WO2018025932A1 - 着色合わせガラス用中間膜及び着色合わせガラス - Google Patents
着色合わせガラス用中間膜及び着色合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018025932A1 WO2018025932A1 PCT/JP2017/028132 JP2017028132W WO2018025932A1 WO 2018025932 A1 WO2018025932 A1 WO 2018025932A1 JP 2017028132 W JP2017028132 W JP 2017028132W WO 2018025932 A1 WO2018025932 A1 WO 2018025932A1
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- laminated glass
- resin layer
- interlayer film
- glass
- colored laminated
- Prior art date
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- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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Definitions
- the visible light transmittance Tv is 5% or less, but the visual light transmittance variation is small.
- the present invention relates to an interlayer film for colored laminated glass that is excellent in color, and a colored laminated glass using the interlayer film for colored laminated glass.
- Laminated glass is safe because it does not scatter glass fragments even if it is damaged by an external impact, so it is safe for windshields, side glasses, rear glasses, roof glasses, and windows for aircraft and buildings. Widely used as glass.
- the laminated glass include a laminated glass obtained by integrating an interlayer film for laminated glass including a liquid plasticizer and a polyvinyl acetal resin between at least a pair of glasses.
- a highly colored laminated glass having a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or less can exhibit particularly high privacy protection, and therefore is suitably used for vehicle roof glass, window glass for buildings, and the like.
- Tv visible light transmittance
- the colored laminated glass is generally produced using an interlayer film for laminated glass in which a colorant such as a pigment is blended (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a colorant such as a pigment
- Patent Document 1 an interlayer film for laminated glass in which a colorant such as a pigment is blended.
- Tv visible light transmittance
- the interlayer film for laminated glass in which such a large amount of colorant is blended there is a problem that the visible light transmittance greatly varies depending on the part, and a defect occurs in terms of aesthetics.
- the present invention has a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or less when a laminated glass is prepared using two clear glasses compliant with JIS R3202 (1996). It is an object of the present invention to provide an intermediate film for colored laminated glass having a small variation in transmittance and excellent in aesthetics, and a colored laminated glass using the intermediate film for colored laminated glass.
- Laminated glass intermediate film for laminated glass comprising at least two layers of a first resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a colorant and a second resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and no colorant consists, the elastic modulus E 1 of the first resin layer, said second ratio E 1 / E 2 of the elastic modulus E 2 of the resin layer is 1.25 or more, and, the first resin layer Is an intermediate film for colored laminated glass in which the ratio t 1 / t 2 of the thickness t 1 of the second resin layer and the thickness t 2 of the second resin layer is 2.0 or less.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the inventors have a concave portion on at least one surface, and when a laminated glass is produced using two clear glasses according to JIS R3202 (1996), the visible light transmittance Tv is 5% or less. The reason for the variation in the visible light transmittance depending on the part in an intermediate film for colored laminated glass was examined. As a result, it has been found that there is a cause in the recess formed on the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- a laminated body in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is laminated between at least two glass plates is usually handled through a nip roll (handling deaeration method) or placed in a rubber bag and sucked under reduced pressure.
- the laminated body is manufactured by, for example, heating and pressurizing and pressing the laminated body in an autoclave.
- deaeration when laminating the glass and the interlayer film for laminated glass is important.
- fine irregularities are formed for the purpose of ensuring deaeration during the production of laminated glass.
- the concave and convex portions of the concave and convex portions have a groove shape (hereinafter also referred to as “engraved shape”) in which the bottom portion is continuous, and the adjacent engraved concave portions are regularly formed in parallel.
- engraved shape a groove shape in which the bottom portion is continuous, and the adjacent engraved concave portions are regularly formed in parallel.
- the present inventors in the case of an interlayer film for laminated glass in which two or more resin layers including a layer containing a colorant are laminated, in the laminated glass obtained through the laminated glass production process, It was found that the effect of the concave portion remained in the layer containing selenium, and the visible light transmittance varied depending on the site.
- the recess is formed only on the surface of the interlayer film.
- the recess is transferred to the interface between the resin layers due to the pressure during processing, and the interface is not smooth.
- the scored recess is also strongly transferred to the interface between layers.
- the inventors of the present invention used a colored laminated glass interlayer film as a first resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a colorant, and a second resin containing a thermoplastic resin and no colorant.
- the laminate was composed of at least two layers.
- the inventors have found that by increasing the elastic modulus of the first resin layer, it is possible to suppress the transfer of the concave portion to the interface, and as a result, it is possible to prevent the variation in the visible light transmittance, thereby completing the present invention.
- the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention comprises at least two layers of a first resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a colorant, and a second resin layer containing a thermoplastic resin and no colorant. It consists of a laminate.
- the first resin layer has a role of adjusting the visible light transmittance of the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention.
- the intermediate film for colored laminated glass according to the present invention is preferably a laminate of three or more layers in which the first resin layer is sandwiched between two second resin layers. By using such a laminate of three or more layers, it is possible to prevent variations in visible light transmittance even when there are concave portions on both sides.
- the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention has a recess on at least one surface.
- the concave portions have a groove shape (inscribed line shape) with a continuous bottom portion, and are regularly arranged in parallel.
- the concave portion has a groove shape with a continuous bottom portion, and is arranged in parallel.
- the concave portion has a groove shape with a continuous bottom portion, and the concave portions are arranged in parallel regularly.
- the ease of air removal when pre-crimping and main press-bonding a laminate in which an interlayer film for laminated glass is laminated between two glass plates is closely related to the connectivity and smoothness of the bottom of the recess. is there.
- the shape of the recesses on at least one surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass is a shape in which concave portions having a groove shape with a continuous bottom portion are arranged in parallel with each other.
- the deaeration is remarkably improved during the main pressure bonding.
- the shape of the concave portion on at least one surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass is made such that the concave portions, which are continuous groove shapes, are parallel and regularly arranged in parallel, thereby further improving the connectivity of the bottom portion. This further improves the degassing property even more significantly during the pre-bonding and the main pressing.
- regularly parallel means that when the surface of the intermediate film having concave portions is observed, the concave portions having a groove shape in which the bottom portions are periodically arranged in a certain direction are arranged in parallel. means.
- parallel and parallel means that the adjacent recesses may be parallel and equidistantly parallel, and the adjacent recesses are parallel and parallel, but all adjacent It means that the intervals between the recesses need not be equal.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are schematic views showing an example of an interlayer film for laminated glass in which concave portions each having a groove shape with a continuous bottom portion on the surface are equally spaced and adjacent concave portions are arranged in parallel.
- FIG. 3 shows the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass in which concave portions having a groove shape with a continuous bottom portion are regularly arranged on the surface, a three-dimensional roughness measuring device (manufactured by KEYENCE, “KS-1100”, tip 3D roughness image data measured using a head model number “LT-9510VM”) is shown.
- the preferable lower limit of the surface roughness (Rz) having the concave portion is 5 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 90 ⁇ m.
- the roughness (Rz) of the surface having the concave portion is measured by a method according to JIS B-0601 (1994).
- the surface roughness (Rz) having the concave portion is in accordance with JIS B-0601 (1994) as defined in JIS B-0601 (1994) "Surface roughness-definition and indication”.
- the ten-point average roughness (Rz) of the intermediate film obtained by the method is meant.
- the direction in which the stylus is moved is a direction perpendicular to the groove direction when the recess is engraved, and an arbitrary direction when the recess is not engraved.
- the preferable lower limit of the roughness (Rz) of the engraved concave portion is 10 ⁇ m, and the preferable upper limit is 90 ⁇ m. By setting the roughness (Rz) of the engraved concave portion within this range, excellent deaeration can be exhibited.
- the more preferable lower limit of the roughness (Rz) of the scored concave portion is 20 ⁇ m, and the more preferable upper limit is 80 ⁇ m.
- the roughness (Rz) of the engraved concave portion is measured by a method according to the above-mentioned JIS B-0601 (1994).
- a preferable lower limit of the interval between the adjacent engraved concave portions is 10 ⁇ m, and a preferable upper limit is 500 ⁇ m. By setting the interval between the engraved concave portions within this range, excellent deaeration can be exhibited.
- a more preferable lower limit of the spacing between the engraved concave portions is 50 ⁇ m, and a more preferable upper limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the engraved concave portions is determined by using an optical microscope (for example, “BS-8000III” manufactured by SONIC Co., Ltd.), the first surface and the second surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass. It is obtained by observing (observation range 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm), measuring the distance between adjacent concave portions, and calculating the average value of the shortest distance between the bottoms of the adjacent concave portions.
- the interval Sm between the recesses on the surface having the recesses is preferably 600 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 450 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, and 350 ⁇ m or less. It is particularly preferred that Thereby, the self-adhesion force of the interlayer films for laminated glass when the interlayer film for laminated glass is rolled up can be reduced, and unwinding can be facilitated.
- the distance Sm between the recesses when the recesses are not engraved is defined in, for example, JIS B-0601 (1994) “Surface Roughness—Definition and Display”, JIS B-0601 (1994).
- the environment during measurement is 23 ° C. and 30 RH% lower.
- the direction in which the stylus is moved is an arbitrary direction.
- the said 1st resin layer may be arrange
- a shade in an automobile windshield can be obtained by disposing the first resin layer only on a part of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is usually stored in a state of being wound in a roll shape, and is drawn out from the roll-shaped body and used for the production of laminated glass.
- a part of the colorant tends to bleed out on the surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the bleed-out colorant is stored in a roll-shaped body or after being pulled out of the roll-shaped body. Or the like.
- the first resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin and a colorant.
- the thermoplastic resin include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polytrifluoride ethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polyester, polyether, polyamide Polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetal, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the like.
- the resin layer preferably contains polyvinyl acetal or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and more preferably contains polyvinyl acetal.
- the polyvinyl acetal can be produced, for example, by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol can be produced, for example, by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the saponification degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is generally in the range of 70 to 99.8 mol%.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is preferably 200 or more, more preferably 500 or more, further preferably 1700 or more, particularly preferably more than 1700, preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 4000 or less, still more preferably 3000 or less, Particularly preferably, it is less than 3000.
- the average degree of polymerization is not less than the above lower limit, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further enhanced.
- the average degree of polymerization is not more than the above upper limit, the intermediate film can be easily molded.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method based on JIS K6726 “Testing methods for polyvinyl alcohol”.
- the number of carbon atoms of the acetal group contained in the polyvinyl acetal is not particularly limited.
- the aldehyde used when manufacturing the said polyvinyl acetal is not specifically limited.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal is 3, and the preferable upper limit is 6.
- the carbon number of the acetal group in the polyvinyl acetal is 3 or more, the glass transition temperature of the intermediate film is sufficiently low, and bleeding out of the plasticizer can be prevented.
- the aldehyde having 3 to 6 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde and n-valeraldehyde. .
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited. In general, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used as the aldehyde.
- Examples of the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, and n-nonylaldehyde.
- propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde or n-valeraldehyde is preferable
- propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde is more preferable
- n-butyraldehyde is still more preferable.
- the said aldehyde only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 15 mol% or more, still more preferably 18 mol% or more, preferably 40 mol% or less, more preferably 35 mol%. It is as follows. When the hydroxyl group content is at least the above lower limit, the adhesive strength of the interlayer film is further increased. Further, when the hydroxyl group content is not more than the above upper limit, the flexibility of the interlayer film is increased, and the handling of the interlayer film is facilitated.
- the content ratio of the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded by the total amount of ethylene group of the main chain, as a percentage.
- the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded can be determined, for example, by measuring in accordance with JIS K6726 “Testing method for polyvinyl alcohol” or in accordance with ASTM D1396-92.
- the degree of acetylation (acetyl group amount) of the polyvinyl acetal is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 0.3 mol% or more, still more preferably 0.5 mol% or more, preferably 30 mol% or less. More preferably, it is 25 mol% or less, More preferably, it is 20 mol% or less.
- the acetylation degree is not less than the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal and the plasticizer is increased.
- the acetylation degree is not more than the above upper limit, the moisture resistance of the interlayer film and the laminated glass is increased.
- the degree of acetylation is obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which acetal groups are bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups of the main chain, It is a value indicating the mole fraction obtained by dividing by the percentage.
- the amount of ethylene group to which the acetal group is bonded can be measured, for example, according to JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral” or according to ASTM D1396-92.
- the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 53 mol% or more, still more preferably 60 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 63 mol%. Above, preferably 85 mol% or less, more preferably 75 mol% or less, and still more preferably 70 mol% or less.
- the degree of acetalization is not less than the above lower limit, the compatibility between the polyvinyl acetal and the plasticizer increases.
- the degree of acetalization is not more than the above upper limit, the reaction time required for producing polyvinyl acetal is shortened.
- the degree of acetalization is a value indicating the mole fraction obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which acetal groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, as a percentage.
- the degree of acetalization was determined by measuring the degree of acetylation and the content of hydroxyl groups by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral” or a method based on ASTM D1396-92. The rate can be calculated and then calculated by subtracting the degree of acetylation and the hydroxyl content from 100 mol%.
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl content), acetalization degree (butyralization degree), and acetylation degree are preferably calculated from results measured by a method in accordance with JIS K6728 “Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the polyvinyl acetal is a polyvinyl butyral resin
- the hydroxyl group content (hydroxyl content), the degree of acetalization (degree of butyralization) and the degree of acetylation are measured by a method according to JIS K6728 “Testing methods for polyvinyl butyral”. It is preferable to calculate from the results.
- blended with the intermediate film for laminated glasses can be used.
- permeability Tv of the intermediate film for colored laminated glass can be easily 5% or less, a pigment is suitable.
- the pigment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include phthalocyanine, a phthalocyanine derivative, anthraquinone, an anthraquinone derivative, perylene, a perylene derivative, titanium oxide, a titanium oxide derivative, an azo compound, and carbon black.
- phthalocyanine, phthalocyanine derivatives, anthraquinone, anthraquinone derivatives, perylene, perylene derivatives, and carbon black are preferred because of their high affinity with the thermoplastic resin and difficulty in bleeding out. Is preferred.
- the content of the colorant in the first resin layer can reduce the visible light transmittance Tv to 5% or less when a laminated glass is prepared using two clear glasses according to JIS R3202 (1996).
- the colorant is carbon black
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon black content with respect to 100% by mass of the first resin layer is 0.01% by mass
- the preferable upper limit is 0.30% by mass.
- the visible light transmittance Tv of the colored laminated glass can be adjusted to 5% or less while preventing bleeding out.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of the colorant is 0.02% by mass, the more preferable upper limit is 0.20% by mass, the still more preferable lower limit is 0.03% by mass, and the still more preferable upper limit is 0.10% by mass.
- the preferable upper limit is 0.08% by mass, and the most preferable upper limit is 0.05% by mass.
- the first resin layer preferably contains a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited as long as it is a plasticizer generally used for an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- organic plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, organic Examples thereof include phosphoric acid plasticizers such as phosphoric acid compounds and organic phosphorous acid compounds.
- the organic plasticizer include triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol-di-n-heptanoate, and tetraethylene glycol-di-2.
- the resin layer preferably contains triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate, or triethylene glycol-di-n-heptanoate. More preferably, it contains ethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate.
- content of the said plasticizer in a said 1st resin layer is not specifically limited,
- the preferable minimum with respect to 100 mass parts of said thermoplastic resins is 25 mass parts, and a preferable upper limit is 80 mass parts. High penetration resistance can be exhibited as content of the said plasticizer exists in this range.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said plasticizer is 30 mass parts, and a more preferable upper limit is 70 mass parts.
- an adhesive force regulator As said adhesive force regulator, an alkali metal salt or alkaline-earth metal salt is used suitably, for example.
- salts such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, are mentioned, for example.
- a magnesium salt is preferable because the adhesive force between the glass and the interlayer film can be easily adjusted.
- the acid constituting the salt include organic acids of carboxylic acids such as octylic acid, hexyl acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, butyric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, or inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.
- the first resin layer is made of an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a modified silicone oil as an adhesive strength modifier, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, a moisture resistant agent, a heat ray reflective agent, a fluorescent agent, a heat
- the second resin layer contains a thermoplastic resin.
- the thermoplastic resin contained in the second resin layer include the same thermoplastic resins as those contained in the first resin layer.
- the second resin layer includes the plasticizer, the adhesive strength adjusting agent, and, if necessary, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a modified silicone oil as an adhesive strength adjusting agent, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, and a moisture resistant agent.
- additives such as a heat ray reflective agent, a fluorescent agent, and a heat ray absorbent may be contained.
- the second resin layer does not contain a colorant.
- a colorant may be contained as long as the amount is small enough to prevent bleeding or transfer.
- the second resin layer may contain a colorant.
- the colorant is 0.001 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin, bleeding out or transfer does not occur, and the excellent effect of the present invention may be inhibited. Absent.
- the second resin layer contains a colorant, the same colorant as that contained in the first resin layer can be used.
- the elastic modulus E 1 of the first resin layer, the ratio E 1 / E 2 of the elastic modulus E 2 of the second resin layer is 1.25 or more .
- the ratio E 1 / E 2 is preferably 1.30 or more, and more preferably 1.35 or more.
- the elastic modulus of each resin layer is measured by the following method.
- the composition for forming the first resin layer is sufficiently kneaded (mixed) with a mixing roll, and then press molded at 150 ° C.
- the obtained molded body is punched with a dumbbell super dumbbell cutter: SDK-600 to obtain a test piece.
- the obtained test piece is stored at 23 ° C. and a humidity of 30% RH for 12 hours.
- the tensile test of a test piece is performed at 200 mm / min using the tensilon by A & D company in a 23 degreeC thermostat.
- the slope at which the strain of the obtained stress-strain curve is 0 to 10% is calculated and used as the Young's modulus.
- the obtained Young's modulus is defined as the elastic modulus of the first resin layer.
- the second resin layer and other resin layers can be measured by the same method.
- the first resin layer obtained by peeling off the first resin layer and the second resin layer from the intermediate film in an environment of 23 ° C. was pressed at 150 ° C. so that the thickness became 800 ⁇ m.
- a test piece may be obtained by punching with Dumbbell Super Dumbbell Cutter: SDK-600.
- the method of setting the ratio E 1 / E 2 to 1.25 or more is not limited, and examples thereof include a method of selecting the thermoplastic resin used for each resin layer.
- the higher the degree of crosslinking of the thermoplastic resin and the higher the weight average molecular weight the higher the elastic modulus of the resin layer.
- the elastic modulus of the resin layer can also be adjusted by the blending amount of the plasticizer. The larger the blending amount of the plasticizer, the lower the elastic modulus of the resin layer.
- the elastic modulus of the resin layer can also be adjusted by the blending amount of the colorant. The greater the blending amount of the colorant, the higher the elastic modulus of the resin layer.
- the value of E 1 with respect to E 2 can be easily increased.
- the value of E 1 with respect to E 2 can be increased more easily.
- the value of E 1 with respect to E 2 can be further increased.
- the thickness t 1 of the first resin layer is the ratio t 1 / t 2 of the thickness t 2 of said second resin layer is 2.0 or less.
- the ratio t 1 / t 2 is preferably 1.5 or less, and more preferably 1.2 or less.
- the average thickness of the first resin layer is preferably 100 to 500 ⁇ m
- the average thickness of the second resin layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the laminated glass is produced by using two clear glasses according to JIS R3202 (1996) by blending the colorant.
- the visible light transmittance Tv can be easily adjusted to 5% or less.
- a more preferable lower limit of the average thickness of the first resin layer is 150 ⁇ m
- a more preferable upper limit is 450 ⁇ m
- a further preferable lower limit is 200 ⁇ m
- a particularly preferable lower limit is 300 ⁇ m
- a further preferable upper limit is 400 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the second resin layer is 100 ⁇ m or more, fluctuations in the average thickness of the first resin layer can be suppressed.
- the average thickness of the second resin layer is more preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 250 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the average thickness of the second resin layer is not particularly limited, but about 1000 ⁇ m is a substantial upper limit.
- each resin layer of the colored laminated glass interlayer film is cut with a sharp leather blade so that the cross section of each resin layer is exposed perpendicularly to the thickness direction.
- the exposed cross section is observed with a digital microscope, and the thickness of each resin layer of the intermediate film is measured with a scale bar (micro gauge) and a simple measurement function.
- a digital microscope for example, “DSX500” manufactured by OLYMPUS can be used.
- the simple measurement function it is preferable to select a parallel width distance or a distance between two points.
- the magnification at the time of observation is preferably 277 times, and the visual field range is preferably 980 ⁇ m ⁇ 980 ⁇ m.
- Arbitrary 20 places of the interlayer film for laminated glass are observed with the above-mentioned digital microscope, and the thickness of 5 places of each resin layer in the same visual field is measured.
- An average value is calculated
- the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention has a visible light transmittance Tv of 5% or less. Thereby, the outstanding design property, privacy protection property, light-shielding property, etc. can be exhibited, and it can use suitably for the window glass etc. of the side glass of a vehicle, a rear glass, a roof glass, a building, etc.
- the visible light transmittance Tv of the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention is preferably 2% or less.
- the visible light transmittance is measured according to the following procedure. Laminated glass was prepared using two clear glasses compliant with JIS R3202 (1996), and a spectrophotometer (“U-4100” manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech) was used at any 20 locations of the obtained laminated glass.
- the visible light transmittance of the obtained laminated glass at a wavelength of 380 to 780 nm was measured.
- the average value of 20 points of the measured visible light transmittance and the standard deviation are obtained, and the average value of the visible light transmittance divided by the standard deviation (average value of the visible light transmittance / standard deviation) is calculated as the CV value.
- the two clear glasses according to JIS R3202 (1996) used have a thickness of 2.4 to A clear glass having a visible light transmittance of 90.0 to 91.0% is preferably 2.5 mm.
- the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention has a recess on at least one surface. Thereby, the deaeration at the time of manufacture of a laminated glass is securable. Especially, it is preferable that the said recessed part has a groove shape (scribed line shape) with which the bottom part continued, and this adjacent engraved recessed part is formed regularly in parallel.
- the ratio E 1 / E 2 is 1.25 or more, and the ratio t 1 / t 2 is 2.0 or less, so that the engraved depressions are formed. Even in the case of having, it is possible to prevent variations in the visible light transmittance.
- a method for producing the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of extruding the first resin layer and the second resin layer by a coextrusion method.
- the intermediate film manufacturing apparatus for laminated glass used in the feed block method has one first extruder for forming the outermost layer.
- One first supply hole provided in the layer arrangement guide is connected to the first extruder, and one end of the outermost layer forming flow path is connected to the first extruder in the layer arrangement guide. Connected to the supply hole.
- the outermost layer forming flow path is branched into first and second branched flow paths in the middle, and the end portions of the first and second branched flow paths are connected to the first and second outermost layer forming outlets. Each is connected.
- the colored laminated glass in which the interlayer film for colored laminated glass of the present invention is laminated between a pair of glass plates is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the said glass plate can use the transparent plate glass generally used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, netted glass, wire-containing plate glass, colored plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, and green glass. Further, an ultraviolet shielding glass having an ultraviolet shielding coating layer on the glass surface can also be used. Furthermore, organic plastics plates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyacrylate can also be used. Two or more types of glass plates may be used as the glass plate.
- stacked the intermediate film for colored laminated glasses of this invention between transparent float plate glass and colored glass plates like green glass is mentioned.
- the visible light transmittance of the region is reduced while the visible light transmittance Tv is 5% or less. It is possible to provide an intermediate film for colored laminated glass having small variations and excellent aesthetics, and a colored laminated glass using the intermediate film for colored laminated glass.
- Example 1 Preparation of first resin layer resin composition
- Polyvinyl alcohol having an average degree of polymerization of 1700 is acetalized with n-butyraldehyde, so that the amount of acetyl groups is 1 mol%, the amount of butyral groups is 69 mol%, the amount of hydroxyl groups 30 mol% polyvinyl butyral was obtained (hereinafter also referred to as "PVB").
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- To 100 parts by mass of the obtained PVB, 40 parts by mass of triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) as a plasticizer and carbon black as a colorant are added and kneaded thoroughly with a mixing roll. 1 resin composition for resin layers was obtained.
- the amount of the colorant added is 0.095% by mass in 100% by mass of the first resin layer, and 0.038% by mass in 100% by mass of the obtained intermediate film for colored laminated glass. It was.
- Second Resin Layer Resin Composition 40 parts by mass of triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) as a plasticizer is added to 100 parts by mass of PVB, and a mixing roll is sufficient. To obtain a second resin layer resin composition.
- 3GO triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate
- a pair of embossing rolls having a large number of fine concave portions and a large number of fine convex portions are used as a fine concavo-convex transfer device, and the obtained laminate is passed through the embossing rolls to obtain a large number of fine portions.
- the laminated body in which the various recessed parts and many fine convex parts were formed was obtained.
- the obtained laminate having a large number of fine concave portions and a large number of fine convex portions is passed through the embossing roll, and the bottom portions are formed on both sides of the laminated body.
- the pair of embossing rolls is composed of a metal roll whose surface is milled using a triangular diagonal mill and a rubber roll having a JIS hardness of 45 to 75.
- the surface roughness Rz was measured by a method based on JIS B-0601 (1994).
- the transfer conditions for forming the groove-shaped (engraved) recess the temperature of the laminate was 95 ° C., the roll temperature was 130 ° C., and the press pressure was 500 kPa.
- the elastic modulus and thickness of each resin layer were measured by the above-mentioned method.
- the elastic modulus E 1 of the first resin layer was 9.6 N / mm 2
- the thickness t 1 was 305 ⁇ m.
- the elastic modulus E 2 of the second resin layer was 7.0 N / mm 2 and the thickness t 2 was 455 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 An intermediate film for colored laminated glass having a three-layer structure of the second resin layer / first resin layer / second resin layer so that the amount of the colorant and the thickness of each resin layer are as shown in Table 1.
- Manufactured to obtain a colored laminated glass For the production of the colored laminated glass interlayer film and laminated glass, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Examples 4 to 8, Comparative Examples 3 to 6 An interlayer film for colored laminated glass and a colored laminated glass are obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the plasticizer, the concentration of the coloring agent, and the thickness of each resin layer are changed to the values shown in Table 2. It was.
- the visible light transmittance of the region is reduced while the visible light transmittance Tv is 5% or less. It is possible to provide an intermediate film for colored laminated glass having small variations and excellent aesthetics, and a colored laminated glass using the intermediate film for colored laminated glass.
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Abstract
Description
以下に本発明を詳述する。
しかしながら本発明者らは、着色剤を含有する層を含む2層以上の樹脂層が積層された合わせガラス用中間膜の場合には、合わせガラス製造工程を経て得られた合わせガラスにおいて、着色剤を含有する層に凹部の影響が残存し、部位によって可視光線透過率にばらつきが生じていたことを見出した。
これに対して本発明者らは、着色合わせガラス用中間膜を、熱可塑性樹脂と着色剤を含有する第1の樹脂層と、熱可塑性樹脂を含有し、着色剤を含有しない第2の樹脂層との少なくとも2層の積層体からなるものとした。そのうえで、該第1の樹脂層の弾性率を大きくすることにより、界面への凹部の転写を抑制し、その結果、可視光線透過率のばらつきを防止できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
本発明の着色合わせガラス用中間膜は、上記第1の樹脂層が、2枚の上記第2の樹脂層に挟持された3層以上の積層体であることが好ましい。このような3層以上の積層体とすることにより、両面に凹部を有する場合にでも、可視光線透過率のばらつきを防止できる。
また、本発明の着色合わせガラス用中間膜においては、上記凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、且つ、平行に並列していることが好ましい。更に、本発明の着色合わせガラス用中間膜においては、上記凹部は、底部が連続した溝形状を有し、且つ、上記凹部が平行して規則的に並列していることが好ましい。
合わせガラス用中間膜の少なくとも一方の面の凹部の形状を、底部が連続した溝形状である凹部が規則的に並列している形状とすることにより、底部の連通性はより優れ、予備圧着及び本圧着の際に著しく脱気性が向上する。
また、合わせガラス用中間膜の少なくとも一方の面の凹部の形状を、底部が連続した溝形状である凹部が平行に並列している形状とすることにより、底部の連通性はより優れ、予備圧着及び本圧着の際に著しく脱気性が向上する。
更に、合わせガラス用中間膜の少なくとも一方の面の凹部の形状を、底部が連続した溝形状である凹部が平行して規則的に並列している形状とすることにより、底部の連通性は更により一層優れ、予備圧着及び本圧着の際に更により一層著しく脱気性が向上する。
なお、「規則的に並列している」とは、凹部を有する中間膜の表面を観察した際に、一定の方向に周期的に底部が連続した溝形状である凹部が並列していることを意味する。また、「平行して並列している」とは、隣接する上記凹部が平行して等間隔に並列していてもよく、隣接する上記凹部が平行して並列しているが、すべての隣接する上記凹部の間隔が等間隔でなくともよいことを意味する。
なお、本明細書において上記凹部を有する表面の粗さ(Rz)は、JIS B-0601(1994)に準ずる方法により測定される。
なお、本明細書において上記凹部を有する表面の粗さ(Rz)とは、JIS B-0601(1994)「表面粗さ-定義及び表示」に規定される、JIS B-0601(1994)に準じる方法により、得られた中間膜の十点平均粗さ(Rz)を意味する。上記凹部の粗さ(Rz)は、例えば、測定機として小坂研究所社製「Surfcorder SE300」を用い、測定時の触針計条件を、カットオフ値=2.5mm、基準長さ=2.5mm、評価長さ=12.5mm、触針の先端半径=2μm、先端角度=60°、測定速度=0.5mm/sの条件で測定を行うことにより測定することができる。この際、測定時の環境を23℃及び30RH%下とする。触針を動かす方向は、凹部が刻線状の場合には溝方向に対して垂直方向とし、凹部が刻線状以外の場合には任意の方向とする。
なお、本明細書において刻線状の凹部の粗さ(Rz)は、上述のJIS B-0601(1994)に準ずる方法により測定される。
なお、本明細書において刻線状の凹部の間隔は、光学顕微鏡(例えば、SONIC社製、「BS-8000III」等)を用いて、合わせガラス用中間膜の第1の表面及び第2の表面(観察範囲20mm×20mm)を観察し、隣接する凹部の間隔を測定したうえで、隣接する凹部の最底部間の最短距離の平均値を算出することにより得られる。
なお、本明細書において凹部が刻線状以外の場合の凹部の間隔Smは、例えば、JIS B-0601(1994)「表面粗さ-定義及び表示」に規定される、JIS B-0601(1994)に準じる方法により、得られた中間膜の表面の凹部の平均間隔(Sm)を意味する。上記凹部の間隔Smは、測定機として小坂研究所社製「Surfcorder SE300」を用い、測定時の触針計条件を、カットオフ値=2.5mm、基準長さ=2.5mm、評価長さ=12.5mm、触針の先端半径=2μm、先端角度=60°、測定速度=0.5mm/sの条件で測定を行うことにより測定することができる。この際、測定時の環境を23℃及び30RH%下とする。触針を動かす方向は、任意の方向とする。
合わせガラス用中間膜は、通常はロール状に巻き取った状態で保管され、該ロール状体から引き出して合わせガラスの製造に供される。可視光線透過率Tvが5%以下となるように多量の着色剤を配合した合わせガラス用中間膜では、着色剤の一部が合わせガラス用中間膜の表面にブリードアウトし易くなる。このような着色合わせガラス用中間膜では、ロール状体での保管中や、ロール状体から引き出した後の作業中に、ブリードアウトした着色剤が他の合わせガラス用中間膜や作業者の手等に転写してしまうことがある。着色剤を含有しない第2の樹脂層を積層することにより、着色剤を含有する第1の樹脂層からの着色剤の転写を防止することができる。
上記熱可塑性樹脂として、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、フッ化ビニリデン-六フッ化プロピレン共重合体、ポリ三フッ化エチレン、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリエーテル、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリビニルアセタール、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体等が挙げられる。なかでも、上記樹脂層はポリビニルアセタール、又は、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体を含有することが好ましく、ポリビニルアセタールを含有することがより好ましい。
上記可塑剤としては、合わせガラス用中間膜に一般的に用いられる可塑剤であれば特に限定されず、例えば、一塩基性有機酸エステル、多塩基性有機酸エステル等の有機可塑剤や、有機リン酸化合物、有機亜リン酸化合物等のリン酸可塑剤等が挙げられる。
上記有機可塑剤として、例えば、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエート、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエート、ジエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、ジエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、ジエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエート等が挙げられる。なかでも、上記樹脂層はトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート、又は、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-n-ヘプタノエートを含むことが好ましく、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートを含むことがより好ましい。
上記接着力調整剤としては、例えば、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩が好適に用いられる。上記接着力調整剤として、例えば、カリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム等の塩が挙げられる。なかでも合わせガラスを製造するときに、ガラスと中間膜との接着力を容易に調製できることから、マグネシウム塩が好適である。
上記塩を構成する酸としては、例えば、オクチル酸、ヘキシル酸、2-エチル酪酸、酪酸、酢酸、蟻酸等のカルボン酸の有機酸、又は、塩酸、硝酸等の無機酸が挙げられる。
また、上記第2の樹脂層は、上記可塑剤、接着力調整剤や、必要に応じて酸化防止剤、光安定剤、接着力調整剤として変成シリコーンオイル、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、耐湿剤、熱線反射剤、蛍光剤、熱線吸収剤等の添加剤を含有してもよい。
上記第2の樹脂層が着色剤を含有する場合、上記第1の樹脂層に含有されるのと同様の着色剤を用いることができる。
なお、上記各樹脂層の弾性率は、以下の方法により測定される。
第1の樹脂層を形成するための組成物をミキシングロールで充分に混練(混合)した後、150℃でプレス成型して、厚み800μmの成形体(第1の樹脂層)を得る。得られた成形体をダンベル社製のスーパーダンベルカッター:SDK-600で打ち抜いて、試験片を得る。得られた試験片を23℃及び湿度30%RHで12時間保管する。その後、23℃の恒温室でエー・アンド・デイ社製のテンシロンを用い、200mm/minで、試験片の引張試験を行う。得られた応力-歪み曲線の歪が0~10%での傾きを算出し、ヤング率とする。得られたヤング率を第1の樹脂層の弾性率とする。第2の樹脂層、他の樹脂層も同様の方法によって測定することができる。
なお、23℃の環境下にて、中間膜から第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層を剥離することで得られた第1の樹脂層を、厚みが800μmとなるように150℃でプレス成型(加圧しない状態で150℃10分間、加圧した状態で150℃10分間)した後、ダンベル社製のスーパーダンベルカッター:SDK-600で打ち抜いて、試験片を得てもよい。
上記第1の樹脂層の平均厚みが100~500μmの範囲内であれば、上記着色剤の配合により、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際の可視光線透過率Tvを5%以下に容易に調整することができる。上記第1の樹脂層の平均厚みのより好ましい下限は150μm、より好ましい上限は450μmであり、更に好ましい下限は200μm、特に好ましい下限は300μm、更に好ましい上限は400μmである。
上記第2の樹脂層の平均厚みが100μm以上であれば、上記第1の樹脂層の平均厚みの変動を抑えることができる。上記第2の樹脂層の平均厚みは200μm以上であることがより好ましく、250μm以上であることが更に好ましい。上記第2の樹脂層の平均厚みの上限は特に限定されないが、1000μm程度が実質的な上限である。
なお、上記可視光線透過率は、以下の手順に従って測定される。JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製し、得られた合わせガラスの任意の20箇所について、分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS R 3106(1998)に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの波長380~780nmにおける可視光線透過率を測定した。測定した可視光線透過率の20点の平均値と、標準偏差を求め、可視光線透過率の平均値を標準偏差で割った値(可視光線透過率の平均値/標準偏差)をCV値として算出した。
なお、合わせガラスを作製した際の可視光線透過率の測定において測定のバラツキを抑えられることから、用いるJIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスは、1枚の厚みが2.4~2.5mm、且つ、1枚の可視光線透過率が90.0~91.0%であるクリアガラスであることが好ましい。なかでも、1枚の厚みが2.5mm、1枚の可視光線透過率が90.5%であるクリアガラスを用いることがより好ましい。
本発明の着色合わせガラス用中間膜では、上記比E1/E2が1.25以上であり、かつ、比t1/t2が2.0以下であることにより、刻線状の凹部を有する場合にでも、可視光線透過率のばらつきを防止できる。
なお、共押出法により本発明の着色合わせガラス用中間膜を製造する場合には、フィードブロック法を採用することが好ましい。フィードブロック法については、例えば、特許第5220607号公報を参照されたい。フィードブロック法に用いる合わせガラス用中間膜製造装置は、1つの最表層形成用の第1の押出機を有する。第1の押出機には、層配置用ガイドに設けられた1つの第1の供給孔が接続されており、該層配置用ガイド内において、最表層形成用流路の一端が該第1の供給孔に接続されている。該最表層形成用流路は中間において第1、第2の分岐流路に分岐されており、第1、第2の分岐流路の端部が第1、第2の最表層形成用出口にそれぞれ接続されている。
フィードブロック法を採用することにより、例えば、上記第1の樹脂層が一部のみに配置されている着色合わせガラス用中間膜を製造する場合において、上記第1の樹脂層の厚みや幅を自由に設定することができ、かつ、色すじや色抜けのない着色合わせガラス用中間膜を製造することができる。
上記ガラス板は、一般に使用されている透明板ガラスを使用することができる。例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入りガラス、線入り板ガラス、着色された板ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、グリーンガラス等の無機ガラスが挙げられる。また、ガラスの表面に紫外線遮蔽コート層を有する紫外線遮蔽ガラスも用いることができる。更に、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート等の有機プラスチックス板を用いることもできる。
上記ガラス板として、2種類以上のガラス板を用いてもよい。例えば、透明フロート板ガラスと、グリーンガラスのような着色されたガラス板との間に、本発明の着色合わせガラス用中間膜を積層した着色合わせガラスが挙げられる。また、上記ガラス板として、2種以上の厚さの異なるガラス板を用いてもよい。
(1)第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物の調製
平均重合度が1700のポリビニルアルコールをn-ブチルアルデヒドでアセタール化することにより、アセチル基量1モル%、ブチラール基量69モル%、水酸基量30モル%ポリビニルブチラールを得た(以下、「PVB」ともいう)。得られたPVB100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40質量部、着色剤としてカーボンブラックを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物を得た。着色剤の添加量は、第1の樹脂層100質量%中、0.095質量%となる量であり、得られる着色合わせガラス用中間膜全体100質量%中、0.038質量%となる量とした。
PVB100質量部に対して、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40質量部を添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第2の樹脂層用樹脂組成物を得た。
得られた第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物と第2の樹脂層用樹脂組成物を、共押出機を用いて押し出し温度200℃の条件にて押出すことにより、第1の樹脂層/第2の樹脂層の2層構造の積層体を得た。
多数の微細な凹部と多数の微細な凸部とが形成された一対のエンボスロールを微細凹凸転写装置として用い、得られた積層体をこのエンボスロールに通し、多数の微細な凹部と多数の微細な凸部とが形成された積層体を得た。
更に一対のエンボスロールを凹凸形状転写装置として用い、得られた多数の微細な凹部と多数の微細な凸部とが形成された積層体をこのエンボスロールに通し、積層体の両面に、底部が連続した溝形状(刻線状)である凹部が平行して等間隔に形成された、表面粗さ(Rz)31μmの凹部を付与し、着色合わせガラス用中間膜を得た。上記一対のエンボスロールは、三角形斜線型ミルを用いて表面にミル加工を施した金属ロールと、45~75のJIS硬度を有するゴムロールとからなる。
なお、上記表面粗さRzはJIS B-0601(1994)に準拠した方法によって測定した。溝形状(刻線状)である凹部を形成する際の転写条件として、積層体の温度を95℃、ロール温度を130℃、プレス圧を500kPaとした。
その結果、第1の樹脂層の弾性率E1は9.6N/mm2、厚みt1は305μmであった。また、第2の樹脂層の弾性率E2は7.0N/mm2、厚みt2は455μmであった。
得られた着色合わせガラス用中間膜を、縦5cm×横5cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み1.0mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、着色合わせガラスを得た。
着色剤の量及び各樹脂層の厚みが表1記載の値となるように、第2の樹脂層/第1の樹脂層/第2の樹脂層の3層構造の着色合わせガラス用中間膜を製造し、着色合わせガラスを得た。着色合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスの製造には、実施例1と同様の操作を行った。
第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物の調製において、着色剤の添加量を、得られた第1の樹脂層100質量%中、0.052質量%となる量であり、得られる着色合わせガラス用中間膜全体100質量%中、0.037質量%となる量に変更した。この第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物を用い、実施例2と同様にして、各樹脂層の厚みが表1記載の値となる3層構造の着色合わせガラス用中間膜を製造し、着色合わせガラスを得た。
第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物の調製において、着色剤の添加量を、得られた第1の樹脂層100質量%中、0.043質量%となる量であり、得られる着色合わせガラス用中間膜全体100質量%中、0.037質量%となる量に変更した。この第1の樹脂層用樹脂組成物を用い、実施例2と同様にして、各樹脂層の厚みが表1記載の値となる3層構造の着色合わせガラス用中間膜を製造した。
可塑剤の量、着色剤の濃度及び各樹脂層の厚みが表2に記載の値となるように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、着色合わせガラス用中間膜及び着色合わせガラスを得た。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜について、以下の方法により評価を行った。結果を表1及び表2に示した。
得られた合わせガラスの任意の20箇所について、分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS R 3106(1998)に準拠して、波長380~780nmにおける可視光線透過率を測定した。
測定した可視光線透過率の20点の平均値と、標準偏差を求めた。得られた標準偏差を可視光線透過率の平均値で割り、100倍した値(標準偏差/可視光線透過率の平均値×100)をCV値として算出した。
なお、実施例及び比較例で用いたクリアガラスの可視光線透過率を測定したところ、90.5%であった。
Claims (3)
- 少なくとも一方の表面に凹部を有し、JIS R3202(1996)に準拠した2枚のクリアガラスを用いて合わせガラスを作製した際に、可視光線透過率Tvが5%以下である着色合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
熱可塑性樹脂と着色剤を含有する第1の樹脂層と、熱可塑性樹脂を含有し、着色剤を含有しない第2の樹脂層との少なくとも2層の積層体からなり、
前記第1の樹脂層の弾性率E1と、前記第2の樹脂層の弾性率E2の比E1/E2が1.25以上であり、かつ、前記第1の樹脂層の厚みt1と、前記第2の樹脂層の厚みt2の比t1/t2が2.0以下である
ことを特徴とする着色合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 第1の樹脂層が、2枚の第2の樹脂層に挟持された3層以上の積層体からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の着色合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 請求項1又は2記載の着色合わせガラス用中間膜が、一対のガラス板の間に積層されていることを特徴とする着色合わせガラス。
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