the same type of material as the first metal layer 31 described above.
- the first metal layer 31 and the third metal layer 33 are the same kind of metal layer or metal plating layer.
- the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and the first metal layer 31 and the third metal layer 33 are not limited thereto. May be made of different types of metals. In this case, for example, combinations shown in the following Table 3 can be exemplified. As described above, these metals include alloys.
- the current collector 30A of the present embodiment has a form in which a plurality of metal layers are stacked.
- the stacking of the plurality of metal layers is also disclosed in the above-described patent document.
- the present inventors examined a laminated foil composed of different metal plating layers as a battery current collector, and even when the combination of metals, total thickness, and thickness composition ratio were the same, It has been found that the tensile strength of the final metal laminated foil varies considerably depending on the laminated structure.
- FIG. 5 shows a graph of tensile strength for a characteristic example of a laminated material of a Cu layer and a Ni layer from Examples and Comparative Examples described later.
- the graphs of Comparative Example 4 and Example 5 are referred to.
- the thickness of the Cu layer is 14 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the Ni layer is 6 ⁇ m
- the total thickness as a laminated material is 20 ⁇ m.
- the Ni layer is plated on the Cu layer (Comparative Example 4) and conversely when the Cu layer is plated on the Ni layer (Example 5)
- the latter has a tensile strength of more than 30%. Get higher.
- Comparative Example 2 has a total thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a laminated material, of which the Ni layer has a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 2 has a two-layer structure in which a Ni layer is plated to a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on a 10 ⁇ m Cu layer, whereas in Example 20, a Ni layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m is formed on a Cu layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m. And a Cu layer with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m is further plated thereon.
- the total thickness of the Cu layer was the same at 10 ⁇ m, but the tensile strength was found to differ by 20% or more.
- Example 36 has a five-layer configuration in which Ni layers and Cu layers are alternately provided on the Cu layer, and the total thickness ratio of the Ni layer having higher tensile strength than the Cu layer is obtained. 40%.
- the total thickness ratio of the Ni layer is slightly lower than 50% of Comparative Example 2
- the tensile strength is 20% or more higher than that of Comparative Example 2 having a two-layer structure.
- the present inventors have realized a high-strength laminated metal foil at a high level with respect to such a difference in the tensile strength of the laminated metal foil. In order to achieve this, it is important to have an optimum roughness between metal layers. Note that the roughness measured in this embodiment is a value measured by a measurement method based on the JISB0601-1994 standard.
- the roughness at the lamination interface between the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32 is Ra (arithmetic average roughness) ⁇ 0.12. It is important to be. Thereby, the strength (tensile strength) higher than the theoretical strength calculated by the composite law of the composite material can be realized. Although the physical mechanism related to this effect is not completely elucidated, it is presumed that the crystal grain level irregularities at the stacking interface influence the dislocations in the material deformation.
- Examples of methods for controlling roughness such as Ra and Ry (maximum height) and Rz (ten-point average roughness) described later include (a) plating thickness (energization amount), (b) bath temperature of the plating bath. , (C) the plating bath current density, (d) the bath composition (additive: with or without brightener), and (e) the Cu, Ni, or Fe ion concentrations in the plating bath. It is possible to do. Among these, below, an example in which (a) and (d) are controlled to adjust the roughness such as Ra to a target value will be shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and the above-described roughness using other parameters is shown. May be adjusted to the target value.
- the roughness at the interface between the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32 is not necessarily Ra ⁇ 0.12, and the second metal layer 32 is not necessarily required.
- the roughness of the interface between any one of the layers such as the interface between the first metal layer 33 and the third metal layer 33 may be Ra ⁇ 0.12. This also applies to other Ry, Rz, and interface roughness index.
- the roughness at the laminated interface between the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32 is Ry ⁇ 0.1 among the roughness at the laminated interface. In the present embodiment, it is desirable that the roughness at the lamination interface between the first metal layer 31 and the second metal layer 32 is Rz ⁇ 0.4 among the roughness at the lamination interface.
- the roughness at the laminated interface of the present embodiment is not limited to Ra, Ry, and Rz described above, and an interface roughness index described below may be used. That is, the ratio of the measured surface area to the measurement visual field of the measuring device for measuring the roughness is defined as S, and the value obtained by dividing Ra described above by this S is defined as “interface roughness index (Ra / S)”.
- the interface roughness index (Ra / S) of the present embodiment has a relationship represented by the following formula (1).
- the current collector 30A of the present embodiment exhibits a high tensile strength that is about 1.1 to 1.4 times the theoretical strength ratio.
- the theoretical tensile strength of the present embodiment was calculated in accordance with a composite law of materials by measuring tensile strength values measured at different thicknesses in a single state and using these values.
- the tensile strength (A) of a single Cu foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) was measured and added by multiplying it by the thickness ratio of each layer of the laminated foil.
- a ⁇ (10/20) + B ⁇ (10/20) The value of was used as the theoretical strength of the laminated foil.
- Table 4 shows the actual measurement of matte Ni plating, glossy Ni plating, matte Cu plating, glossy Cu plating, and Fe plating, each measured with a tensile tester (ORIENTEC Universal Material Tester Tensilon RTC-1350A). The value of tensile strength is shown. In addition, the value measured according to the tensile test method of JISK6251 (2010) shall be used for the tensile strength of the electrical power collector in this embodiment. Further, the tensile strength of the current collector is a value measured at 25 ° C.
- the conditions for the bright Cu plating are as follows.
- Copper sulfate 150 to 250 g / L Sulfuric acid: 30-60g / L Hydrochloric acid (as 35%): 0.1-0.5ml / L ⁇ Temperature: 25-50 °C ⁇ PH: 1 or less ⁇ Agitating: Air stirring or jet stirring ⁇ Current density: 1 to 30 A / dm 2
- the additive in the present invention is mainly used for the purpose of controlling the roughness at the above-described laminated interface. Therefore, various known additives can be used regardless of the type of the brightener, whereby the roughness at the lamination interface can be adjusted to a target value.
- the conditions for matte Cu plating are as follows.
- Bath composition a known copper sulfate bath mainly composed of copper sulfate (an example is given below) Copper sulfate: 150-250 g / L Sulfuric acid: 30-60g / L Hydrochloric acid (as 35%): 0.1-0.5ml / L ⁇ Temperature: 25-70 °C ⁇ PH: 1 or less ⁇ Agitating: Air stirring or jet stirring ⁇ Current density: 1 to 30 A / dm 2
- the matte Ni plating conditions are as follows. [Matte Ni plating conditions] Bath composition: Known nickel sulfamate plating bath (an example is given below) Nickel sulfamate: 150-300 g / L Nickel chloride: 1-10g / L Boric acid: 5-40g / L In addition, about a bath composition, you may use a well-known Watt bath other than the above-mentioned nickel sulfamate plating bath. In addition, as long as the desired roughness at the laminated interface can be obtained, additives such as known brighteners (organic substances necessary for obtaining gloss) are further added to the plating bath to obtain bright Ni plating or semi-bright Ni plating. Also good.
- Fe plating conditions Known chloride-based iron plating bath (an example is given below)
- Ferrous chloride 800-1000 g / L
- Hydrochloric acid (as 35%): 5-30 g / L ⁇
- Temperature 70-95 °C ⁇ PH: 1 or less ⁇
- Agitating Air stirring or jet stirring ⁇
- Current density 1 to 20 A / dm 2
- this embodiment demonstrated the example which performs Cu plating, Fe plating, and Ni plating sequentially with respect to a base material by a roll-to-roll system
- this invention is not limited to this aspect. That is, in the negative electrode current collector (current collector 30A) of the present embodiment, not all metal layers may be formed by plating layers, for example, some layers are formed by a technique other than plating, such as a rolled foil. It may be.
- the current collector 30A has a two-layer structure or a three-layer structure, but this embodiment is characterized in that it has a structure of four or more layers.
- the current collector 30B of the present embodiment has a five-layer structure, and sequentially from the lower layer, the first metal layer 31, the second metal layer 32, the third metal layer 33, the fourth metal layer 34, and A fifth metal layer 35 is laminated.
- the first metal layer 31, the third metal layer 33, and the fifth metal layer 35 may be the same kind of metal
- the second metal layer 32 and the fourth metal layer 34 may be the same kind of metal. Therefore, in other words, it can be said that the third metal layer 33 and the fifth metal layer 35 are substantially the first metal layer 31, and the fourth metal layer 34 is substantially the second metal layer 32.
- different metal layers in a combination selected from Cu, Ni, and Fe may be alternately stacked in at least four layers.
- the combinations shown in Table 5 below can be exemplified for the first metal layer 31 to the fifth metal layer 35 in the present embodiment.
- these metals include alloys.
- the current collector 30B of the present embodiment has a five-layer structure, but is not limited thereto, and may have a structure of four layers or six layers or more.
- each of the layers described above may be formed of a plating layer.
- Bath composition Copper sulfate plating bath containing 200 g / L of copper sulfate as the main component Copper sulfate: 200 g / L Sulfuric acid: 45 g / L Hydrochloric acid: 0.3ml / L ⁇ Temperature: 50 °C -PH: 1 or less-Stirring: Air stirring-Current density: 20 A / dm 2
- the surface roughness of the first metal layer 31 was measured. As described above, the roughness in Example 1 was measured by a measurement method based on the JISB0601-1994 standard. Separately, an actual measurement value for the following measurement visual field was also recorded as a surface area.
- Measurement equipment OLYMPUS laser microscope LEXT OLS3500
- Measurement field 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m
- a 2 ⁇ m-thick second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is formed on the first metal layer 31 by impregnating the Ti base material on which the first metal layer 31 is formed into the Ni plating bath shown below. did.
- Nickel plating conditions Bath composition: Nickel sulfamate bath Nickel sulfamate: 300 g / L Nickel chloride: 10g / L Boric acid: 20 g / L ⁇ Temperature: 50 °C ⁇ PH: 4 Agitation: Air agitation Current density: 20 A / dm 2
- an additive such as a known brightener (organic matter necessary for obtaining gloss) was plated. It may be added to the bath to form bright Ni plating (the same applies to Examples 2 to 5, 9 to 27, 31 to 37 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 below).
- the electrodeposited first metal layer 31 and second metal layer 32 are sufficiently dried, they are separated from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this embodiment). It was. Then, the obtained current collector was subjected to a tensile test using a tensile tester (Universal Material Tester Tensilon RTC-1350A manufactured by ORIENTEC) in the same manner as described above, and the mechanical strength (tensile strength) was measured. As described above, the tensile strength in Example 1 was measured according to the tensile test method of JIS K 6251 (2010).
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 3 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m.
- a bright Cu plating layer was selected as the first metal layer 31 and a Ni plating layer was selected as the second metal layer 32. More specifically, first, a known Ti substrate was used as a substrate on which the current collector is formed on the upper surface, and this Ti substrate was subjected to known pretreatments such as pickling and rinsing. Next, the pretreated Ti base material was impregnated in the glossy Cu plating bath shown below, and a first metal layer 31 (glossy Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m was formed on the Ti base material as an electrolytic foil.
- a brightener (additive) is added to a copper sulfate plating bath whose main component is copper sulfate 200 g / L. Copper sulfate: 200 g / L Sulfuric acid: 45 g / L Hydrochloric acid: 0.3 g / L Brightener: Appropriate amount of known brightener for decorative copper sulfate plating (0.3 to 10 ml / L) ⁇ Temperature: 30 °C -PH: 1 or less-Stirring: Air stirring-Current density: 5 A / dm 2
- the above-mentioned brightener is an example, and as described above, other known brighteners may be used as appropriate in order to set the roughness at the interface between the metal layers to a target value.
- the surface roughness (Ra, Ry, Rz) and the like of the first metal layer 31 were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 after washing with water.
- the Ti base material on which the first metal layer 31 is formed is impregnated in the same Ni plating bath as in Example 1, so that the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m) is formed on the first metal layer 31. ) Was formed.
- the electrodeposited first metal layer 31 and second metal layer 32 are sufficiently dried, they are separated from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this embodiment). It was. Then, the obtained laminated metal foil was subjected to a tensile test in the same manner as described above to measure the mechanical strength (tensile strength).
- the first metal layer 31 is a Ni plating layer
- the second metal layer 32 is a bright Cu plating layer
- the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) is 6 ⁇ m
- the first metal layer 31 was a matte Cu plating layer, and the second metal layer 32 was an Fe plating layer.
- the same luster Cu plating bath as in Example 1 was impregnated with a Ti substrate to form a first metal layer 31 having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m on the Ti substrate.
- the surface roughness (Ra, Ry, Rz) and the like of the first metal layer 31 were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 after washing with water.
- the Ti base material on which the first metal layer 31 is formed is impregnated in the Fe plating bath shown below, whereby the second metal layer 32 having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m is formed on the first metal layer 31. (Fe plating layer) was formed.
- first metal layer 31 and second metal layer 32 were sufficiently dried, they were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example). Then, the obtained laminated metal foil was subjected to a tensile test in the same manner as described above to measure the mechanical strength (tensile strength).
- Example 7 The same operation as in Example 6 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 8> The same operation as in Example 6 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m.
- the first metal layer 31 was an Ni plating layer
- the second metal layer 32 was an Fe plating layer.
- a Ti base material was impregnated in a Ni plating bath to form a first metal layer 31 having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m.
- the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was formed on the first metal layer 31 with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m, as in Example 6. Formed.
- the formed first metal layer 31 and second metal layer 32 were sufficiently dried, they were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example). Then, the obtained laminated metal foil was subjected to a tensile test in the same manner as described above to measure the mechanical strength (tensile strength).
- Example 10 The same operation as in Example 9 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 11 The same operation as in Example 9 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 12 The layer structure was opposite to the layer structure of Example 9. That is, the same operation as in Example 9 was performed except that the first metal layer 31 was an Fe plating layer and the second metal layer 32 was an Ni plating layer.
- Example 13 The same operation as in Example 12 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Fe plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 14 The same operation as in Example 12 was performed except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Fe plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m and the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 15 A matte Cu plating layer was selected as the first metal layer 31, a Ni plating layer was selected as the second metal layer 32, and a matte Cu plating layer was selected as the third metal layer 33.
- the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the Ti base material as in Example 2 and the surface roughness was measured, the first metal layer 31 was measured in the same manner as in Example 3.
- a third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was again formed on the second metal layer 32 in the same manner as in Example 2. . Then, after sufficiently drying the formed first metal layer 31 to third metal layer 33, these were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example), and the above The mechanical strength (tensile strength) was measured by performing a tensile test in the same manner as described above.
- the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 2.5 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 5 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer). was carried out in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the thickness was changed to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 17 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 1 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) is 1 ⁇ m.
- the procedure was the same as in Example 15 except that.
- Example 18 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 8 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 4 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) is 8 ⁇ m.
- the procedure was the same as in Example 15 except that.
- Example 19 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 4 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) is 4 ⁇ m.
- the procedure was the same as in Example 15 except that.
- a first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on a Ti base material in the same manner as in Example 4 and the surface roughness was measured. Then, as in Example 3, the first metal layer 31 was measured.
- a second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed on the metal layer 31.
- a third metal layer 33 (bright Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was again formed on the second metal layer 32 in the same manner as in Example 4. Then, after sufficiently drying the formed first metal layer 31 to third metal layer 33, these were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example), and the above The mechanical strength (tensile strength) was measured by performing a tensile test in the same manner as described above.
- Example 21 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) is 2.5 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (bright Cu plating layer) is 2. The same operation as in Example 20 was performed except that the thickness was set to 5 ⁇ m.
- Example 22 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) is 1 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (bright Cu plating layer) is 1 ⁇ m. Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 20 was performed.
- Example 23 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) was 8 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 4 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (bright Cu plating layer) was 8 ⁇ m. Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 20 was performed.
- Example 24 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) was 4 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (bright Cu plating layer) was 4 ⁇ m. Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 20 was performed.
- Example 25 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) was 2 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) was 1 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (bright Cu plating layer) was 2 ⁇ m. Except for this, the same procedure as in Example 20 was performed.
- Example 26 The layer structure was opposite to that of Example 25. That is, a Ni plating layer was selected as the first metal layer 31, a bright Cu plating layer was selected as the second metal layer 32, and a Ni plating layer was selected as the third metal layer 33.
- a first metal layer 31 Ni plating layer
- a second metal layer 32 (bright Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed on the layer 31.
- a third metal layer 33 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was again formed on the second metal layer 32 in the same manner as in Example 4. Then, after sufficiently drying the formed first metal layer 31 to third metal layer 33, these were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example), and the above The mechanical strength (tensile strength) was measured by performing a tensile test in the same manner as described above. At this time, the roughness Rz at the laminated interface between the second metal layer 32 and the third metal layer 33 was 0.401. Therefore, the minimum value of Ry in the present invention is rounded off to the fourth decimal place to obtain 0.4, thereby obtaining Rz ⁇ 0.4.
- Example 27 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) is 1 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (bright Cu plating layer) is 8 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (Ni plating layer) is 1 ⁇ m. Were performed in the same manner as in Example 26.
- first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the Ti base material and the surface roughness was measured in the same manner as in Example 6, the same as in Example 7, A second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed on one metal layer 31.
- the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the second metal layer 32 again as in Example 6. .
- Example 29 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 2.5 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) is 5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer).
- the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 2.5 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) is 5 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer).
- Example 30 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 1.5 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) is 7 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer).
- the thickness of the first metal layer 31 is 1.5 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the second metal layer 32 is 7 ⁇ m
- the thickness of the third metal layer 33 was carried out in the same manner as in Example 28 except that the thickness was changed to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- Example 31 An Ni plating layer was selected as the first metal layer 31, an Fe plating layer was selected as the second metal layer 32, and an Ni plating layer was selected as the third metal layer 33.
- a first metal layer 31 Ni plating layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on a Ti base material in the same manner as in Example 10 and the surface roughness was measured.
- a second metal layer 32 Fe plating layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed on the layer 31.
- a third metal layer 33 Ni plating layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the second metal layer 32 again in the same manner as in Example 10.
- Example 32 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) is 2.5 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) is 5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (Ni plating layer) is 2.5 ⁇ m.
- the procedure was the same as in Example 31 except that.
- Example 33 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) is 1.5 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) is 7 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (Ni plating layer) is 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the procedure was the same as in Example 31 except that.
- a matte Cu plating layer is selected as the first metal layer 31, a Ni plating layer is selected as the second metal layer 32, a matte Cu plating layer is selected as the third metal layer 33, and Ni is used as the fourth metal layer 34.
- a plating layer was selected, and a matte Cu plating layer was selected as the fifth metal layer 35.
- the Cu plating layer and the Ni plating layer are alternately laminated from the first metal layer 31 to the fifth metal layer 35.
- first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m on a Ti base material in the same manner as in Example 2 and measuring the surface roughness
- first metal layer 31 is measured in the same manner as in Example 3.
- a second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on one metal layer 31.
- a third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was again formed on the second metal layer 32 as in Example 2.
- a fourth metal layer 34 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was again formed on the third metal layer 33 in the same manner as in Example 3.
- a fifth metal layer 35 (matte Cu plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m is formed on the fourth metal layer 34 in the same manner as in Example 2. did. Then, after sufficiently drying the formed first metal layer 31 to fifth metal layer 35, these were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example), and the above The mechanical strength (tensile strength) was measured by performing a tensile test in the same manner as described above.
- Example 35 The thickness of the first metal layer 31 (matte Cu plating layer) is 2 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Ni plating layer) is 2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the third metal layer 33 (matte Cu plating layer) is 2 ⁇ m. In the same manner as in Example 34 except that the thickness of the fourth metal layer 34 (Ni plating layer) was 2 ⁇ m and the thickness of the fifth metal layer 35 (matte Cu plating layer) was 2 ⁇ m.
- Example 36 A bright Cu plating layer is selected as the first metal layer 31, a Ni plating layer is selected as the second metal layer 32, a bright Cu plating layer is selected as the third metal layer 33, and a Ni plating layer is used as the fourth metal layer 34. And a bright Cu plating layer was selected as the fifth metal layer 35. That is, the same procedure as in Example 34 was performed except that the first metal layer 31 was a glossy Cu plating layer, the third metal layer 33 was a glossy Cu plating layer, and the fifth metal layer 35 was a glossy Cu plating layer. At this time, the roughness Ry at the laminated interface between the third metal layer 33 and the fourth metal layer 34 was 0.096. Therefore, the minimum value of Ry in the present invention is rounded off to the first decimal place to be 0.1, thereby deriving Ry ⁇ 0.1.
- Ni plating layer is selected as the first metal layer 31
- Fe plating layer is selected as the second metal layer 32
- Ni plating layer is selected as the third metal layer 33
- Fe plating layer is selected as the fourth metal layer 34
- a Ni plating layer was selected as the fifth metal layer 35.
- the Ni plating layer and the Fe plating layer are alternately stacked from the first metal layer 31 to the fifth metal layer 35.
- Example 31 a first metal layer 31 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on a Ti substrate, and surface roughness was measured. Then, the thickness was formed on the first metal layer 31. A 4 ⁇ m second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was formed. Next, after measuring the surface roughness of the second metal layer 32, a third metal layer 33 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on the second metal layer 32 again as in Example 31. Next, after measuring the surface roughness of the third metal layer 33, a fourth metal layer 34 (Fe plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on the third metal layer 33.
- Ni plating layer Ni plating layer
- a fourth metal layer 34 Fe plating layer
- a fifth metal layer 35 (Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on the fourth metal layer 34. Then, after sufficiently drying the formed first metal layer 31 to fifth metal layer 35, these were peeled off from the Ti base material to obtain a laminated metal foil (battery current collector in this example), and the above The mechanical strength (tensile strength) was measured by performing a tensile test in the same manner as described above.
- a bright Cu plating layer was selected as the first metal layer 31 and an Fe plating layer was selected as the second metal layer 32.
- the first metal layer 31 gloss Cu plating layer
- the second metal layer 32 Fe plating layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was formed on the first metal layer 31 in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the amount of the brightener added was similarly adjusted.
- Comparative Example 7 The same as Comparative Example 7, except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was 10 ⁇ m, and the amount of brightener added was adjusted. Went to.
- Comparative Example 9 The same as Comparative Example 7, except that the thickness of the first metal layer 31 (bright Cu plating layer) was 8 ⁇ m, the thickness of the second metal layer 32 (Fe plating layer) was 4 ⁇ m, and the amount of brightener added was adjusted. Went to.
- Glossy Ni was selected as the first metal layer 31 and Glossy Cu was selected as the second metal layer 32. More specifically, first, a known Ti substrate was used as a substrate on which the current collector is formed on the upper surface, and this Ti substrate was subjected to known pretreatments such as pickling and rinsing. Next, the pretreated Ti base material was impregnated in a bright Ni plating bath shown below, and a first metal layer 31 (bright Ni plating layer) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed on the Ti base material as an electrolytic foil.
- the surface roughness (Ra, Ry, Rz) and the like of the first metal layer 31 were measured in the same manner as described above after washing with water.
- the Ti base material on which the first metal layer 31 is formed is impregnated in the same glossy Cu plating bath as in Comparative Example 8, so that the second metal layer 32 (glossy Cu) having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m is formed on the first metal layer 31. (Plating layer) was formed.
- Example 13 The same procedure as in Example 26 was performed except that the first metal layer 31 and the third metal layer 33 were each made of a bright Ni plating layer having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m according to the bright Ni plating conditions shown in Comparative Example 11.
- the evaluation index is set as follows, and the measured tensile strength of 105% or more of the theoretical strength is intended to be useful for next-generation batteries, etc. And evaluated as practical.
- ⁇ Evaluation index ⁇ ⁇ Tensile strength is 105% or more of theoretical strength
- ⁇ Tensile strength is less than 105% of theoretical strength
- Tables 6 to 10 show the specification values, roughness at the lamination interface, mechanical properties, and practicality evaluation results for each example and comparative example described above.
- Example 26 the effect of the present invention described above can be achieved if any one of the laminated interfaces in the laminated metal layers has Ra ⁇ 0.12. I understand. This also applies to Ry and Rz.
- the laminated metal foil, battery current collector and battery of the present invention can be applied to a wide range of industries such as automobiles and electronic devices.
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Abstract
Description
また、携帯機器用途では上記したLiBが主役となってきているものの、車載用途や定置型電池としては安全性と長期信頼性の観点からニッケル水素二次電池も引き続き採用されて改良検討がなされている。
ここで、リチウムイオン二次電池およびニッケル水素電池をはじめとする電池の高容量化には集電体の薄型化が有効であるが、集電体を薄型化すると強度が低下してしまい、集電体の変形や破損の懸念が生じてしまうという課題もある。
また、例えば特許文献2では、負極集電体として用いられる銅箔に銅の残留応力が少ないニッケルめっきを施すことで、銅の硫化物の生成を抑えて且つ導電性に優れた負極集電体を提供するという技術が開示されている。
すなわち、近年の電池性能への要求は一段と高くなっており、集電体自体にも薄型化すればその分だけ活物質量を増加できることから、この集電体の薄型化に伴う製造時の破れや千切れなどを抑制できるだけの強度を有することが望まれている。
さらに、例えば負極の集電体については、炭素に代替し得るシリコンなど新たな活物質の特性に追従可能な高い強度を具備することが希求されてきている。
また、上記した(1)又は(2)に記載の電池用集電体においては、(3)更に前記積層界面における粗度が、Rz≧0.4であることが好ましい。
このとき、上記した(4)に記載の電池用集電体においては、(5)前記第1金属層が前記第2金属層で挟まれてなり、且つ、前記電池用集電体の厚みが4~10μmであることが好ましい。
このとき、上記した(6)に記載の電池用集電体においては、(7)前記第1金属層が前記第2金属層で挟まれてなり、且つ、前記電池用集電体の厚みが4~20μmであることが好ましい。
以下、本発明を実施するための実施形態について説明する。
図1は、本実施形態に係る電池Cとその構成物を模式的に示した図である。同図に示すように、本実施形態の電池Cは、いわゆるセル構造を採用するリチウムイオン二次電池であり、正極1、セパレータ2、負極3および不図示の電解液を少なくとも含んで構成されている。
次に図2を用いて負極3のうち集電体の詳細な構造について更に詳述する。なお、以下では集電体の例として負極集電体について説明するが、本発明は負極に限られず正極の集電体にも適用してもよい。また、この図2では、後述する積層界面の粗度を強調するため誇張された図となっているが、実際は目視上では図2ほどの粗さはない(図4も同様)。
以下では、各金属層が昇順で積層されていく形態を例にして説明を継続する。
上述のとおり本実施形態の集電体30Aは、複数の金属層が積層された形態となっているが、複数の金属層を積層すること自体は上記した特許文献にも開示されている。
これに対して本発明者らは、電池用集電体として、異種金属のめっき層からなる積層箔について検討する中で、金属の組み合わせ・トータル厚み・厚み構成比が同じであっても、その積層構造によって最終的な金属積層箔の引張強度が、かなり異なることを見出した。一例として、図5に後述の実施例・比較例から、Cu層とNi層の積層材の特徴的な例について、引張強度のグラフを示す。
このような積層金属箔の引張強度の違いに対して本発明者らは、積層された金属層間の構造、すなわち積層界面における粗度に着目した結果、高強度の積層金属箔を高いレベルで実現するには金属層間で最適な粗度となることが重要であることに帰結した。
なお、本実施形態の粗度は、JISB0601-1994規格に準拠した測定手法によって測定した値を用いるものとする。
また、本実施形態においては、積層界面における粗度のうち、さらに第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度がRz≧0.4であることが望ましい。
本実施形態の積層界面における粗度は、上記したRa、RyおよびRzに限られず、以下に説明する界面粗さ指数を用いてもよい。
すなわち、上記粗度を測定する測定装置の測定視野に対する実測表面積の比をSとし、上記したRaをこのSで除算した値を「界面粗さ指数(Ra/S)」として定義する。
界面粗さ指数(Ra/S)≧0.06 ・・・(1)
これにより、上記した効果に加え、例えば計測機器の個体差などによる誤差も抑制して適正な積層界面における粗度を算出することが可能となる。
また、上記した積層界面における粗度は、次に示す関係を有していてもよい。
Ra/Ry≧0.06
Ra/Rz≧0.07
上述したとおり、本実施形態の集電体30Aは、理論強度比1.1~1.4倍程度の高い引張強度を発現している。
ここで、本実施形態の理論引張強度は、単体の状態でそれぞれ異なる厚みで計測した引張強度の値を測定し、これらの値を用いて材料の複合則に従って算出した。具体的には、例えばCu層(厚さ10μm)とNi層(厚さ10μm)から成る総箔厚さ20μmの積層箔の場合は、単体のCu箔(厚さ20μm)の引張強度(A)と、単体のNi箔(厚さ20μm)の引張強度(B)とを測定し、それに積層箔の各層の厚さ比率を乗じて加えた
A×(10/20)+B×(10/20)
の値をもって積層箔の理論強度とした。
なお、後述の実施例・比較例において、積層箔の総厚みが12μm、15μmの場合については、対応する各金属単体の引張強度は、厚さ10μmの場合の引張強度を代用して理論強度を計算した。積層箔の総厚みが4~10μm、20μmの場合については、積層箔総箔厚みに対応する単体金属の引張強度の値を用いて理論強度を計算した。
なお本実施形態における集電体の引張強度は、JIS K 6251(2010年)の引張試験方法に準じて測定した値を用いるものとする。また、集電体の引張強度は、25℃において測定した時の値である。
次に本実施形態の負極集電体(集電体30A)の製造方法について説明する。本実施形態の負極集電体の製造方法については特に制限はないが、例えばめっき(電解箔)を用いて形成することが望ましい。より具体的には、例えば図3に示すようなステップで、コイル状に巻かれた基材を引き出して搬送する過程で順次表面処理を実施するロールtoロール方式で行ってもよい。このとき基材としては、例えばTiやSUSなどの金属が適用できる。
[光沢Cuめっき条件]
・浴組成:硫酸銅を主成分とする公知の硫酸銅浴(下記に一例を記載)に公知の光沢剤(添加剤)を添加
硫酸銅:150~250g/L
硫酸:30~60g/L
塩酸(35%として):0.1~0.5ml/L
・温度:25~50℃
・pH:1以下
・撹拌:空気撹拌もしくは噴流撹拌
・電流密度:1~30A/dm2
なお、本発明における添加剤は、主として上記した積層界面における粗度を制御する目的で使用される。従って、光沢剤の種類を問わず公知の種々の添加剤を用いることができ、これにより積層界面における粗度を目的の値に調整することができる。
[無光沢Cuめっき条件]
・浴組成:硫酸銅を主成分とする公知の硫酸銅浴(下記に一例を記載)
硫酸銅:150~250g/L
硫酸:30~60g/L
塩酸(35%として):0.1~0.5ml/L
・温度:25~70℃
・pH:1以下
・撹拌:空気撹拌もしくは噴流撹拌
・電流密度:1~30A/dm2
[無光沢Niめっき条件]
・浴組成:公知のスルファミン酸ニッケルめっき浴(下記に一例を記載)
スルファミン酸ニッケル:150~300g/L
塩化ニッケル:1~10g/L
ホウ酸:5~40g/L
なお、浴組成については、上記したスルファミン酸ニッケルめっき浴の他、公知のワット浴を用いてもよい。
また、目的の積層界面における粗度が得られる限りにおいて、更に公知の光沢剤(光沢を得るために必要な有機物)などの添加剤をめっき浴に添加して光沢Niめっき又は半光沢Niめっきとしてもよい。
[Feめっき条件]
・浴組成:公知の塩化物系鉄めっき浴(下記に一例を記載)
塩化第一鉄:800~1000g/L
塩酸(35%として):5~30g/L
・温度:70~95℃
・pH:1以下
・撹拌:空気撹拌もしくは噴流撹拌
・電流密度:1~20A/dm2
次に図4を用いて本実施形態の第2実施形態について説明する。
上記した第1実施形態では集電体30Aは2層構造または3層構造であったが、本実施形態では4層以上の構造である点に特徴がある。
このとき、第1金属層31、第3金属層33及び第5金属層35は同種の金属であり、第2金属層32及び第4金属層34が同種の金属となっていてもよい。従って換言すれば、第3金属層33及び第5金属層35は実質的に第1金属層31であり、さらに第4金属層34は実質的に第2金属層32であるといえる。
また、本実施形態の集電体30Bは5層構造としたが、これに限られず4層または6層以上の構造となっていてもよい。
さらに本実施形態では、上記した各層がすべてめっき層で形成されていてもよい。
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明について、より具体的に説明する。
<実施例1>
第1金属層31として無光沢Cuを選択し、第2金属層32としてNiを選択した。より具体的には、まず、集電体がその上面に形成される基材として公知のTi基材を用い、このTi基材を酸洗及び水洗などの公知の前処理を施した。
次いで前処理したTi基材を以下に示す無光沢Cuめっき浴に含浸し、電解箔として厚さ2μmの第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)をTi基材上に形成した。
・浴組成:硫酸銅200g/Lを主成分とする硫酸銅めっき浴
硫酸銅:200g/L
硫酸:45g/L
塩酸:0.3ml/L
・温度:50℃
・pH:1以下
・撹拌:空気撹拌
・電流密度:20A/dm2
・測定装置:OLYMPUS製レーザ顕微鏡LEXT OLS3500
・測定視野:100μm×100μm
次いで、第1金属層31が形成されたTi基材を以下に示すNiめっき浴に含浸させることで、第1金属層31上に厚さ2μmの第2金属層32(Niめっき層)を形成した。
・浴組成:スルファミン酸ニッケル浴
スルファミン酸ニッケル:300g/L
塩化ニッケル:10g/L
ホウ酸:20g/L
・温度:50℃
・pH:4
・撹拌:空気撹拌
・電流密度:20A/dm2
なお、本実施例ではめっき浴に添加剤は特に添加しなかったが、必要な上記粗度が得られる限りにおいて、公知の光沢剤(光沢を得るために必要な有機物)などの添加剤をめっき浴に添加して光沢Niめっきとしてもよい(以下の実施例2~5、9~27、31~37および比較例1~6も同様)。
そして、得られた集電体で上記と同様に引張試験機(ORIENTEC製 万能材料試験機 テンシロンRTC-1350A)で引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。上述のとおり、実施例1における引張強度は、JIS K 6251(2010年)の引張試験方法に準じて測定した。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを5μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、実施例1と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてNiめっき層を選択した。より具体的には、まず、集電体がその上面に形成される基材として公知のTi基材を用い、このTi基材を酸洗及び水洗などの公知の前処理を施した。
次いで前処理したTi基材を以下に示す光沢Cuめっき浴に含浸し、電解箔として厚さ2μmの第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)をTi基材上に形成した。
・浴組成:硫酸銅200g/Lを主成分とする硫酸銅めっき浴に光沢剤(添加剤)を添加
硫酸銅:200g/L
硫酸:45g/L
塩酸:0.3g/L
光沢剤:公知の装飾用硫酸銅めっき用光沢剤を適量(0.3ml~10ml/L程度)
・温度:30℃
・pH:1以下
・撹拌:空気撹拌
・電流密度:5A/dm2
なお、上記した光沢剤は一例であって、金属層間の界面における粗度を目的の値とするため、他の公知の光沢剤を適宜用いてもよいことは既述のとおりである。
次いで、第1金属層31が形成されたTi基材を実施例1と同様のNiめっき浴に含浸させることで、第1金属層31上に厚さ2μmの第2金属層32(Niめっき層)を形成した。
第1金属層31をNiめっき層とし、第2金属層32を光沢Cuめっき層とし、第1金属層31(Niめっき層)の厚みを6μmとし、第2金属層32(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを14μmとした以外は、実施例4と同様に行った。
第1金属層31を無光沢Cuめっき層とし、第2金属層32をFeめっき層とした。まず実施例1と同様の無光沢Cuめっき浴にTi基材を含浸させて厚さ5μmの第1金属層31をTi基材上に形成した。
第1金属層31がTi基材上に形成された後、水洗を行ってから実施例1と同様に第1金属層31の表面粗さ(Ra、Ry、Rz)などを測定した。
次いで、水洗などを行った後に、第1金属層31が形成されたTi基材を以下に示すFeめっき浴に含浸させることで、第1金属層31上に厚さ5μmの第2金属層32(Feめっき層)を形成した。
・浴組成:公知の塩化物系鉄めっき浴
塩化第一鉄:1000g/L
塩酸:10ml/L
・温度:85℃以上
・pH:1以下
・撹拌:噴流撹拌又は空気撹拌
・電流密度:15A/dm2
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、実施例6と同様に行った。
第1金属層31をNiめっき層とし、第2金属層32をFeめっき層とした。まず実施例5と同様にTi基材をNiめっき浴に含浸して厚さ3μmの第1金属層31を形成した。次いで、他の実施例と同様に第1金属層31の表面粗さを測定した後、実施例6と同様に第2金属層32(Feめっき層)を厚さ3μmで第1金属層31上に形成した。
次いで、形成した第1金属層31及び第2金属層32を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得た。そして、得られた積層金属箔で上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(Niめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを5μmとした以外は、実施例9と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(Niめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、実施例9と同様に行った。
実施例9の層構造とは逆の層構造で行った。すなわち、第1金属層31をFeめっき層とし、第2金属層32をNiめっき層とした以外は、実施例9と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(Feめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを5μmとした以外は、実施例12と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(Feめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、実施例12と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてNiめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択した。
まず実施例2と同様に厚さ5μmの第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)をTi基材上に形成して表面粗さの計測などを行った後、実施例3と同様に第1金属層31上に厚さ10μmの第2金属層32(Niめっき層)を形成した。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例2と同様に厚さ5μmの第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第3金属層33を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとした以外は、実施例15と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを1μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを1μmとした以外は、実施例15と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを8μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを4μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを8μmとした以外は、実施例15と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを4μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを4μmとした以外は、実施例15と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてNiめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33として光沢Cuめっき層を選択した。
まず実施例4と同様に厚さ5μmの第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)をTi基材上に形成して表面粗さの計測などを行った後、実施例3と同様に第1金属層31上に厚さ10μmの第2金属層32(Niめっき層)を形成した。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例4と同様に厚さ5μmの第3金属層33(光沢Cuめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第3金属層33を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第3金属層33(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとした以外は、実施例20と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを1μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第3金属層33(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを1μmとした以外は、実施例20と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを8μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを4μmとし、第3金属層33(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを8μmとした以外は、実施例20と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを4μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第3金属層33(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを4μmとした以外は、実施例20と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを1μmとし、第3金属層33(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2μmとした以外は、実施例20と同様に行った。
実施例25の層構造と逆の層構造で行った。すなわち、第1金属層31としてNiめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32として光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33としてNiめっき層を選択した。
まず実施例4と同様に厚さ5μmの第1金属層31(Niめっき層)をTi基材上に形成して表面粗さの計測などを行った後、実施例4と同様に第1金属層31上に厚さ10μmの第2金属層32(光沢Cuめっき層)を形成した。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例4と同様に厚さ5μmの第3金属層33(Niめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第3金属層33を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
なお、このとき、第2金属層32と第3金属層33との間の積層界面における粗度Rzが0.401であった。よって、本発明におけるRyの最小値は小数第三位を四捨五入して0.4とし、これによりRz≧0.4を導出した。
第1金属層31(Niめっき層)の厚みを1μmとし、第2金属層32(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを8μmとし、第3金属層33(Niめっき層)の厚みを1μmとした以外は、実施例26と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてFeめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択した。
まず実施例6と同様に厚さ5μmの第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)をTi基材上に形成して表面粗さの計測などを行った後、実施例7と同様に第1金属層31上に厚さ10μmの第2金属層32(Feめっき層)を形成した。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例6と同様に厚さ5μmの第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第3金属層33を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとした以外は、実施例28と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを1.5μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを7μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを1.5μmとした以外は、実施例28と同様に行った。
第1金属層31としてNiめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてFeめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33としてNiめっき層を選択した。
まず実施例10と同様に厚さ5μmの第1金属層31(Niめっき層)をTi基材上に形成して表面粗さの計測などを行った後、実施例11と同様に第1金属層31上に厚さ10μmの第2金属層32(Feめっき層)を形成した。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例10と同様に厚さ5μmの第3金属層33(Niめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第3金属層33を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(Niめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第3金属層33(Niめっき層)の厚みを2.5μmとした以外は、実施例31と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(Niめっき層)の厚みを1.5μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを7μmとし、第3金属層33(Niめっき層)の厚みを1.5μmとした以外は、実施例31と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてNiめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第4金属層34としてNiめっき層を選択し、第5金属層35として無光沢Cuめっき層を選択した。換言すれば、本実施例では、第1金属層31から第5金属層35にかけて、Cuめっき層とNiめっき層とが交互に積層された形態となっている。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例2と同様に厚さ4μmの第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。
次いで、この第3金属層33の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例3と同様に厚さ4μmの第4金属層34(Niめっき層)を第3金属層33上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第5金属層35を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第3金属層33(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第4金属層34(Niめっき層)の厚みを2μmとし、第5金属層35(無光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを2μmとした以外は、実施例34と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてNiめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33として光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第4金属層34としてNiめっき層を選択し、第5金属層35として光沢Cuめっき層を選択した。
すなわち、第1金属層31を光沢Cuめっき層とし、第3金属層33を光沢Cuめっき層とし、第5金属層35を光沢Cuめっき層とした以外は、実施例34と同様に行った。
なお、このとき、第3金属層33と第4金属層34との間の積層界面における粗度Ryが0.096であった。よって、本発明におけるRyの最小値は小数第三位を四捨五入して0.1とし、これによりRy≧0.1を導出した。
第1金属層31としてNiめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてFeめっき層を選択し、第3金属層33としてNiめっき層を選択し、第4金属層34としてFeめっき層を選択し、第5金属層35としてNiめっき層を選択した。換言すれば、本実施例では、第1金属層31から第5金属層35にかけて、Niめっき層とFeめっき層とが交互に積層された形態となっている。
次いで、この第2金属層32の表面粗さを計測した後に、再び実施例31と同様に厚さ4μmの第3金属層33(Niめっき層)を第2金属層32上に形成した。次いで、この第3金属層33の表面粗さを計測した後に、厚さ4μmの第4金属層34(Feめっき層)を第3金属層33上に形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31~第5金属層35を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して積層金属箔(本実施例では電池用集電体)を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は、実施例4と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.098であった。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.033であった。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを6μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを4μmとし、添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.075であった。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを14μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを6μmとし、添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.028であった。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを5μmとし、第2金属層32(Niめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、比較例1と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.098であった。
第1金属層31として光沢Cuめっき層を選択し、第2金属層32としてFeめっき層を選択した。
まず添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は実施例20と同様に厚さ5μmの第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)をTi基材上に形成して表面粗さの計測などを行った後、同じく添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は実施例10と同様に第1金属層31上に厚さ5μmの第2金属層32(Feめっき層)を形成した。
そして形成した第1金属層31及び第2金属層32を充分に乾燥させた後に、Ti基材からこれらを剥離して集電体を得て、上記と同様に引張試験を行って機械的強度(引張強度)を測定した。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを10μmとし、添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は、比較例7と同様に行った。
第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを10μmとした以外は、比較例7と同様に行った。
第1金属層31(光沢Cuめっき層)の厚みを8μmとし、第2金属層32(Feめっき層)の厚みを4μmとし、添加する光沢剤の量を調整した以外は、比較例7と同様に行った。
第1金属層31として光沢Niを選択し、第2金属層32として光沢Cuを選択した。
より具体的には、まず、集電体がその上面に形成される基材として公知のTi基材を用い、このTi基材を酸洗及び水洗などの公知の前処理を施した。
次いで前処理したTi基材を以下に示す光沢Niめっき浴に含浸し、電解箔として厚さ10μmの第1金属層31(光沢Niめっき層)をTi基材上に形成した。
・浴組成:スルファミン酸ニッケル浴に下記添加剤を適量添加
スルファミン酸ニッケル:300g/L
塩化ニッケル:10g/L
ホウ酸:20g/L
・温度:50℃
・pH:4
・撹拌:空気撹拌
・電流密度:20A/dm2
・添加剤:ニッケルめっき用光沢剤5~15ml/L
次いで、第1金属層31が形成されたTi基材を比較例8と同様の光沢Cuめっき浴に含浸させることで、第1金属層31上に厚さ10μmの第2金属層32(光沢Cuめっき層)を形成した。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.057であった。
第2金属層32を無光沢Cuめっき層とした以外は、比較例11と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)は、Ra=0.057であった。
第2金属層32を、比較例11で示した光沢Niめっき条件によって厚さ10μmの光沢Niめっき層とした以外は、実施例20と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)はRa=0.098であり、同様に第3金属層33と対向する側の第2金属層32の表面粗さはRa=0.062であった。
第1金属層31及び第3金属層33を、比較例11で示した光沢Niめっき条件によってそれぞれ厚さ5μmの光沢Niめっき層とした以外は、実施例26と同様に行った。
このとき、第2金属層32と対向する側の第1金属層31の表面粗さ(換言すれば第1金属層31と第2金属層32の積層界面における粗度)はRa=0.102であり、同様に第3金属層33と対向する側の第2金属層32の表面粗さはRa=0.007であった。
上記した各実施例および比較例で得られた集電体について、以下のとおり評価指標を設定し、計測した引張強度が理論強度の105%以上のものを次世代電池などに有用であるという意図で実用性有と評価した。
≪評価指標≫
○:引張強度が理論強度の105%以上
×:引張強度が理論強度の105%未満
また、特に実施例26などからも明らかなとおり、積層された金属層における積層界面のいずれか一面が、Ra≧0.12であれば上記した本発明の効果を奏することが可能であることが分かる。なお、このことはRyおよびRzについても同様である。
また、上記した実施形態と実施例は主として電池用集電体として説明したが、本発明は集電体に限られず積層金属箔として他の用途にも適用が可能である。
1 正極
2 セパレータ
3 負極
31 第1金属層
32 第2金属層
33 第3金属層
34 第4金属層
35 第5金属層
Claims (9)
- Cu、Fe及びNiから選ばれる金属を少なくとも含む第1金属層と、
前記第1金属層上に積層され、前記第1金属層とは異なる金属であって前記Cu、Fe及びNiから選ばれる金属を少なくとも含む第2金属層と、を少なくとも具備し、
前記第1金属層と前記第2金属層の積層界面における粗度が、Ra≧0.12であることを特徴とする電池用集電体。 - 更に前記積層界面における粗度が、Ry≧0.1である請求項1に記載の電池用集電体。
- 更に前記積層界面における粗度が、Rz≧0.4である請求項1又は2に記載の電池用集電体。
- 前記第1金属層がNiであり、
前記第2金属層がCuである請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電池用集電体。 - 前記第1金属層が前記第2金属層で挟まれてなり、且つ、
前記電池用集電体の厚みが4~10μmである請求項4に記載の電池用集電体。 - 前記第1金属層がFeであり、
前記第2金属層がNiである請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電池用集電体。 - 前記第1金属層が前記第2金属層で挟まれてなり、且つ、
前記電池用集電体の厚みが4~20μmである請求項6に記載の電池用集電体。 - 前記積層界面における測定視野の表面積に対する実測表面積の比をSとし、
前記積層界面における界面粗さ指数をRa/Sとした場合、
前記界面粗さ指数(Ra/S)≧0.06である請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の電池用集電体。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電池用集電体を具備する電池。
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| WO2021075253A1 (ja) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-04-22 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | 電解箔及び電池用集電体 |
| CN113066958B (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-09-27 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 一种集流体及其应用 |
| EP4167326A4 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2024-07-17 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | POSITIVE ELECTRODE COLLECTOR, SECONDARY BATTERY AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE |
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