WO2018021091A1 - 溶接装置 - Google Patents
溶接装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018021091A1 WO2018021091A1 PCT/JP2017/025937 JP2017025937W WO2018021091A1 WO 2018021091 A1 WO2018021091 A1 WO 2018021091A1 JP 2017025937 W JP2017025937 W JP 2017025937W WO 2018021091 A1 WO2018021091 A1 WO 2018021091A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- preheating
- workpiece
- welded
- robot
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
- B23K9/0953—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using computing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
- B23K37/0211—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track
- B23K37/0229—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track the guide member being situated alongside the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
- B23K9/0956—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters using sensing means, e.g. optical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/127—Means for tracking lines during arc welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/28—Beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a welding apparatus, and more particularly to a welding apparatus that automates preheating work and welding work.
- preheating work to prevent weld cracking is usually performed manually using a burner because the preheating conditions differ depending on the weld work and welding location. It takes time.
- a method is known in which a welding auxiliary work tool is attached to or detached from a welding torch or a welding torch motion mechanism (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a welding apparatus that can automate preheating work and welding work and improve the efficiency of a series of work from preheating work to welding work. It is to provide.
- a welding apparatus for welding a workpiece by using a welding robot A welding control device for controlling the operation of the welding robot;
- a preheating device for preheating the welding workpiece includes: At least one or both of the dimensions of the weld workpiece and the weld joint shape, and input means for inputting preheating information;
- Storage means having at least welding robot operation locus teaching data, welding condition data, and preheating condition data;
- the welding robot motion trajectory teaching data, welding condition data, and preheating condition data prepared in advance in the storage means in accordance with either or both of the dimensions of the welding workpiece and the shape of the weld joint and the preheating information Accordingly, preheating conditions, welding robot motion trajectory and welding conditions for the weld joint to be welded are automatically generated, and preheating and welding are performed.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration can automatically generate preheating conditions and welding conditions simultaneously or independently based on workpiece dimensions and joint information, and can improve work efficiency.
- a welding device for welding a workpiece using a welding robot A welding control device for controlling the operation of the welding robot; A preheating device for preheating the welding workpiece; With The welding control device includes: At least one or both of the dimensions of the weld workpiece and the shape of the weld joint, and input means for inputting preheating information; Storage means having at least welding robot operation locus teaching data, welding condition data, and preheating condition data; With According to welding condition data and preheating condition data prepared in advance in the storage means in accordance with either or both of the dimensions of the welding workpiece and the shape of the welding joint and the preheating information, Preheating conditions, welding robot motion trajectory and welding conditions are automatically generated for preheating and welding.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration can automatically generate preheating conditions and welding conditions simultaneously or independently based on workpiece dimensions and joint information, and can improve work efficiency.
- the preheating device includes a preheating torch,
- the preheating torch is provided on a carriage movable in the longitudinal direction of the welding workpiece, dedicatedly provided at the tip of the welding robot, and the welding torch and the preheating torch provided at the tip of the welding robot. It is preferable to satisfy at least one of the following cases.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration can improve preheating efficiency.
- the preheating condition includes a preheating temperature, It is preferable that the preheating temperature is measured by a temperature sensor and controlled by the preheating device so as to be a preset preheating temperature determined in advance by an operator's input.
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can more reliably control the preheating temperature of the welding workpiece to the set preheating temperature.
- the pair of rotation positioners includes: A pair of annular holding portions in which the welding workpiece is housed and holding the welding workpiece by a plurality of fixing jigs; A drive unit that rotates one or both of the pair of annular holding units, It is preferable that the annular holding portion is formed such that a predetermined position of the annular portion is divided and a part of the annular portion is opened so that the welding workpiece can be accommodated.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration holds a steel structure by a pair of rotary positioners. For example, when welding a straight portion of a steel structure by a welding robot, the welding robot does not rotate the steel structure. In addition, when the arc portion (corner portion) of the steel structure is welded by the welding robot, the steel structure can be welded while being rotated. Thereby, the welding apparatus can weld continuously not only in the linear part of a steel frame structure but in an arc part, without cutting an arc.
- a pair of rotary positioners that are provided so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the welding workpiece, and that hold and rotate the welding workpiece, and are provided so as to be movable in a direction parallel to the movement direction of the pair of rotary positioners.
- a plurality of carriages, the welding robot provided on each of the plurality of carriages so as to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the rotary positioner, and a welding torch provided at a tip of the welding robot.
- the pair of rotation positioners includes: A pair of annular holding portions in which the welding workpiece is housed and holding the welding workpiece by a plurality of fixing jigs; A drive unit that rotates one or both of the pair of annular holding units, It is preferable that the annular holding portion is formed such that a predetermined position of the annular portion is divided and a part of the annular portion is opened so that the welding workpiece can be accommodated.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration holds a steel structure by a pair of rotary positioners and, for example, when welding separate linear portions of the steel structure by a welding robot provided for each carriage, the steel structure It can be welded by a plurality of welding robots without rotating the object, and when a separate arc part (corner part) of the steel structure is welded by a welding robot provided for each carriage, the steel structure It can be welded by a plurality of welding robots while rotating.
- the welding apparatus can continuously weld not only the straight portion of the steel structure but also the arc portion without cutting the arc by a plurality of welding robots.
- the welding control device A sensing voltage is applied between the welding torch supporting the welding wire set to a predetermined protruding length and the welding workpiece, and an energization state due to contact between the welding wire and the welding workpiece is detected to detect the welding workpiece.
- Sensing means for detecting the position Detection position data of both groove surfaces in a groove width direction from a detection start position of a predetermined depth with respect to a set groove depth from at least one of the welding workpiece surfaces detected by the sensing means, and the set groove
- a route gap calculating means for obtaining a route gap according to a difference between a depth and the detection start position, and a preset angle of the two groove surfaces; It is preferable to provide.
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can detect the position of the steel structure by the sensing means, and can calculate the route gap according to the position of the steel structure by the route gap calculation means. There is no need to detect, for example, the root gap can be obtained regardless of the unevenness by tack welding to the backing member or the slag adhesion by tack welding.
- the welding control device is configured to input the input or sensing with the dimensions of the welded workpiece, or a lamination pattern, preheating conditions, heat input conditions and welding conditions prepared in advance for the dimensions of the welded workpiece and the root gap. It is preferable to automatically generate a lamination pattern, preheating conditions, heat input conditions, interpass temperature conditions and welding conditions for the welded joint to be welded from the obtained route gap.
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can automatically generate the preheating condition, the lamination pattern, and the welding condition according to the size of the steel structure, or the size of the steel structure and the root gap.
- the welding control device includes a dimension of the welding workpiece, or a lamination pattern and welding conditions prepared in advance for the dimension of the welding workpiece and a root gap, and a root gap obtained by input or sensing.
- the cross-sectional area and the welding length existing in the same welding workpiece are different, so that a plurality of different volumes to be welded can be obtained.
- the volume to be welded is controlled by changing the feed amount of the welding wire in order to make the welding time from the base point to the next base point the same. It is preferable to compensate for the difference.
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can simultaneously weld a plurality of weld joints having different volumes to be welded by the plurality of welding robots by changing the feed amount of the welding wire by the plurality of welding robots.
- the welding control device provides an appropriate welding current range that can be welded in each pass, performs welding within the range, and controls so as to compensate for a difference in the amount of meat generated as a result in subsequent passes. Therefore, it is preferable that the total amount of meat is within a desired value.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration compensates for the difference in the amount of meat generated during welding in a later pass, and makes the total amount of meat within a desired value, so that a plurality of welding joints can be obtained by a plurality of welding robots. Can be efficiently and properly welded simultaneously.
- the welding control device controls so that at least one pass is individually welded for each weld joint when welding within an appropriate welding current range that can be welded in each pass is not possible. It is preferable to compensate for the meat volume error.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration welds at least one pass for each welded joint individually, and compensates for the overall thickness error, thereby increasing the difference in volume to be welded between the base points for each welded joint.
- a plurality of welding joints can be efficiently and appropriately welded simultaneously by a plurality of welding robots.
- a welding apparatus having such a configuration is capable of simultaneously welding a plurality of welded joints by a plurality of welding robots while maintaining an appropriate welding current by changing the protruding lengths of the welding wires of the plurality of welding robots. can do.
- a nozzle exchange device for exchanging the nozzle provided at the tip of the welding torch is provided,
- the nozzle changing device is A coil spring into which the nozzle is inserted;
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can easily follow the displacement due to deformation and bending of the coil spring even when the nozzle is inserted with a deviation from the coil spring. Even if there is a dimensional error, the nozzle can be reliably replaced.
- the welding control device includes: A sensing voltage is applied between the welding torch supporting the welding wire set to a predetermined protruding length and the welding workpiece, and an energized state due to contact between the welding wire and the welding workpiece is detected to detect the welding workpiece.
- Sensing means for detecting the position of Center position calculating means for calculating the center position of the welded workpiece from the dimensions of the welded workpiece inputted in advance and the position of the welded workpiece detected by the sensing means;
- An eccentric amount calculating means for calculating an eccentric amount of the welding workpiece with respect to the rotation center of the rotary positioner from a rotation center position of the rotary positioner input in advance and a center position of the welding workpiece; Correction means for correcting the welding robot operation trajectory according to the amount of eccentricity calculated by the amount of eccentricity calculating means; It is preferable to provide.
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can calculate the center position of the steel structure by the center position calculation means, and can calculate the eccentric amount of the steel structure by the eccentric amount calculation means. Even a rotating steel structure can be accurately welded.
- the welding control device can edit preheating timing when welding the plurality of welded joints as the preheating condition, It is preferable that a method of alternately performing preheating and welding for each welded joint and a method of welding all of the plurality of welded joints after preheating all of the plurality of welded joints can be selected.
- the welding apparatus having such a configuration can select an optimal preheating timing when welding a plurality of weld joints.
- the operation trajectory, preheating conditions and welding conditions of the welding robot can be automatically generated, so it is possible to automate the welding work from the preheating work without individually creating at least one or all teaching data such as the operation trajectory or preheating conditions, welding conditions, A series of work can be made more efficient.
- the welding apparatus 1 welds the steel structure W which is a workpiece for welding, for example, by gas shield arc welding.
- the welding device 1 includes a rotary positioner 10, a carriage 20, a welding robot 30, a wire supply container 40, a nozzle replacement device 50, a nozzle cleaning device 60, a wire cutting device 80, A welding control device 90.
- the welding apparatus 1 is provided with the slag removal apparatus 70 and the preheating apparatus 200 other than the structure shown in FIG. 1 (refer FIG. 6, FIG. 7).
- the rotation positioner 10 holds the steel structure W during welding and rotates the welding workpiece W.
- the rotary positioner 10 is configured as a pair, and holds the columnar steel structure W at two points in the longitudinal direction of the steel structure W. For example, when the straight portion of the steel structure W is welded by the welding robot 30, the rotary positioner 10 does not rotate the steel structure W but welds the arc portion (corner portion) of the steel structure W by the welding robot 30. In that case, the steel structure W is rotated. Thereby, the welding apparatus 1 can weld continuously not only in the linear part of the steel structure W but in an arc part, without cutting an arc.
- the rotary positioner 10 includes an annular holding portion 11, an elevating arm mechanism 12, a bracket 13, and a rail carriage 14.
- the annular holding part 11 accommodates and holds the steel structure W inside.
- a plurality of fixing jigs 111 for holding the steel structure W from four directions are provided inside the annular holding portion 11 so as to be stretchable.
- maintenance part 11 fixes the steel structure W on both sides with these several fixing jigs 111.
- a gear 11a is formed on the outer periphery of the annular holding portion 11, and the gear 11a is configured to mesh with a pinion gear 131 provided inside the bracket 13, as will be described later. (See FIGS. 3A and 3B). In FIG. 1, the gear 11a is not shown except for a part (only on the right side of the circumference).
- the elevating arm mechanism 12 opens and closes the annular holding portion 11 by dividing it.
- the lifting arm mechanism 12 is provided on the side of the annular holding part 11 and the bracket 13 (here, the right side), one end side is connected to the upper part of the annular holding part 11, and the other end side is the bracket 13. It is connected to the side (here, the right side).
- the elevating arm mechanism 12 opens the annular holding portion 11 so as to be divided at a predetermined position, and the circular arc portion 11b which is a part of the annular holding portion 11 is opened. It is set as the state which can accommodate the steel structure W by separating from the remainder of 11. 2B, when the steel structure W is accommodated, the lifting arm mechanism 12 is closed inside the circular arc portion 11b and provided inside the annular holding portion 11 as shown in FIG. 2C. The steel structure W is sandwiched and held by the four fixing jigs 111.
- the bracket 13 accommodates the annular holding part 11 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2A, the bracket 13 has a shape that accommodates the lower half of the annular holding portion 11 and exposes the upper half of the annular holding portion 11.
- a pinion gear 131 disposed so as to mesh with the gear 11 a of the annular holding portion 11 and a drive portion 132 that drives the pinion gear 131 are provided inside the bracket 13. ing.
- the drive unit 132 only needs to be provided in at least one of the pair of rotation positioners 10, and the other rotation positioner 10 may follow the rotation of one rotation positioner 10.
- the rail carriage 14 enables the rotary positioner 10 to move along the positioner moving rail R1. As shown in FIG. 1, a pair of rail carriages 14 are provided below the rotary positioner 10, and the rotary positioner 10 can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the steel structure W.
- the rotary positioner 10 is configured such that the gear 11a formed on the outer periphery of the annular holding portion 11 and the pinion gear 131 provided in the bracket 13 are engaged with each other (see FIG. 3A). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, the rotation positioner 10 can rotate the steel structure W during the welding operation by rotating the annular holding portion 11 by driving the drive portion 132.
- the carriage 20 mounts each mechanism constituting the welding apparatus 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the cart 20 is formed in a flat plate shape. A welding robot 30, a wire supply container 40, a nozzle replacement device 50, a nozzle cleaning device 60, a wire cutting device 80, and a welding control device 90 are placed on the top of the carriage 20. . In addition, a preheating torch on which a slag removing device mounting table 70a for placing a slag removing device 70 (see FIG. 6) and a preheating torch mechanism 201 (see FIG. 7) of the preheating device 200 are placed on the top of the carriage 20. A mounting table 200a is mounted.
- a wheel 21 is provided at the lower portion of the carriage 20, and the carriage 20 is configured to be movable along the carriage moving rail R ⁇ b> 2 by the wheel 21. That is, the carriage 20 is provided to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the steel structure W and in a direction parallel to the moving direction of the rotary positioner 10 described above.
- a slider mechanism 22 is provided on the top of the carriage 20, and a welding robot 30 is placed on the slider mechanism 22.
- the slider mechanism 22 is configured to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the rotary positioner 10, that is, the longitudinal direction of the steel structure W. Accordingly, the welding robot 30 placed on the upper portion of the slider mechanism 22 is configured to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the rotary positioner 10 during welding.
- the welding robot 30 welds the steel structure W.
- the welding robot 30 includes a welding torch 31 that supplies a welding wire to the arm tip.
- the welding torch 31 is connected to a welding power source (not shown), and is configured such that electric power is supplied to the welding wire via the welding torch 31.
- the welding robot 30 is placed on the carriage 20 via the slider mechanism 22 and is provided so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the rotary positioner 10 (the width direction of the steel structure W) as described above. ing. Further, the welding robot 30 is arranged between the pair of rotary positioners 10 or outside thereof, and welds a welded joint between the pair of rotary positioners 10.
- the wire supply container 40 accommodates a welding wire supplied to the welding torch 31. As shown in FIG. 1, the wire supply container 40 is formed in a cylindrical shape, and a welding wire is accommodated while being wound in a coil shape. The welding wire in the wire supply container 40 is unwound at the time of welding by a wire feeding device (not shown), passes through a wire pulling jig that is tapered in the upper part of the container, and passes through a conduit tube (not shown). To be supplied.
- the nozzle replacement device 50 replaces the shield gas supply nozzle provided at the tip of the welding torch 31.
- a short nozzle is used to prevent interference between the nozzle and the groove in the first layer or the second layer, and subsequent layers are welded.
- a long nozzle may be used to ensure shielding performance.
- the nozzle replacement device 50 by using the nozzle replacement device 50, the nozzle can be replaced even during welding, so that the replacement operation can be automated.
- the nozzle replacement device 50 is placed in the vicinity of the welding robot 30 on the carriage 20.
- the nozzle replacement device 50 is arranged on a cylindrical base 51, a cylindrical nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 arranged on the base 51, and the base 51.
- a plurality of nozzle attaching / detaching mechanisms 52 are arranged on the base 51.
- the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 attaches / detaches the nozzle at the tip of the welding torch 31.
- the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 includes a coil spring 521 into which a nozzle is inserted, a cylindrical member 522 that supports the coil spring, and a rotational drive source that rotates the coil spring 521 forward or backward via a spur gear 523. 524.
- the spur gear 523 is connected to the spur gear 534 via the intermediate gear 55 as shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, when the spur gear 523 on the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 side rotates, the nozzle changing device 50 transmits the rotational force to the spur gear 534 on the tip cleaning mechanism 53 side via the intermediate gear 55. It is configured to be transmitted.
- the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 having such a configuration removes the nozzle from the welding torch 31 by the following procedure, for example.
- FIG. 5B when the welding torch 31 is lowered and the nozzle 311 is inserted into the coil spring 521, the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 causes the spring inner diameter to be changed by the rotational drive source 524 as shown in FIG. 5C.
- the coil spring 521 is rotated in a direction in which the coil springs contract (clockwise in this case).
- the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 can easily remove the nozzle 311 from the torch main body 312 by raising the welding torch 31 as shown in FIG. 5C.
- the procedure shown in FIGS. 5A to 5C may be performed in reverse order.
- the tip cleaning mechanism 53 cleans the tip 313 (see FIGS. 5A to 5C) at the tip of the welding torch 31 from which the nozzle 311 has been removed. That is, the nozzle replacement device 50 is configured to clean the tip 313 at the tip of the welding torch 31 after removing the nozzle 311 from the welding torch 31 by the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52.
- a through hole 53b into which the tip 313 (see FIG. 5C) at the tip of the welding torch 31 is inserted is formed in the upper part of the cylindrical apparatus body 53a. Further, inside the apparatus main body 53a, a plurality of brushes are arranged so that tension is applied by a spring in the direction of the rotation center O, and the rotation radius is widened when a load is applied.
- the nozzle 311 is removed from above the rotation center O, the welding torch 31 with the tip 313 and the orifice attached is lowered and inserted into the through hole 53b, and the spatter adhered to the tip 313 and the orifice. Remove.
- the welding apparatus 1 including the nozzle replacement device 50 as described above can easily follow the deviation due to deformation and deflection of the coil spring 521 even when the nozzle 311 is inserted with a deviation from the coil spring 521. Therefore, even if the nozzle 311 is thermally deformed or has a dimensional error, the nozzle 311 can be reliably replaced.
- the nozzle cleaning device 60 cleans the nozzle 311 at the tip of the welding torch 31.
- a through hole (not shown) into which the nozzle 311 of the welding torch 31 is inserted is formed in the upper part of the nozzle cleaning device 60.
- the nozzle cleaning device 60 blows shot balls against the nozzle 311, thereby removing the spatter that is attached to the tip of the nozzle 311 and has a ring shape.
- the welding device 1 can prevent a decrease in shielding performance accompanying an increase in spatter adhering to the nozzle 311.
- the slag removing device 70 removes slag generated in the welded part when the steel structure W is welded by the welding robot 30.
- the slag removing device 70 includes a type used by replacing the welding torch 31 at the tip of the welding robot 30 and a type used by additionally mounting the welding torch 31.
- a type used by replacing the welding torch 31 will be described.
- the slag removing device 70 is placed on the slag removing device mounting table 70a shown in FIG. 1, and is automatically replaced with the welding torch 31 for each predetermined pass prepared during welding. It is attached to the tip of 30 and is configured to remove the slag of the weld.
- the slag removing device 70 includes a chisel mechanism 71, a slide holding mechanism 72, a chisel-side attaching / detaching mechanism 73, and a robot-side attaching / detaching mechanism 74. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the slag removing device 70 is provided with a chisel mechanism 71, a slide holding mechanism 72, a chisel side attaching / detaching mechanism 73, and a robot side attaching / detaching mechanism 74 detachably.
- the chisel mechanism 71 removes the slag generated in the welded portion by striking.
- the chisel mechanism 71 holds, for example, a needle assembly 711 in which a plurality of needles 711 a having a diameter of 3 mm are bundled, and a front portion of the needle assembly 711 protruding, and is supplied with air for actuating the chisel.
- a needle driver 712 that moves the needle assembly 711 forward and backward, for example, 4000 times / minute.
- the spring 726 has an axial center direction that coincides with the needle movement direction, and softly supports the needle driver 712 in the needle movement direction. That is, the spring 726 softly supports the needle drive body 712 in the needle moving direction at a neutral position where no compression force and tensile force are generated when the needle drive body 712 is in a horizontal posture.
- the spring 726 has an impact force in the needle moving direction from the needle driver 712 of 1/10 or less by an elastic force composed of a compressive force and a tensile force due to expansion and contraction when the axial direction coincides with the needle moving direction. Can be attenuated efficiently.
- the spring constant of the spring 726 is preferably in the range of 0.20 to 0.35 (kg / mm) when the weight of the moving part is 3.3 kg, for example.
- the reason for setting the spring constant in this range is that, although it is generally considered that the softening of the spring 726 has a higher effect of damping the vibration, the posture of the needle driver 712 changes depending on the position of the welded joint. This is because if the position is too soft, the weight applied to the spring 726 changes due to the posture change of the needle driver 712, and the tip end position of the chisel changes greatly.
- the chisel side attaching / detaching mechanism 73 makes the chisel mechanism 71 and the slide holding mechanism 72 detachable from the robot side attaching / detaching mechanism 74. As shown in FIG. 6, one side of the chisel-side attaching / detaching mechanism 73 is connected to the slide support member 725 of the slide holding mechanism 72, and the other is connected to the robot-side attaching / detaching member 741 of the robot-side attaching / detaching mechanism 74. As shown in FIG.
- the chisel-side attaching / detaching mechanism 73 detects the impact force transmitted from the slide holding mechanism 72 connected to the connecting member 731 connected to the lower surface of the slide support member 725 and the connecting member 731.
- a shock sensor 732, a tool plate 733 that supports the shock sensor 732, and a tool side attaching / detaching member 734 fixed to the tool plate 733 are provided.
- an air port 734a is formed on the side peripheral surface of the tool side attaching / detaching member 734.
- the air port 734a is connected to the needle driver 712 via a flexible first air pipe 735a as shown in FIG. 6 so as to supply the air for operating the needle to the needle driver 712. ing.
- a second air pipe 735b as shown in FIG. 6 is connected to an air port (not shown) on the side peripheral surface of the tool side attaching / detaching member 734.
- the second air pipe 735 b has an open end disposed in the vicinity of the tip of the needle assembly 711, and blow air is blown from the open end to the front of the tip of the needle assembly 711. By this, it is comprised so that the slag of the welding part surface may be blown away.
- a robot side attaching / detaching member 741 is detachably connected to the tool side attaching / detaching member 734 by attaching / detaching air.
- the tool side attaching / detaching member 734 and the robot side attaching / detaching member 741 are electrically connectable so as to transmit the shock detection signal from the shock sensor 732 described above, and the air for operating the chisel and the air for blowing are used. It is comprised so that an air path can be formed so that it may pass.
- a first air port 741a and a second air port 741b are formed on the side peripheral surface of the robot side attaching / detaching member 741, and a third air port (not shown) is formed.
- the first air port 741a communicates with the air port 734a of the tool-side attaching / detaching member 734 via an air passage, and serves as a not-illustrated air supply device for notch operation that supplies air for actuating the slag when removing the slag. It is connected.
- the second air port 741b is connected to a detachable air supply device (not shown) that supplies detachable air during the detachment operation.
- the third air port communicates with the second air pipe 735b through an air passage, and is connected to a blow air supply device (not shown) that supplies blow air when removing the slag.
- a blow air supply device (not shown) that supplies blow air when removing the slag.
- the above-described three types of air supply devices are composed of an open / close valve for three ports that is controlled to open and close at a predetermined timing, and a single air supply device to which each open / close valve is connected. It doesn't matter.
- the shock sensor 732, the tool plate 733, the tool side attaching / detaching member 734, the robot side attaching / detaching member 741, and the bracket 742 are arranged in this order with respect to the slide holding mechanism 72.
- the slag removing device 70 in which the member 734 and the robot-side detachable member 741 are configured to be detachable has been described, the arrangement of each component is not limited to that shown in FIG.
- the slag removing device 70 has a tool-side detachable member 734, a robot-side detachable member 741, a tool plate via a bracket (not shown) or a base plate (not shown) similar to the tool plate 733 with respect to the slide holding mechanism 72. 733, shock sensor 732, and bracket 742 may be arranged in this order, and the tool-side detachable member 734 and the robot-side detachable member 741 may be configured to be detachable.
- the slag removing device 70 having such a configuration is placed on, for example, a slag removing device mounting table 70a shown in FIG. 1 during welding by the welding torch 31. Then, after a predetermined pass prepared in advance is completed, as shown in FIG. 6, the slag of the welded portion is removed by being attached to the arm portion tip 32 of the welding robot 30. While the slag is being removed by the slag removing device 70, the welding torch 31 is placed on the slag removing device mounting table 70a instead of the slag removing device 70.
- the welding control device 90 inputs teaching data in advance. For example, when the teaching data for removing the slag in the fifth pass is input to the welding control device 90, the welding control device 90 finishes the welding process in the fifth pass, and the teaching data is removed from the slag. If it is determined that the processing is instructed, the welding robot 30 is operated to move the welding torch 31 in the direction of the slag removing device mounting table 70a.
- the welding control device 90 places the welding torch 31 on the slag removing device mounting table 70a, releases the connection between the tool side attaching / detaching member 734 and the robot side attaching / detaching member 741, and connects the welding torch 31 to the welding robot 30.
- the arm part is separated from the tip 32 of the arm.
- the welding control device 90 attaches the slag removing device 70 previously placed on the slag removing device mounting table 70 a to the arm portion tip 32 of the welding robot 30.
- the welding control device 90 replaces the welding torch 31 and the slag removing device 70 in this manner, the slag removing teaching data is subsequently created, and the slag of the welded portion is removed based on the slag removing teaching data. To do.
- a tool attaching / detaching member for holding the chisel is provided in the vicinity of the welding torch 31, or air expansion is performed.
- An attachment means for gripping the slag removing device 70 by a type gripping mechanism or the like is provided. And after a predetermined welding pass is complete
- the welding apparatus 1 provided with the slag removing apparatus 70 as described above can remove slag generated in the welded portion, it can prevent welding defects and welding defects.
- the wire cutting device 80 cuts the welding wire.
- the welding robot 30 performs sensing (three directions, gap sensing, etc.) using a welding wire for detection of the welding position and the position of the steel structure W, and when slag is attached to the tip of the welding wire.
- the welding apparatus 1 increases the sensing accuracy by cutting the tip of the welding wire by the wire cutting device 80 and removing the slag.
- the wire cutting device 80 is disposed on the carriage 20 at a height where the welding torch 31 can easily reach. And the wire cutting device 80 is provided with the some cutter which cut
- tip of the said cutter drives with air, for example, and cut
- the preheating device 200 preheats the welded portion of the steel structure W to a set preheating temperature prior to welding.
- the preheating device 200 includes a preheating torch mechanism 201. As shown in FIG. 7, the preheating device 200 is a type that is used by replacing the welding torch 31 at the arm portion tip 32 of the welding robot 30, a type that is used by providing the preheating device 200 on a dedicated carriage (see FIG. 13), Although there is a type (not shown) in which a dedicated welding robot for attaching the preheating torch mechanism 201 is separately provided, a type that is used in place of the welding torch 31 will be described below.
- the preheating torch mechanism 201 is placed on the preheating torch mounting table 200a shown in FIG. 1 during welding, and is automatically replaced with the welding torch 31 and attached to the tip of the welding robot 30 to preheat the welded portion.
- the preheating torch mechanism 201 includes a preheating torch 202, a non-contact type temperature sensor 203, a preheating torch side attaching / detaching mechanism 204, and a robot side attaching / detaching mechanism 74.
- a preheating torch 202, a temperature sensor 203, and a preheating torch side attaching / detaching mechanism 204 are detachably provided from the robot side attaching / detaching mechanism 74.
- the preheating torch side attaching / detaching mechanism 204 has one end connected to the preheating torch support portion 205 and the other connected to the robot side attaching / detaching mechanism 74 by attaching / detaching air.
- a preheating torch 202 and a temperature sensor 203 are disposed on the preheating torch support portion 205.
- a burner 206 for injecting a flame for preheating the welded portion of the steel structure W is provided at the front end of the preheating torch 202, and combustion gas is supplied to the burner 206 from a gas supply source (not shown) at the rear end.
- a gas supply port 207 is provided.
- the temperature sensor 203 measures the temperature of the welded portion heated by the preheating torch 202 in a non-contact manner.
- the temperature measurable range of the temperature sensor 203 is a range indicated by a broken line in FIG. 7, the preheating position is specified by the laser pointer, and the temperature of the heating point of the welded portion by the flame from the burner 206 is determined. Measure.
- the temperature sensor may be a contact type or non-contact type, but is preferably a non-contact type temperature sensor such as a radiation thermometer. Further, a visual sensor such as a thermography may be used. These temperature sensors are more preferably used in combination with a position sensor such as a laser pointer.
- the preheating torch 202 attached to the tip of the welding robot 30 is configured so that the welded portion is prior to welding based on the preheating conditions described later created by the welding control device 90, depending on the dimensions of the welding workpiece, the plate thickness, and the joint shape. Each can be preheated to a different set temperature. Therefore, the preheating device 200 can prevent welding cracks and automate the preheating operation.
- the welding control device 90 controls the operations of the rotary positioner 10, the carriage 20, the welding robot 30, the nozzle replacement device 50, the nozzle cleaning device 60, the slag removing device 70, the wire cutting device 80, and the preheating device 200.
- the welding control apparatus 90 includes an input unit 91, a sensing unit 92, a route gap calculation unit 93, a calculation unit 94, and a storage unit 95.
- means for mainly controlling the operation of the welding robot 30 and the preheating apparatus 200 will be described, and other apparatuses (rotary positioner 10, carriage 20, nozzle replacement apparatus) will be described. 50, description of the means for controlling the operation of the nozzle cleaning device 60, the slag removing device 70, and the wire cutting device 80) will be omitted.
- the input means 91 information on a welded workpiece (hereinafter referred to as a steel structure W), information on a welded joint, and preheating information are input.
- the input means 91 includes either the size of the steel structure W and / or the shape of the welded joint, information on whether or not welding can be performed, whether or not preheating can be performed, and a preheating temperature set as necessary. Or by inputting CAD data of the steel structure W. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the input unit 91 outputs these input information to the calculation unit 94.
- the root gap of the steel structure W, the position coordinates of the steel structure W, or the like may be input to the input unit 91 by input by an operator or CAD data of the steel structure W.
- the sensing means 92 detects the position coordinates of the steel structure W. Specifically, the sensing means 92 applies a sensing voltage between the welding torch 31 that supports the welding wire set to a predetermined protruding length and the steel structure W, so that the welding wire and the steel structure W The position of the steel structure W is detected by detecting an energized state due to contact. More specifically, the sensing means 92 receives an energization detection signal when contacting the steel structure W from the welding torch 31 that has performed sensing (touch sensing), and the steel structure is based on the energization detection signal. The position coordinate of W is detected.
- the steel structure W is composed of a steel structure (column) W1 and a steel structure (diaphragm) W2, and a lave groove is formed between them. Further, an example in which the backing member BM is arranged at the bottom of the groove will be described.
- a sensing start position P S from the detection start position P 1 for starting the detection of surface W1b of steel structure W1, is preset at a position separated only open tip side parallel to the distance A to the surface W1b.
- a fourth step it moves the welding torch 31 to a predetermined distance b (for example, 2 mm) only the position P 3 in which the pull-back in the -X direction, which is prepared in advance from the position P 2.
- a predetermined distance b for example, 2 mm
- the position P 3 to the position P 4 moves the welding torch 31 in the + Y direction.
- this predetermined distance D is based on the distance ratio ratio of groove depth C, for example from the preset setting groove depth C and the pullback distance b after detection of the surface W1b of the steel structure W1. Can be used.
- a seventh step from the position P 5 to the position P 6, moves the welding torch 31 in the + Y direction. Then, a welding wire is brought into contact with the position P 6 of the groove surface W2a of steel structure W2, and outputs the energization detection signal from the welding torch 31 to the sensing means 92. Thus, the sensing means 92 detects the position coordinates of the position P 6 of the groove surface W2a.
- the procedure of the eighth the position P 6 to the position P 7, moves the welding torch 31 in the -Y direction. Then, a welding wire is brought into contact with the position P 7 of the groove surface W1a of steel structure W1, and outputs the energization detection signal from the welding torch 31 to the sensing means 92.
- the sensing means 92 detects the position coordinates of the position P 7 of the groove surface W1a.
- the sensing means 92 outputs the calculated position coordinates of the positions P 2 , P 6 and P 7 to the route gap calculating means 93 as shown in FIG. .
- the route gap calculating means 93 calculates a root route gap.
- the route gap calculating unit 93 detects the detected position data of the groove surfaces W1a and W2a detected by the sensing unit 92, that is, the position coordinates of the positions P 6 and P 7 and the set groove depth C. the difference between the detected start position P 1 and a preset groove surface W1a, the angle ⁇ 1 of W2a, based on the .theta.2, calculates a route gap. That is, the root gap calculating means 93, as shown in FIG. 9, because the angle ⁇ 1 coordinates and groove surface W1a position P 6 (here 90 °), to calculate the groove root position Q 1.
- the root gap calculating means 93 as shown in FIG. 9, the angle ⁇ 2 Metropolitan coordinates and groove surfaces W2a position P 7, and calculates the groove root position Q 2. Then, the route gap calculating means 93 calculates the distance r between the groove route position Q 1 and the groove route position Q 2 as a route gap, and outputs this to the calculating means 94.
- the calculating means 94 automatically generates a lamination pattern, a welding robot operation trajectory, welding conditions, and preheating conditions for a welded joint to be welded, and creates an operation program.
- the calculation means 94 includes a lamination pattern determination means 941, a welding / preheating condition determination means 942, and an operation program creation means 943.
- the lamination pattern determining means 941 determines a lamination pattern for the welded joint to be welded. Specifically, the lamination pattern determining means 941 is based on the dimension (for example, plate thickness) of the steel structure W input corresponding to the welded joint to be welded, or the dimension of the steel structure W and the root gap.
- the laminate pattern corresponding to the welded joint to be welded is selected and determined from the laminate pattern database stored in advance in the storage means 95. That is, the storage unit 95 stores a lamination pattern as a database for each dimension of the steel structure W, or for each dimension and root gap of the steel structure W.
- the laminated pattern determining means 941 determines an optimum laminated pattern with reference to the database.
- the route gap used in the lamination pattern determining unit 941 may be the route gap of the steel structure W input by the operator via the input unit 91, or the route gap of the steel structure W obtained by sensing. That is, the route gap obtained through the sensing means 92 and the route gap calculating means 93 may be used.
- the welding / preheating condition determining means 942 determines welding conditions and preheating conditions for the welded joint to be welded. Specifically, the welding / preheating condition determining means 942 includes the size (for example, plate thickness) of the steel structure W input corresponding to the welded joint to be welded, or the size and root gap of the steel structure W. Based on the preheating information, the welding condition and preheating condition corresponding to the welded joint to be welded are selected and determined from the welding condition data and the preheating condition data database stored in advance in the storage unit 95. That is, the storage means 95 stores welding condition data and preheating condition data as a database for each dimension of the steel structure W, or for each dimension and root gap of the steel structure W.
- the welding / preheating condition determining means 942 determines the optimum welding condition and preheating condition with reference to the database.
- the root gap used in the welding / preheating condition determining means 942 may be the root gap of the steel structure W input by the operator via the input means 91, or the steel structure W obtained by sensing.
- the route gap may be a route gap obtained through the sensing means 92 and the route gap calculating means 93.
- the operation program creation means 943 creates an operation program for the welding robot 30. Specifically, the operation program creation means 943 determines the operation trajectory of the welding robot 30 according to the lamination pattern determined by the lamination pattern determination means 941 and the welding conditions determined by the welding / preheating condition determination means 942. A robot operation program is created and output to the welding robot 30 for setting. That is, before the welding robot 30 performs the main welding process, the operation program creating unit 943 creates a program that teaches a procedure necessary for welding each path of the weld joint to be welded. Further, the welding robot motion trajectory teaching data may be created in advance as the master data in the storage means 95 by the input of the operator or the CAD data of the steel structure W, and the dimensions of the input steel structure W may be created.
- An operation program is created so as to correct a teaching program of a procedure necessary for each welding of each pass of the welded joint.
- This teaching program uses welding current, welding voltage, welding speed, protrusion length of the welding torch 31, current value corresponding to the wire feed speed, etc., and heat input conditions as welding conditions for the welded joint to be welded.
- the information includes the temperature between passes, the operation trajectory of the welding robot 30, the arc ON position, the main welding start position, the crater formation position, the start position of the seam processing, and the like.
- a preheating main program, an ignition program, and a preheating subprogram may be prepared in advance for the operation program creating means 943.
- the preheating main program describes instruction codes for calling the ignition program and the preheating subprogram, and the preheating temperature is confirmed by the temperature sensor 203 after the preheating is completed.
- the ignition program called from the preheating main program ignites the preheating torch 202 by the ignition device, and then confirms the ignition.
- the preheating subprogram automatically generates the heating temperature and heating time of the preheating device 200 for the weld joint to be welded, and preheats the welded portion to the set preheating temperature by the preheating device 200.
- the preheating temperature is set by manually inputting it to the input means 91 of the welding control device 90. It is preferable to do. Specifically, the mode key 911 of the input means 91 is operated to switch the mode, and the current temperature of the welded part is displayed on the upper part of the display part, and the emissivity is displayed on the lower part (FIG. 12A). Further, after the mode key 911 is operated to switch to the temperature / setting mode, the arrow key 912 is operated to set the set preheating temperature (150 ° C. in the figure) (FIG. 12B). In addition to the process of FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B, in order to clarify the temperature measurement position, the setting item for irradiating the laser to the temperature measurement position of the welded part may be added by switching to the laser projection setting mode. Good.
- the storage means 95 stores the stacking pattern, welding condition data, heat input condition data, and preheating condition data for each dimension of the steel structure W, or for each dimension and root gap of the steel structure W.
- the storage unit 95 is implemented by a memory, a hard disk, or the like that can store data.
- the storage means 95 is provided inside the welding control device 90 as shown in FIG. 8, but may be provided outside.
- the welding apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration is based on information such as the dimensions of the steel structure W input to the input unit 91 of the welding control apparatus 90, and the operation trajectory data, preheating condition data, and welding of the welding robot 30.
- the heat input condition data and the interpass temperature data are stored in the storage means 95 as database information so that the heat input condition and the interpass temperature condition can be automatically generated. Therefore, according to the welding apparatus 1, preheating work and welding work can be automated without individually creating teaching data such as operation trajectory, welding conditions, and preheating conditions, and heat input and inter-pass temperature management can also be performed. It becomes easy and efficiency of welding work can be achieved.
- preheating conditions for large welded workpieces differ depending on the dimensions, plate thickness, and joint shape of the welded workpiece, conventionally, preheating data has been individually created and preheated for each welding location. According to the welding control device 90, the preheating work can be automated, and the working efficiency is improved.
- the welding apparatus 1 holds the steel structure W by the pair of rotary positioners 10 and, for example, when welding a straight portion of the steel structure W by the welding robot 30, without rotating the steel structure W.
- the steel structure W can be welded while rotating. Thereby, the welding apparatus 1 can weld continuously not only in the linear part of the steel structure W but in an arc part, without cutting an arc.
- the welding apparatus 1 can detect the position of the steel structure by the sensing means 92 and can calculate the route gap according to the position of the steel structure W by the route gap calculation means 93, the position of the bottom surface of the groove is determined. There is no need to detect, and for example, the root gap can be obtained regardless of irregularities caused by tack welding to the backing member BM or slag adhesion caused by tack welding.
- the welding apparatus 1 can automatically generate a lamination pattern, a welding condition, and a preheating condition for a welded joint to be welded according to the size of the steel structure W or the size of the steel structure W and the root gap. it can.
- the welding control device 90 receives either the dimension of the steel structure W and the shape of the weld joint, or both, by the input by the operator or the CAD data of the steel structure W to the input means 91. Information on whether or not welding can be performed is input (step S1).
- the welding control apparatus 90 detects the position of the steel structure W by the sensing means 92 (step S2).
- the welding control apparatus 90 starts detection of the position coordinates of the positions P 6 and P 7 of the groove surfaces W 1 a and W 2 a detected by the sensing means 92, the set groove depth C, and the root gap calculation means 93.
- the difference between the position P 1, preset groove surface W1a, the angle .theta.1, .theta.2 of W2a calculates a route gap based on (step S3).
- the welding control device 90 performs welding robot operation trajectory teaching data, welding data prepared in advance in the storage means 95 in accordance with either or both of the size of the steel structure W and the shape of the weld joint, and preheating information.
- the calculation means 94 automatically generates a lamination pattern, welding conditions and preheating conditions for the welded joint to be welded to create an operation program (step S4).
- the welding control apparatus 90 outputs and sets the operation
- the preheating device 200 preheats the welded portion, and then welding by the welding robot 30 is started.
- the welding robot operation trajectory teaching data (master data) is stored in the storage unit 95. Without storing or using, the calculation may be performed directly according to one or both of the size of the steel structure W and the shape of the welded joint, and the preheating information.
- the preheating device 200B of the modification is provided independently on the dedicated carriage 20A.
- the dedicated carriage 20A is configured to be movable along the carriage moving rail R2 by wheels 21A provided at the lower part. That is, the cart 20A is provided so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the steel structure W as shown in FIG.
- a slider mechanism 22A is provided on the upper portion of the carriage 20A.
- a boarding platform 210 on which the operator P can board is placed on the slider mechanism 22A.
- the boarding base 210 is movable in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the steel structure W by the slider mechanism 22A.
- a preheating torch holding arm 211 is erected on the boarding base 210.
- a plurality of (four in FIG. 13) preheating torches 202 are fixed to the preheating torch holding arm 211.
- the boarding platform 210 is provided with input means 91A in the vicinity of the worker P. The worker P can set the preheating temperature and the like from the input means 91A.
- the preheating apparatus 200B preheats the welding part of the steel structure W to the set preheating temperature with the some preheating torch 202.
- FIG. 1 As another modification of the preheating device, a welding robot dedicated to preheating may be separately provided in addition to the welding robot for welding, and a preheating torch may be provided at the tip of the welding robot.
- the welding apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> A has the same configuration as the welding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment except that a welding control apparatus 90 ⁇ / b> A is provided instead of the welding control apparatus 90. Therefore, below, it demonstrates centering on difference with the welding apparatus 1, and abbreviate
- the welding control device 90 ⁇ / b> A is obtained by adding a function of correcting the operation program based on the eccentric amount of the steel structure W to the welding control device 90 described above.
- the welding control apparatus 90 ⁇ / b> A includes a center position calculation unit 96 and an eccentricity calculation unit 97 in addition to the input unit 91, the sensing unit 92, the route gap calculation unit 93, the calculation unit 94, and the storage unit 95. And a correcting means 98.
- the center position calculation means 96 calculates the center position of the steel structure W. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, the center position calculation means 96 is based on the dimensions of the steel structure W input from the input means 91 and the position coordinates of the steel structure W detected by the sensing means 92. The center position of the steel structure W is calculated. Then, the center position calculating means 96 outputs the center position of the steel structure W to the eccentricity calculating means 97 as shown in FIG.
- the eccentricity calculating means 97 calculates the eccentricity of the steel structure W.
- the eccentricity calculating means 97 is a rotational positioner based on the position coordinates of the rotational center position of the rotational positioner 10 set in advance and the center position of the steel structure W calculated by the central position calculating means 96.
- the amount of eccentricity which is the amount of deviation of the steel structure W with respect to 10 rotation centers, is calculated.
- the eccentricity calculating means 97 outputs the eccentricity of the steel structure W to the correcting means 98 as shown in FIG.
- the correction means 98 corrects the robot movement locus created by the calculation means 94. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, the correction unit 98 adds the operation program created by the operation program creation unit 943 (see FIG. 10) of the computing unit 94 according to the eccentric amount calculated by the eccentric amount calculation unit 97. Correct the robot motion trajectory included. That is, the operation program created in the calculation means 94 is created on the assumption that the eccentricity amount of the steel structure W with respect to the rotation center of the rotation positioner 10 is zero. The operation program can be corrected. As a specific method for correcting the robot motion trajectory by the correcting means 98, for example, correction data of the robot motion trajectory corresponding to the eccentric amount is experimentally obtained in advance, and the eccentric amount calculated by the eccentric amount calculating means 97 is obtained. There is a method of selecting and applying correction data according to the above. Then, the correction means 98 outputs the operation program corrected in this way to the welding robot 30.
- a of welding apparatuses provided with the above structures can calculate the center position of the steel structure W by the center position calculation means 96, and can calculate the eccentric amount of the steel structure W by the eccentricity calculation means 97. Even the steel structure W rotating while being eccentric by the rotation positioner 10 can be accurately welded.
- the welding apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> B has the same configuration as the welding apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment except that a welding control apparatus 90 ⁇ / b> B is provided instead of the welding control apparatus 90. Therefore, below, it demonstrates centering around difference with the welding apparatus 1, and abbreviate
- the welding control device 90B is obtained by adding an inching function for the steel structure W to the welding control device 90 described above.
- the welding control apparatus 90 ⁇ / b> B further includes inching means 101 in addition to input means 91, sensing means 92, route gap calculation means 93, calculation means 94, and storage means 95.
- the inching means 101 inches the welding wire protruding from the welding torch 31. Specifically, the inching means 101 advances the welding wire to which the sensing voltage is applied to the steel structure W by an inching operation at the welding start position of the welding torch 31. Next, the inching means 101 detects a short circuit when the tip of the welding wire comes into contact with the steel structure W, and confirms energization between the welding wire and the steel structure W. Next, the inching means 101 performs an inching operation of the welding wire in the reverse direction by a predetermined length. Then, the inching means 101 generates a control signal for supplying a predetermined welding power to the welding wire at the welding start position of the welding torch 31 and igniting the arc to start welding, as shown in FIG. A signal is output to the welding robot 30.
- the steel structure W is composed of a steel structure (column) W3 and a steel structure (diaphragm) W4, and between them, An example in which a lave groove is formed and a backing member BM is disposed at the bottom of the groove will be described.
- the inching means 101 is a welding torch 31 in an initial state as shown in FIG. 16A, which is a joint between the steel structure W3 and the steel structure W4 at the arc start position, and the backing member BM is disposed.
- the protruding length of the welding wire at the tip of the welding torch 31 is made shorter than the protruding length at the time of welding by cutting the welding wire or performing a reverse inching operation of the welding wire.
- ⁇ is a groove angle
- r is a root gap.
- the inching means 101 moves the welding torch 31 in which the length of the welding wire at the tip of the welding torch 31 is shorter than the protruding length at the time of welding to the arc start position.
- a wire inching operation is performed by applying a sensing voltage to the welding wire.
- the inching means 101 performs sensing between the welding wire and the steel structures W3 and W4, as shown in FIG. 16D, before reaching the maximum wire inching amount, for example, 20 mm, during the welding wire inching operation.
- the welding wire moves away from the steel structures W3 and W4 until the sensing voltage rises in the reverse direction.
- the inching means 101 starts the arc by starting the arc after improving the arc start performance by reversely inching the welding wire by a predetermined length, for example, 5 mm.
- the inching means 101 pulls up the welding torch 31 by a predetermined distance, for example, 5 mm, performs an inching operation of the welding wire in the reverse direction, for example, 15 mm, and starts arc start in the XYZ directions as shown in FIG. 17B.
- the welding torch 31 is pulled up to a position based on the position.
- the inching means 101 has a position different from the welding start position shifted by a predetermined distance in the XYZ directions, for example, the shift amount in the welding line traveling direction is 0 mm, and the welding line left-right shift amount is the wall.
- the sensing voltage is applied again, and the conductivity check operation is performed.
- the inching means 101 again attaches the welding wire by a predetermined length. Perform inching operation in the opposite direction. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the inching means 101 performs a pulling process of the welding wire, and repeats this energization confirmation operation until energization is detected or a predetermined number of times set in advance.
- the position different from the welding start position is a position near the welding start position and other than the welding start position, and means a position where welding can be started from this position. Yes.
- the inching means 101 proceeds to error processing on the assumption that the arc start start position cannot be detected. The details of the error processing are omitted here.
- the welding apparatus 1B having the above-described configuration includes the inching means 101, it is possible to confirm whether or not arcing is possible before starting welding, and to reliably start the arc at the welding start position.
- a welding apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> C according to the fourth embodiment includes two welding robots 30. That is, the welding apparatus 1C according to the fourth embodiment includes a carriage 20, a welding robot 30, a wire supply container 40, a nozzle replacement device 50, and a nozzle cleaning device in addition to the configuration of the welding device 1 shown in FIG. 60, a slag removing device 70, a wire cutting device 80, and a preheating device 200. Moreover, 1C of welding apparatuses which concern on 4th Embodiment are comprised so that each apparatus can be controlled by one welding control apparatus 90C.
- the welding control apparatus 90C of the welding apparatus includes a calculation means 94C in addition to the input means 91, the sensing means 92, the route gap calculation means 93, and the storage means 95. ing.
- the computing means 94C includes a welding condition correcting means 944 in addition to the lamination pattern determining means 941, the welding / preheating condition determining means 942, and the operation program creating means 943.
- the configuration other than the calculation means 94C in the welding control apparatus 90C and the configuration other than the welding condition correction means 944 in the calculation means 94C have already been described, description thereof will be omitted.
- the welding condition correcting unit 944 corrects the welding condition determined by the welding / preheating condition determining unit 942.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 includes two or more welded joints having different volumes to be welded by changing one or both of the cross-sectional area and the welding length existing in the same steel structure W.
- the welding wire feed amount included in the welding conditions determined by the welding / preheating condition determining means 942 is changed in order to make the welding time from the base point to the next base point the same.
- the welding condition correction means 944 can compensate for the difference in volume to be welded among the plurality of weld joints.
- the following preparation is performed.
- the welding conditions reference welding conditions, that is, the welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, and target position
- the welding conditions reference welding conditions, that is, the welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, and target position
- a variable welding current range and an arc voltage corresponding to the welding current range are obtained for each welding pass (each pass when performing multi-layer welding) (welding current range).
- welding current range a variable welding current range and an arc voltage corresponding to the welding current range.
- the lamination pattern of thin plate thickness, welding current and welding speed are the same conditions up to the middle of the thick plate thickness. It does not matter if the plate thickness is individual as in the pass.
- these pieces of information are stored in the storage means 95, and as shown in FIG. 18, the information can be output to the welding condition correction means 944.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 performs the following processing. First, for the passes to be welded simultaneously by the two welding robots 30, the throat thickness may be the same in the reference welding conditions after the end of the pass, that is, the lamination pattern, the welding current, and the welding speed may be the same. In this case, the welding condition correcting means 944 calculates the throat thickness in the reference welding conditions from the reference welding conditions, the root gap of the welded joint, and, if there is a previously welded path, the welded throat thickness. The amount of weld metal required for welding between the base points when it is assumed to be maintained is obtained, and the average value is determined as the target amount of weld metal (target amount of weld metal).
- the welding condition correcting means 944 obtains a welding time as a target amount of deposited metal when the current value of the reference welding condition of this pass is used from the relationship between the wire feed speed and the welding current obtained in advance. In this case, the welding condition correction means 944 calculates the welding speed for the straight portion of the steel structure W from the welding length between the base points. Further, the welding condition correcting means 944 has a welding length corresponding to the welding position to be welded this time because the welding time is the rotation time of the rotary positioner 10 for the arc portion (corner portion) of the steel structure W. The welding speed (relative speed between the steel structure W and the welding torch 31) is calculated by considering that the throat thickness is different.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 obtains the wire feed speed required for each weld joint from the obtained welding speed and the amount of deposited metal required for this weld joint, and obtains the wire feed speed obtained in advance. From the relationship with the welding current, the actual current value and the corresponding arc voltage are determined.
- the throat thicknesses in the reference welding conditions after the end of the pass for the passes to be welded simultaneously by the two welding robots 30 may be different, that is, the lamination pattern, the welding current, and the welding speed may be different.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 determines the reference welding condition for each welded joint from each reference welded condition and the root gap of the welded joint and, if there is a previously welded path, the throat thickness that has been welded so far. The amount of weld metal required for welding between the base points on the premise of maintaining the throat thickness in the case is obtained, and the average value is determined as the target weld metal amount (target weld metal amount).
- the welding condition correcting means 944 obtains the wire feed speed with respect to the current value of the paths to be welded simultaneously from each reference welding condition, obtains the average value thereof, and sets this as the average wire feed speed.
- the welding condition correction means 944 calculates the welding time at this time from the target amount of deposited metal and the average wire feed speed. In this case, the welding condition correction means 944 calculates the welding speed for the straight portion of the steel structure W from the welding length between the base points and the welding time. Further, the welding condition correcting means 944 has a welding length corresponding to the welding position to be welded this time because the welding time is the rotation time of the rotary positioner 10 for the arc portion (corner portion) of the steel structure W.
- the welding speed (relative speed between the steel structure W and the welding torch 31) is calculated by considering that the throat thickness is different.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 obtains the wire feed speed required for each weld joint from the obtained welding speed and the amount of deposited metal required for this weld joint, and obtains the wire feed speed obtained in advance.
- the actual current value and the corresponding arc voltage are determined from the relationship with the welding current.
- the welding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment simultaneously welds a plurality of weld joints having different volumes to be welded by the plurality of welding robots 30 by changing the feed amounts of the welding wires by the plurality of welding robots 30. can do.
- the welding condition correction means 944 provides an appropriate welding current range that can be welded in each pass, performs welding within the range, and compensates for the difference in the resulting amount of meat in the subsequent passes, so that the total It is preferable to modify the welding conditions so that the thickness of the steel is within a desired value. In other words, if the welding current is changed within the predetermined welding current range and the welding is performed with the wall thickness changed, the amount of deposited metal in each pass of each welded joint will not reach the desired value. The amount of metal or overflowing deposited metal is carried over to the next pass. In addition, when the throat thickness of the current pass becomes 0 or less, welding is carried out at the lower limit value, and the overflowing amount of deposited metal is carried over to the next pass. Accordingly, the welding condition correcting means 944 performs the same processing as described above by adding the error to the target of the amount of deposited metal carried forward to the amount of deposited metal required in the next pass of the weld joint.
- the welding apparatus compensates for the difference in the amount of meat generated during welding in a later pass, and keeps the total amount of meat within a desired value.
- a plurality of weld joints can be efficiently and appropriately welded simultaneously.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 can reduce the overall thickness error by welding at least one pass individually for each welded joint when welding within an appropriate welding current range that can be welded in each pass is not possible. It is preferable to correct the welding conditions to compensate. That is, if the difference in the amount of weld metal between a plurality of weld joints becomes large, an error occurs in the weld metal amount of each weld joint in the welding results at the end of all passes, and a case where desired weld quality cannot be obtained occurs. . In this case, the welding condition correcting means 944 prevents simultaneous welding of one or more passes, that is, prevents simultaneous welding of at least one of the plurality of welded joints, and again welds the reference welding conditions.
- the rotational speed (welding speed) of the rotary positioner 10 at this time is recalculated according to the amount of remaining deposited metal necessary up to this pass. And it welds based on the welding conditions corrected in this way. In this case, the remaining welded joints are welded in this pass before or after welding of the welded joints.
- the welding apparatus welds at least one path individually for each welded joint, and compensates for the overall thickness error so that the volume to be welded between the base points is different for each welded joint. Even if the difference is large, a plurality of welding joints can be efficiently and appropriately welded simultaneously by the plurality of welding robots 30.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 increases the difference in the wire feed amount when the welding within the appropriate welding current range that can be welded in each pass cannot be performed, and at this time, the welding current is out of the appropriate range.
- the welding condition correcting means 944 maintains the welding current within the range by changing the wire protrusion length when the welding metal amount cannot be set to a desired value even if the current value is set to the upper and lower limit values. Bring the amount to the desired value. That is, the welding condition correcting means 944 previously obtains a change in the correlation between the welding current and the arc voltage with respect to the change in the protrusion length from an experiment, and the welding current value at the wire feed amount determined from the welding speed and the amount of deposited metal. By changing the protruding length so that is within the current range, appropriate welding conditions are maintained and simultaneous welding is possible.
- the welding apparatus changes the protruding lengths of the welding wires of the plurality of welding robots 30 so that a plurality of welding joints can be efficiently and appropriately formed by the plurality of welding robots 30 at the same time. It is possible to perform welding while maintaining the welding current.
- the welding condition correcting unit 944 outputs the welding conditions corrected as described above to the operation program creating unit 943 as shown in FIG.
- the operation program creation means 943 creates a robot operation program for the welding robot 30 according to the lamination pattern determined by the lamination pattern determination means 941 and the welding conditions corrected by the welding condition correction means 944. Output to the welding robot 30 and set.
- the welding apparatus 1 ⁇ / b> C holds the steel structure W by the pair of rotary positioners 10 and welds separate linear portions of the steel structure W by the welding robot 30 provided for each carriage 20.
- the steel structure W can be welded by a plurality of welding robots 30 without rotating, and separate arc portions (corners) of the steel structure W can be provided by the welding robots 30 provided for each carriage 20. Part)), the steel structure W can be welded by a plurality of welding robots 30 while rotating.
- 1 C of welding apparatuses which concern on 4th Embodiment can weld continuously, without cut
- the nozzle attaching / detaching mechanism 52 only attaches / detaches the nozzle 311 of the welding torch 31, but for example, the inner surface (inner peripheral surface) of the removed nozzle 311.
- each includes the single welding robot 30 (see FIG. 1), but the two welding robots 30 as in the welding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. Even if it is provided, it is applicable.
- the steel frame is added. The operation program can be corrected based on the amount of eccentricity of the structure W.
- the welding apparatus 1B demonstrated the case where all were equipped with the one welding robot 30 (refer FIG. 1), it is equipped with the two welding robots 30 like the welding apparatus which concerns on 4th Embodiment. Even in cases it can be applied.
- the welding control apparatus 90C see FIG. 18 of the welding apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, the welding wires protruding from the two welding torches 31 are added. Each inching operation can be performed.
- the inching means 101 of the welding apparatus 1B is added to the welding control apparatus 90C (see FIG. 18), the inching means 101 is specifically the tip of each welding robot 30 on the plurality of carriages 20.
- the welding wire to which the sensing voltage is applied is advanced to the steel structures W3 and W4 by an inching operation.
- the inching means 101 detects a short circuit when the tip of the welding wire comes into contact with the steel structures W3 and W4, and confirms energization between the welding wire and the steel structures W3 and W4. Then, the inching means 101 performs an inching operation of the welding wire in the reverse direction by a predetermined length.
- the inching means 101 supplies predetermined welding power to the welding wires at the welding start positions of the plurality of welding torches 31 at the same time, generates a control signal for starting the welding by igniting the arc, and welding the control signal. Output to the robot 30.
- the welding control device of the present invention can edit preheating timing when welding a plurality of welded joints as a preheating condition, and a method of alternately performing preheating and welding for each welded joint, or a plurality of welding A technique of welding all of the plurality of welded joints after preheating all of the joints can be selectively applied.
- the present invention is based on a Japanese patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-147869) filed on July 27, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 溶接ロボットを用いて、溶接ワークを溶接する溶接装置であって、
前記溶接ロボットの動作を制御する溶接制御装置と、
前記溶接ワークを予熱する予熱装置とを備え、
前記溶接制御装置は、
少なくとも、前記溶接ワークの寸法および溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、予熱情報が、入力される入力手段と、
少なくとも溶接ロボット動作軌跡教示データ、溶接条件データ、および予熱条件データを有する記憶手段と、
を備え、
前記溶接ワークの寸法および前記溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、前記予熱情報とに応じて、前記記憶手段に予め用意された前記溶接ロボット動作軌跡教示データ、溶接条件データ、および予熱条件データに従って、溶接しようとする前記溶接継手に対する予熱条件、溶接ロボット動作軌跡および溶接条件を自動的に生成し、予熱および溶接する。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、ワークの寸法や継手情報に基づいて、予熱条件および溶接条件を同時またはそれぞれ独立して自動的に生成可能となり、作業効率を向上することができる。
前記溶接ロボットの動作を制御する溶接制御装置と、
前記溶接ワークを予熱する予熱装置と、
を備え、
前記溶接制御装置は、
少なくとも、前記溶接ワークの寸法および前記溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、予熱情報が、入力される入力手段と、
少なくとも溶接ロボット動作軌跡教示データ、溶接条件データ、および予熱条件データを有する記憶手段と、
を備え、
前記溶接ワークの寸法および前記溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、前記予熱情報とに応じて、前記記憶手段に予め用意された溶接条件データおよび予熱条件データに従って、溶接しようとする溶接継手に対する予熱条件、溶接ロボット動作軌跡および溶接条件を自動的に生成し、予熱および溶接する。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、ワークの寸法や継手情報に基づいて、予熱条件および溶接条件を同時またはそれぞれ独立して自動的に生成可能となり、作業効率を向上することができる。
前記予熱トーチは、前記溶接ワークの長手方向に移動可能である台車上に設けられる場合、前記溶接ロボットの先端に専用に設ける場合、および前記溶接ロボットの先端に設けられた溶接トーチと前記予熱トーチを持ちかえる場合の少なくともいずれか1つを満たすことが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、予熱の効率化を図ることができる。
前記予熱温度は、温度センサーによって測定され、作業者の入力によって予め定められた設定予熱温度となるように前記予熱装置によって制御されることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、溶接ワークの予熱温度をより確実に設定予熱温度に制御することができる。
前記一対の回転ポジショナは、
前記溶接ワークが内部に収容され、複数の固定治具によって当該溶接ワークを保持する一対の環状保持部と、
前記一対の環状保持部の一方または双方を回転させる駆動部と、を備え、
前記環状保持部は、前記溶接ワークを収容できるように環状部分の所定位置が分断されて当該環状部分の一部が開口して形成されていることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、一対の回転ポジショナによって鉄骨構造物を保持するとともに、例えば溶接ロボットによって鉄骨構造物の直線部分を溶接する場合は、当該鉄骨構造物を回転させずに溶接ロボットによって溶接することができ、また、溶接ロボットによって鉄骨構造物の円弧部分(コーナー部)を溶接する場合は、当該鉄骨構造物を回転させながら溶接することができる。これにより、溶接装置は、鉄骨構造物の直線部分のみならず、円弧部分においてもアークを切ることなく連続して溶接することができる。
前記一対の回転ポジショナは、
前記溶接ワークが内部に収容され、複数の固定治具によって当該溶接ワークを保持する一対の環状保持部と、
前記一対の環状保持部の一方または双方を回転させる駆動部と、を備え、
前記環状保持部は、前記溶接ワークを収容できるように環状部分の所定位置が分断されて当該環状部分の一部が開口して形成されていることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、一対の回転ポジショナによって鉄骨構造物を保持するとともに、例えば台車ごとに設けられた溶接ロボットによって鉄骨構造物の別々の直線部分を溶接する場合は、当該鉄骨構造物を回転させずに複数の溶接ロボットによって溶接することができ、また、台車ごとに設けられた溶接ロボットによって鉄骨構造物の別々の円弧部分(コーナー部)を溶接する場合は、当該鉄骨構造物を回転させながら複数の溶接ロボットによって溶接することができる。これにより、溶接装置は、複数の溶接ロボットによって、鉄骨構造物の直線部分のみならず、円弧部分においてもアークを切ることなく連続して溶接することができる。
所定突き出し長さに設定された溶接ワイヤを支持する溶接トーチと前記溶接ワークとの間にセンシング電圧を印加し、前記溶接ワイヤと前記溶接ワークとの接触による通電状態を検出して前記溶接ワークの位置を検出するセンシング手段と、
前記センシング手段によって検出された、少なくとも一つの前記溶接ワーク表面からの設定開先深さに対する所定深さの検出開始位置から開先幅方向の両開先面の検出位置データと、前記設定開先深さと前記検出開始位置との差と、予め設定されている前記両開先面の角度とに従ってルートギャップを求めるルートギャップ算出手段と、
を備えることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、センシング手段によって鉄骨構造物の位置を検出し、ルートギャップ算出手段によって鉄骨構造物の位置に従ってルートギャップを算出することができるため、開先の底面の位置を検出する必要がなく、例えば裏当部材への仮付け溶接による凹凸や仮付け溶接によるスラグの付着に関係なくルートギャップを求めることができる。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、鉄骨構造物の寸法、もしくは、鉄骨構造物の寸法およびルートギャップに応じて、予熱条件、積層パターンおよび溶接条件を自動生成することができる。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、複数の溶接ロボットによる溶接ワイヤの送り量を変えることで、複数の溶接ロボットによって、溶接すべき体積の異なる複数の溶接継手を同時に溶接することができる。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、溶接の際に生じる肉量の違いを後のパスで補い、トータルの肉量を所望の値内にすることで、複数の溶接ロボットによって、複数の溶接継手を同時に効率よく、かつ、適正に溶接することができる。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、少なくとも1つのパスを前記溶接継手ごとに個別に溶接し、全体の肉量誤差を補うことで、溶接継手ごとで基点間の溶接すべき体積の差が大きくても、複数の溶接ロボットによって、複数の溶接継手を同時に効率よく、かつ、適正に溶接することができる。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、複数の溶接ロボットの溶接ワイヤの突き出し長さを変えることで、複数の溶接ロボットによって複数の溶接継手を同時に効率よく、かつ、適正な溶接電流を保って溶接することができる。
前記ノズル交換装置は、
前記ノズルが挿入されるコイルバネと、
前記ノズルが挿入された前記コイルバネをその中心軸回りに回転駆動させることで、前記ノズルを前記溶接トーチのトーチ本体から取り外す回転駆動源と、
を備えることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、コイルバネに対してノズルがずれて挿入された場合であっても、コイルバネの変形および撓みによってそのズレに容易に追従することができるため、ノズルに熱変形や寸法誤差があってもノズルの交換を確実に行うことができる。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、溶接部に発生したスラグを除去することができるため、溶接不良や溶接欠陥を防止することができる。
所定突き出し長さに設定された溶接ワイヤを支持する前記溶接トーチと前記溶接ワークとの間にセンシング電圧を印加し、前記溶接ワイヤと前記溶接ワークとの接触による通電状態を検出して前記溶接ワークの位置を検出するセンシング手段と、
予め入力された前記溶接ワークの寸法と、前記センシング手段によって検出された前記溶接ワークの位置とから、前記溶接ワークの中心位置を算出する中心位置算出手段と、
予め入力された前記回転ポジショナの回転中心位置と、前記溶接ワークの中心位置とから、前記回転ポジショナの回転中心に対する前記溶接ワークの偏心量を算出する偏心量算出手段と、
前記偏心量算出手段によって算出された前記偏心量に従って、前記溶接ロボット動作軌跡を修正する修正手段と、
を備えることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、中心位置算出手段によって鉄骨構造物の中心位置を算出し、偏心量算出手段によって鉄骨構造物の偏心量を算出することができるため、回転ポジショナによって偏心しながら回転する鉄骨構造物であっても正確に溶接を行うことができる。
前記溶接継手ごとに予熱と溶接を交互に行う手法と、前記複数の溶接継手全てに対して予熱を行った後に前記複数の溶接継手全てを溶接する手法と、を選択可能であることが好ましい。
このような構成を備える溶接装置は、複数の溶接継手を溶接する場合に、最適な予熱タイミングを選択することができる。
本発明の第1実施形態に係る溶接装置について、図1~図13を参照しながら説明する。
溶接装置1は、溶接用ワークである鉄骨構造物Wを、例えばガスシールドアーク溶接によって溶接する。溶接装置1は、図1に示すように、回転ポジショナ10と、台車20と、溶接ロボット30と、ワイヤ供給容器40と、ノズル交換装置50と、ノズル清掃装置60と、ワイヤ切断装置80と、溶接制御装置90と、を備えている。また、溶接装置1は、図1に示した構成以外にも、スラグ除去装置70および予熱装置200を備えている(図6、図7参照)。
回転ポジショナ10は、溶接の際に鉄骨構造物Wを保持するとともに溶接ワークWを回転させる。回転ポジショナ10は、図1に示すように、一対で構成され、柱状の鉄骨構造物Wを、当該鉄骨構造物Wの長手方向における2点で保持する。回転ポジショナ10は、例えば溶接ロボット30によって鉄骨構造物Wの直線部分を溶接する場合は当該鉄骨構造物Wを回転させず、溶接ロボット30によって鉄骨構造物Wの円弧部分(コーナー部)を溶接する場合は当該鉄骨構造物Wを回転させる。これにより、溶接装置1は、鉄骨構造物Wの直線部分のみならず、円弧部分においてもアークを切ることなく連続して溶接することができる。回転ポジショナ10は、ここでは図1に示すように、環状保持部11と、昇降アーム機構12と、ブラケット13と、レール台車14と、を備えている。
台車20は、溶接装置1を構成する各機構を載置する。台車20は、図1に示すように、平板状に形成されている。そして、台車20の上部には、溶接ロボット30と、ワイヤ供給容器40と、ノズル交換装置50と、ノズル清掃装置60と、ワイヤ切断装置80と、溶接制御装置90と、が載置されている。また、台車20の上部には、スラグ除去装置70(図6参照)を載置するスラグ除去装置用載置台70a、及び予熱装置200の予熱トーチ機構201(図7参照)を載置する予熱トーチ用載置台200aが載置されている。
溶接ロボット30は、鉄骨構造物Wを溶接する。溶接ロボット30は、図1に示すように、アーム先端に溶接ワイヤを供給する溶接トーチ31を備えている。この溶接トーチ31は、図示しない溶接電源に接続されており、当該溶接トーチ31を介して、溶接ワイヤに電力が供給されるように構成されている。溶接ロボット30は、スライダ機構22を介して台車20に載置されており、前記したように、回転ポジショナ10の移動方向と直交する方向(鉄骨構造物Wの幅方向)に移動可能に設けられている。また、溶接ロボット30は、一対の回転ポジショナ10の間もしくはその外側に配置されており、当該一対の回転ポジショナ10の間の溶接継手を溶接する。
ワイヤ供給容器40は、溶接トーチ31に供給される溶接ワイヤが収容される。ワイヤ供給容器40は、図1に示すように、円筒状に形成されており、内部に溶接ワイヤがコイル状に巻かれながら収容されている。ワイヤ供給容器40内の溶接ワイヤは、図示しないワイヤ送給装置によって溶接時には巻き解かれ、容器上部のテーパ状にすぼまったワイヤ引き出し治具を通り、図示しないコンジットチューブを介して溶接トーチ31に供給される。
ノズル交換装置50は、溶接トーチ31先端に設けられたシールドガス供給用のノズルを交換する。例えば、溶接装置1を用いて開先の深い溶接継手を溶接する場合、その初層または2層目の溶接ではノズルと開先との干渉を防ぐために短いノズルを用い、それ以降の層の溶接ではシールド性を確保するために長いノズルを用いることがある。このような場合に、ノズル交換装置50を用いることで、溶接の途中であってもノズルを交換することができるため、当該交換作業を自動化することができる。
ノズル清掃装置60は、溶接トーチ31先端のノズル311を清掃する。ノズル清掃装置60の上部には、図1に示すように、溶接トーチ31のノズル311が挿入される貫通孔(図示省略)が形成されている。そして、ノズル清掃装置60は、当該貫通孔にノズル311が挿入された後、当該ノズル311に対してショット玉を吹きつけることで、ノズル311先端に付着しリング状になったスパッタを除去する。溶接装置1は、このようなノズル清掃装置60を備えることで、ノズル311に付着するスパッタの増加に伴うシールド性の低下を防止することができる。
スラグ除去装置70は、鉄骨構造物Wを溶接ロボット30によって溶接する際に、溶接部に発生したスラグを除去する。スラグ除去装置70は、溶接ロボット30先端の溶接トーチ31と取り替えて用いるタイプと、溶接トーチ31に追加装着して用いるタイプとがあるが、以下では溶接トーチ31と取り替えて用いるタイプについて説明する。
ワイヤ切断装置80は、溶接ワイヤを切断する。溶接ロボット30は、後記するように、溶接位置や鉄骨構造物Wの位置の検出のため溶接ワイヤによるセンシング(3方向、ギャップセンシング等)を行うが、溶接ワイヤ先端にスラグが付着しているとセンシング時の通電性が悪くなり正確な位置検出ができない場合がある。そのため、溶接装置1は、ワイヤ切断装置80によって溶接ワイヤの先端を切断してスラグを除去することでセンシング精度を上げる。
予熱装置200は、鉄骨構造物Wの溶接部を、溶接に先立って設定予熱温度に予熱する。予熱装置200は、予熱トーチ機構201を備える。予熱装置200は、図7に示すように、溶接ロボット30のアーム部先端32の溶接トーチ31と取り替えて用いるタイプと、専用の台車に予熱装置200を設けて用いるタイプ(図13参照)と、予熱トーチ機構201を取り付けるための専用の溶接ロボットを別途設けるタイプ(図示せず)があるが、以下では溶接トーチ31と取り替えて用いるタイプについて説明する。
溶接制御装置90は、回転ポジショナ10、台車20、溶接ロボット30、ノズル交換装置50、ノズル清掃装置60、スラグ除去装置70、ワイヤ切断装置80、および予熱装置200の動作を制御する。溶接制御装置90は、ここでは図8に示すように、入力手段91と、センシング手段92と、ルートギャップ算出手段93と、演算手段94と、記憶手段95と、を備えている。なお、以下では、溶接制御装置90が備える手段のうち、主に溶接ロボット30および予熱装置200の動作を制御するための手段について説明し、その他の装置(回転ポジショナ10、台車20、ノズル交換装置50、ノズル清掃装置60、スラグ除去装置70およびワイヤ切断装置80)の動作を制御するための手段については説明を省略する。
以下、第1実施形態に係る溶接装置1が備える溶接制御装置90の処理手順について、図11を参照(適宜図8~図10も参照)しながら説明する。まず、溶接制御装置90は、入力手段91に対して、作業者による入力あるいは鉄骨構造物WのCADデータの入力によって、鉄骨構造物Wの寸法と溶接継手の形状のいずれか、あるいはその両方と、溶接実行可否の情報とが入力される(ステップS1)。
変形例の予熱装置200Bは、専用の台車20A上に独立して設けられている。図13に示すように、専用の台車20Aは、下部に設けられた車輪21Aによって、台車用移動レールR2に沿って移動可能に構成されている。すなわち、台車20Aは、図1に示すように、鉄骨構造物Wの長手方向に移動可能に設けられている。
なお、その他の予熱装置の変形例としては、溶接用の溶接ロボットの他に、別途予熱専用の溶接ロボットを設け、溶接ロボットの先端に予熱トーチを設けてもよい。
以下、本発明の第2実施形態に係る溶接装置1Aについて、図14を参照しながら説明する。溶接装置1Aは、図1および図14に示すように、溶接制御装置90の代わりに溶接制御装置90Aを備える以外は、第1実施形態に係る溶接装置1と同様の構成を備えている。従って、以下では、溶接装置1との相違点を中心に説明を行い、当該溶接装置1と重複する構成および溶接装置1Aの処理手順については詳細説明を省略する。
以下、本発明の第3実施形態に係る溶接装置1Bについて、図15~図17Fを参照しながら説明する。溶接装置1Bは、図1および図15に示すように、溶接制御装置90の代わりに溶接制御装置90Bを備える以外は、第1実施形態に係る溶接装置1と同様の構成を備えている。従って、以下では、溶接装置1との相違点を中心に説明を行い、当該溶接装置1と重複する構成および溶接装置1Bの処理手順については詳細説明を省略する。
以下、本発明の第4実施形態に係る溶接装置について、図18を参照しながら説明する。第4実施形態に係る溶接装置1Cは、溶接ロボット30を2台備えることを特徴としている。すなわち、第4実施形態に係る溶接装置1Cは、図1に示す溶接装置1の構成に加えて、台車20と、溶接ロボット30と、ワイヤ供給容器40と、ノズル交換装置50と、ノズル清掃装置60と、スラグ除去装置70と、ワイヤ切断装置80と、予熱装置200とをそれぞれもう一組備えている。また、第4実施形態に係る溶接装置1Cは、1台の溶接制御装置90Cによって、各装置を制御できるように構成されている。ここで、第4実施形態に係る溶接装置1Cにおける溶接制御装置以外の構成は既に説明済みであるため、説明を省略する。
P 作業者
P1 検出開始位置
W,W1,W2,W3,W4 鉄骨構造物(溶接用ワーク)
W1a,W2a 開先面
r 距離(ルートギャップ)
1,1A,1B,1C 溶接装置
10 回転ポジショナ
11 環状保持部
20,20A 台車
30 溶接ロボット
31 溶接トーチ
32 アーム部先端(溶接ロボットの先端)
40 ワイヤ供給容器
50 ノズル交換装置
60 ノズル清掃装置
70 スラグ除去装置
80 ワイヤ切断装置
90,90A,90B,90C 溶接制御装置
91,91A 入力手段
92 センシング手段
93 ルートギャップ算出手段
96 中心位置算出手段
97 偏心量算出手段
98 修正手段
111 固定治具
132 駆動部
200,200B 予熱装置
202 予熱トーチ
203 温度センサ
311 ノズル
521 コイルバネ
524 回転駆動源
Claims (16)
- 溶接ロボットを用いて、溶接ワークを溶接する溶接装置であって、
前記溶接ロボットの動作を制御する溶接制御装置と、
前記溶接ワークを予熱する予熱装置と、
を備え、
前記溶接制御装置は、
少なくとも、前記溶接ワークの寸法および溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、予熱情報が、入力される入力手段と、
少なくとも溶接ロボット動作軌跡教示データ、溶接条件データ、および予熱条件データを有する記憶手段と、
を備え、
前記溶接ワークの寸法および前記溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、前記予熱情報とに応じて、前記記憶手段に予め用意された前記溶接ロボット動作軌跡教示データ、溶接条件データ、および予熱条件データに従って、溶接しようとする前記溶接継手に対する予熱条件、溶接ロボット動作軌跡および溶接条件を自動的に生成し、予熱および溶接することを特徴とする溶接装置。 - 溶接ロボットを用いて、溶接ワークを溶接する溶接装置であって、
前記溶接ロボットの動作を制御する溶接制御装置と、
前記溶接ワークを予熱する予熱装置と、
を備え、
前記溶接制御装置は、
少なくとも、前記溶接ワークの寸法および前記溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、予熱情報が、入力される入力手段と、
少なくとも溶接条件データおよび予熱条件データを有する記憶手段と、
を備え、
前記溶接ワークの寸法および前記溶接継手の形状のいずれかもしくは両方と、前記予熱情報とに応じて、前記記憶手段に予め用意された溶接条件データおよび予熱条件データに従って、溶接しようとする溶接継手に対する予熱条件、溶接ロボット動作軌跡および溶接条件を自動的に生成し、予熱および溶接することを特徴とする溶接装置。 - 前記予熱装置は、予熱トーチを備え、
前記予熱トーチは、前記溶接ワークの長手方向に移動可能である台車上に設けられる場合、前記溶接ロボットの先端に専用に設ける場合、および前記溶接ロボットの先端に設けられた溶接トーチと前記予熱トーチを持ちかえる場合の少なくともいずれか1つを満たすことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記予熱条件には、予熱温度を含み、
前記予熱温度は、温度センサによって測定され、作業者の入力によって予め定められた設定予熱温度となるように前記予熱装置によって制御されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記溶接ワークの長手方向に移動可能に設けられ、当該溶接ワークを保持して回転させる一対の回転ポジショナと、前記一対の回転ポジショナの移動方向と平行な方向に移動可能に設けられた台車と、前記台車上において、前記回転ポジショナの移動方向と直交する方向に移動可能に設けられた前記溶接ロボットと、前記溶接ロボットの先端に設けられた溶接トーチと、を備え、
前記一対の回転ポジショナは、
前記溶接ワークが内部に収容され、複数の固定治具によって当該溶接ワークを保持する一対の環状保持部と、
前記一対の環状保持部の一方または双方を回転させる駆動部と、を備え、
前記環状保持部は、前記溶接ワークを収容できるように環状部分の所定位置が分断されて当該環状部分の一部が開口して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記溶接ワークの長手方向に移動可能に設けられ、当該溶接ワークを保持して回転させる一対の回転ポジショナと、前記一対の回転ポジショナの移動方向と平行な方向に移動可能に設けられた複数の台車と、前記複数の台車上において、前記回転ポジショナの移動方向と直交する方向に移動可能にそれぞれ設けられた前記溶接ロボットと、前記溶接ロボットの先端に設けられた溶接トーチと、を備え、
前記一対の回転ポジショナは、
前記溶接ワークが内部に収容され、複数の固定治具によって当該溶接ワークを保持する一対の環状保持部と、
前記一対の環状保持部の一方または双方を回転させる駆動部と、を備え、
前記環状保持部は、前記溶接ワークを収容できるように環状部分の所定位置が分断されて当該環状部分の一部が開口して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記溶接制御装置は、
所定突き出し長さに設定された溶接ワイヤを支持する溶接トーチと前記溶接ワークとの間にセンシング電圧を印加し、前記溶接ワイヤと前記溶接ワークとの接触による通電状態を検出して前記溶接ワークの位置を検出するセンシング手段と、
前記センシング手段によって検出された、少なくとも一つの前記溶接ワーク表面からの設定開先深さに対する所定深さの検出開始位置から開先幅方向の両開先面の検出位置データと、前記設定開先深さと前記検出開始位置との差と、予め設定されている前記両開先面の角度とに従ってルートギャップを求めるルートギャップ算出手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記溶接制御装置は、前記溶接ワークの寸法、もしくは、前記溶接ワークの寸法およびルートギャップに対して予め用意された積層パターン、予熱条件、入熱条件および溶接条件と、入力もしくはセンシングにより得られたルートギャップとから、溶接しようとする前記溶接継手に対する積層パターン、予熱条件、入熱条件、パス間温度条件および溶接条件を自動生成することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の溶接装置。
- 前記溶接制御装置は、前記溶接ワークの寸法、もしくは、前記溶接ワークの寸法およびルートギャップに対して予め用意された積層パターンおよび溶接条件と、入力もしくはセンシングにより得られたルートギャップとから、溶接しようとする前記溶接継手に対する積層パターンおよび溶接条件を自動生成するとともに、同一の溶接ワークに存在する断面積と溶接長のいずれかもしくは両方が異なることで、溶接すべき体積の異なる複数の前記溶接継手を複数の前記溶接ロボットによって同時に溶接する場合に、基点から次の基点までの溶接時間を同じにするために、溶接ワイヤの送り量を変えるように制御することで、溶接すべき体積の違いを補うことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の溶接装置。
- 前記溶接制御装置は、各パスで溶接可能な適正溶接電流範囲を設け、その範囲内での溶接を行い、その結果生じる肉量の違いをそれ以降のパスで補うように制御することで、トータルの肉量を所望の値内にすることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の溶接装置。
- 前記溶接制御装置は、各パスで溶接可能な適正溶接電流範囲内での溶接が行えない場合において、少なくとも1つのパスを前記溶接継手ごとに個別に溶接するように制御することで、全体の肉量誤差を補うことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の溶接装置。
- 前記溶接制御装置は、各パスで溶接可能な適正溶接電流範囲内での溶接が行えない場合において、ワイヤ送給量の差を大きくするとともに、溶接電流が適正範囲外となることに対して当該溶接電流が所望の値となるように前記溶接ワイヤの突き出し長さを変えるように制御することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の溶接装置。
- 溶接トーチ先端に設けられたノズルを交換するノズル交換装置を備え、
前記ノズル交換装置は、
前記ノズルが挿入されるコイルバネと、
前記ノズルが挿入された前記コイルバネをその中心軸回りに回転駆動させることで、前記ノズルを前記溶接トーチのトーチ本体から取り外す回転駆動源と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記溶接ロボットの先端に設置され、前記溶接ワークの溶接部に発生したスラグを除去するスラグ除去装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の溶接装置。
- 前記溶接制御装置は、
所定突き出し長さに設定された溶接ワイヤを支持する前記溶接トーチと前記溶接ワークとの間にセンシング電圧を印加し、前記溶接ワイヤと前記溶接ワークとの接触による通電状態を検出して前記溶接ワークの位置を検出するセンシング手段と、
予め入力された前記溶接ワークの寸法と、前記センシング手段によって検出された前記溶接ワークの位置とから、前記溶接ワークの中心位置を算出する中心位置算出手段と、
予め入力された前記回転ポジショナの回転中心位置と、前記溶接ワークの中心位置とから、前記回転ポジショナの回転中心に対する前記溶接ワークの偏心量を算出する偏心量算出手段と、
前記偏心量算出手段によって算出された前記偏心量に従って、前記溶接ロボット動作軌跡を修正する修正手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の溶接装置。 - 前記溶接制御装置は、前記予熱条件として、複数の前記溶接継手を溶接する場合の予熱タイミングを編集可能であり、
前記溶接継手ごとに予熱と溶接を交互に行う手法と、前記複数の溶接継手全てに対して予熱を行った後に前記複数の溶接継手全てを溶接する手法と、を選択可能であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の溶接装置。
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