WO2018066527A1 - 含フッ素重合体含有組成物および含フッ素重合体膜付き基材の製造方法 - Google Patents
含フッ素重合体含有組成物および含フッ素重合体膜付き基材の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018066527A1 WO2018066527A1 PCT/JP2017/035869 JP2017035869W WO2018066527A1 WO 2018066527 A1 WO2018066527 A1 WO 2018066527A1 JP 2017035869 W JP2017035869 W JP 2017035869W WO 2018066527 A1 WO2018066527 A1 WO 2018066527A1
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- C08L27/12—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having an aliphatic ring and a solvent, and a method for producing a film-coated substrate using the composition.
- Fluorocarbon resin is excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance, water repellency, weather resistance, electrical insulation, optical properties, non-adhesiveness, low friction, flame retardancy, etc. From its properties, chemical, electrical / electronic, semiconductor, Used in various fields such as architecture and automobiles. For example, the above properties are imparted by forming a fluororesin coating on the surface of the substrate.
- Known methods for forming a fluororesin coating film include wet methods such as spin coating, casting, dipping and spraying, and dry methods such as sputtering and vacuum deposition.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a composition capable of forming a film having an in-plane uniformity and a small surface roughness, including a fluoropolymer having an aliphatic ring, using an electrospray apparatus, and a film using the composition It is providing the manufacturing method of a base material.
- the present invention provides a composition and a method for producing a film-coated substrate having the following configurations [1] to [14].
- a composition comprising a fluorine-containing polymer having an aliphatic ring and a solvent, The said solvent is a solvent whose relative dielectric constant is 5 or more, and contains a solvent whose boiling point is 150 degreeC or more.
- the fluoropolymer is a fluoropolymer having an aliphatic ring in the main chain.
- the solvent is a mixed solvent having a relative dielectric constant of 5 or more composed of a mixture of two or more solvents, and a part of the solvent in the mixed solvent is a solvent having a relative dielectric constant of less than 5.
- the solvent comprises a mixture of two or more solvents, and a part of the solvent in the mixed solvent is a solvent having a boiling point of less than 150 ° C.
- the solvent includes a solvent X that is a perfluoro compound, a solvent Y that is at least one of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrofluoroether, and a solvent Z that is a fluorinated alcohol.
- Composition [8] The composition according to [7], wherein the solvent X has a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher.
- the solvent X comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of perfluorotrialkylamines and perfluoroaliphatic cyclic compounds.
- the solvent X is heptacosafluorotributylamine, perfluorotripentylamine, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a, 4b, 5,5,6,6,7,7. , 8, 8, 8a, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10a-tetracosafluorophenanthrene, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a, 4b, 5,5,6,6 7,7,8,8,8a, 9,9,9a-docosafluorofluorene and 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a, 5,5,6,6,7,7 , 8,8a-Heptadecafluorodecahydro-8- (trifluoromethyl) naphthalene, at least one selected from the group consisting of [7] to [9].
- the solvent Y is 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorohexane, 1,1,1,2,2,3 , 3,4,4,5,5,6,6-tridecafluorooctane and 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-2-
- the solvent Z is hexafluoro-2-propanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro.
- the content of the solvent X with respect to the total of the solvent X, the solvent Y, and the solvent Z is 35 to 60% by mass
- the content of the solvent Y is 35 to 60% by mass
- the content of the solvent Z The composition according to any one of [7] to [12], wherein the ratio is 5 to 30% by mass.
- composition according to any one of [7] to [13] is applied onto a substrate using an electrospray apparatus, and the solvent is removed to form a film containing the fluoropolymer.
- the manufacturing method of a base material with a film is applied onto a substrate using an electrospray apparatus, and the solvent is removed to form a film containing the fluoropolymer.
- a film containing an fluorinated polymer having an aliphatic ring and having excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness can be formed using an electrospray apparatus.
- a film-coated substrate having a film having excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness, including a fluoropolymer having an aliphatic ring using an electrospray device. The material can be manufactured.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) is also referred to as “compound (1)”, and the unit represented by the formula (1) is also referred to as “unit (1)”.
- the “unit” of the polymer indicates an atomic group derived from one monomer molecule formed by polymerization of the monomer.
- the unit may be a unit directly formed by a polymerization reaction, or may be a unit in which a part of the unit is converted into another structure by treating a polymer obtained by the polymerization reaction.
- the composition of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present composition”) comprises a fluorine-containing polymer having an aliphatic ring (hereinafter also referred to as “the fluorine-containing polymer A”) and a specific solvent.
- the specific solvent in the composition is a solvent having a relative dielectric constant of 5 or more and a solvent having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher.
- this specific solvent is also referred to as “solvent B”.
- This composition is typically a liquid composition in which the fluoropolymer A is dissolved in the solvent B.
- This composition may further contain components other than the fluoropolymer A and the solvent B as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a film containing the polymer A formed by applying the composition to a substrate and removing the solvent from the coating film of the composition is referred to as “coating film” unless otherwise specified.
- the film containing the solvent before removing the solvent is also referred to as “wet film”, and the removal of the solvent from the wet film is also referred to as “drying”.
- the fluoropolymer A is composed of a substantially linear fluoropolymer having units based on a monomer having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms and a fluorine atom bonded to the carbon atom. .
- the aliphatic ring of the fluorinated polymer A may be present in the main chain of the polymer or may be present in the side group.
- the fluorinated polymer A is preferably a fluorinated polymer having an aliphatic ring in the main chain in that it is easily dissolved in a solvent.
- the “fluorinated polymer having an aliphatic ring in the main chain” means a fluorine-containing heavy polymer in which at least one of carbon atoms constituting the ring of the aliphatic ring is a carbon atom constituting the main chain of the fluoropolymer. It means that it is a coalescence.
- An aliphatic ring is a saturated or unsaturated ring having no aromaticity.
- the aliphatic ring may be a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon ring in which the atoms constituting the ring consist only of carbon atoms, and the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic heterocycle in which the atoms constituting the ring consist of carbon atoms and heteroatoms. It may be a ring. Examples of the hetero atom include an oxygen atom and a nitrogen atom.
- the aliphatic ring may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the aliphatic ring is preferably a 4- to 7-membered ring or a condensed ring thereof, and more preferably a 5- to 6-membered ring or a condensed ring thereof.
- the aliphatic ring is preferably a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring from the viewpoint of excellent water repellency, oil repellency, transparency, light resistance, chemical resistance, releasability and the like.
- the fluorine-containing aliphatic ring is an aliphatic ring in which a fluorine-containing group or a fluorine atom is bonded to at least a part of carbon atoms constituting the ring.
- a perfluoroalkyl group As the group having fluorine, a perfluoroalkyl group, a group containing an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group, a perfluoroalkoxy group, a group containing an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkoxy group, ⁇ CF 2 Etc.
- a substituent other than a group having a fluorine atom may be bonded to a part of carbon atoms constituting the ring.
- the fluorine-containing aliphatic ring is preferably a fluorine-containing aliphatic heterocycle having 1 to 2 etheric oxygen atoms as atoms constituting the ring.
- the fluorine-containing aliphatic ring preferably has no carbon-hydrogen bond. That is, a hydrogen atom bonded to carbon atoms constituting the aliphatic ring is preferably a substituent containing a fluorine atom and not having a carbon-hydrogen bond, or a perfluoroaliphatic ring substituted with a fluorine atom. Accordingly, the fluorinated aliphatic ring is particularly preferably a perfluoroaliphatic ring having 1 to 2 etheric oxygen atoms as atoms constituting the ring.
- Fluoropolymer A has a carboxy group, an acid halide group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbonyloxy group, a carbonate group, a sulfo group, a phosphono group, a hydroxy group, a thiol group, a silanol group, and an alkoxysilyl group at the main chain terminal and side groups. It may have a reactive functional group such as a group.
- fluoropolymer A examples include a fluoropolymer having a unit formed by cyclopolymerization of a diene fluorine-containing monomer (hereinafter also referred to as “polymer (A1)”), and a cyclic polymer.
- a fluorine-containing polymer having a unit based on a fluorine monomer hereinafter also referred to as polymer (A2) is preferred, and polymer (A1) is particularly preferred.
- cyclic fluorine-containing monomer a monomer having a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring and having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms constituting the ring of the aliphatic ring, and a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring
- a monomer having a polymerizable double bond between a carbon atom constituting a ring and a carbon atom not constituting a ring is preferable.
- the polymer (A1) and the polymer (A2) are perfluoropolymers, that is, polymers in which hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in all units contained in the polymer are units substituted with fluorine atoms. Preferably there is.
- the diene fluorine-containing monomer is a monomer having two polymerizable double bonds and a fluorine atom.
- the polymerizable double bond includes a carbon-carbon double bond in a vinyl group, an allyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group, a group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms of these groups are substituted with fluorine atoms, and the like.
- a double bond is mentioned.
- the diene fluorine-containing monomer the following compound (m1) is preferable.
- Q is a perfluoroalkylene group which may have an etheric oxygen atom, and a part of the fluorine atom may be substituted with a halogen atom other than the fluorine atom.
- Examples of the unit formed by cyclopolymerization of the compound (m1) include the following units (1-1) to (1-4).
- the number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkylene group in Q is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 5, and particularly preferably 1 to 3.
- the perfluoroarlen group may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear. Examples of halogen atoms other than fluorine atoms include chlorine atoms and bromine atoms.
- Q is preferably a perfluoroalkylene group having an etheric oxygen atom.
- Examples of such a group include a group having an etheric oxygen atom at one end of the perfluoroalkylene group, a group having an etheric oxygen atom at both ends of the perfluoroalkylene group, and an etheric oxygen atom between the carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkylene group.
- Q is preferably a group having an etheric oxygen atom at one end of the perfluoroalkylene group from the viewpoint of cyclopolymerization.
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF (CF 3)
- CF CF 2
- CF 2 CFOCF (CF 3)
- CF 2 CF CF 2
- CFOCFClCF 2 CF CF 2
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2
- CF 2 CFCF 2
- CF 2 CFCF 2
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF
- CF 2 CFOCF 2 CF 2 CF ⁇ CF 2 is preferred.
- the polymer (A1) may further have units other than the units formed by cyclopolymerization of the diene fluorine-containing monomer.
- the other unit is not particularly limited as long as it is based on a monomer copolymerizable with the diene fluorine-containing monomer.
- monomers include fluorine-containing olefins such as tetrafluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorine-containing vinyl ethers such as perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether), and monomers having a reactive functional group.
- the monomer having a reactive functional group include a monomer having a polymerizable double bond and a reactive functional group.
- Examples of the polymerizable double bond include CF 2 ⁇ CF—, CF 2 ⁇ CH—, CH 2 ⁇ CF—, CFH ⁇ CF—, CFH ⁇ CH—, CF 2 ⁇ C—, CF ⁇ CF—, and the like.
- Examples of the reactive functional group include those described above.
- As the monomer copolymerizable with the diene fluorine-containing monomer a perfluoro monomer is preferable.
- the proportion of units formed by cyclopolymerization of the diene-based fluorinated monomer is preferably 50 mol% or more based on the total of all units constituting the polymer (A1), and 75 Mole% or more is more preferable, and 100 mol% is particularly preferable.
- the polymer (A1) may have a reactive functional group at the end of the main chain. Examples of the reactive functional group include those described above.
- the cyclic fluorine-containing monomer includes a fluorine-containing aliphatic ring, a monomer having a polymerizable double bond between carbon atoms constituting the ring of the fluorine-containing aliphatic ring, the fluorine-containing aliphatic ring and the A monomer having a polymerizable double bond between a carbon atom constituting the ring of the fluorinated aliphatic ring and a carbon atom not constituting the ring, and the like.
- the cyclic fluorine-containing monomer the following compound (m2) and compound (m3) are preferable.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group, a group having an etheric oxygen atom between carbon atoms of a perfluoroalkyl group, or perfluoroalkoxy. Or a group having an etheric oxygen atom between the carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkoxy group, and X 3 and X 4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- the unit based on the compound (m2) is the following unit (2), and the unit based on the compound (m3) is the following unit (3).
- the number of carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group in X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , Y 1 and Y 2 is preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 1 to 5, and particularly preferably 1 to 4.
- the perfluoroalkyl group is preferably linear or branched, and particularly preferably linear.
- As the perfluoroalkyl group a trifluoromethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, and a heptafluoropropyl group are preferable, and a trifluoromethyl group is particularly preferable.
- Examples of the perfluoroalkoxy group include those in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the perfluoroalkyl group, and a trifluoromethoxy group is particularly preferable.
- an etheric oxygen atom may be present between the carbon atoms of the perfluoroalkyl group or the perfluoroalkoxy group.
- X 1 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- X 2 is preferably a fluorine atom, a trifluoromethyl group or a perfluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethoxy group.
- X 3 and X 4 are each independently preferably a fluorine atom or a C 1-4 perfluoroalkyl group, particularly preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
- the number of atoms constituting the ring of this ring is preferably 4 to 7, and more preferably 5 to 6.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently preferably a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a perfluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group.
- compound (m2) include compounds (m21) to (m25).
- compound (m3) include compounds (m31) to (m32).
- the polymer (A2) may further have units other than the units based on the cyclic fluorine-containing monomer.
- the other unit is not particularly limited as long as it is based on a monomer copolymerizable with the cyclic fluorine-containing monomer.
- Examples of such a monomer include a fluorine-containing olefin, a fluorine-containing vinyl ether, a diene-based fluorine-containing monomer, and a monomer having a reactive functional group. These monomers are the same as those described above.
- perfluoroolefins such as tetrafluoroethylene
- perfluoromonomers such as fluorine-containing vinyl ethers such as perfluoro (methyl vinyl ether)
- the polymer (A2) a copolymer of a unit based on the cyclic fluorine-containing monomer and tetrafluoroethylene is particularly preferable.
- a copolymer having a unit based on a cyclic fluorine-containing monomer and a unit formed by cyclopolymerization of a diene-based fluorine-containing monomer is considered as a polymer (A2).
- the proportion of units based on the cyclic fluorine-containing monomer is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, based on the total of all units constituting the polymer (A2). 100 mol% may be sufficient.
- the polymer (A2) may have a reactive functional group at the main chain terminal. Examples of the reactive functional group include those described above.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluorinated polymer A is preferably 50,000 to 1,000,000, particularly preferably 50,000 to 300,000.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer A is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the film strength is more excellent. If the mass average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer A is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the film-forming property is excellent.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer is a value in terms of standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography.
- fluororesin A one produced by a known production method may be used, or a commercially available product may be used.
- the commercially available fluoropolymer A include CYTOP (registered trademark, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), Teflon AF (registered trademark, manufactured by Mitsui DuPont, Fluorochemical Co., Ltd.), and Hyflon AD (registered trademark, manufactured by Solvay).
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent B is 5 or more, preferably 6 or more, and particularly preferably 7 or more.
- the composition can be stably discharged from the nozzle of the electrospray apparatus (excellent discharge property).
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent is 5 or more.
- the solvent B is composed of two or more kinds of solvents, in order to make the relative permittivity of the solvent B 5 or more, the solvent B is at least a solvent having a relative permittivity of 5 or more (hereinafter referred to as “high relative permittivity solvent”).
- the solvent B further includes a solvent having a relative dielectric constant of less than 5 (hereinafter, also referred to as “low relative dielectric constant solvent”) in a range where the relative dielectric constant of the entire solvent B is 5 or more, as necessary. be able to.
- the relative dielectric constant is measured by a parallel plate capacitor method.
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent B is preferably 10 or less, particularly preferably 8 or less.
- the higher the relative dielectric constant the better in terms of excellent dischargeability, but the polarity tends to increase as the relative dielectric constant increases. When the polarity increases, the solubility of the fluoropolymer A tends to decrease. If the relative dielectric constant is not more than the above upper limit value, it is easy to ensure the solubility of the fluoropolymer A.
- the solvent B includes one or more solvents having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher (hereinafter also referred to as “high boiling solvent”). While the droplets discharged from the nozzles of the electrospray apparatus adhere to the substrate, the solvent B contained in the droplets evaporates, but the high boiling point solvent is less likely to volatilize. When the solvent B contains a high-boiling solvent, the droplets with the solvent remaining sufficiently adhere to the substrate and level, and a coating film having excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness can be obtained. From such a viewpoint, the boiling point of the high boiling point solvent is preferably 170 ° C. or higher.
- the upper limit of the boiling point of the high-boiling solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 250 ° C. and particularly preferably 200 ° C. in terms of shortening the drying time.
- the high boiling point solvent may be a high relative dielectric constant solvent or a low relative dielectric constant solvent.
- the high boiling point solvent is typically a solvent capable of dissolving the fluoropolymer A. Thereby, it can suppress that fluoropolymer A precipitates in a droplet before the droplet of this composition discharged from the nozzle of the electrospray apparatus adheres to a base material. When the fluoropolymer A is deposited, the droplets are not sufficiently leveled, the in-plane uniformity of the coating film is insufficient, and the surface roughness may be increased.
- the high boiling point solvent is preferably a fluorine-containing solvent having a fluorine atom content of 70% by mass or more from the solubility of the fluorine-containing polymer A.
- the fluorine atom content rate (henceforth "F content rate”) of a solvent is calculated
- F content number of fluorine atoms in molecule ⁇ 19 / molecular weight ⁇ 100
- the solvent B can further contain a solvent other than the high boiling point solvent (that is, a solvent having a boiling point of less than 150 ° C.).
- the content of the high boiling point solvent in the solvent B is preferably 35% by mass or more with respect to the total mass of the solvent B. If the content of the high boiling point solvent is equal to or more than the lower limit, droplets containing more solvent adhere to the substrate, the in-plane uniformity of the coating film tends to be better, and the surface roughness tends to be smaller. is there. Further, the content of the high boiling point solvent in the solvent B is preferably 95% by mass or less, more preferably 60% by mass or less, still more preferably 52% by mass or less, and 40% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the solvent B.
- the content of the high boiling point solvent in the solvent B is preferably 35 to 95% by mass, more preferably 35 to 60% by mass, further preferably 35 to 52% by mass, and more preferably 35 to 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solvent. Mass% is particularly preferred.
- the surface tension of the solvent B is preferably 15 to 17 mN / m, particularly preferably 15 to 16 mN / m. When the surface tension is within the above range, the discharge stability is more excellent.
- the surface tension of the solvent (B) is the surface tension of the entire solvent (B), as is the relative dielectric constant. The surface tension is measured by a plate method.
- the vapor pressure of the solvent B at 20 ° C. is preferably 5,000 to 8,000 Pa, particularly preferably 5,000 to 7,500 Pa.
- the vapor pressure of the solvent B is the vapor pressure of the whole solvent (B), like the relative dielectric constant.
- the vapor pressure of a single solvent is measured by a static method.
- the vapor pressure of the mixed solvent is obtained by Raoul's law using the value of the vapor pressure of a single solvent.
- the viscosity of the solvent B at 25 ° C. is preferably 2.0 to 20 mPa ⁇ s, particularly preferably 2.7 to 11 mPa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity of the solvent (B) is a value measured by an E-type viscometer.
- a fluorine-containing solvent having an F content of 70% by mass or more is preferable, but such a high boiling solvent having a high F content is usually a low dielectric constant solvent. is there.
- a high dielectric constant solvent usually has a low solubility of the fluoropolymer A.
- the boiling point of the high dielectric constant solvent having fluorine atoms is often less than 150 ° C.
- the solvent B is preferably a mixed solvent of a high boiling point solvent having a high F content and a high relative dielectric constant solvent.
- a solvent other than the high boiling point solvent such as a high dielectric constant solvent
- the solvent B is preferably a mixed solvent of a high-dielectric constant solvent having a boiling point of less than 150 ° C. and a high-boiling solvent, and a high-boiling solvent being a low-dielectric constant solvent and a high-dielectric constant.
- the solvent is a mixed solvent with a specific solvent, and these solvents are all preferably fluorinated solvents.
- both the high boiling point solvent and the high relative dielectric constant solvent are fluorine-containing solvents, if there is a difference in the F content, the compatibility between them may not be sufficient. In that case, in order to improve both compatibility, it is preferable that the solvent B contains the 3rd fluorine-containing solvent with high compatibility with both.
- the solvent B includes a solvent X that is a perfluoro compound, a solvent Y that is at least one of a hydrofluorocarbon (hereinafter also referred to as “HFC”) and a hydrofluoroether (hereinafter also referred to as “HFE”), and a fluorine-containing alcohol. It is preferable to contain the solvent Z which is. Since the solvent X is a perfluoro compound and has a high F content, the solubility of the fluoropolymer A is high. When the solvent B contains the solvent X, the fluoropolymer A can be dissolved well. On the other hand, the solvent X tends to have a low polarity and a low relative dielectric constant.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- HFE hydrofluoroether
- the solvent Z has a higher polarity than the solvent X and tends to have a high relative dielectric constant. Usually, the relative dielectric constant exceeds 5. Therefore, when the solvent Z is included, the relative dielectric constant of the solvent B is easily set to 5 or more. Since the solvent Y is a fluoro compound containing a hydrogen atom, the compatibility with both the solvent X and the solvent Z is good. Therefore, when the solvent Y is included, the solvent X and the solvent Z can be blended, and the uniformity of the solvent B can be improved.
- At least one of the solvent X, the solvent Y, and the solvent Z includes a high boiling point solvent.
- at least one of the solvent X and the solvent Y is preferably a high-boiling solvent, and the solvent X is particularly preferably a high-boiling solvent.
- the F content of the solvent X is preferably 70 to 90% by mass, more preferably 72 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 75 to 90% by mass. If F content rate is more than the lower limit of the said range, it will be excellent in the solubility of the fluoropolymer A, and affinity with another solvent.
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent X is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 1.5 to 2.5. Examples of the solvent X include perfluorotrialkylamines and perfluoroaliphatic cyclic compounds.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group (perfluoroalkyl group) in the perfluorotrialkylamine is preferably 10-15.
- a perfluoroaliphatic cyclic compound is a perfluoro compound having an aliphatic ring.
- the aliphatic ring are the same as those described above.
- the aliphatic ring in the perfluoroaliphatic cyclic compound is a perfluoroaliphatic ring.
- Specific examples of the solvent X include the following solvents.
- Heptacosafluorotributylamine (F content 76.4% by mass, relative dielectric constant 1.94, boiling point 174 ° C.), perfluorotripentylamine (F content 76.4% by mass, non-dielectric constant 1.98, boiling point 215
- Perfluorotrialkylamine such as 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4a, 4b, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8a, 9, 9 , 10,10,10a-tetracosafluorophenanthrene (F content 73.1% by mass, relative dielectric constant 2.01, boiling point 215 ° C.), 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a , 4b, 5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a, 9,9,9a-docosafluorofluorene (F content 72.8%, relative dielectric constant 1.99, boiling point 194 ° C.
- Perfluoroaliphatic cyclic compounds such as perfluoro compounds such as ptadecafluorodecahydro-8- (trifluoromethyl) naphthalene (F content 74.2% by mass, relative dielectric constant 1.97, boiling point 160 ° C.).
- perfluoro compounds such as ptadecafluorodecahydro-8- (trifluoromethyl) naphthalene (F content 74.2% by mass, relative dielectric constant 1.97, boiling point 160 ° C.).
- solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- heptacosafluorotributylamine is particularly preferable in that it has an appropriate boiling point.
- the F content of the solvent Y is preferably 70 to 75% by mass. If F content rate is in the said range, the solvent Y is excellent in affinity with the solvent X and the solvent Z.
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent Y is not particularly limited, and may be 6 to 10, for example. Specific examples of the solvent Y include the following solvents.
- the solvent Y is 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3-methoxy-2- (trifluoromethyl) in that the relative dielectric constant is 6 or more. Pentane is particularly preferred.
- the F content of the solvent Z is preferably 55 to 70% by mass.
- the relative dielectric constant of the solvent Z is preferably 15 to 30, particularly preferably 18 to 30.
- Specific examples of the solvent Z include the following solvents. Hexafluoro-2-propanol (F content 67.8% by mass, non-dielectric constant 18.3, boiling point 59 ° C.), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (F content 57.0% by mass, non-dielectric constant) 26.9, boiling point 73.6 ° C.), 2,2,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol (F content 63.3 mass%, non-dielectric constant 18.7, boiling point 81 ° C.), 1,1 , 2,2-tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether (Asahiclin AE3000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., F content 66.5% by mass, non-dielectric constant 6.69, boiling point 56 ° C.), 2,
- Fluorine-containing alcohols such as 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-tridecafluoro-1-n-octanol (F content 67.8% by mass, non-dielectric constant 8.92, boiling point 180 ° C.) .
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hexafluoro-2-propanol is particularly preferable in that it has excellent affinity with the fluorinated polymer A, has an appropriate vapor pressure, and becomes an incombustible solution.
- the content of the solvent X is 35 to 60% by mass and the content of the solvent Y is 35 to 60% by mass with respect to the total of the solvent X, the solvent Y, and the solvent Z. %
- the content of the solvent Z is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, the content of the solvent X is 35 to 52% by mass, the content of the solvent Y is 35 to 57% by mass, and the content of the solvent Z is 8%. More preferably, the content of the solvent X is 35 to 40% by mass, the content of the solvent Y is 35 to 55% by mass, and the content of the solvent Z is 10 to 30% by mass. Particularly preferred.
- the content of the fluoropolymer A in the composition is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more, based on the solid content (100% by mass) of the composition. Preferably, it may be 100% by mass. If the content of the fluoropolymer A is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the formed coating film has heat resistance, chemical resistance, water repellency, weather resistance, electrical insulation, optical properties, non-adhesiveness, Excellent due to low friction and flame resistance.
- the content of the solvent B in the present composition is preferably such that the solid content concentration of the present composition is 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the solid content concentration of the present composition is more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 2% by mass.
- the content of the fluorinated polymer A in the present composition is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass. 0.5 to 2% by mass is particularly preferable. If the solid content concentration is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the composition is more excellent in film forming properties. If the solid content concentration is not more than the upper limit of the above range, the present composition is more excellent in ejection stability.
- the solid content of the present composition can also be obtained as a residue obtained by putting 1.0 g of the present composition into an aluminum cup and drying it in an oven at 180 ° C. for 180 minutes.
- the composition contains a fluoropolymer A and a solvent B.
- the solvent B contains one or more high-boiling solvents having a boiling point of 150 ° C. or higher and a relative dielectric constant of 5 or higher. Therefore, this composition containing the fluoropolymer A can form a coating film having excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness using an electrospray apparatus. Since the relative dielectric constant of the solvent B is 5 or more, the present composition can be discharged stably from the nozzle of the electrospray apparatus, and a coating film can be formed on the substrate. Further, the discharged droplets of the present composition adhere to the base material in a state where the solvent is sufficiently left, and are excellent in leveling properties. Therefore, the coating film has excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness.
- the above effect is particularly excellent.
- the fluorine-containing solvent is easily negatively charged.
- the electrospray device will be described in detail later, but when the solution to be applied is discharged from the nozzle, the solution is positively charged. Therefore, the fluorine-containing solvent is not suitable as a solvent for the solution to be applied by the electrospray device.
- the nozzles of the electrospray apparatus are used. It turned out that it can discharge favorably.
- the present composition is applied onto a substrate using an electrospray apparatus, and the fluoropolymer A is contained. It has the process (film forming process) of forming a film (film forming).
- This manufacturing method uses a so-called electrospray deposition method.
- the present manufacturing method will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an electrospray apparatus used in the present embodiment.
- the electrospray apparatus 1 of this example includes a nozzle 3, a counter electrode 5, and a power source 7.
- the nozzle 3 is disposed with the tip side facing downward in the direction of gravity.
- the counter electrode 5 is a plate-like member formed of a conductive material (for example, metal).
- the counter electrode 5 is disposed on the lower side (front end side) of the nozzle 3 so as to be separated from the front end of the nozzle 1.
- the distance between the nozzle 3 and the counter electrode 5 is set according to the distance between the tip of the nozzle 3 and the base material 9 disposed on the counter electrode 5 (on the nozzle 3 side).
- a supply pipe 11 for supplying the composition to the nozzle 3 is connected to the nozzle 3.
- the nozzle 3 is connected to the positive electrode of the power source 7 via the cable 13, and the counter electrode 5 is connected to the negative electrode of the power source 7 and the ground via the cable 15.
- the composition can be supplied to the nozzle 3, and the voltage generated by the power source 7 can be applied between the nozzle 3 and the counter electrode 5.
- Base material There is no restriction
- the base material having a single-layer structure include substrates such as glass, sapphire, quartz, silicon wafer, cycloolefin polymer (COP), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate ( PET, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide or other resin sheet or film, nickel, copper, stainless steel (SUS), silver, aluminum or other metal substrate Can be mentioned.
- substrates such as glass, sapphire, quartz, silicon wafer, cycloolefin polymer (COP), polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate ( PET, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene
- the base material having a multilayer structure for example, a base material obtained by laminating an organic material (parylene, etc.) or an inorganic material (metal film, etc.) by various methods such as lamination, coating, vapor deposition, etc. Can be mentioned.
- a base material obtained by laminating an organic material (parylene, etc.) or an inorganic material (metal film, etc.) by various methods such as lamination, coating, vapor deposition, etc. can be mentioned.
- thickness of the base material 9 According to the material etc. of the base material 9, it can set suitably.
- the thickness is preferably 100 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and in the case of a resin film, the thickness is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the organic material or inorganic material layer laminated on the base material is preferably 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m, for example.
- the shape of the base material 9 is not limited to a sheet-like base material as illustrated, and may be a three-dimensional shape. Examples of the three-dimensional shape include a curved substrate (bottle shape), a patterning substrate (moth eye structure, organic TFT (thin film transistor) substrate), other concavo-convex substrate, and a fibrous substance (nonwoven fabric).
- the composition is applied onto the substrate 9 using the electrospray apparatus 10.
- application of the present composition is performed as follows.
- a substrate 9 is disposed on the counter electrode 5.
- the composition is supplied to the nozzle 3 through the supply pipe 11, and a voltage of several thousand to several tens of thousands of volts is applied between the nozzle 3 and the counter electrode 5 by the power source 7.
- a voltage is applied in this way, a strong electric field is generated at the tip of the nozzle 3 due to the electric field concentration effect, the liquid surface of the present composition at the tip of the nozzle 3 is charged, and Taylor cone (Taylor) is caused by the interaction with the electric field.
- a conical meniscus called -cone is formed.
- the electrostatic repulsion force at the liquid level increases.
- droplets called jets are sprayed from the tip of the Taylor cone. All of the sprayed droplets are positively charged, and the charged droplets are divided by the electrostatic repulsion force and become finer. Since the droplet size is very small, the volatilization of the solvent contained in the droplet progresses in a short period of time, the droplet charge density increases, and further fragmentation of the divided droplets is repeated. Refinement proceeds.
- the fine droplets are guided by an electric field formed between the nozzle 3 and the counter electrode 5 and adhere to the base material 9 on the counter electrode 5.
- this composition is apply
- the solvent contained in the wet film is a solvent after a part of the solvent B contained in the composition is volatilized.
- the fluorinated polymer A is deposited with the volatilization of the solvent, and a coating film is formed.
- the film forming conditions such as the voltage applied to the nozzle 3, the distance between the tip of the nozzle 3 and the base material 9, and the supply speed of the composition to the nozzle 3 are the size of the base material 9 (film forming range). Depending on the thickness of the coating film to be formed, etc., it is appropriately set.
- the voltage applied to the nozzle 3 affects the spray mode of droplets from the nozzle 3.
- the spray mode affects the deposit state of droplets on the substrate 9.
- the spray mode includes a single jet mode in which one droplet (jet) is ejected from the nozzle 3 and a multi-jet mode in which a plurality of droplets (jet) are ejected from the nozzle 3.
- the single jet mode one deposit is formed on the substrate 9.
- the multi-jet mode a plurality of deposits corresponding to the number of droplets are formed on the substrate 9.
- the deposit is generally circular, and the size of the deposit tends to decrease as the number of droplets increases.
- the mode changes from the single jet mode to the multi jet mode.
- the discharge angle of the plurality of droplets from the nozzle 3 increases, and the distance between the plurality of deposits tends to increase.
- a voltage in the vicinity of switching between the single jet mode and the multi jet mode is preferable. The wider the voltage range in which the continuous film is formed, the more stably it can be applied. The higher the relative dielectric constant of the solvent (B) of the present composition, the wider the voltage range in which a continuous film is formed.
- the voltage applied to the nozzle 3 can be appropriately set in consideration of the above points and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 30 kV, more preferably 5 to 25 kV, and particularly preferably 10 to 20 kV.
- the voltage is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, the area on which the present composition is applied on the substrate 9 can be sufficiently increased, and the productivity of coating film formation is excellent. If the voltage is less than or equal to the upper limit of the above range, the composition is difficult to be applied mottled on the substrate 9, and a coating film excellent in in-plane uniformity is easily obtained.
- the distance between the tip of the nozzle 3 and the base material 9 can be appropriately set in consideration of the above points and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 mm, more preferably 30 to 200 mm, and particularly preferably 50 to 150 mm.
- the distance is equal to or greater than the lower limit of the above range, the area on which the composition on the substrate 9 is applied can be sufficiently increased, and the productivity of coating film formation is excellent.
- the distance is less than or equal to the upper limit of the above range, the present composition is difficult to be applied mottled on the substrate 9, and a coating film excellent in in-plane uniformity is easily obtained.
- the solvent does not evaporate excessively until the droplets of the present composition adhere to the substrate 9, and the fluoropolymer A does not precipitate or the leveling of the droplets does not become insufficient. A coating film with small roughness is easily obtained.
- the supply speed of the composition to the nozzle 3 and the voltage at which the spray mode (single jet mode to multi jet mode) in which a continuous film is formed on the substrate 9 are in a proportional relationship. For example, when the supply speed is lowered, the voltage at which the single jet mode and the multi jet mode are switched increases as the distance between the tip and the substrate 9 increases, and the electric field strength decreases. As the distance between the tip of the nozzle 3 and the substrate 9 is shorter, the voltage in the spray mode in which the continuous film is formed shifts to the lower voltage side. The voltage range hardly changes.
- the supply rate of the present composition to the nozzle 3 can be appropriately set in consideration of the above points, and is not particularly limited. For example, it is preferably 10 to 2,000 ⁇ L / min per nozzle, 50 to 1, 000 ⁇ L / min is more preferable, and 100 to 1,000 ⁇ L / min is particularly preferable. If the supply speed is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the above range, a solvent sufficient for leveling tends to remain in the droplets adhering to the substrate 9, and the coating film has excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness. Easy to form. Moreover, it is excellent in productivity of coating film formation. If the supply speed is equal to or lower than the upper limit of the above range, the voltage applied to the nozzle 3 can be sufficiently lowered.
- a method for drying the formed wet film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of heating using a known drying apparatus.
- the method and configuration of the drying apparatus are not limited.
- the heating conditions may be any as long as the solvent (such as a high boiling point solvent) remaining in the wet film can be removed.
- the heating temperature is 100 to 250 ° C. and the heating time is 10 to 100 minutes.
- a coating film is formed on the substrate 9, and a substrate with a coating film is obtained.
- the thickness of the coating film can be appropriately set in consideration of the application of the substrate with the coating film, etc., and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 ⁇ m, for example, 0.1 to 500 ⁇ m Is more preferable, and 1 to 20 ⁇ m is particularly preferable.
- the substrate with a coating film include, for example, an insulating water repellent layer of an EW (electrowetting) device and a protective film of an organic TFT.
- the present manufacturing method has been described above by showing the embodiment, but the present manufacturing method is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications and improvements can be made within the scope of the present invention.
- the electrospray apparatus used in the present manufacturing method is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1, and various known electrospray apparatuses, for example, an electrospray apparatus as disclosed in International Publication No. 2015/118983 are used. be able to.
- a mask in which holes are formed in an arbitrary pattern may be disposed between the nozzle 3 and the substrate 9. Thereby, a coating film can be formed in the base material 9 with the said pattern.
- the coating film contains a fluoropolymer having an aliphatic ring and has excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness.
- application using an electrospray apparatus has various advantages. For example, since an electric field is used, the efficiency of applying droplets is higher than that of coating without using an electric field, and the use efficiency of a material such as the fluoropolymer A is high.
- a coating film can be formed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the apparatus has a simple structure and is low in cost. The advantage that a thin film can be uniformly formed on an uneven surface, and the use of a mask makes it possible to form a coating film having an arbitrary shape.
- the mass (g) of the aluminum pan is measured to 4 digits after the decimal point, and 1.0 g (measured to 4 digits after the decimal point) of the sample is measured on the aluminum pan.
- the oven is heated up to 180 ° C., and after reaching 180 ° C., the aluminum pan is placed in the oven and the sample is dried by performing a steady operation for 3 hours.
- Solid content concentration [% by mass] (aluminum dish mass after sample drying ⁇ aluminum dish mass) / sample mass before drying ⁇ 100
- dischargeability For the evaluation of the dischargeability, an electrospray apparatus (manufactured by Fence, ES-2000) having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was used. As the nozzle 3, a nozzle having an inner diameter of 0.52 mm was used. A substrate 9 is placed on the counter electrode 5 of the electrospray device, the composition is supplied to the nozzle 3 at a supply rate (flow rate) of 1100 ⁇ L / min, and a voltage of 18 V is applied between the nozzle 3 and the counter electrode 5. did. A glass substrate having a thickness of 1 mm was used as the substrate 9 and the distance between the tip of the nozzle 3 and the surface of the substrate 9 was 6 cm.
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of any 5 points in the area of 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm is calculated according to JIS B0601: 2013 (product geometric property specification (GPS) -surface Properties: Contour Curve Method—Terms, Definitions, and Surface Property Parameters) Measured with a contact-type film thickness meter (DEKTAK, model number DektakXT, manufactured by BRUKER), and evaluated from the average values based on the following criteria.
- the measurement conditions for Ra were a standard length of 8 mm and an evaluation length of 40 mm.
- fluoropolymer A a homopolymer obtained by cyclopolymerization of perfluoro (3-butenyl vinyl ether) and having a main chain terminal group of COOH was used. This fluoropolymer was obtained by removing the solvent of CYTOP CTL-809A (product name, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
- Example 1 Fluoropolymer A and the solvent shown in Table 3 were mixed so that the solid content concentration was 1% to obtain a solution-like composition. About this composition, the discharge property, the film forming property 1, and the film forming property 2 were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 3. However, in Example 7, since the composition became cloudy (the fluoropolymer A was not sufficiently dissolved), these evaluations were not performed. In addition, among the other examples, the evaluation of the film forming property 1 and the film forming property 2 was not performed for those in which the evaluation result of the discharge property was x. In Table 2, X / Y / Z represents a mass ratio of the solvent X, the solvent Y, and the solvent Z. The relative dielectric constant and the surface tension are values for the entire solvent.
- compositions of Examples 1 to 5, 8 to 10, and 12 to 13 having a relative dielectric constant of less than 5 cannot be ejected from the nozzle, or even if ejected, the stability is low, and the in-plane uniformity of the coating film is insufficient. there were.
- the composition of Example 6 in which the solvent is only the solvent Y and does not contain the high boiling point solvent is unstable in discharge, and the formed coating film has insufficient in-plane uniformity and large surface roughness. there were.
- fluoropolymer A was not sufficiently dissolved in the solvent.
- Example 11 The composition of Example 11 in which the solvent is a mixed solvent of the solvent Y and the solvent Z and does not contain a high boiling point solvent has good ejection properties, but the in-plane uniformity of the coating film is insufficient and the surface roughness Was big.
- the compositions of Examples 14 to 22 were able to be stably ejected, and a coating film having excellent in-plane uniformity and small surface roughness could be formed.
- the coating film formed from the composition of the present invention contains the fluoropolymer A, heat resistance, chemical resistance, water repellency, weather resistance, electrical insulation, optical characteristics, non-adhesiveness, low friction, Excellent flame retardancy. Because of these characteristics, it can be used in various fields such as chemistry, electricity / electronics, semiconductors, architecture, and automobiles. For example, it can be used as a gate insulating film or protective film of an organic TFT, an insulating water-repellent film or protective film of an electronic device such as an EW device, and a water- and oil-repellent film. It should be noted that the entire contents of the specification, claims, abstract and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-197365 filed on October 05, 2016 are cited herein as disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Incorporated.
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Abstract
Description
[1]脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体と、溶媒とを含む組成物であって、
前記溶媒が、比誘電率が5以上の溶媒であり、沸点が150℃以上の溶媒を含むことを特徴とする組成物。
[2]前記フッ素重合体が、主鎖に脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
[3]前記主鎖に脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体が、環化重合しうるジエン系含フッ素単量体の環化重合により形成された単位を有する含フッ素重合体、または、含フッ素脂肪族環を有しかつ該脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子間に重合性二重結合を有するかもしくは該脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子と環を構成しない炭素原子との間に重合性二重結合を有する単量体に基づく単位を有する含フッ素重合体である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
[4]前記溶媒が含フッ素溶媒の少なくとも1種からなる、[1]~[3]のいずれかの組成物。
[5]前記溶媒が2種以上の溶媒の混合物からなる比誘電率が5以上の混合溶媒であり、該混合溶媒中の一部の溶媒が比誘電率が5未満の溶媒である、[1]~[4]のいずれかの組成物。
[6]前記溶媒が2種以上の溶媒の混合物からなり、該混合溶媒中の一部の溶媒が沸点150℃未満の溶媒である、[1]~[5]のいずれかの組成物。
[8]前記溶媒Xの沸点が150℃以上である、[7]の組成物。
[9]前記溶媒Xが、ペルフルオロトリアルキルアミンおよびペルフルオロ脂肪族環式化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、[7]または[8]の組成物。
[10]前記溶媒Xが、ヘプタコサフルオロトリブチルアミン、ペルフルオロトリペンチルアミン、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,4b,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a,9,9,10,10,10a-テトラコサフルオロフェナントレン、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,4b,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a,9,9,9a-ドコサフルオロフルオレン、および1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8a-ヘプタデカフルオロデカヒドロ-8-(トリフルオロメチル)ナフタレンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、[7]~[9]のいずれかの組成物。
[11]前記溶媒Yが、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロヘキサン、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロオクタン、および1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-デカフルオロ-3-メトキシ-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、[7]~[10]のいずれかの組成物。
[12]前記溶媒Zが、ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノール、2,2,3,3-ペンタフルオロ-1-プロパノール、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルエーテル、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロパノール、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロ-1-ペンタノール、および1H,1H,2H,2H-トリデカフルオロ-1-n-オクタノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、[7]~[11]のいずれかの組成物。
[13]前記溶媒Xと前記溶媒Yと前記溶媒Zとの合計に対する、前記溶媒Xの含有率が35~60質量%、前記溶媒Yの含有率が35~60質量%、前記溶媒Zの含有率が5~30質量%である、[7]~[12]のいずれかの組成物。
[14]基材上に、[7]~[13]のいずれかの組成物を、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いて塗布し、前記溶媒を除去して前記含フッ素重合体を含む膜を形成する、膜付き基材の製造方法。
本発明の膜付き基材の製造方法によれば、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いて、脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体を含む、面内均一性に優れ表面粗さが小さい膜を有する膜付き基材を製造できる。
重合体の「単位」は、単量体が重合することによって形成された、該単量体1分子に由来する原子団を示す。単位は、重合反応によって直接形成された単位でもよく、重合反応によって得られた重合体を処理することによって該単位の一部が別の構造に変換された単位でもよい。
本発明の組成物(以下、「本組成物」ともいう。)は、脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体(「以下、「含フッ素重合体A」ともいう。)と、特定の溶媒とを含む。本組成物における特定の溶媒は、比誘電率が5以上の溶媒であって、かつ沸点が150℃以上の溶媒を含む溶媒であり、以下、この特定の溶媒を「溶媒B」ともいう。
本組成物は、典型的には、溶媒B中に含フッ素重合体Aが溶解した液状組成物である。
本組成物は、必要に応じて、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、含フッ素重合体Aおよび溶媒B以外の成分をさらに含んでもよい。
また、本組成物を基材に塗布して形成される本組成物の塗膜から溶媒を除去してなる、重合体Aを含む膜を、特に言及しない限り、「塗膜」という。なお、溶媒を除去する前の溶媒を含む膜は、「湿潤膜」ともいい、湿潤膜からの溶媒除去を「乾燥」ともいう。
含フッ素重合体Aは、炭素原子間に重合性二重結合を有しかつ炭素原子に結合したフッ素原子を有する単量体に基づく単位を有する、実質的に線状の含フッ素重合体からなる。含フッ素重合体Aが有する脂肪族環は、重合体の主鎖に存在していてもよく、側基に存在していてもよい。
含フッ素重合体Aとしては、溶媒に溶解しやすい点で、主鎖に脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体が好ましい。「主鎖に脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体」とは、脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子のうち少なくとも1つが含フッ素重合体の主鎖を構成する炭素原子である、含フッ素重合体であることを意味する。
脂肪族環は、4~7員環またはその縮合環が好ましく、5~6員環またはその縮合環が特に好ましい。
含フッ素脂肪族環は、環を構成する原子として1~2個のエーテル性酸素原子を有する含フッ素脂肪族複素環が好ましい。
含フッ素脂肪族環は、炭素-水素結合を有しないことが好ましい。すなわち脂肪族環を構成する炭素原子に結合する水素原子の全部が、フッ素原子を含み炭素-水素結合を有しない置換基またはフッ素原子に置換されるペルフルオロ脂肪族環が好ましい。
したがって、含フッ素脂肪族環は、環を構成する原子として1~2個のエーテル性酸素原子を有するペルフルオロ脂肪族環が特に好ましい。
また、重合体(A1)および重合体(A2)はペルフルオロ重合体、すなわち重合体に含まれるすべての単位における炭素原子に結合した水素原子がフッ素原子に置換されている単位である重合体、であることが好ましい。
ジエン系含フッ素単量体とは、2個の重合性二重結合およびフッ素原子を有する単量体である。重合性二重結合としては、ビニル基、アリル基、アクリロイル基、メタクリロイル基、これらの基の炭素原子に結合した水素原子の一部または全部がフッ素原子で置換された基等における炭素-炭素二重結合が挙げられる。
ジエン系含フッ素単量体としては、下記化合物(m1)が好ましい。
CF2=CF-Q-CF=CF2 ・・・(m1)。
(ただし、Qは、エーテル性酸素原子を有していてもよく、フッ素原子の一部がフッ素原子以外のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいペルフルオロアルキレン基である。)
フッ素原子以外のハロゲン原子としては、塩素原子、臭素原子等が挙げられる。
Qとしては、エーテル性酸素原子を有するペルフルオロアルキレン基が好ましい。このような基としては、ペルフルオロアルキレン基の一方の末端にエーテル性酸素原子を有する基、ペルフルオロアルキレン基の両末端にエーテル性酸素原子を有する基、ペルフルオロアルキレン基の炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を有する基等が挙げられる。ただし、炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子が存在する場合、ペルフルオロアルレン基の炭素数は2以上であり、好ましい上限は前記と同様である。Qとしては、環化重合性の点から、ペルフルオロアルキレン基の一方の末端にエーテル性酸素原子を有する基が好ましい。
CF2=CFOCF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF(CF3)CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF2CF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF(CF3)CF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCFClCF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCCl2CF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF2OCF=CF2、CF2=CFOC(CF3)2OCF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF2CF(OCF3)CF=CF2、CF2=CFCF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFCF2CF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFCF2OCF2CF=CF2。
化合物(m1)としては、CF2=CFOCF2CF=CF2、CF2=CFOCF2CF2CF=CF2およびCF2=CFOC(CF3)2OCF=CF2が好ましく、特にCF2=CFOCF2CF2CF=CF2が好ましい。
他の単位としては、ジエン系含フッ素単量体と共重合可能な単量体に基づくものであればよく、特に限定されない。このような単量体としては、例えば、テトラフルオロエチレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン等の含フッ素オレフィン、ペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)等の含フッ素ビニルエーテル、反応性官能基を有する単量体等が挙げられる。反応性官能基を有する単量体としては、重合性二重結合および反応性官能基を有する単量体が挙げられる。重合性二重結合としては、CF2=CF-、CF2=CH-、CH2=CF-、CFH=CF-、CFH=CH-、CF2=C-、CF=CF-等が挙げられる。反応性官能基としては、前記と同様のものが挙げられる。
ジエン系含フッ素単量体と共重合可能な単量体としては、ペルフルオロ単量体が好ましい。
重合体(A1)は、主鎖末端に反応性官能基を有してもよい。反応性官能基としては、前記と同様のものが挙げられる。
環状含フッ素単量体としては、含フッ素脂肪族環を含み、該含フッ素脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子間に重合性二重結合を有する単量体、含フッ素脂肪族環と該含フッ素脂肪族環外に存在する炭素原子とを含み、該含フッ素脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子と環を構成しない炭素原子との間に重合性二重結合を有する単量体等が挙げられる。
環状含フッ素単量体としては、下記化合物(m2)および化合物(m3)が好ましい。
ペルフルオロアルコキシ基としては、前記ペルフルオロアルキル基に酸素原子が結合したものが挙げられ、トリフルオロメトキシ基が特に好ましい。
前記ペルフルオロアルキル基またはペルフルオロアルコキシ基の炭素数が2以上である場合、前記ペルフルオロアルキル基またはペルフルオロアルコキシ基の炭素原子間にエーテル性酸素原子を有してもよい。
X2はフッ素原子、トリフルオロメチル基または炭素数1~4のペルフルオロアルコキシ基が好ましく、フッ素原子またはトリフルオロメトキシ基が特に好ましい。
X3およびX4はそれぞれ独立に、フッ素原子または炭素数1~4のペルフルオロアルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子またはトリフルオロメチル基が特に好ましい。
X3およびX4は相互に結合して環を形成する場合、この環の環を構成する原子の数は、4~7個が好ましく、5~6個がより好ましい。
Y1およびY2はそれぞれ独立に、フッ素原子、炭素数1~4のペルフルオロアルキル基または炭素数1~4のペルフルオロアルコキシ基が好ましく、フッ素原子またはトリフルオロメチル基が特に好ましい。
化合物(m3)の具体例として、化合物(m31)~(m32)が挙げられる。
他の単位としては、テトラフルオロエチレン等のペルフルオロオレフィン、ペルフルオロ(メチルビニルエーテル)等の含フッ素ビニルエーテル等のペルフルオロ単量体が好ましい。
重合体(A2)としては、前記環状含フッ素単量体に基づく単位とテトラフルオロエチレンとの共重合体が特に好ましい。
なお、環状含フッ素単量体に基づく単位と、ジエン系含フッ素単量体の環化重合により形成された単位とを有する共重合体は、重合体(A2)として考える。
重合体(A2)は、主鎖末端に反応性官能基を有してもよい。反応性官能基としては、前記と同様のものが挙げられる。
含フッ素重合体の質量平均分子量は、ゲル透過クロマトグラフィにより測定される標準ポリスチレン換算の値である。
溶媒Bの比誘電率は5以上であり、6以上が好ましく、7以上が特に好ましい。溶媒Bの比誘電率が前記下限値以上であれば、本組成物をエレクトロスプレー装置のノズルから安定して吐出できる(吐出性に優れる)。
溶媒Bが2種以上の溶媒からなる場合、溶媒Bの比誘電率を5以上とするために、溶媒Bは少なくとも、比誘電率が5以上の溶媒(以下、「高比誘電率溶媒」ともいう。)を含む。溶媒Bは、必要に応じて、溶媒B全体での比誘電率が5以上となる範囲で、比誘電率が5未満の溶媒(以下、「低比誘電率溶媒」ともいう。)をさらに含むことができる。
比誘電率は、平行板コンデンサ法により測定される。
高沸点溶媒の沸点の上限は特に限定されないが、乾燥時間短縮の点では、250℃が好ましく、200℃が特に好ましい。
高沸点溶媒は、高比誘電率溶媒でもよく、低比誘電率溶媒でもよい。
高沸点溶媒は、含フッ素重合体Aの溶解性から、フッ素原子含有率が70質量%以上の含フッ素溶媒が好ましい。
なお、溶媒のフッ素原子含有率(以下、「F含有率」ともいう。)は、下式により求められる。
F含有率=分子中のフッ素原子の数×19/分子量×100
溶媒B中の高沸点溶媒の含有量は、溶媒Bの総質量に対し、35質量%以上が好ましい。高沸点溶媒の含有量が前記下限値以上であれば、より多くの溶媒を含む液滴が基材に付着し、塗膜の面内均一性がより優れ、表面粗さがより小さくなる傾向がある。
また、溶媒B中の高沸点溶媒の含有量は、溶媒Bの総質量に対し、95質量%以下が好ましく、60質量%以下がより好ましく、52量%以下がさらに好ましく、40質量%以下が特に好ましい。高沸点溶媒の含有量が前記上限値以下であれば、吐出安定性により優れる傾向がある。
したがって、溶媒B中の高沸点溶媒の含有量は、溶媒の総質量に対し、35~95質量%が好ましく、35~60質量%がより好ましく、35~52質量%がさらに好ましく、35~40質量%が特に好ましい。
溶媒(B)の表面張力は、比誘電率と同様、溶媒(B)全体での表面張力である。
表面張力は、プレート法により測定される。
溶媒Bの蒸気圧は、比誘電率と同様、溶媒(B)全体での蒸気圧である。
単一溶媒の蒸気圧は、静止法により測定される。混合溶媒の蒸気圧は、単一溶媒の蒸気圧の値を用いてラウールの法則により求められる。
溶媒(B)の粘度は、E型粘度計により測定される値である。
したがって、含フッ素重合体Aに対する溶解性を考慮すると、溶媒Bとしては、F含有率が高い高沸点溶媒と高比誘電率溶媒の混合溶媒であることが好ましい。また、含フッ素重合体Aの溶解性を考慮すると、高沸点溶媒以外の溶媒(高比誘電率溶媒等)もまた含フッ素溶媒であることが好ましい。
すなわち、溶媒Bは、沸点が150℃未満の溶媒である高比誘電率溶媒と高沸点溶媒との混合溶媒であることが好ましく、また、低比誘電率溶媒である高沸点溶媒と高比誘電率溶媒との混合溶媒であることが好ましく、これら溶媒はいずれも含フッ素溶媒であることが好ましい。
さらに、高沸点溶媒と高比誘電率溶媒のいずれもが含フッ素溶媒であってもF含有率に差がある場合には、両者の相溶性が充分でない場合がある。その場合、両者の相溶性を高めるために、溶媒Bは両者に対して相溶性の高い第3の含フッ素溶媒を含むことが好ましい。
溶媒Xは、ペルフルオロ化合物でありF含有率が高いため、含フッ素重合体Aの溶解性が高く、溶媒Bが溶媒Xを含むと含フッ素重合体Aを良好に溶解できる。一方、溶媒Xは、極性が低く、比誘電率が低い傾向がある。溶媒Zは、溶媒Xに比べて極性が高く、比誘電率が高い傾向があり、通常、比誘電率が5を超える。そのため溶媒Zを含むと、溶媒Bの比誘電率を5以上にしやすい。溶媒Yは、水素原子を含むフルオロ化合物であるため、溶媒Xとも溶媒Zとも相溶性が良好である。そのため溶媒Yを含むと、溶媒Xと溶媒Zとをなじませ、溶媒Bの均一性を高めることができる。
高沸点溶媒が含フッ素重合体Aを溶解する溶媒が好ましい点から、溶媒Xおよび溶媒Yの少なくとも一方が高沸点溶媒であることが好ましく、溶媒Xが高沸点溶媒であることが特に好ましい。
溶媒Xの比誘電率は、特に限定されず、例えば1.5~2.5でもよい。
溶媒Xとしては、例えば、ペルフルオロトリアルキルアミン、ペルフルオロ脂肪族環式化合物が挙げられる。ペルフルオロトリアルキルアミンにおけるアルキル基(ペルフルオロアルキル基)の炭素数は、10~15が好ましい。ペルフルオロ脂肪族環式化合物は、脂肪族環を有するペルフルオロ化合物である。脂肪族環としては前記と同様のものが挙げられる。ただし、ペルフルオロ脂肪族環式化合物における脂肪族環はペルフルオロ脂肪族環である。
溶媒Xの具体例としては、以下の溶媒が挙げられる。
ヘプタコサフルオロトリブチルアミン(F含有率76.4質量%、比誘電率1.94、沸点174℃)、ペルフルオロトリペンチルアミン(F含有率76.4質量%、非誘電率1.98、沸点215℃)等のペルフルオロトリアルキルアミン;1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,4b,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a,9,9,10,10,10a-テトラコサフルオロフェナントレン(F含有率73.1質量%、比誘電率2.01、沸点215℃)、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,4b,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a,9,9,9a-ドコサフルオロフルオレン(F含有率72.8質%、比誘電率1.99、沸点194℃)、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8a-ヘプタデカフルオロデカヒドロ-8-(トリフルオロメチル)ナフタレン(F含有率74.2質量%、比誘電率1.97、沸点160℃)等のペルフルオロ化合物等のペルフルオロ脂肪族環式化合物等。
これらの溶媒は1種を単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
溶媒Xとしては、適度な沸点を有する点で、ヘプタコサフルオロトリブチルアミンが特に好ましい。
溶媒Yの比誘電率は、特に限定されず、例えば6~10でもよい。
溶媒Yの具体例としては、以下の溶媒が挙げられる。
1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロヘキサン(旭硝子社製アサヒクリン(登録商標)AC2000、F含有率77.2質量%、非誘電率3.31、沸点70.8℃)、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロオクタン(旭硝子社製アサヒクリン(登録商標)AC6000、F含有率70.9 質量%、非誘電率5.1、沸点114.7℃)等のHFC;1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-デカフルオロ-3-メトキシ-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタン(F含有率70.5質量%、非誘電率6.12、沸点98℃)等のHFE。
これらの溶媒は1種を単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
溶媒Yとしては、比誘電率が6以上である点で、1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-デカフルオロ-3-メトキシ-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタンが特に好ましい。
溶媒Zの比誘電率は、15~30が好ましく、18~30が特に好ましい。
溶媒Zの具体例としては、以下の溶媒が挙げられる。
ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール(F含有率67.8質量%、非誘電率18.3、沸点59℃)、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノール(F含有率57.0質量%、非誘電率26.9、沸点73.6℃)、2,2,3,3-ペンタフルオロ-1-プロパノール(F含有率63.3質量%、非誘電率18.7、沸点81℃)、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルエーテル(旭硝子社製アサヒクリンAE3000、F含有率66.5質量%、非誘電率6.69、沸点56℃)、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロパノール(F含有率57.5質量%、非誘電率21.2、沸点108℃)、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロ-1-ペンタノール(F含有率65.5質量%、非誘電率15.78、沸点140℃)、1H,1H,2H,2H-トリデカフルオロ-1-n-オクタノール(F含有率67.8質量%、非誘電率8.92、沸点180℃)等の含フッ素アルコール。
これらの溶媒は1種を単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
溶媒Zとしては、含フッ素重合体Aとの親和性に優れ、適度な蒸気圧を有し、不燃溶液になる点で、ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノールが特に好ましい。
本組成物中の含フッ素重合体Aの含有量は、本組成物の固形分(100質量%)に対し、50質量%以上が好ましく、70質量%以上がより好ましく、80質量%以上が特に好ましく、100質量%でもよい。含フッ素重合体Aの含有量が前記範囲の下限値以上であれば、形成される塗膜は、耐熱性、耐薬品性、撥水性、耐候性、電気絶縁性、光学特性、非粘着性、低摩擦性、難燃性等により優れる。
固形分濃度[質量%]=溶媒B以外の成分の合計質量/本組成物の総質量×100
本組成物の固形分は、1.0gの本組成物をアルミカップに入れ、180℃のオーブンで180分間乾燥させた残分として求めることもできる。
本組成物は、含フッ素重合体Aと溶媒Bとを含む。溶媒Bは、沸点が150℃以上の高沸点溶媒の1種以上を含み、比誘電率が5以上である。そのため、含フッ素重合体Aを含む本組成物は、面内均一性に優れ表面粗さが小さい塗膜を、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いて製膜できる。
溶媒Bの比誘電率が5以上であるので、本組成物をエレクトロスプレー装置のノズルから安定性良く吐出でき、基材上に塗膜を製膜できる。また、吐出された本組成物の液滴は、溶媒が充分に残存した状態で基材に付着し、レベリング性に優れる。そのため、塗膜が、面内均一性に優れ、表面粗さが小さいものとなる。
なお、含フッ素溶媒は負に帯電しやすい。エレクトロスプレー装置では、詳しくは後で説明するが、塗布する溶液をノズルから吐出させる際、溶液を正に帯電させるため、含フッ素溶媒は、エレクトロスプレー装置で塗布する溶液の溶媒としては適さないことが予想された。しかし、本発明者らの検討の結果、意外にも、含フッ素溶媒である溶媒X、Y、Zを用いて、溶媒B全体での比誘電率を5以上とすると、エレクトロスプレー装置のノズルから良好に吐出できることがわかった。
本発明の膜付き基材の製造方法(以下、「本製造方法」ともいう。)は、基材上に、本組成物を、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いて塗布し、含フッ素重合体Aを含む膜を形成(製膜)する工程(製膜工程)を有する。
本製造方法は、いわゆるエレクトロスプレーデポジション法を利用した方法である。
以下、本製造方法について、実施形態を示してより詳細に説明する。
図1は、本実施形態で用いられるエレクトロスプレー装置の一例を示す概略構成図である。この例のエレクトロスプレー装置1は、ノズル3と、対向電極5と、電源7とを有する。
対向電極5は、導電性材料(例えば金属)で形成された板状部材である。対向電極5は、ノズル3の下側(先端側)に、ノズル1の先端から離間して配置される。
ノズル3と対向電極5との間の距離は、ノズル3の先端と、対向電極5の上(ノズル3側)に配置される基材9との間の距離に応じて設定される。
基材9の材質としては、特に制限はなく、単層構造でもよく多層構造でもよい。単層構造の基材としては、例えば、ガラス、サファイア、石英、シリコンウエハー等の基板、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)、ポリイミド(PI)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)、ポリスチレン(PS)、ポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)、ポリアミド等の樹脂シートまたはフィルム、ニッケル、銅、ステンレス(SUS)、銀、アルミ等の金属基板が挙げられる。多層構造の基材としては、例えば、上記単層構造の基材に、ラミネート、コーティング、蒸着等の各種方法で有機材料(パリレン等)または無機材料(金属膜等)を積層させた基材が挙げられる。
基材9の厚さとしては、特に制限はなく、基材9の材質等に応じて適宜設定できる。例えば、 ガラス基板の場合、厚さ100μm~5mm、樹脂フィルムの場合、厚さ1μm~500μmが好ましい。多層構造の基材の場合、基材上に積層される有機材料または無機材料の層の厚さは、例えば厚さ10nm~100μmが好ましい。
基材9の形状は、図示するようなシート状の基材に限定されず、立体的な形状でもよい。立体的な形状としては、例えば曲面基板(ボトル状)、パターニング基板(モスアイ構造、有機TFT(薄膜トランジスタ)基板)、その他凹凸基板、繊維状物質(不織布等)が挙げられる。
本実施形態の製膜工程では、まず、前記エレクトロスプレー装置10を用いて、基材9上に本組成物を塗布する。エレクトロスプレー装置10において、本組成物の塗布は、以下のように行われる。
対向電極5上に基材9を配置する。また、供給管11を介して本組成物をノズル3に供給し、電源7によってノズル3と対向電極5との間に数千~数万Vの電圧を印加する。
このようにして電圧が印加されると、電界集中効果によりノズル3先端において強力な電界が発生し、ノズル3先端の本組成物の液面が帯電し、電界との相互作用によりテイラーコーン(Taylor-cone)と呼ばれる円錐状のメニスカスが形成される。電界が強くなるにつれて、液面での静電反発力が強くなる。液面での静電反発力が表面張力を上回ると、テイラーコーンの先端からジェットと呼ばれる液滴が噴霧される。噴霧された液滴は全て正に帯電しており、帯電した液滴同士が静電反発力によって分裂し、微細化する。液滴のサイズは非常に小さいため、短時間のうちに液滴に含まれる溶媒の揮発が進行し、液滴の電荷密度が増大し、分裂した液滴のさらなる分裂が繰り返されて液滴の微細化が進行する。微細化した液滴は、ノズル3と対向電極5との間に形成される電界に導かれて、対向電極5上の基材9に付着する。
このように基材9上に本組成物が塗布されて、湿潤膜が形成される。湿潤膜に含まれる溶媒は、本組成物に含まれる溶媒Bの一部が揮発した後のものである。
形成された湿潤膜を乾燥させると、溶媒の揮発に伴い含フッ素重合体Aが析出し、塗膜が製膜される。
スプレーモードには、ノズル3から1つの液滴(ジェット)が吐出されるシングルジェットモードと、ノズル3から複数の液滴(ジェット)が吐出されるマルチジェットモードとがある。シングルジェットモードでは、1つのデポジットが基材9上に形成される。マルチジェットモードでは、液滴の数に応じた複数のデポジットが基材9上に形成される。デポジットは概ね円形状であり、液滴の数が増えるにつれてデポジットの大きさが小さくなる傾向がある。
電圧を高くするに従い、シングルジェットモードからマルチジェットモードに変化する。また、さらに電圧を高くすると、ノズル3からの複数の液滴の吐出角度(ノズル3の軸方向に対する角度)が大きくなり、複数のデポジット間の距離が大きくなる傾向がある。
基材9上のなるべく広い範囲に連続膜を形成する点から、電圧としては、シングルジェットモードとマルチジェットモードとが切り替わる付近の電圧が好ましい。
連続膜が形成される電圧範囲が広いほど、安定して塗布できる。本組成物の溶媒(B)の比誘電率が高いほど、連続膜が形成される電圧範囲が広い傾向がある。
加熱条件は、湿潤膜中に残存する溶媒(高沸点溶媒等)を除去可能であればよい。例えば加熱温度100~250℃、加熱時間10~100分間の条件が挙げられる。
塗膜の厚さ(乾燥後の厚さ)は、塗膜付き基材の用途等を考慮して適宜設定でき特に限定されないが、例えば0.1~1,000μmが好ましく、0.1~500μmがより好ましく、1~20μmが特に好ましい。
例えば、本製造方法で用いられるエレクトロスプレー装置は、図1に示すものに限定されず、公知の各種のエレクトロスプレー装置、例えば国際公開第2015/118983号に開示されるようなエレクトロスプレー装置を用いることができる。
ノズル3と基材9との間に、任意のパターンで孔が形成されたマスクを配置してもよい。これにより、基材9に前記のパターンで塗膜を形成できる。
本製造方法にあっては、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いて基材上に本組成物を塗布すると、脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体を含む、面内均一性に優れ表面粗さが小さい塗膜を有する塗膜付き基材を製造できる。
また、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いた塗布には、種々の利点がある。例えば、電界を利用するため、電界を利用しない塗布に比べて液滴の塗着効率が高く、含フッ素重合体A等の材料の利用効率が高い。室温・大気圧で塗膜を形成可能であり、装置が簡易な構成で低コストである。凹凸面に均一に薄膜を形成できる利点、マスクを利用すると任意の形状の塗膜を形成できる等。
後述する例1~22のうち、例1~13は比較例であり、例14~22は実施例である。各例で使用した評価方法および材料を以下に示す。
(溶媒の比誘電率)
平行板コンデンサ法により測定した。
比誘電率の測定は、10kHz Sine波を印加させる液体用誘電率計(液体誘電率計M-870、日本ルフト社製)を使用し、室温環境下で、電極内に測定対象の溶媒(25℃)を23mL投入して実施した。精度は、誤差2%、再現性および測定誤差0.2%である(JIS C2138:2007)。
プレート法により測定した。具体的には、基板ガラス表面のぬれ生試験方法(JIS R3257:1999)の垂直板法に準ずる。室温25±5℃、湿度50±10%とする。表面張力計DY-300、協和界面科学社製を使用した。
平衡還流沸点試験方法により測定した。具体的には、「自動車用非鉱油系ブレーキ液」(JIS K2233:1989の7.1の規定に従って測定した。測定値は、「燃料油蒸留試験方法」(JIS K2254:1980の3.6の規定に従って標準気圧(101.325kPa{760mmHg})の値に補正し、この値を測定結果とする。
単一溶媒の蒸気圧は、静止法により測定した。混合溶媒の蒸気圧は、単一溶媒の蒸気圧の値を用いてラウールの法則により求めた。
25℃において、E型粘度計により測定した。
25℃において、溶媒84.15gに含フッ素重合体0.85gを添加し、ミックスロータ(アズワン社製、VMRC-5)で撹拌した。このときの溶媒中での含フッ素重合体の溶解状態を目視で観察した。
以下の式により算出した。
固形分濃度[質量%]=溶媒(B)以外の成分の合計質量/本組成物の総質量×100
ただし、以下の方法によって算出してもよい。
アルミ皿の質量(g)を小数点以下4桁まで測定し、サンプルをアルミ皿に1.0g(小数点以下4桁まで測定)計りとる。オーブンを180℃まで昇温させ、180℃到達後、アルミ皿ごとオーブンに入れ、3時間定常運転を実施してサンプルを乾燥させる。その後、アルミ皿をオーブンから取り出し、その質量を測定(小数点以下4桁まで測定)し、次式に各々の測定値を代入して固形分濃度を算出する。
固形分濃度[質量%]=(サンプル乾燥後のアルミ皿質量-アルミ皿質量)/乾燥前のサンプル質量×100
吐出性の評価には、図1に示す構成のエレクトロスプレー装置(fuence社製、ES-2000)を用いた。ノズル3としては内径0.52mmのノズルを用いた。該エレクトロスプレー装置の対向電極5上に基材9を置き、ノズル3に組成物を1100μL/分の供給速度(流速)で供給し、ノズル3と対向電極5との間に18Vの電圧を印加した。基材9としては厚さ1mmのガラス基板を用い、ノズル3の先端と基材9の表面との間の距離は6cmとした。
電圧を印加したときに、組成物がノズル3から吐出されるかどうか(ノズル3先端でのクーロン爆発によるジェットの発生の有無)を観察した。また、吐出された場合は、吐出の安定性を評価した。吐出の安定性は、ジェットがクーロン力により反発しあい、更に溶媒蒸発により微小液滴へと分裂が進むと、スプレー状に飛散していれば安定、ジェットが生じるもののスプレー状にならず2~10本ほどの筋状の吐出(マルチジェット)であれば不安定とした。これらの結果から、以下の基準で吐出性を評価した。
◎(優良):安定して突出され、かつ円形に塗布された。
○(良好):安定して吐出されたが歪みのある形状で塗布された。
△(可):吐出されたが不安定であった。
×(不可):吐出されなかった(単にノズル3から落下するのみであった)。
各例で基材上に製膜した塗膜について、10cm×10cmの領域内の任意の5点の厚さのバラつきを、接触式膜厚計(DEKTAK、型番DektakXT、BRUKER社製)で測定し、以下の基準で評価した。
○(良好):厚さのバラつきが10%未満。
△(可):厚さのバラつきが10%以上30%未満。
×(不可):厚さのバラつきが30%以上100%未満。
各例で基材上に製膜した塗膜について、10cm×10cmの領域内の任意の5点の算術平均粗さ(Ra)を、JIS B0601:2013(製品の幾何特性仕様(GPS)-表面性状:輪郭曲線方式-用語,定義および表面性状パラメータ)に基づき、接触式膜厚計(DEKTAK、型番DektakXT、BRUKER社製)で測定し、それらの平均値から以下の基準で評価した。Raの測定条件は、基準長さ8mm、評価長さ40mmとした。
○(良好):Raの平均値が30nm未満。
△(可):Raの平均値が30nm以上100nm未満。
×(不可):Raの平均値が100nm以上。
含フッ素重合体Aとしてペルフルオロ(3-ブテニルビニルエーテル)の環化重合による単独重合体であって、主鎖末端基がCOOHである重合体を用いた。この含フッ素重合体は、CYTOP CTL-809A(製品名、旭硝子社製)の溶媒を除去することにより得た。
含フッ素重合体Aと、表3に示す溶媒とを、固形分濃度が1%となるように混合して、溶液状の組成物を得た。
この組成物について、吐出性、製膜性1、製膜性2を評価し、結果を表3に示した。
ただし、例7においては、組成物が白濁した(含フッ素重合体Aが充分に溶解しなかった)ため、これらの評価は行わなかった。また、その他の例のうち、吐出性の評価結果が×であったものについては、製膜性1、製膜性2の評価は行わなかった。
表2中、X/Y/Zは、溶媒Xと溶媒Yと溶媒Zとの質量比を示す。比誘電率、表面張力はそれぞれ、溶媒全体での値である。
これに対し、例14~22の組成物は、安定して吐出でき、面内均一性に優れ表面粗さが小さい塗膜を形成できた。
なお、2016年10月05日に出願された日本特許出願2016-197365号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、要約書および図面の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (14)
- 脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体と、溶媒とを含む組成物であって、
前記溶媒が、比誘電率が5以上の溶媒であり、沸点が150℃以上の溶媒を含むことを特徴とする組成物。 - 前記フッ素重合体が、主鎖に脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記主鎖に脂肪族環を有する含フッ素重合体が、環化重合しうるジエン系含フッ素単量体の環化重合により形成された単位を有する含フッ素重合体、または、含フッ素脂肪族環を有しかつ該脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子間に重合性二重結合を有するかもしくは該脂肪族環の環を構成する炭素原子と環を構成しない炭素原子との間に重合性二重結合を有する単量体に基づく単位を有する含フッ素重合体である、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒が含フッ素溶媒の少なくとも1種からなる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒が2種以上の溶媒の混合物からなる比誘電率が5以上の混合溶媒であり、該混合溶媒中の一部の溶媒が比誘電率が5未満の溶媒である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒が2種以上の溶媒の混合物からなり、該混合溶媒中の一部の溶媒が沸点150℃未満の溶媒である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒が、ペルフルオロ化合物である溶媒Xと、ハイドロフルオロカーボンおよびハイドロフルオロエーテルの少なくとも一方である溶媒Yと、含フッ素アルコールである溶媒Zとを含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒Xの沸点が150℃以上である、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒Xが、ペルフルオロトリアルキルアミンおよびペルフルオロ脂肪族環式化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、請求項7または8に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒Xが、ヘプタコサフルオロトリブチルアミン、ペルフルオロトリペンチルアミン、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,4b,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a,9,9,10,10,10a-テトラコサフルオロフェナントレン、1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,4b,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8a,9,9,9a-ドコサフルオロフルオレン、および1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4a,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8a-ヘプタデカフルオロデカヒドロ-8-(トリフルオロメチル)ナフタレンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、請求項7~9のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒Yが、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロヘキサン、1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-トリデカフルオロオクタン、および1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-デカフルオロ-3-メトキシ-2-(トリフルオロメチル)ペンタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、請求項7~10のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒Zが、ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロパノール、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノール、2,2,3,3-ペンタフルオロ-1-プロパノール、1,1,2,2-テトラフルオロエチル2,2,2-トリフルオロエチルエーテル、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロパノール、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロ-1-ペンタノール、および1H,1H,2H,2H-トリデカフルオロ-1-n-オクタノールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、請求項7~11のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記溶媒Xと前記溶媒Yと前記溶媒Zとの合計に対する、前記溶媒Xの含有率が35~60質量%、前記溶媒Yの含有率が35~60質量%、前記溶媒Zの含有率が5~30質量%である、請求項7~12のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 基材上に、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を、エレクトロスプレー装置を用いて塗布し、前記溶媒を除去して前記含フッ素重合体を含む膜を形成する、膜付き基材の製造方法。
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