WO2017221372A1 - スピネル粒子およびその製造方法、並びに前記スピネル粒子を含む組成物および成形物 - Google Patents
スピネル粒子およびその製造方法、並びに前記スピネル粒子を含む組成物および成形物 Download PDFInfo
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- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
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- C30B29/26—Complex oxides with formula BMe2O4, wherein B is Mg, Ni, Co, Al, Zn, or Cd and Me is Fe, Ga, Sc, Cr, Co, or Al
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- C30B9/00—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents
- C30B9/04—Single-crystal growth from melt solutions using molten solvents by cooling of the solution
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to spinel particles, a method for producing the same, and a composition and a molded product containing the spinel particles.
- a method for improving the heat dissipation function of a device for example, a method of imparting thermal conductivity to an insulating member, more specifically, a method of adding an inorganic filler to a resin serving as an insulating member is known.
- the inorganic filler used include alumina (aluminum oxide), boron nitride, aluminum nitride, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and the like.
- spinel is generally a mineral represented by the chemical composition of MgAl 2 O 4 and is used as jewelry, and from the viewpoint of its porous structure and ease of modification, a fluorescent light emitter, catalyst carrier, adsorbent It is applied to applications such as photocatalysts and heat-resistant insulating materials.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an AB 2 O 4 spinel type oxide in which the A site element is Mg, the B site element is Al or Ga, Mn is doped, and contains an excessive amount of Mg exceeding the stoichiometric ratio.
- the excess amount of Mg is in the range of 0.1 to 0.7 in terms of the stoichiometric ratio with respect to A in the AB 2 O 4 spinel type oxide
- the excess amount of Mg when the doping amount of Mn is in the range of 0.05 mol% or more and 0.2 mol% or less with respect to the AB 2 O 4 spinel oxide, and the B site element is Ga.
- the stoichiometric ratio with respect to A in the AB 2 O 4 spinel type oxide is in the range of 0.1 to 0.9, and the doping amount of Mn is 0 with respect to the AB 2 O 4 spinel type oxide.
- a ⁇ describes an invention relating to an oxide fluorescent emitters, characterized in that. According to the oxide fluorescent substance of Patent Document 1, it is described that when a spinel oxide doped with Mn has a predetermined configuration, red can be fluorescent.
- the oxide fluorescent substance described in Patent Document 1 can be manufactured by mixing and firing raw materials by a solid phase reaction method or a solution method.
- spinel has been applied to uses such as jewelry, fluorescent light emitters, catalyst carriers, adsorbents, photocatalysts, and heat-resistant insulating materials as described above, but is expected to be used as an inorganic filler having thermal conductivity. Not. The reason for this is that, from the viewpoint of cost, conventionally alumina is often used, and spinel, which has been known to have lower thermal conductivity than alumina, was not expected to be used as a thermally conductive inorganic filler. is there.
- an object of the present invention is to provide spinel particles having excellent thermal conductivity.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems. As a result, it has been found that the above problem can be solved by increasing the crystallite diameter of a predetermined crystal plane of the spinel particles, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention relates to a spinel particle containing a magnesium atom, an aluminum atom, an oxygen atom, and molybdenum, and having a [111] plane crystallite diameter of 220 nm or more.
- spinel particles having excellent thermal conductivity are provided.
- FIG. 3 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum synthesized in Synthesis Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an SEM image of ⁇ -aluminum oxide particles containing molybdenum synthesized in Synthesis Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a SEM image of ⁇ -aluminum oxide particles containing molybdenum synthesized in Synthesis Example 2.
- FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of spinel particles produced in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an SEM image of spinel particles produced in Example 1.
- 4 is a SEM image of spinel particles produced in Example 2.
- the spinel particles include magnesium atoms, aluminum atoms, oxygen atoms, and molybdenum.
- the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane of the spinel particles is 220 nm or more.
- the “spinel particles” include a magnesium atom, an aluminum atom, and an oxygen atom, and thus are usually represented by a chemical composition of MgAl 2 O 4 .
- the spinel particles include molybdenum.
- the form in which molybdenum is contained is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a form in which molybdenum is adhered, coated, bonded, and the like in a similar form, a form in which molybdenum is incorporated into spinel, and a combination thereof.
- a form in which molybdenum is incorporated into the spinel includes a form in which at least a part of atoms constituting the spinel particle is substituted with molybdenum, a space that can exist inside the crystal of the spinel particle (a space generated by defects in the crystal structure). Etc.) in which molybdenum is disposed.
- it does not restrict
- molybdenum is preferably contained in a form incorporated into at least spinel.
- molybdenum when molybdenum is incorporated in the spinel, for example, it tends to be difficult to remove by washing.
- the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane of the spinel particles is 220 nm or more, preferably 250 nm, more preferably 260 nm or more, still more preferably 350 nm or more, and particularly preferably 400 nm or more.
- the [111] plane is one of the main crystal domains of the spinel particle, and the size of the crystal domain of the [111] plane corresponds to the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane.
- the larger the crystallite size the higher the density and crystallinity of the particles, and there is no turbulent portion where phonon scattering occurs. Therefore, it can be said that the thermal conductivity is high.
- crystallite diameter of the [111] plane of the spinel particles can be controlled by appropriately setting the conditions of the manufacturing method described later.
- the value measured by the method described in the examples is adopted as the value of “crystallite diameter of [111] plane”.
- the crystallite diameter of the [311] plane of the spinel particles is preferably 100 nm or more, more preferably 150 nm or more, further preferably 250 nm or more, and 500 nm. It is especially preferable that it is above, and it is most preferable that it is 600 nm or more.
- the [311] plane is also one of the main crystal domains of the spinel particles, and the size of the crystal domain of the [311] plane corresponds to the crystallite diameter of the [311] plane. The larger the crystallite size, the higher the density and crystallinity of the particles, and there is no turbulent portion where phonon scattering occurs. Therefore, it can be said that the thermal conductivity is high.
- crystallite diameter of the [311] plane of the spinel particles can be controlled by appropriately setting the conditions of the manufacturing method described later.
- the value measured by the method described in the examples is adopted as the value of “crystallite diameter of [311] plane”.
- the ratio of the crystal peak intensity of the [111] plane to the crystal peak intensity of the [311] plane of the spinel particles is preferably 0.30 or more, and preferably 0.33 or more. Is more preferably 0.36 or more.
- each crystal face of the spinel crystal tends to grow without selectivity.
- the ratio of the crystal peak intensity of the [111] plane to the crystal peak intensity of the [311] plane can be small (usually less than 0.30).
- the ratio of peak intensity of [111] plane / [311] plane of spinel particles can be increased by controlling crystal growth.
- the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane of the spinel particle according to this embodiment is 220 nm or more and the ratio of the peak intensity of the [111] plane / [311] plane of the spinel particle is 0.30 or more, higher heat Conductivity can be obtained.
- the [111] plane is a self-shaped surface and contributes to the formation of an octahedron surrounded by the self-shaped surface, the ratio of the peak intensity of the [111] plane / [311] plane of the spinel particles is 0.
- the spinel particles can easily form a polyhedral shape suitable for dispersion in the resin.
- the value of the peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) can be controlled by appropriately adjusting the manufacturing method described later. Further, in this specification, “the crystal peak intensity of the [311] plane and the crystal peak intensity of the [111] plane of the spinel particles” and “the crystal peak of the [111] plane relative to the crystal peak intensity of the [311] plane of the spinel particles” As the value of the intensity ratio ([111] / [311]), a value measured by the method described in the examples is adopted.
- the average particle diameter of the spinel particles is preferably 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 100 ⁇ m, further preferably 0.3 to 80 ⁇ m, and 0.4 to 60 ⁇ m. It is particularly preferred. It is preferable that the average particle size of the spinel particles is 0.1 ⁇ m or more because the viscosity of the composition obtained by mixing with the resin does not increase excessively. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the spinel particles is 1000 ⁇ m or less, when molding a composition obtained by mixing with a resin, the surface of the resulting molded product can be smooth, and the mechanical properties of the molded product are excellent. From the viewpoint of In the present specification, “particle size” means the maximum length of the distance between two points on the particle outline, and the value of “average particle size” is determined by the method described in the examples. Means a measured or calculated value.
- Examples of the shape of the spinel particles include a polyhedron shape, a spherical shape, an elliptical shape, a cylindrical shape, a polygonal column shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, a plate shape, a disc shape, a flake shape, and a scale shape.
- a polyhedron shape, spherical shape, elliptical shape, and plate shape since it is easy to disperse
- the “polyhedron” usually means a hexahedron or more, preferably an octahedron or more, more preferably a 10-30 facet.
- the specific surface area of the spinel particles is preferably 10 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 0.001 to 8 m 2 / g, and still more preferably 0.01 to 5 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area of the spinel particles is preferably 10 m 2 / g or less because the particle surface has high smoothness and can be suitably dispersed in a resin or the like.
- “specific surface area” means a BET specific surface area, and the value measured by the method described in Examples is adopted.
- the spinel particles contain a magnesium atom, an aluminum atom, and an oxygen atom, and are generally represented by a composition of MgAl 2 O 4 .
- the spinel particles include molybdenum.
- unavoidable impurities and other atoms may be included.
- the content of magnesium atoms in the spinel particles is not particularly limited.
- x is in the range of (y-1.2) to (y-0.8). The range is preferable, and the range (y-1.1) to (y-0.9) is more preferable.
- the specific example of y is 2, the specific example of x is preferably 0.8 to 1.2, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.1.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
- the content of magnesium atoms in the spinel particles is not particularly limited, but when the structural formula of the spinel particles is represented by Mg x Al y O z , y is in the range of (x + 0.8) to (x + 1.2). Is preferable, and the range of (x + 0.9) to (x + 1.1) is more preferable. In one embodiment, when the specific example of x is 1, the specific example of y is preferably 1.8 to 2.2, and more preferably 1.9 to 2.1. . In the present specification, the value measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is adopted as the content of aluminum atoms in the spinel particles.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy
- the oxygen atom content in the spinel particles is not particularly limited, but z is in the range of (x + y + 1.2) to (x + y + 0.8) when the structural formula of the spinel particles is expressed as Mg x Al y O z. Is preferable, and a range of (x + y + 1.1) to (x + y + 0.9) is more preferable.
- the specific example of x and y are 1 and 2, respectively, the specific example of z is preferably 3.8 to 4.2, and 3.9 to 4.1. More preferably.
- molybdenum Molybdenum can be contained due to the manufacturing method described later.
- the molybdenum can be contained in the spinel particles by adhering to the surface of the spinel particles, coating, bonding, or the like arranged in a similar form, molybdenum being incorporated into the spinel, or a combination thereof.
- the molybdenum includes molybdenum atoms and molybdenum in a molybdenum compound described later.
- the molybdenum content is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of high thermal conductivity of the spinel particles, it is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, in terms of molybdenum oxide, with respect to the spinel particles. Preferably, it is more preferably 1% by mass or less from the viewpoint of high density of the spinel particles.
- the value measured by the method as described in an Example shall be employ
- Inevitable impurities are present in the raw material or are inevitably mixed into the spinel particles in the manufacturing process, and are essentially unnecessary, but they are trace amounts of impurities that do not affect the properties of the spinel particles. means.
- Inevitable impurities include, but are not limited to, silicon, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium and the like. These inevitable impurities may be contained alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of inevitable impurities in the spinel particles is preferably 10000 ppm or less, more preferably 1000 ppm or less, and further preferably 500 to 10 ppm with respect to the mass of the spinel particles.
- the other atom means an element that is intentionally added to the spinel particles for the purpose of coloring, light emission, formation control of the spinel particles, and the like as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- atoms include, but are not limited to, zinc, cobalt, nickel, iron, manganese, titanium, zirconium, calcium, strontium, yttrium and the like. These other atoms may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of other atoms in the spinel is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and still more preferably 2% by mass or less with respect to the mass of the spinel particles. .
- a spinel particle manufacturing method includes a firing step in which a magnesium compound and an aluminum compound are crystallized on the spinel particles by solid solution and crystallization in the presence of molybdenum, and a cooling step in which the spinel particles that have grown in the firing step are cooled. And including.
- the firing step is a step of growing a magnesium compound and an aluminum compound on the spinel particles by solid solution and crystallization in the presence of molybdenum.
- the solid solution and crystallization are usually performed by a so-called solid phase method.
- the mechanism of solid solution and crystallization in the solid phase method is estimated as follows. That is, when heating is performed in an environment where the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound are in contact with each other, the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound form nuclei at the interface (solid phase interface), thereby strengthening the bond between the solid phases.
- a solid phase reaction can proceed using the formed nucleus as a carrier.
- the solid phase reaction is such that the binary phase diagram of the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound takes the eutectic type, and the temperature at which the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound can react at the interface is the magnesium compound or the aluminum compound alone. A lower temperature than the melting temperature can be utilized.
- the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound react at the interface to form a nucleus, and the magnesium atom and / or the aluminum atom diffuses through the nucleus to react with the aluminum compound and / or the magnesium compound. .
- a dense crystal body that is, spinel particles can be obtained.
- spinel particles reflecting the shape of the aluminum compound are obtained. Tend. For this reason, it may be possible to control the shape and average particle size of the spinel particles by appropriately changing the shape and average particle size of the aluminum compound.
- the above-mentioned solid-phase reaction is performed in the presence of molybdenum.
- molybdenum the action of molybdenum is not necessarily clear, it is considered that the solid-phase reaction proceeds more suitably by, for example, promoting nucleation at the interface and promoting solid-phase diffusion of magnesium atoms and / or aluminum atoms.
- the crystal structure of the spinel crystal can be controlled by using molybdenum. Can do. Thereby, the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane is increased, and spinel particles having excellent thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- the crystallite diameter of the [311] plane increases, the ratio of the peak intensity of the [111] plane to the crystal peak intensity of the [311] plane ([111] / [311]) increases, etc.
- the effect of can also be obtained. Since the solid phase reaction is performed in the presence of molybdenum, the spinel particles obtained can contain molybdenum.
- spinel particles having high thermal conductivity and an average particle size of 1000 ⁇ m or less, particularly 100 ⁇ m or less have been difficult to obtain spinel particles having high thermal conductivity and an average particle size of 1000 ⁇ m or less, particularly 100 ⁇ m or less. For this reason, in the conventional manufacturing method, it was necessary to first synthesize large spinel particles and to pulverize them into powder. On the other hand, according to the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, spinel particles having an average particle diameter of 1000 ⁇ m or less, particularly 100 ⁇ m or less can be manufactured while having high thermal conductivity.
- the [111] plane crystallite diameter of the spinel particles, the [311] plane crystallite diameter, and the ratio of the [111] plane peak intensity to the [311] plane crystal peak intensity ([111] / [311]) Crystal control such as these can be performed by changing the amount of molybdenum used, the type of magnesium compound, the firing temperature, the firing time, and the mixed state of the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound. This is because the amount of molybdenum, the type of magnesium compound, the firing temperature, and the firing time, the mixed state of the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound is related to the solid solution and the rate of crystallization in the magnesium compound and aluminum compound in the solid phase reaction. It is thought that it is to do.
- Use of a highly reactive magnesium compound increases the rate of solid solution and crystallization of the magnesium compound.
- Increase in the amount of molybdenum used, high-temperature firing, and long-time firing increase the rate of solid solution and crystallization of the magnesium compound and / or aluminum compound.
- the crystallite diameters of the [111] plane and the [311] plane can be increased.
- the magnesium compound is not particularly limited, but magnesium metal; magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium peroxide, magnesium fluoride, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, magnesium hydride, magnesium diboride, magnesium nitride
- Magnesium derivatives such as magnesium sulfide; magnesium oxoacid salts such as magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate magnesium, magnesium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfite, magnesium perchlorate, trimagnesium phosphate, magnesium permanganate, magnesium phosphate;
- magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium acetate, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate are preferable, and magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium nitrate, and magnesium acetate are more preferable. It is more preferable to use magnesium hydroxide, magnesium nitrate, or magnesium acetate because the crystallite size of the obtained spinel particles can be large.
- magnesium compound may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the magnesium compound may be a commercially available product or may be prepared by itself.
- magnesium hydroxide having a small particle size can be obtained by neutralizing an acidic aqueous solution of magnesium ions with a base. Since the obtained magnesium hydroxide with a small particle size has high reactivity, the crystallite size of the spinel obtained using this tends to be large.
- the molar ratio (aluminum element / magnesium element) of the aluminum compound described later to the magnesium element of the magnesium compound is preferably in the range of 2.2 to 1.9, and preferably in the range of 2.1 to 1.8. More preferably. When the molar ratio is in the range of 2.2 to 1.9, spinel particles having a high thermal conductivity and a large crystallite size on the [111] plane can be obtained.
- the aluminum compound is not particularly limited, but aluminum metal, aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, basic aluminum acetate, aluminum hydroxide, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, aluminum oxide (aluminum oxide hydrate, ⁇ -aluminum oxide, ⁇ -oxidation) And aluminum, ⁇ -aluminum oxide, ⁇ -aluminum oxide, ⁇ -aluminum oxide, mixed aluminum oxide having two or more crystal phases).
- the above aluminum compound is preferably aluminum oxide, and is preferably aluminum oxide having at least one crystal form selected from the group consisting of ⁇ crystal, ⁇ crystal, ⁇ crystal, ⁇ crystal, and ⁇ crystal. More preferably, the aluminum oxide has ⁇ crystals.
- the above-described aluminum compound preferably contains molybdenum.
- the molybdenum-containing form of the aluminum compound containing molybdenum is not particularly limited, but like the spinel particles, the molybdenum is attached to the surface of the aluminum compound, covered, bonded, or the like, or the like.
- a form in which molybdenum is incorporated into the aluminum compound includes a form in which at least a part of atoms constituting the aluminum compound is substituted by molybdenum, a space that can exist inside the crystal of the aluminum compound (caused by defects in the crystal structure) And a form in which molybdenum is disposed in a space).
- it does not restrict
- an aluminum compound containing molybdenum is preferable is not necessarily clear, but is presumably due to the following mechanism.
- molybdenum contained in the aluminum compound functions such as promoting nucleation at the solid phase interface and promoting solid phase diffusion of aluminum and magnesium atoms, and the solid phase reaction between the aluminum compound and the magnesium compound proceeds more favorably. It is thought to do. That is, as will be described later, an aluminum compound containing molybdenum can have a function as an aluminum compound and molybdenum.
- molybdenum is disposed directly or in the vicinity of the reaction point, and the effect of molybdenum can be exhibited more effectively.
- the said mechanism is an estimation thing to the last, and even if it is a case where a desired effect is acquired by the mechanism different from the said mechanism, it is contained in a technical range.
- the aluminum compound a commercially available product may be used, or an aluminum compound prepared by itself may be used.
- an aluminum compound containing molybdenum can be prepared by a flux method described in detail below. That is, in a preferred embodiment, the method for producing spinel particles further includes a step of preparing an aluminum compound by a flux method.
- the flux method is classified as a liquid phase method, particularly a solution method. More specifically, the flux method is a crystal growth method utilizing the fact that the crystal-flux binary phase diagram shows a eutectic type.
- the mechanism of the flux method is estimated as follows. That is, when a mixture of solute and flux is heated, the solute and flux become a liquid phase. At this time, since the flux is a flux, in other words, since the solute-flux binary component phase diagram shows a eutectic type, the solute melts at a temperature lower than its melting point to form a liquid phase. It becomes. In this state, if the flux is evaporated, the concentration of the flux decreases.
- the melting point lowering effect of the solute by the flux is reduced, and the evaporation of the flux serves as a driving force to cause solute crystal growth (flux Evaporation method).
- the solute and flux can cause crystal growth of the solute by cooling the liquid phase (slow cooling method).
- the flux method has advantages such that crystal growth can be performed at a temperature much lower than the melting point, the crystal structure can be precisely controlled, and a polyhedral crystal having a self-shape can be formed.
- molybdenum contained in the aluminum compound may correspond to a flux impurity that is said to be a disadvantage of the flux method.
- molybdenum contained in the aluminum compound is spinel particles. It is possible to exert a suitable action and effect when manufacturing the.
- the flux method includes a flux evaporation step of firing a mixture containing an aluminum source and a molybdenum compound, and a cooling step of cooling the aluminum compound crystal-grown in the firing step (flux evaporation method).
- Aluminum source is not particularly limited, but aluminum chloride, aluminum sulfate, basic aluminum acetate, aluminum hydroxide, boehmite, pseudo-boehmite, transition alumina ( ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina, etc.), alumina Examples thereof include hydrate, ⁇ -alumina, mixed alumina having two or more crystal phases. Of these, aluminum hydroxide, transition alumina, boehmite, pseudoboehmite, and alumina hydrate are preferable, and aluminum hydroxide, transition alumina, and boehmite are more preferable.
- the above-mentioned aluminum source may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the aluminum source may be a commercially available product or may be prepared by itself.
- alumina hydrate or transition alumina having high structural stability at high temperatures can be prepared by neutralizing an aqueous solution of aluminum. More specifically, the alumina hydrate can be prepared by neutralizing an acidic aqueous solution of aluminum with a base, and the transition alumina is prepared by heat-treating the alumina hydrate obtained above. be able to. In addition, since the alumina hydrate or transition alumina obtained thereby has high structural stability at high temperatures, an aluminum compound containing molybdenum having a large average particle size tends to be obtained when fired in the presence of molybdenum.
- the shape of the aluminum source is not particularly limited, and any of a spherical structure, an amorphous structure, an aspect structure (wire, fiber, ribbon, tube, etc.), a sheet, and the like can be suitably used.
- the average particle size of the aluminum source is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 nm to 10000 ⁇ m.
- the aluminum source may form a complex with the organic compound.
- the complex include an organic-inorganic complex obtained by modifying an aluminum compound with organosilane, an aluminum compound complex adsorbed with a polymer, and a complex coated with an organic compound.
- the content of the organic compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or less.
- the molybdenum compound molybdenum compound is not particularly limited, metallic molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, molybdenum sulfide, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, calcium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, H 3 PMo 12 O 40, H 3 SiMo 12 O 40 Etc.
- the molybdenum compound includes an isomer.
- molybdenum oxide may be molybdenum dioxide (IV) (MoO 2 ) or molybdenum trioxide (VI) (MoO 3 ). Of these, molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum dioxide, and ammonium molybdate are preferable, and molybdenum trioxide is more preferable.
- molybdenum compound may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the molar ratio of the molybdenum element of the molybdenum compound to the aluminum element of the aluminum compound is preferably 0.01 to 3.0, and more preferably 0.03 to 1.0. It is preferable that the molar ratio is 0.01 or more because crystal growth of an aluminum compound containing molybdenum can suitably proceed. On the other hand, it is preferable that the molar ratio is 3.0 or less because an aluminum compound containing molybdenum can be industrially efficiently prepared.
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 700 ° C. to 2000 ° C., more preferably 900 to 1600 ° C., further preferably 950 to 1500 ° C., and particularly preferably 1000 to 1400 ° C. preferable. It is preferable for the firing temperature to be 700 ° C. or higher because the flux reaction suitably proceeds. On the other hand, it is preferable that the firing temperature is 2000 ° C. or lower because the burden on the firing furnace and the fuel cost can be reduced.
- the state of the aluminum source and the molybdenum compound at the time of firing is not particularly limited as long as the molybdenum compound and the aluminum source exist in the same space.
- the flux reaction can proceed even when both are not mixed.
- both are mixed simple mixing of the powder, mechanical mixing using a pulverizer, etc., mixing using a mortar, etc. can be performed.
- the resulting mixture is in a dry state Any of wet states may be used.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 minutes to 30 hours, and more preferably 10 minutes to 15 hours from the viewpoint of efficiently forming an aluminum compound containing molybdenum.
- the firing atmosphere is not particularly limited.
- an oxygen-containing atmosphere such as air or oxygen
- an inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon
- corrosion is performed from the viewpoint of the safety of the practitioner and the durability of the furnace.
- an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a nitrogen atmosphere that do not have properties, and from the viewpoint of cost, an air atmosphere is more preferable.
- the firing apparatus is not particularly limited, and a so-called firing furnace is usually used.
- the firing furnace is preferably made of a material that does not react with the sublimated molybdenum compound, and more preferably a highly fired firing furnace capable of efficiently using the molybdenum compound.
- Cooling is a step of cooling the aluminum compound crystal-grown in the firing step.
- the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 1000 ° C./hour, more preferably 5 to 500 ° C./hour, and further preferably 50 to 100 ° C./hour. It is preferable that the cooling rate is 1 ° C./hour or more because the production time can be shortened. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is 1000 ° C./hour or less, the baking container is less likely to crack by heat shock, which is preferable because it can be used for a long time.
- the cooling method is not particularly limited, and a cooling device may be used even if it is naturally cooled.
- Aluminum compound containing molybdenum The aluminum compound obtained by the flux method is usually colored because it contains molybdenum.
- the colored color varies depending on the amount of molybdenum contained, but is usually light blue to dark blue close to black, and the color tends to become darker in proportion to the molybdenum content.
- it may be colored in other colors. For example, when the compound containing molybdenum contains chromium, it can be red, and when it contains nickel, it can be yellow.
- the content of molybdenum in the aluminum compound containing molybdenum is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass or less, more preferably 0.001 to 8% by mass in terms of molybdenum trioxide. More preferably, the content is 0.01 to 5% by mass. A molybdenum content of 0.001% by mass or more is preferable because spinel crystal growth can proceed more efficiently. On the other hand, the molybdenum content is preferably 10% by mass or less because the crystal quality of the aluminum compound can be improved.
- the value measured by the method as described in an Example shall be employ
- the aluminum compound containing molybdenum preferably has a high ⁇ crystallization rate with a crystal plane other than the [001] plane as the main crystal plane, and the ⁇ crystallization rate is 90% or more. It is more preferable.
- the ratio of the maximum flat area of the aluminum compound containing molybdenum is preferably 1/8 or less, more preferably 1/16 or less of the total surface area.
- the flux method includes a step of firing a mixture containing an aluminum source and a molybdenum compound, and a slow cooling step of cooling the obtained fired product to grow crystals (slow cooling method).
- the average particle diameter of the aluminum compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ m, and further preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the aluminum compound is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, it is preferable because particle aggregation can be prevented in spinel crystallization.
- the average particle diameter of the aluminum compound is 1000 ⁇ m or less, spinel crystallization can proceed efficiently to the center of the particles, which is preferable.
- the specific surface area of the aluminum compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.0001 to 500 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 0.0001 to 250 m 2 / g, and 0.001 to 50 m 2 / g. More preferably. It is preferable that the specific surface area of the aluminum compound is 0.0001 m 2 / g or more because spinel crystallization can efficiently proceed to the center of the particle. On the other hand, when the specific surface area of the aluminum compound is 500 m 2 / g or less, the shape control of the spinel particles is advantageous, which is preferable.
- the shape of the aluminum compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polyhedron shape, a spherical shape, an elliptical shape, a cylindrical shape, a polygonal column shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, a plate shape, a disc shape, a flake shape, and a scale shape.
- the polyhedral shape, spherical shape, elliptical shape, and plate shape are preferable, and the polyhedral shape and spherical shape are more preferable.
- Molybdenum has functions such as promotion of nucleation at the interface and promotion of solid phase diffusion of magnesium atoms and / or aluminum atoms in the solid phase reaction.
- molybdenum in a compound containing molybdenum metal and molybdenum can be used.
- the compound containing molybdenum include the above-described molybdenum compound and the aluminum compound containing molybdenum.
- the aluminum compound containing molybdenum can be used as a compound containing molybdenum and an aluminum compound.
- the aforementioned molybdenum may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the molar ratio of molybdenum element to aluminum element in the aluminum compound is preferably 0.00001 to 0.05, and preferably 0.0001 to 0.03. More preferred. When the molar ratio is in the range of 0.00001 to 0.05, it is preferable because solid solution and spinel crystallization of the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound can proceed appropriately.
- (Baking) Firing is performed in the presence of molybdenum in a mixed state of a magnesium compound and an aluminum compound.
- the mixed state of the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound is not particularly limited.
- simple mixing which mixes powder, mechanical mixing using a grinder, a mixer, etc., mixing using a mortar, etc. are performed.
- the resulting mixture may be in a dry state or a wet state, but is preferably in a dry state from the viewpoint of cost.
- the firing temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 800 to 2000 ° C, and more preferably 1000 to 1600 ° C.
- a firing temperature of 800 ° C. or higher is preferable because spinel particles having a large crystallite size of [111] plane can be obtained in a short time.
- the firing temperature is 2000 ° C. or lower, necking between the formed spinel particles is prevented, and the shape and / or dispersibility of the spinel particles can be easily controlled.
- the firing time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 1000 hours, and more preferably 3 to 100 hours. A firing time of 0.1 hour or longer is preferable because spinel particles having a large crystallite size on the [111] plane can be obtained. On the other hand, when the firing time is within 1000 hours, the production cost can be lowered, which is preferable.
- an additive may be used to promote solid solution and crystallization of the magnesium compound and the aluminum compound.
- the additive include metal compounds and chlorides.
- the amount of the additive is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass.
- the firing atmosphere may be an air atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas or argon gas, an oxygen atmosphere, an ammonia gas atmosphere, or a carbon dioxide atmosphere. .
- an air atmosphere is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
- the pressure during firing is not particularly limited, and may be under normal pressure, under pressure, or under reduced pressure. Molybdenum oxide vapor generated during firing can be efficiently discharged from the firing furnace. It is preferable to carry out under reduced pressure from a viewpoint.
- the heating means is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to use a firing furnace.
- the firing furnace that can be used at this time include a tunnel furnace, a roller hearth furnace, a rotary kiln, and a muffle furnace.
- the firing furnace is preferably made of a material that does not react with molybdenum oxide vapor, and it is more preferable to use a firing furnace with high hermeticity.
- the cooling step is a step of cooling the spinel particles that have grown in the baking step.
- the cooling rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 1000 ° C./hour, more preferably 5 to 500 ° C./hour, and further preferably 50 to 100 ° C./hour. It is preferable that the cooling rate is 1 ° C./hour or more because the production time can be shortened. On the other hand, when the cooling rate is 1000 ° C./hour or less, the baking container is less likely to crack by heat shock, which is preferable because it can be used for a long time.
- the cooling method is not particularly limited, and a cooling device may be used even if it is naturally cooled.
- composition comprising spinel particles and a resin
- the said composition may further contain the hardening
- Spinel particles As the spinel particles, those described above can be used, and the description thereof is omitted here.
- the spinel particles can be surface-treated.
- the spinel particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- spinel particles and other fillers may be used in combination.
- the content of the spinel particles is preferably 10 to 95% by mass and more preferably 30 to 90% by mass with respect to the mass of the composition. It is preferable that the content of the spinel particles is 10% by mass or more because the high thermal conductivity of the spinel particles can be efficiently exhibited. On the other hand, when the content of the spinel particles is 95% by mass or less, a resin composition having excellent moldability can be obtained.
- the resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include thermoplastic resins and thermosetting resins.
- thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and known and commonly used resins used for molding materials and the like can be used. Specifically, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylonitrile resin, polyamide Resin, polycarbonate resin, polyacetal resin, polyethylene terephthalate resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polysulfone resin, polyethersulfone resin, polyetheretherketone resin, polyallylsulfone resin, thermoplastic polyimide resin, thermoplastic urethane resin, polyamino Bismaleimide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyetherimide resin, bismaleimide triazine resin, polymethylpentene resin, fluorinated resin, liquid crystal poly Chromatography, olefin - vinyl alcohol cop
- the thermosetting resin is a resin having characteristics that can be substantially insoluble and infusible when cured by means of heating or radiation or a catalyst, and is generally a molding material or the like. Any known and commonly used resin may be used. Specifically, novolac type phenol resins such as phenol novolac resin and cresol novolac resin; resol type phenol resins such as unmodified resole phenol resin, oil modified resole phenol resin modified with paulownia oil, linseed oil, walnut oil, etc.
- Phenolic resin Bisphenol type epoxy resin such as bisphenol A epoxy resin and bisphenol F epoxy resin; Novolak type epoxy resin such as fatty chain modified bisphenol type epoxy resin, novolac epoxy resin, cresol novolac epoxy resin; Biphenyl type epoxy resin, polyalkylene group Epoxy resins such as coal type epoxy resins; Triazine ring resins such as urea (urea) resins and melamine resins; Vinyl resins such as (meth) acrylic resins and vinyl ester resins: Unsaturated poly Ester resins, bismaleimide resins, polyurethane resins, diallyl phthalate resins, silicone resins, resins having a benzoxazine ring, cyanate ester resins.
- thermoplastic resins may be used, two or more thermosetting resins may be used, one or more thermoplastic resins and one or more thermosetting resins may be used. May be.
- the resin content is preferably 5 to 90% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, based on the mass of the composition.
- the resin content of 5% by mass or more is preferable because excellent moldability can be imparted to the resin composition.
- the resin content of 90% by mass or less is preferable because high thermal conductivity can be obtained as a compound by molding.
- the curing agent is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.
- Specific examples include amine compounds, amide compounds, acid anhydride compounds, phenol compounds, and the like.
- amine compound examples include diaminodiphenylmethane, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, diaminodiphenylsulfone, isophoronediamine, imidazole, BF 3 -amine complex, and guanidine derivative.
- amide compound examples include polyamide resin synthesized from dimer of dicyandiamide and linolenic acid and ethylenediamine.
- acid anhydride compounds examples include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyl nadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, methylhexa And hydrophthalic anhydride.
- phenolic compound examples include phenol novolac resins, cresol novolac resins, aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin-modified phenol resins, dicyclopentadiene phenol addition type resins, phenol aralkyl resins (Zylok resins), and polyvalents represented by resorcin novolac resins.
- the above curing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the curing accelerator has a function of accelerating curing when the composition is cured.
- the curing accelerator is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include phosphorus compounds, tertiary amines, imidazoles, organic acid metal salts, Lewis acids, and amine complex salts.
- the above curing accelerators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the curing catalyst has a function of advancing the curing reaction of the compound having an epoxy group instead of the curing agent.
- the curing catalyst is not particularly limited, and a known and commonly used thermal polymerization initiator or active energy ray polymerization initiator can be used.
- a curing catalyst may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the viscosity modifier has a function of adjusting the viscosity of the composition.
- the viscosity modifier is not particularly limited, and organic polymers, polymer particles, inorganic particles, and the like can be used.
- a viscosity modifier may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the plasticizer has a function of improving processability, flexibility, and weather resistance of the thermoplastic synthetic resin.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and phthalic acid ester, adipic acid ester, phosphoric acid ester, trimellitic acid ester, polyester, polyolefin, and polysiloxane can be used.
- plasticizer may be used independently or may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the composition according to this embodiment is used for a thermally conductive material.
- alumina is often used as a thermally conductive material from the viewpoint of cost, and boron nitride, aluminum nitride, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, and the like are also used.
- spinel particles were known to be inferior in heat conductivity to alumina, there was no idea of using spinel particles in place of alumina.
- the spinel particles according to the present embodiment have excellent heat conduction performance due to the large crystallite diameter of the [111] plane.
- the thermal conductivity of spinel particles is higher than the thermal conductivity of alumina. Therefore, the composition according to this embodiment is suitably used for a heat conductive material.
- the spinel particles obtained by the above production method have a micron order particle size (1000 ⁇ m or less) and a large crystallite size, so that the dispersibility in the resin is excellent, so that the composition is further improved. It can exhibit excellent thermal conductivity.
- the spinel particles obtained by the above production method are self-shaped polyhedral particles synthesized by a solid phase method, and are not obtained by pulverizing amorphous particles. Excellent smoothness and dispersibility in resin. For this reason, it can have very high thermal conductivity as a composition.
- spinel particles can be used for applications such as jewelry, catalyst carriers, adsorbents, photocatalysts, optical materials, heat-resistant insulating materials, substrates, and sensors.
- molding the above-mentioned composition is provided.
- the molded article is preferably used as an insulating heat radiating member. Thereby, the heat dissipation function of the device can be improved, and the device can be reduced in size and weight and contribute to higher performance.
- the molded product can be used for a low dielectric member or the like. Since the spinel particles have a low dielectric constant, it is possible to contribute to the enhancement of the communication function in the high-frequency circuit.
- Aluminum oxide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., activated alumina (average particle size 45 ⁇ m) 40 g, and molybdenum trioxide (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 10 g were mixed in a mortar. And fired for 10 hours at 1100 ° C. in a ceramic electric furnace ARF-100K type firing furnace (ceramic electric furnace, manufactured by Asahi Rika Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) with an AMF-2P type temperature controller. The crucible was taken out, and the contents were washed with 10% ammonia water and ion exchange water, and finally dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain ⁇ -aluminum oxide powder containing blue molybdenum.
- ⁇ Crystal structure> The ⁇ -aluminum oxide powder containing molybdenum was subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD) using CuK ⁇ as a radiation source, and the crystal structure was analyzed.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- Rint-TT II manufactured by Rigaku Corporation
- the 2 ⁇ / ⁇ method was used as the measurement method.
- the scan speed is 2.0 degrees / minute
- the scan range is 5 to 70 degrees
- the step is 0.02 degrees.
- the powder sample showed a sharp scattering peak derived from ⁇ -crystal aluminum oxide, and no crystal system peak other than the ⁇ -crystal structure was observed.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in FIG.
- a surface observation device VE-9800 manufactured by Keyence Corporation was used for observation and measurement.
- ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum had a nearly spherical shape. Further, it was confirmed that the crystal face other than the [001] face is a main crystal face and is an octahedral or more polyhedral particle having a crystal face having a larger area than the [001] face.
- the average particle size was 5 ⁇ m when the particle size of 100 arbitrary particles was measured in the image obtained by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the average value was calculated.
- FIG. 1 An SEM image of ⁇ -aluminum oxide particles containing molybdenum is shown in FIG.
- ⁇ Molybdenum content> For the ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum, the molybdenum content was measured by fluorescent X-ray measurement (XRF).
- XRF fluorescent X-ray measurement
- the measurement was performed using ZSX100e (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation), which is a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
- the FP (function point) method was used as the measurement method.
- EZ scan was used, the measurement range was B to U, the measurement diameter was 10 mm, and the sample weight was 50 mg.
- PP polypropylene
- the molybdenum content of the ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum after washing was 1.0% by mass in terms of molybdenum trioxide.
- the molybdenum content of the ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum before washing with ammonia water was 3.5% by mass.
- the measurement was performed using a Tris 3000 type apparatus (manufactured by Micromeritics). At this time, a nitrogen gas adsorption / desorption method was used as a measurement method.
- the specific surface area of ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum was 0.37 m 2 / g.
- FIG. 1 An SEM image of ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum is shown in FIG.
- Example 1 1.00 g of ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 (aluminum element: 0.02 mol, molybdenum element: 0.07 mmol) and 0.40 g of magnesium oxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 0.01 mol) was dry mixed in a mortar. The obtained mixture was charged into an alumina crucible and heated to 1500 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min in an air atmosphere. After 12 hours, the mixture was cooled to room temperature by natural cooling to produce spinel particles.
- the spinel particles were spinel crystals having a composition of MgAl 2 O 4 , high crystallinity, and belonging to a cubic system.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in FIG.
- the spinel particle was a shape reflecting the shape of ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum used.
- the average particle diameter was 5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 1 A SEM image of the spinel particles is shown in FIG.
- the molybdenum content was measured by fluorescent X-ray measurement (XRF) in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1.
- the molybdenum content of the spinel particles was 0.3% by mass in terms of molybdenum trioxide.
- the specific surface area of the spinel particles was 0.4 m 2 / g.
- measurement was performed using SmartLab (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) which is an X-ray diffractometer and a high-intensity / high-resolution crystal analyzer (CALSA) (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) as a detector.
- the analysis software was analyzed using PDXL.
- the measurement method is a powder X-ray diffraction method, and the analysis is performed using the PDXL CALSA function.
- the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane of the spinel particles was 251 nm, and the crystallite diameter of the [311] plane was 281 nm.
- Example 2 Spinel particles are produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum synthesized in Synthesis Example 2 (aluminum element: 0.02 mol, molybdenum element: 0.07 mmol) is used. did.
- Example 3 Except that the ⁇ -aluminum oxide containing molybdenum before washing with aqueous ammonia synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 (molybdenum oxide equivalent molybdenum content: 3.5 mass%) was used, the same method as in Example 1 was used. Spinel particles were produced.
- Example 4 Spinel particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.58 g of magnesium hydroxide (magnesium element: 0.01 mol) was used instead of magnesium oxide.
- the average particle diameter, specific surface area, crystallite diameter of [111] plane and [311] plane, and crystal peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) were measured by the same method as in Example 1. It was. As a result, the average particle diameter is 18 ⁇ m, the specific surface area is 0.05 m 2 / g, the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane is 216 nm, the crystallite diameter of the [311] plane is 181 nm, The peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) was 0.336.
- the average particle diameter, specific surface area, crystallite diameter of [111] plane and [311] plane, and crystal peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) were measured by the same method as in Example 1. It was. As a result, the average particle diameter was 45 ⁇ m, the specific surface area was 0.05 m 2 / g, the crystallite diameter of the [111] plane was 179 nm, and the crystallite diameter of the [311] plane was mixed with shoulder peaks. Therefore, the analysis was impossible, and the crystal peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) was 0.360.
- the particle diameter, specific surface area, crystallite diameter of [111] plane and [311] plane, and crystal peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) were measured by the same method as in Example 1. .
- the particle size is 45 ⁇ m or less and a wide particle size distribution
- the specific surface area is 1.25 m 2 / g
- the crystallite size of the [111] plane is 159 nm
- the crystallite size of the [311] plane is The crystal peak intensity ratio ([111] / [311]) was 0.286.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一形態によれば、スピネル粒子は、マグネシウム原子、アルミニウム原子、および酸素原子と、モリブデンと、を含む。この際、前記スピネル粒子の[111]面の結晶子径は、220nm以上である。
スピネル粒子中のマグネシウム原子の含有量は、特に制限されないが、スピネル粒子の構造式をMgxAlyOzで表す場合、xは(y-1.2)~(y-0.8)の範囲であることが好ましく、(y-1.1)~(y-0.9)の範囲であることがより好ましい。一実施形態において、前記yの具体例が2とした場合、前記xの具体例としては、0.8~1.2であることが好ましく、0.9~1.1であることがより好ましい。なお、本明細書において、スピネル粒子中のマグネシウム原子の含有量は誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP-AES)により測定された値を採用するものとする。
スピネル粒子中のマグネシウム原子の含有量は、特に制限されないが、スピネル粒子の構造式をMgxAlyOzで表す場合、yは(x+0.8)~(x+1.2)の範囲であることが好ましく、(x+0.9)~(x+1.1)の範囲であることがより好ましい。一実施形態において、前記xの具体例が1とした場合、前記yの具体例としては、1.8~2.2であることが好ましく、1.9~2.1であることがより好ましい。なお、本明細書において、スピネル粒子中のアルミニウム原子の含有量は誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP-AES)により測定された値を採用するものとする。
スピネル粒子中の酸素原子の含有量は、特に制限されないが、スピネル粒子の構造式をMgxAlyOzで表す場合、zは(x+y+1.2)~(x+y+0.8)の範囲であることが好ましく、(x+y+1.1)~(x+y+0.9)の範囲であることがより好ましい。一実施形態において、前記xとyの具体例がそれぞれ1と2とした場合、前記zの具体例としては、3.8~4.2であることが好ましく、3.9~4.1であることがより好ましい。
モリブデンは、後述する製造方法に起因して含有されうる。
不可避不純物は、原料中に存在したり、製造工程において不可避的にスピネル粒子に混入するものであり、本来は不要なものであるが、微量であり、スピネル粒子の特性に影響を及ぼさない不純物を意味する。
他の原子は、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において、着色、発光、スピネル粒子の形成制御等を目的として意図的にスピネル粒子に添加されるものを意味する。
スピネル粒子の製造方法は、マグネシウム化合物およびアルミニウム化合物を、モリブデン存在下で、固溶化および晶出により前記スピネル粒子に結晶成長させる焼成工程と、前記焼成工程で結晶成長したスピネル粒子を冷却する冷却工程と、を含む。
焼成工程は、マグネシウム化合物およびアルミニウム化合物を、モリブデン存在下で、固溶化および晶出により前記スピネル粒子に結晶成長させる工程である。
マグネシウム化合物としては、特に制限されないが、金属マグネシウム;酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、過酸化マグネシウム、フッ化マグネシウム、塩化マグネシウム、臭化マグネシウム、ヨウ化マグネシウム、水素化マグネシウム、二ホウ化マグネシウム、窒化マグネシウム、硫化マグネシウム等のマグネシウム誘導体;炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウムマグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウム、亜硫酸マグネシウム、過塩素酸マグネシウム、リン酸三マグネシウム等、過マンガン酸マグネシウム、リン酸マグネシウム等のマグネシウムオキソ酸塩;酢酸マグネシウム、クエン酸マグネシウム、リンゴ酸マグネシウム、グルタミン酸マグネシウム、安息香酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、アクリル酸マグネシウム、メタクリル酸マグネシウム、グルコン酸マグネシウム、ナフテン酸マグネシウム、サリチル酸マグネシウム、乳酸マグネシウム、モノペルオキシフタル酸マグネシウム等のマグネシウム有機塩;およびこれらの水和物等が挙げられる。これらのうち、酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、硫酸マグネシウムであることが好ましく、酸化マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウムであることがより好ましく、反応性が高く、得られるスピネル粒子の結晶子径が大きくなりうることから、水酸化マグネシウム、硝酸マグネシウム、酢酸マグネシウムであることがさらに好ましい。
アルミニウム化合物としては、特に限定されないが、アルミニウム金属、塩化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、塩基性酢酸アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、酸化アルミニウム(酸化アルミニウム水和物、β-酸化アルミニウム、γ-酸化アルミニウム、δ-酸化アルミニウム、θ-酸化アルミニウム、α-酸化アルミニウム、2種以上の結晶相を有する混合酸化アルミニウム)等が挙げられる。
アルミニウム源としては、特に限定されないが、塩化アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、塩基性酢酸アルミニウム、水酸化アルミニウム、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、遷移アルミナ(γ-アルミナ、δ-アルミナ、θ-アルミナなど)、アルミナ水和物、α-アルミナ、2種以上の結晶相を有する混合アルミナ等が挙げられる。これらのうち、水酸化アルミニウム、遷移アルミナ、ベーマイト、擬ベーマイト、アルミナ水和物であることが好ましく、水酸化アルミニウム、遷移アルミナ、ベーマイトであることがより好ましい。
モリブデン化合物としては、特に制限されないが、金属モリブデン、酸化モリブデン、硫化モリブデン、モリブデン酸ナトリウム、モリブデン酸カリウム、モリブデン酸カルシウム、モリブデン酸アンモニウム、H3PMo12O40、H3SiMo12O40等が挙げられる。この際、前記モリブデン化合物は、異性体を含む。例えば、酸化モリブデンは、二酸化モリブデン(IV)(MoO2)であっても、三酸化モリブデン(VI)(MoO3)であってもよい。これらのうち、三酸化モリブデン、二酸化モリブデン、モリブデン酸アンモニウムであることが好ましく、三酸化モリブデンであることがより好ましい。
アルミニウム源およびモリブデン化合物を含む混合物を焼成することで、中間化合物であるモリブデン酸アルミニウムを経由し、前記モリブデン酸アルミニウムが分解し、モリブデン化合物が蒸発することで、モリブデンを含むアルミニウム化合物が生成する。この際、前記モリブデン化合物の蒸発がモリブデンを含むアルミニウム化合物の結晶成長の駆動力となる。
冷却工程は、焼成工程において結晶成長したアルミニウム化合物を冷却する工程である。
フラックス法により得られるアルミニウム化合物は、モリブデンを含むため、通常、着色されている。着色された色彩は、含有されるモリブデンの量によっても異なるが、通常、薄い青色から黒色に近い濃青色であり、モリブデン含有量に比例して色彩が濃色になる傾向がある。なお、モリブデンを含むアルミニウム化合物の構成によっては、他の色彩に着色されている場合もある。例えば、モリブデンを含む化合物がクロムを含む場合には赤色に、ニッケルを含む場合には黄色になりうる。
モリブデンは、固相反応において、界面における核形成の促進、マグネシウム原子および/またはアルミニウム原子の固相拡散の促進等の機能を有する。
焼成は、モリブデン存在下で、マグネシウム化合物およびアルミニウム化合物を混合させた状態で行われる。この際、マグネシウム化合物およびアルミニウム化合物の混合状態は、特に限定されない。両者を混合する場合には、粉体を混ぜ合わせる簡便な混合、粉砕機やミキサー等を用いた機械的な混合、乳鉢等を用いた混合等が行われる。この際、得られる混合物は、乾式状態、湿式状態のいずれであってもよいが、コストの観点から乾式状態であることが好ましい。
冷却工程は、焼成工程において結晶成長したスピネル粒子を冷却する工程である。
本発明の一形態によれば、スピネル粒子と、樹脂とを含む、組成物が提供される。この際、前記組成物は、必要に応じて、硬化剤、硬化触媒、粘度調節剤、可塑剤等をさらに含んでいてもよい。
スピネル粒子としては、上述したものが用いられうることからここでは説明を省略する。
樹脂としては、特に制限されず、熱可塑性樹脂および熱硬化性樹脂が挙げられる。
硬化剤としては、特に制限されず、公知のものが使用されうる。
硬化促進剤は、組成物を硬化する際に硬化を促進させる機能を有する。
硬化触媒は、前記硬化剤の代わりに、エポキシ基を有する化合物の硬化反応を進行させる機能を有する。
粘度調節剤は、組成物の粘度を調整する機能を有する。
可塑剤は、熱可塑性合成樹脂の加工性、柔軟性、耐候性を向上させる機能を有する。
本発明の一実施形態によれば、本形態に係る組成物は、熱伝導性材料に使用される。
本発明の一形態によれば、上述の組成物を成形してなる成形物が提供される。
フラックス蒸発法により、モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムを合成した。
得られたモリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムについて、以下の評価を行った。
モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムの粉末について、CuKαを線源とするX線回折法(XRD)を行い、結晶構造を解析した。
モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムについて、走査型電子顕微鏡観察(SEM)により粒子形状を観察し、また、平均粒径を測定した。
モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムについて、蛍光X線測定(XRF)によりモリブデン含有量を測定した。
モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムの粉末について、BET比表面積を測定した。
フラックス蒸発法により、モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムを合成した。
合成例1と同様の方法で、平均粒径、モリブデン含有量、および比表面積の測定を行った。その結果、平均粒径は20μmであり、モリブデン含有量は三酸化モリブデン換算で1.3質量%であり、比表面積は0.01m2/gであった。
合成例1で合成したモリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウム1.00g(アルミニウム元素:0.02mol、モリブデン元素:0.07mmol)と、酸化マグネシウム(和光純薬工業社製)0.40g(マグネシウム元素:0.01mol)と、を乳鉢で乾式混合した。得られた混合物をアルミナルツボに仕込み、空気雰囲気下、昇温速度10℃/分で1500℃まで昇温した。12時間後、自然放冷により常温まで冷却し、スピネル粒子を製造した。
製造したスピネル粒子について、以下の評価を行った。
スピネル粒子について、合成例1と同様の方法で、X線回折法(XRD)により結晶構造を解析した。
スピネル粒子について、合成例1と同様の方法で、走査型電子顕微鏡観察(SEM)により粒子形状を観察し、また、平均粒径を測定した。
スピネル粒子について、蛍光X線測定(XRF)により合成例1と同様の方法で、モリブデン含有量を測定した。
スピネル粒子について、合成例1と同様の方法で、BET比表面積を測定した。
製造したスピネル粒子について、[111]面および[311]面の結晶子径を測定した。
上記結晶構造の解析で得られたCuKαを線源とする粉末X線回折パターンを用いて、[111]/[311]を計算した。
合成例2で合成したモリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウム(アルミニウム元素:0.02mol、モリブデン元素:0.07mmol)を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法で、スピネル粒子を製造した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、平均粒径、モリブデン含有量、比表面積、[111]面および[311]面の結晶子径、並びに結晶ピーク強度比([111]/[311])の測定を行った。その結果、平均粒径は20μmであり、モリブデン含有量は三酸化モリブデン換算で0.30質量%であり、比表面積は0.02m2/gであり、[111]面の結晶子径は263nmであり、[311]面の結晶子径は184nmであり、結晶ピーク強度比([111]/[311])は0.371であった。
合成例1で合成したアンモニア水洗浄前のモリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウム(酸化モリブデン換算のモリブデン含有量:3.5質量%)を使用したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でスピネル粒子を製造した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、平均粒径、モリブデン含有量、比表面積、[111]面および[311]面の結晶子径、並びに結晶ピーク強度比([111]/[311])の測定を行った。その結果、平均粒径は5μmであり、モリブデン含有量は三酸化モリブデン換算で0.40質量%であり、比表面積は0.4m2/gであり、[111]面の結晶子径は364nmであり、[311]面の結晶子径は645nmであり、結晶ピーク強度比([111]/[311])は0.349であった。
酸化マグネシウムの代わりに、水酸化マグネシウム0.58g(マグネシウム元素:0.01mol)を用いたことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でスピネル粒子を製造した。
実施例1と同様の方法で、平均粒径、モリブデン含有量、比表面積、[111]面および[311]面の結晶子径、並びに結晶ピーク強度比([111]/[311])の測定を行った。その結果、平均粒径は5μmであり、モリブデン含有量は三酸化モリブデン換算で0.30質量%であり、比表面積は0.4m2/gであり、[111]面の結晶子径は410nmであり、[311]面の結晶子径は530nmであり、結晶ピーク強度比([111]/[311])は0.330であった。
モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムを、α結晶の酸化アルミニウムA18(アルミニウム元素:0.02mol、平均粒径:18μm、住友化学株式会社製)に変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でスピネル粒子を製造した。
実施例1と同様の方法で結晶構造の解析を行ったところ、スピネル粒子はMgAl2O4の組成を有するが、結晶化度が低いスピネル結晶であった。
モリブデンを含むα-酸化アルミニウムを、酸化アルミニウムDAW45(α/θ-酸化アルミニウム、アルミニウム元素:0.02mol、平均粒径:45μm、電気化学工業株式会社製)に変更したことを除いては、実施例1と同様の方法でスピネル粒子を製造した。
実施例1と同様の方法で結晶構造の解析を行ったところ、スピネル粒子はMgAl2O4の組成を有するが、結晶化度が低いスピネル結晶であった。
市販のスピネル粒子(325メッシュパス品、Alfa Aesar株式会社製)を準備した。
実施例1と同様の方法結晶構造の解析を行ったところ、スピネル粒子はMgAl2O4の組成を有するが、結晶化度が低いスピネル結晶であった。なお、形状は不定形であった。
Claims (13)
- マグネシウム原子、アルミニウム原子、および酸素原子と、モリブデンと、を含み、
[111]面の結晶子径が、220nm以上である、スピネル粒子。 - [311]面の結晶子径が、100nm以上である、請求項1に記載のスピネル粒子。
- 前記[311]面の結晶ピーク強度に対する前記[111]面の結晶ピーク強度の比([111]面/[311]面)が、0.3以上である、請求項1または2に記載のスピネル粒子。
- 平均粒径が、0.1~1000μmである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のスピネル粒子。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のスピネル粒子の製造方法であって、
マグネシウム化合物およびアルミニウム化合物を、モリブデン存在下で、固溶化および晶出により前記スピネル粒子に結晶成長させる焼成工程と、
前記焼成工程で結晶成長したスピネル粒子を結晶化する冷却工程と、
を含む、製造方法。 - 前記アルミニウム化合物が、モリブデンを含む、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム化合物が、酸化アルミニウムである、請求項5または6に記載の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム化合物のアルミニウム元素に対するモリブデン元素のモル比(モリブデン元素/アルミニウム元素)が0.00001~0.05である、請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム化合物の平均粒子径が0.1~1000μmである、請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のスピネル粒子と、樹脂と、を含む、組成物。
- さらに硬化剤を含む、請求項10に記載の組成物。
- 熱伝導性材料である、請求項10または11に記載の組成物。
- 請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を成形してなる、成形物。
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JP2016554760A JP6061173B1 (ja) | 2016-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | スピネル粒子およびその製造方法、並びに前記スピネル粒子を含む組成物および成形物 |
CN201680087038.4A CN109415220B (zh) | 2016-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | 尖晶石颗粒及其制造方法、及包含前述尖晶石颗粒的组合物和成形物 |
PCT/JP2016/068665 WO2017221372A1 (ja) | 2016-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | スピネル粒子およびその製造方法、並びに前記スピネル粒子を含む組成物および成形物 |
EP16906289.0A EP3476805B1 (en) | 2016-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | Spinel particles, method for producing same, and composition and molded article including spinel particles |
US16/310,942 US11040887B2 (en) | 2016-06-23 | 2016-06-23 | Spinel particles, method for producing same and composition and molded article including spinel particles |
TW105124558A TWI709531B (zh) | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-03 | 尖晶石粒子及其製造方法、以及包含前述尖晶石粒子之組成物及成形物 |
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- 2016-06-23 CN CN201680087038.4A patent/CN109415220B/zh active Active
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JP2019206459A (ja) * | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-05 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | 熱伝導性酸化物及びその製造方法 |
WO2020145343A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-16 | Dic株式会社 | 板状スピネル粒子及びその製造方法 |
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WO2020145342A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-16 | Dic株式会社 | スピネル粒子及びその製造方法、樹脂組成物、成形物、組成物、グリーンシート、焼成物、並びに、ガラスセラミックス基板 |
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WO2023234160A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-12-07 | Dic株式会社 | 酸化銅クロムスピネル、及びその樹脂組成物、樹脂成形品、酸化銅クロムスピネルの製造方法 |
JP7468801B1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 | 2024-04-16 | Dic株式会社 | 酸化銅クロムスピネル、及びその樹脂組成物、樹脂成形品 |
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JP7468808B1 (ja) | 2022-07-28 | 2024-04-16 | Dic株式会社 | ガーナイト粒子およびその製造方法 |
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EP3476805A1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
US11040887B2 (en) | 2021-06-22 |
TW201800341A (zh) | 2018-01-01 |
TWI709531B (zh) | 2020-11-11 |
EP3476805A4 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
KR20190020664A (ko) | 2019-03-04 |
CN109415220B (zh) | 2021-06-18 |
CN109415220A (zh) | 2019-03-01 |
JP6061173B1 (ja) | 2017-01-18 |
JPWO2017221372A1 (ja) | 2018-06-21 |
EP3476805B1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
KR102455339B1 (ko) | 2022-10-18 |
US20200308014A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
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