WO2018065093A1 - Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur herstellung eines formkörpers aus hochreinem, transparentem quarzglas mittels additiver fertigung - Google Patents
Zusammensetzung und verfahren zur herstellung eines formkörpers aus hochreinem, transparentem quarzglas mittels additiver fertigung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018065093A1 WO2018065093A1 PCT/EP2017/001169 EP2017001169W WO2018065093A1 WO 2018065093 A1 WO2018065093 A1 WO 2018065093A1 EP 2017001169 W EP2017001169 W EP 2017001169W WO 2018065093 A1 WO2018065093 A1 WO 2018065093A1
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- quartz glass
- organic binder
- composition
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/06—Glass compositions containing silica with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/06—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction
- C03B19/066—Other methods of shaping glass by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction for the production of quartz or fused silica articles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/16—Solid spheres
- C08K7/18—Solid spheres inorganic
- C08K7/20—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
- C03B2201/40—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/30—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi
- C03B2201/40—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn
- C03B2201/42—Doped silica-based glasses doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi doped with transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn doped with titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/60—Glass compositions containing organic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition and a method for producing a shaped body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass by means of additive manufacturing.
- Processes for the additive production of three-dimensional structures have the advantage over conventional production processes that they require no prefabricated matrix which already geometrically predefines the body to be produced. Due to the freely selectable three-dimensional shape, specific customer requirements can be implemented cost-effectively in additive manufacturing as well as prototypes can be produced inexpensively and quickly. Therefore, the manufacturing processes used in additive manufacturing are also called Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes.
- RP Rapid Prototyping
- FDM Fused Deposition Modification
- US 2015/0224575 A1 describes a 3D printing method in which a mixed thermoplastic matrix is used. This consists of two components, which can be thermally removed or decomposed at different temperatures. The procedure is based on the presentation of an organic binder in the form of a thermoplastic, which is selectively applied with photo-curing ink, whereby a local structuring is possible.
- a disadvantage of this method is the fact that a very complex binder system is required (ie at least two thermoplastics are necessary in addition to the UV-curable ink) and that the disadvantages associated with classical 3D printing are high Roughness and poor optical transmission persist. The optical and mechanical quality of the substrates thus obtained is therefore low.
- zone-pulling processes are described in the prior art, for example in US 2016/0083303 A1. These methods allow the production of high purity components with high optical transmission, but they are limited to relatively simple geometric structures. This is due to the nature of the process: In zoning, areas of the component are selectively liquefied in order to exploit the different solubility of foreign atoms in the solid or in the liquid state. Due to the partial liquefaction, however, the component locally loses its mechanical strength, causing filigree structures to collapse. In addition, zoning is a technically relatively complex process. Powder-based processes are known in the art in principle, even using methods such as 3D printing. As an example, US Pat. No. 8,991,211 is mentioned. Occasionally, during sintering, the manufactured components must be supported in an inert powder so that they do not lose their shape. These approaches are mostly described only for soda-lime glasses and thus not suitable for the production of transparent quartz glasses.
- EP 0 653 381 A1 and EP 1 210 294 A1 each describe a method in which a slurry of quartz glass particles and water is prepared, which is poured into a suitable mold and then shaped. After extraction of the water, the crude body thus obtained can be sintered.
- the method does not allow free forming in three dimensions and the slurry is not directly structurable. It is therefore a molding process that is not suitable for an RP process.
- sol-gel approaches using SiO 2 precursors (alkoxy- or chlorosilanes).
- the precursors are thereby condensed and the byproducts formed in the condensation - often a salt, alcohol, hydrochloric acid (HCl) or water - extracted.
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- the shrinkage of these approaches is usually significant, since large mass fractions are removed from the solution.
- the glass components thus obtained have a low density, due to the porous cavity structure. In most cases, the components also do not achieve the optical and, above all, mechanical properties known from quartz glass.
- very high temperatures in the range of 1500 to 2200 ° C must be sintered in order to give the glasses a sufficient density and corresponding mechanical and optical properties.
- shafts Examples of such a sol-gel approach are described in US 5,236,483.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an additive manufacturing process, which should allow the production of a three-dimensionally free-formed body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass with high structural resolution and at the same time high optical and mechanical quality.
- compositions and a method for producing a shaped body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass, the composition according to the invention comprising the following components:
- At least one polymerizable organic binder which is in liquid form at room temperature
- a polymerization initiator or crosslinker which initiates the polymerization or crosslinking of the at least one polymerisable organic binder by the addition of light or heat
- the at least one polymerisable organic binder is in liquid form at room temperature (20 ° C.).
- the presence in liquid form means that the at least one polymerisable organic binder either has a liquid state of aggregation or is present in a suitable organic state.
- solvent is dissolved.
- suitable solvents are aliphatic alcohols, ketones, ethers, dimethylformamide and comparable solvents known to those skilled in the art.
- the at least one polymerizable organic binder can be cured by polymerization or crosslinking, whereby a solid binder matrix is obtained.
- the at least one polymerisable organic binder has suitable functional groups which are amenable to polymerization. Such functional groups also include double bonds.
- the at least one polymerizable organic binder has the property that it can be decomposed in the cured state at elevated temperature, typically in the range of 200 to 700 ° C. Otherwise, the at least one polymerizable organic binder according to the invention is subject to no further restrictions.
- the at least one polymerizable organic binder preferably includes those organic compounds which give thermoplastic by polymerization.
- the at least one polymerizable organic binder comprises those monomers which do not produce crosslinked polymers or copolymers.
- polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, polymethylmethacrylate, polyhydroxymethylmethacrylate, polyhydroxymethylacrylate, polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate, polyhydroxyethylacrylate, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylate, polyhydroxypropylacrylate, polyhydroxybutylmethacrylate, polyhydroxybutylacrylate and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polycarbonates, polyesters such as polylactate and polyethylene terephthalate, Polyamides, polyurethanes, polyether ketones such as, for example, polyether ether ketone, polyethers and polyarylates. Accordingly, the at least one polymerizable organic binder may also consist of a plurality of monomer components.
- the at least one polymerisable organic binder is a monomer having at least one polymerisable functional group, for example a monoacrylate and / or a diacrylate having any desired functionalization.
- the composition for producing a shaped body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass comprises both a monoacrylate and a diacrylate, alternatively also a tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta- or Octaacrylate or a comparable monomer having a plurality of polymerizable functional groups, as at least one polymerizable organic binder, can be controlled by adjusting the mole fraction thereof, the extent of crosslinking in the cured binder matrix.
- the composition according to the invention comprises a polymerization initiator or crosslinker which initiates the polymerization or crosslinking of the at least one polymerisable organic binder by supplying light or heat.
- the polymerization initiator or crosslinker is subject to no particular limitation according to the invention.
- the composition defined above may comprise any, preferably commercially available, polymerization initiator or crosslinker if it can generate polymerization- or crosslink-inducing molecules by photolytic or thermolytic cleavage.
- polymerization initiators or crosslinkers in the form of radical initiators which can be activated by means of light are azobis (isobutyronitrile) and benzoyl peroxide, while, for example, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, phenylbis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide , 2-hydroxy-4 '- (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methylpropiophenone and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone are thermally activatable radical initiators. Since the supply of light can be spatially more precisely limited than the supply of heat, the composition according to the invention preferably comprises a light-activatable polymerization initiator or crosslinker.
- the at least one polymerizable organic binder contained in the composition can be cured in a spatially dissolved state.
- the wavelength or temperature necessary for the photolytic or thermolytic cleavage of the polymerization initiator or crosslinker can be deduced from the prior art, in particular in the case of commercially available polymerization initiators or crosslinkers.
- the composition of the present invention for producing a molded body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass comprises at least one kind of spherical quartz glass particles dispersed in the at least one polymerizable organic binder which is liquid at room temperature and has a diameter in the range of 7 to 100 nm exhibit.
- the in the Spherical quartz glass particles contained in the composition of the invention consist of highly pure, amorphous silicon dioxide, ie the SiO 2 mass fraction in the quartz glass particles is at least or> 90%, preferably at least or> 99% and particularly preferably at least or> 99.9%.
- the term "spherical” is to be understood to include quartz glass particles having a spherical geometric shape, ie those quartz glass particles which are spheroidal
- the diameter range defined above should be understood in such a way that the diameter of the quartz glass particles does not exceed Is substantially less than 7 nm and greater than 100 nm.
- the composition of the invention for producing a shaped body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass may comprise further components.
- the composition comprises a non-curable component which, after curing of the at least one polymerisable organic binder, is present as a mixed phase in the binder matrix.
- a non-hardenable component is to be understood as meaning those substances which can not be polymerized by the addition of light or heat and are sufficiently viscous, ie a viscosity of at least or> 5 mPa ⁇ s, preferably of at least or> 15 mPa and especially preferably of at least or> 25 mPa.s at room temperature, measured in accordance with DIN 53019.
- the non-curable component is therefore present in solid or viscous liquid form.
- the chemical nature of the non-hardenable component is otherwise unrestricted.
- the non-curable component are alcohols, ethers, silicone oils or comparable organic solvents or combinations thereof, which have a sufficiently high molecular weight and / or corresponding functionalizations to correspond to the aforementioned viscosity.
- the non-curable component is an alkylaryl ether which is optionally functionalized with a hydroxy group, for example ethylene glycol monophenyl ether.
- the substituted alkylaryl ether also referred to as phenoxyethanol, has a viscosity of 30 mPa.s at 20 ° C.
- the non-curable component may be in solid form at room temperature.
- the viscosity of solids is in Generally very high. If the composition according to the invention comprises a non-hardenable component in solid form, it can be assumed that its viscosity is at least or> 5 mPa ⁇ s.
- the non-curable component in the form of a solid is soluble in the at least one polymerizable organic binder. According to the invention, the non-curable component further has the property that it can be separated from the binder matrix after curing of the at least one polymerisable organic binder.
- the separation can be carried out, for example, by a thermal treatment, whereupon the non-hardenable component either evaporates or sublimates, alternatively it is also decomposed.
- phenoxyethanol can be vaporized under atmospheric pressure at 242 ° C, wherein due to the vapor pressure even at temperatures above 150 ° C significant amounts of these are separated.
- the composition according to the invention optionally comprises an absorber.
- the absorber spatially limits the polymerization or crosslinking of the at least one polymerisable organic binder induced by the action of light or heat.
- the underlying mechanism is based on the fact that the absorber locally breaks off or reduces the chemical reaction which leads to a polymerization or crosslinking.
- only in the regions of the at least one polymerisable organic binder can a chemical reaction take place which is directly exposed to light or heat. In these areas, the effective light or heat input is sufficient so that a chemical reaction can be initiated and maintained by the polymerization initiator or crosslinker.
- the rate of inhibition of the chemical reaction due to absorption of light or heat by the absorber is greater than the rate of initiation of new chemical reactions.
- the at least one polymerizable organic binder in these regions is not solidified or only much less solid as a result of the chemical reaction.
- the above-defined composition comprises at least one second type of spherical quartz glass particles. These have a significantly larger diameter, which is in the range of 2 to 40 ⁇ m compared to the first type of spherical quartz glass particles.
- the second type of spherical quartz glass particles consists of highly pure, amorphous silicon dioxide, ie the SiO 2 mass fraction in the quartz glass particles is at least or> 90%, preferably at least or> 99% and particularly preferably at least or> 99.9%.
- spherical is to be understood to include quartz glass particles having a spherical geometric shape, that is to say those quartz glass particles which are spheroidal
- the diameter range defined above is to be understood in such a way that in no dimension is the diameter Quartz glass particle is substantially less than 2 pm and greater than 40 pm.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a shaped body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass using the inventive composition in an additive manufacturing, such as a 3D printing, the method comprising the following steps, preferably in this order :
- step (d) optionally post-treating the primary structure by at least one method selected from the group consisting of patterning by means of a forming tool, high energy radiation and subsequent development, milling, drilling, laminating, bonding, grinding, polishing, lapping, engraving and treating with heat or laser light;
- the inventive method using the composition of the invention allows the provision of a free-form body made of high-purity, transparent quartz glass, which overcomes the known in the prior art disadvantages of the additive production of quartz glass molded bodies.
- the inventive method allows the production of a molded body made of high-purity, transparent quartz glass, which has both a high structural resolution and a high optical and mechanical quality.
- filigree quartz glass structures which were previously unavailable with the RP processes described in the prior art can also be produced by the method according to the invention using the composition according to the invention.
- the composition according to the invention which is the preparation of a shaped body of high-purity, trans- parent quartz glass, provided in a device.
- the device is not subject to restrictions.
- the device may be a plate, a tub, a fluidic chamber, a reservoir, a tubing or channel system, an elastic bag or tube, and any similar shape for storing a liquid such as a beaker.
- the composition is not provided in a suitable vessel but is held in shape by the intrinsic surface tension of the components, for example in the form of a drop or a film.
- a rigid geometric shape use The latter has a cavity structure, which corresponds to the shape of the glass component to be produced, and can thus be used in a replicative process, as described below.
- the device additionally comprises a molding which consists of a solid or a liquid with a defined physical structure
- a molding which consists of a solid or a liquid with a defined physical structure
- the liquid drop thus formed is kept compact by its surface tension, thereby creating a kind of "floating" structure is obtained within the at least one polymerisable organic binder.
- teardrop-shaped cavity structures can be produced, which is particularly interesting for jewelery production.
- the solid or the liquid of the molding is accordingly immiscible with the at least one polymerisable organic binder.
- the composition according to the invention is provided or arranged in a device comprising the above-described molding in step (a), so that the latter is at least partially enveloped by the composition.
- a quartz glass molded body having a macroscopic cavity, which has the shape of the molded article is obtained.
- step (b) of the process according to the invention the at least one polymerizable organic binder which is contained in the composition provided in the device in step (a) is cured, whereby a green compact is obtained as the primary structure.
- the curing of the at least one polymerisable organic binder takes place either by supplying light or by supplying heat, preferably by supplying light, since this can be cured with a higher structural resolution.
- the wavelength or temperature necessary for the photolytic or thermolytic cleavage naturally depends on the particular polymerization initiator or crosslinker and, as already mentioned above, can be taken from the prior art.
- the primary structure obtained in step (b) thus comprises a solid binder matrix of the cured, at least one polymerizable organic binder and, dispersed therein, the at least one type of spherical quartz glass particles having a diameter in the range of 7 to 100 nm.
- the primary structure further components optionally included in the composition provided in step (a), such as a non-curable component, a second type of spherical silica glass particles and an absorber as described above.
- the curing of the at least one polymerisable organic binder provided with the composition takes place completely or incompletely in step (b). Incomplete curing can be achieved by a limited supply of heat or light, preferably light.
- the spatial resolution achievable during the exposure correlates with the beam profile of the light source used in this case. The smaller the beam diameter, the higher the contours of the primary structure can be resolved.
- a laser light source or a high-resolution lithography using a mask or a dynamic light modulator, for example a micromirror array system is used for curing the at least one polymerisable organic binder. If the spatial resolution only has a minor significance, it can be completely cured in step (b).
- the curing of the at least one polymerizable organic binder may also preferably be effected by the application of heat.
- Complete curing takes place, for example, in a device with a rigid geometric shape, as described above, wherein precisely that rigid geometric shape and not the spatially limited supply of an external stimulus such as light or heat influences the shaping of the primary structure.
- the curing by the addition of heat in this case even has the advantage that the at least one polymerizable organic binder can be cured in bulk, for example by heating the device.
- step (c) of the process according to the invention the optionally uncured, at least one polymerisable organic binder, including the components contained therein, is separated from the primary structure.
- the separation can be done for example by a solvent treatment.
- the separation of the uncured, at least one polymerisable organic binder is not limited to a particular method.
- the separation can be achieved for example by means of negative pressure or by evaporation as a result of a temperature increase.
- the steps (a) to (c) of the process according to the invention are optionally repeated at least once, preferably several times.
- the primary structure is successively expanded in each repetition cycle until the desired shaped body is obtained.
- the composition according to the invention is suitably provided at each repetition cycle together with the primary structure obtained in the apparatus from the previous repetitive cycle in the apparatus.
- cured and the optionally uncured, at least one polymerizable organic binder is separated together with the other components of the composition contained therein. If the steps (a) to (c) are repeated at least once, it is preferred that the curing of the at least one polymerisable organic binder takes place by means of light in order to ensure a correspondingly high structural resolution.
- step (a) of the process according to the invention By adjusting the amount of composition presented or used in step (a) of the process according to the invention, the structure Depending on the requirements of the manufactured quartz glass molded body. If it requires a very high structural resolution, in step (a) only a small amount of the composition defined above is provided and cured in step (b). On the other hand, if the structural resolution is of minor importance, a larger amount of the composition may be provided in step (a) and cured in step (b), thereby correspondingly reducing the number of repetitive cycles and taking less time to produce the molded article.
- step (c) need not be carried out in each repetition cycle. If the non-cured, at least one polymerisable organic binder is not separated, it is thus directly provided or arranged in step (a) for the subsequent structuring in step (b). This is particularly advantageous if a three-dimensional component is to be produced in a layered arrangement in the so-called "bath construction.” This configuration is known, for example, from stereolithography In this embodiment, omitting step (c) of iteration n effectively replaces the step (FIG. a) the iteration r> +1, where n represents the respective repetition cycle.
- step (d) After optionally repeating steps (a) to (c) at least once, the primary structure thus obtained in step (d) is optionally post-treated by a suitable method. Since the primary structure consists essentially of the binder matrix, ie the cured, at least one polymerizable organic binder, a post-treatment, in particular a mechanical post-processing, is possible. According to the present invention, the post-treatment processes which are suitable in step (d) are not subject to any particular restrictions.
- the aftertreatment is carried out by at least one process selected from the group consisting of structuring with the aid of a molding tool, irradiation with high-energy Radiation and subsequent development, milling, drilling, laminating, bonding, grinding, polishing, lapping, engraving and treatment with heat or laser light. Any other form of additive or subtractive surface treatment can also be used.
- a post-treatment is particularly advisable if the primary structure has visible artifacts or other undesirable surface defects, which are due for example to the device used. If a rigid geometric shape, as described above, serves as a device, any unevenness of the respective surface thereof is found in the primary structure.
- step (d) the aftertreatment takes place in step (d) with the aid of a molding tool which serves to structure the primary structure
- the structuring of the primary structure using the molding tool is optionally carried out with simultaneous supply of heat in order to promote the transfer of structure to the binder matrix
- step (h) a quartz glass molded body is obtained in this way Structure of the mold reflects.
- the aftertreatment of the primary structure takes place in step (d) by irradiation with high-energy radiation and subsequent development.
- X-radiation, etc. whereby the chemical and / or physical properties in the irradiated areas of the binder matrix of the primary structure are modified such that those areas become soluble in a suitable solvent and can eventually be developed, ie separated, instead of using a solvent
- step (e) of the process according to the invention the non-curable component which is optionally present in the primary structure as a mixed phase is removed, as a result of which cavities are formed in the primary structure.
- the removal of the non-hardenable component can be carried out, for example, by a thermal treatment.
- the temperature range to be set depends on the boiling point or sublimation point, or on the decomposition point of the non-curable component.
- the temperature of such a thermal treatment in step (e) is in the range of 50 to 300 ° C, with a range of 100 to 250 ° C being preferred for the temperature.
- the duration of such thermal treatment in step (e) is not particularly limited and depends only on the dimensions of the primary structure and the amount of non-curable component contained in the composition.
- the duration of the thermal treatment in step (e), if a non-curable component is present, is from 2 to 6 hours.
- the heating rate is not subject to any restrictions. It is typically in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 K / min, for example 0.5 K / min.
- a suitable thermal treatment in step (e) can also be carried out by stepwise increase in temperature.
- the non-curable component may also be removed by extraction using solvents. Also possible is a removal of the non-curable component in vacuo, ie under application of a negative pressure.
- the primary structure is then debinded in step (f), ie the cured, at least one polymerisable organic binder is removed.
- the pyrolytic decomposition of the binder matrix takes place.
- the gaseous decomposition products leave the primary structure.
- the composition according to the invention contains a non-curable component which is removed in step (e)
- the decomposition products of the binder matrix can quickly and efficiently leave the primary structure to be debindered by the cavities formed in step (e). Otherwise, ie in the absence of the cavities generated by the non-hardenable component, in step (f) the gas transport from the interior of the primary structure is made more difficult.
- the porous secondary structure consists of high-purity quartz glass and has a large number of cavities. The cavities are distributed homogeneously over the porous secondary structure and can be found wherever previously the binder matrix and optionally the non-curable component were present as a mixed phase.
- the quartz glass particles contained in the composition according to the invention are present in the porous secondary structure at locally defined positions.
- composition according to the invention comprises two different types of spherical quartz glass particles, it is possible in this way to obtain a brown compact with increased density, since the gaps of one type of quartz glass particles are filled with the quartz glass particles of the other type. This results in a smaller shrinkage of the porous secondary structure during sintering in step (h).
- the thermal treatment in step (f) is not particularly limited and preferably follows directly at step (e). If a thermal treatment for removing the non-hardenable component has been carried out in step (e), preferably no cooling to room temperature takes place before the implementation of step (f). Typically, the temperature of the thermal treatment in step (f) is in the range of 200 to 700 ° C, the temperature in step (f), as already mentioned above, being greater than the temperature in step (e). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature in step (f) is in the range of 250 to 600 ° C.
- the duration of the thermal treatment in step (f) is not particularly limited and depends only on the dimensions of the primary structure and consequently on the amount of organic binder to be decomposed.
- the duration of the thermal treatment in step (f) is from 3 to 9 hours.
- the heating rate is according to the invention subject to no restrictions. It is typically in the range of 0.2 to 5 K / min, for example 0.5 K / min, 1.0 K / min or 2.5 K / min.
- the thermal treatment in step (f) can also be carried out by stepwise increase in temperature. After complete debindering, the resulting porous secondary structure can be cooled to room temperature, which is al- However, it is not absolutely necessary. It can also be sintered directly in step (h). If the porous secondary structure is to be cooled to room temperature, this can be done, for example, at a cooling rate of 5 K / min. Since quartz glass has a low thermal expansion coefficient and a high temperature change resistance, a comparatively high cooling rate can be selected here.
- steps (e) and (f) of the process according to the invention can be carried out directly one after the other without intermediate cooling. Accordingly, there may be a smooth transition between removal of the non-curable component, if present and removed by a thermal treatment, and removal of the binder matrix, i. the delivery of the primary structure.
- the device comprises a molding, as is the case in the process modification referred to as "lost-molding molding", it is removed in the above-described steps (e) and / or (f) of the process according to the invention Moldings can be removed from the primary structure by thermal decomposition, evaporation, sublimation or solvent extraction, for example, and sintered in step (h) to obtain structured quartz glass moldings having a macroscopic cavity structure low weight, both time and cost can be saved in this embodiment.
- the porous secondary structure is optionally filled with at least one filler.
- the filler must therefore necessarily have a suitable particle size so that it can be introduced into the cavities of the porous secondary structure.
- the porosity of the secondary structure is reduced by densification, whereby in the subsequent sintering, ie in step (h) as described below, the Braunling is subject to a lower shrinkage.
- the filling of the porous secondary structure with a filler thus serves to maintain the dimensional stability after sintering in step (h). Should fillers in the porous secondary structure are introduced, this is cooled after the thermal treatment in step (f) to room temperature, as described above.
- the filler is subject to no restrictions according to the invention.
- the filler is selected from the group consisting of inorganic pigments, silicon-based precursors and titanium-based precursors.
- the cavities produced in steps (e) and (f) of the method according to the invention can be densified with quartz glass.
- titanium-based precursors can be incorporated into the porous secondary structure, ultimately yielding glasses with very low thermal expansion.
- To fill the cavities are basically all processes that are able to introduce fillers in the porous secondary structure. Examples which may be mentioned here are the vapor deposition and the liquid infiltration. Also, the combination with sol-gel processes is possible here.
- step (g) of the process according to the invention can also be used above all to modify the optical and / or mechanical and / or thermal properties of the final molding obtained after sintering in step (h).
- the quartz glass molded body can be given a color.
- inorganic pigments are used as filler in step (g).
- examples of inorganic pigments include gold (III) chloride AuC or chromium (III) nitrate Cr (NO 3) 3.
- the incorporation of the inorganic pigments can be carried out, for example, by impregnating the porous secondary structure in a corresponding metal salt solution.
- the process in step (g) is not limited to a single filler.
- quartz glass precursors ie silicon-based precursors
- in a first step by means of vapor deposition quartz glass precursors, ie silicon-based precursors, can be introduced into the porous secondary structure and, in a second step, inorganic pigments by liquid infiltration.
- the porous secondary structure is subjected to sintering in step (h) of the method according to the invention, whereby the porous secondary structure is compacted into the final shaped body. This is highly transparent and no longer has a porous structure.
- the sintering protocol depends on the pretreatment in step (g).
- step (h) a multi-stage sintering process in step (h) is required in order to first thermally decompose the introduced precursors before the actual sintering takes place.
- the brown compact is pretreated, for example, first for a period of 0.5 to 5 hours at a temperature in the range from 100 to 600 ° C. The heating rate is subject to no special restrictions in this pretreatment.
- the actual sintering in step (h) is carried out stepwise in the range of 700 to 1500 ° C, initially at a temperature in the range of 700 to 1000 ° C for a period of 1 to 3 hours and then at a temperature in the range of 1000 sintered to 1500 ° C for a period of 1 to 2 hours.
- the heating rate can be in the range of 2 to 15 K / min. Due to the low coefficient of thermal expansion and the high thermal shock resistance of quartz glass, a comparatively high heating rate can be selected here.
- step (h) sintering may even take place below atmospheric pressure.
- the sintering is carried out at a pressure of at most or ⁇ 0.1 mbar, preferably at most or ⁇ 0.01 mbar and particularly preferably at most or ⁇ 0.0001 mbar.
- the resulting final molded body can be cooled to room temperature, which can also be done here typically with a relatively high cooling rate in the range of 2 to 6 K / min.
- the process according to the invention for producing a shaped body of high-purity, transparent quartz glass, comprising the process steps (a) to (h), is illustrated in FIG. Further embodiments thereof are shown in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3.
- the final molded article obtained by the method according to the invention has, insofar as in step (g) only silicon-based precursors are introduced into the cavities of the porous secondary structure, a chemical composition which is indistinguishable from the conventionally produced quartz glass.
- this also applies to the mechanical and optical properties of the molding.
- the Vickers hardness, the biaxial flexural strength and the transmission are in accordance with the corresponding values of conventionally manufactured quartz glass.
- the present invention relates to a molded article of high purity, transparent quartz glass, which can be obtained by the method according to the invention using the composition according to the invention.
- the shaped body made of high-purity, transparent quartz glass has the following properties:
- the inventive method allows the targeted production of three-dimensional quartz glass structures of any shape in an additive manufacturing, such as a 3D printing, by at least one repetition of the steps described above (a) to (c).
- the curing of the composition of the invention takes place.
- tion contained at least one polymerizable organic binder by supplying light in step (b) spatially resolved.
- This embodiment is comparable to a stereolithographic RP process which has heretofore been used only for the production of polymer components.
- any other RP process in which a primary structuring by means of exposure is carried out can be used.
- a combined spotting method with subsequent exposure as is customary in 3D printing, can also be used.
- moldings of high-purity, transparent quartz glass with an arbitrary shape can be produced according to the invention, whose structure resolution is comparable to that of polymer components due to the process.
- the method according to the invention can also be used for the replication of shaped bodies.
- the composition in step (a) of the process according to the invention is provided in a device with a rigid geometric shape and the at least one polymerisable organic binder contained in the composition by addition of light or heat, preferably heat, fully cured in step (b).
- the method according to the invention is thus suitable for free three-dimensional shaping within the scope of an RP process, but on the other hand can also be used in an almost unchanged manner for replicating a given structure and thus as a replicative method for the production of quartz glass molded articles.
- the inventive method allows the free three-dimensional shape for structures of quartz glass with high structural resolution and thus low surface roughness.
- all the thermal method steps of the method according to the invention are not used for structuring. The latter takes place solely on lithographic phically, whereby a high spatial resolution can be achieved. Not least for this reason, the expenditure on equipment in the thermal treatment steps in the inventive method is significantly lower than, for example, in the above-mentioned selective laser sintering processes, which usually have to take place in a highly pure atmosphere or in a vacuum.
- the method according to the invention produces shaped articles with outstanding optical, mechanical and structural properties. Due to the fact that all thermal treatment steps are not used for spatial structuring, the surface quality of the initial structure can be transferred virtually unadulterated to the final shaped body. If the structuring permits, for example, the production of reflecting surfaces, then the final shaped body also has reflecting surfaces with high optical quality. This is a significant advantage over the modified FDM approach and selective laser sintering, which provide both surfaces of only low optical quality.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that all thermal treatment steps, such as debinding and sintering, can be carried out without external pressure. In particular, no additional pressurization is necessary to produce molded articles having sufficient density and high optical transmission.
- the quartz glass molded bodies produced by the process according to the invention can furthermore be processed without additional fixing. There are no special requirements for the device used in step (a).
- the method according to the invention can be combined with sol-gel mixtures in order to recompress the porous secondary structure and optionally to modify it optically and / or mechanically and / or thermally.
- the very essence of the process that is, the production of the primary structure, does not require the use of condensing precursors, thereby yielding moldings having significantly less shrinkage and greatly improved optical clarity and mechanical strength. Since the core process is not changed, the classical disadvantages of sol-gel approaches, ie fading as low density of the final molding, not in the process of the invention revealed.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention: (a) polymerizable organic binder (101) having dispersed therein quartz glass particles (102), (b) by structured exposure, i. spatially limited supply of light (103), the at least one polymerisable organic binder can be cured in a spatially dissolved state, wherein in the cured binder matrix (105) mixed phases of the non-hardenable component (104) are present, (c) after separation (120) of the non-curable component (b) by removal (107) of the non-hardenable component from the green compact, cavities (108), (e) are formed by thermal decomposition (121) of the hardened, organic Binder is the Braunling (109), (f) this can now be compacted by sintering (110) to the final shaped body (111), (g) or the cavities can be filled with a suitable method (112) to the optical and / or to modify the mechanical and / or thermal properties of the final molded article and / or to recompact the brown compact
- FIG. 2 shows schematic representations of embodiments of the method according to the invention:
- Method modification "polymer replication” The green compact (106) is optionally subjected to a thermal treatment and patterned by means of a molding tool (201), whereby the green compact of its inverse structure (202 After removal (107) of the non-hardenable component, debindering (121) and sintering (110), a structured quartz glass molded body (210) is obtained;
- “Positive-resist” method modification The green compact (106) is formed locally high-energy radiation (220), which locally changes the chemical and / or physical structure of the cured organic binder (221).
- FIG. 3 shows an organic binder (101) in which two types of spherical silica glass particles differing significantly in diameter are dispersed.
- the quartz glass particles of the second type (201) form the cavities which fill the quartz glass particles of the first type (102). From such compositions, green compacts can be produced with significantly increased filling level and thus significantly increased density.
- FIG. 4 shows the optical transmission of the quartz glass molded body obtained in Example 1 after sintering in comparison to conventionally obtained quartz glass and soda-lime glass.
- Example 5 shows the optical transmission of the colored quartz glass molded body obtained in Example 2 by impregnating the brown product.
- FIG. 6 shows the formation of the quartz glass molded body according to the inventive method starting from the composition according to the invention: (a) shows the organic binder and the quartz glass particles, (b) the suspension obtained therefrom with quartz glass particles dispersed in the organic binder, (c) the green compact, ( d) the Braunling, (e) the final quartz glass molded body (scale: 5 mm) from Example 1, and (f) the filling of the cavities of the brown compact to produce the colored quartz glass molded body from Example 2.
- Example 7 shows the result of the method modification "polymer replication" used in Example 3: (a) shows the green compact, which was structured by means of a molding tool (nanoimprint system), and (b) the structured quartz glass molded body which emerges from this green compact (A) is a photomicrograph, while (b) is a scanning electron micrograph.
- the composition was a slightly yellowish, highly viscous suspension and had a viscosity of about 2.82 Pa.s at a shear rate of 100 s- 1 and a temperature of 20 ° C.
- the composition was prepared on a conventional RP system (Asiga Pico 2, a stereo lithography system, available from Asiga) using a suitable 3D model by supplying UV light with a Wavelength of 385 nm structured.
- a conventional RP system Asiga Pico 2, a stereo lithography system, available from Asiga
- the primary shaping was made into a green compact.
- the green compact was then subjected to a multi-stage thermal treatment with the following temperature protocol:
- Heating rate 0.5 K / min, 25 ° C 150 ° C, holding time: 4 h
- Heating rate 0.5 K / min, 150 ° C 280 ° C, holding time: 4 h
- Heating rate 1 K / min, 280 ° C 550 ° C, holding time: 2 h
- Cooling rate 5 K / min, 550 ° C 25 ° C, end
- the first thermal treatment step was to remove the non-hardenable component contained in the green compact, while the green compact was removed by the second and third thermal treatment steps, i. the cured, organic binder matrix was removed.
- the thus obtained brown compact was sintered under vacuum at a pressure of about 0.1 mbar, thereby causing compaction of the brown compact and obtaining the final molded article.
- the temperature protocol during sintering was as follows:
- the molded article After completion of the above temperature protocol, the molded article had a minimum optical transmittance of 72% at a wavelength of 200 nm and an optical transmittance of greater than 72% in a wavelength region of 200 to 1000 nm.
- the layer thickness of the molding was 1 mm.
- the molded article thus had an optical transparency which was indistinguishable from conventional quartz glass ( Figure 4).
- a UV / VIS spectrometer of the type Evolution 201 (Thermo Scientific, Germany) was used, which was operated in transmission mode.
- the molded article had a Vickers hardness of 799 HV, measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6507 (system: Fischerscope HV 100, Helmut Fischer GmbH, Germany), and a biaxial flexural strength of 100 MPa, measured in accordance with DIN EN ISO 6872 (System: 10T, UTS, Germany), on.
- the molded body was therefore also not to be distinguished from conventionally obtained, pure quartz glass in terms of its mechanical properties, for which a Vickers hardness of 799 HV and a biaxial flexural strength of 100 MPa are also common.
- Example 2 Filling the porous secondary structure with inorganic pigments
- Example 2 Under the same conditions as in Example 1, a Braunling was obtained. By filling the cavities in the Braunling with gold (III) chloride, a colloidal red color was obtained, while the filling with chromium (III) nitrate resulted in an ionic green color.
- the Braunling was soaked for this purpose in an ethanolic solution with 0.1 mass% AuC or 0.5 mass% Cr (NO3) 3 and then dried for 1 hour at 50 ° C.
- the sintering was carried out according to the temperature protocol from Example 1 under nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of about 0.1 mbar.
- the quartz glass molded bodies each obtained after sintering were colored, which was also evident in the transmission spectra (FIG. 5).
- composition comprising the following components was placed in a 50 mL beaker:
- thermoplastic green compact obtained in this way was embossed by means of a conventional nanoimprint system (type EVG HE510, available from EVG) at a temperature of 70 ° C., an embossing force of 1000 N and a holding time of 5 minutes.
- the removal of the non-hardenable component, the debindering of the green compact and the sintering of the brown compact were carried out according to the temperature protocol from Example 1, as described above.
- the structuring caused by the mold installed in the nanoimprint system is shown in FIG. 7 both for the green compact and for the final shaped quartz glass molded body.
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US16/339,802 US10954155B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | Composition and method for producing a molded body from a highly pure, transparent quartz glass by means of additive manufacturing |
CN201780061671.0A CN109996767B (zh) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | 用于通过增材制造由高纯度透明石英玻璃生产模制品的组合物和方法 |
KR1020197010769A KR102395719B1 (ko) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | 적층 제조에 의한 고순도 투명 석영 유리로 제조된 몰딩의 제조를 위한 조성 및 방법 |
AU2017338667A AU2017338667B2 (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | Composition and method for producing a molded body from a highly pure, transparent quartz glass by means of additive manufacturing |
CA3038681A CA3038681C (en) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | Composition and process for the production of a molding made of high-purity transparent quartz glass, by means of additive manufacture |
JP2019518101A JP6942797B2 (ja) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | 高純度透明石英ガラスから付加製造を用いて成形品を製造するための組成物及び方法 |
EP17784170.7A EP3523257B1 (de) | 2016-10-06 | 2017-10-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines formkörpers aus hochreinem, transparentem quarzglas mittels additiver fertigung |
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CN109354647B (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | 一种玻璃3d打印用丝材和玻璃制品的制备方法 |
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WO2023208598A1 (de) | 2022-04-29 | 2023-11-02 | Schott Ag | Glashaltige zubereitung zur verwendung bei einem additiven fertigungsverfahren |
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CN109996767B (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
CA3038681C (en) | 2022-11-08 |
KR102395719B1 (ko) | 2022-05-10 |
DE102016012003A1 (de) | 2018-04-12 |
AU2017338667A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
EP3523257C0 (de) | 2023-12-20 |
EP3523257B1 (de) | 2023-12-20 |
AU2017338667B2 (en) | 2021-12-02 |
JP2019529322A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
DE202017007499U1 (de) | 2022-04-05 |
CA3038681A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
KR20190073369A (ko) | 2019-06-26 |
US20200039868A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
US10954155B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 |
JP6942797B2 (ja) | 2021-09-29 |
CN109996767A (zh) | 2019-07-09 |
EP3523257A1 (de) | 2019-08-14 |
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