WO2017193412A1 - 一种消反射异质结复合涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种消反射异质结复合涂层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017193412A1
WO2017193412A1 PCT/CN2016/082290 CN2016082290W WO2017193412A1 WO 2017193412 A1 WO2017193412 A1 WO 2017193412A1 CN 2016082290 W CN2016082290 W CN 2016082290W WO 2017193412 A1 WO2017193412 A1 WO 2017193412A1
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composite coating
transition metal
metal oxide
heterojunction composite
reflection
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French (fr)
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石刚
李赢
倪才华
东为富
张胜文
白绘宇
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Jiangnan University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/063Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/06Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39Photocatalytic properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80Constructional details
    • H10K30/87Light-trapping means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2235/00Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2235/00Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
    • B01J2235/30Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic materials, and in particular, to an antireflection heterojunction composite coating and a preparation method thereof.
  • the means for slowing the refractive index mutation mainly consists of a multilayer film method and a biomimetic method.
  • the multilayer film process is easy to prepare, the cost of the film and the choice of different refractive index films limit its development.
  • the bionic method is to mimic some of the characteristics of living things by mimicking the special structure of natural creatures. By replicating the moths, the constructed structure has the characteristic of slowly changing the refractive index, thus exhibiting excellent anti-reflection performance.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an antireflection heterojunction composite coating having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and a preparation method thereof.
  • the present invention provides an anti-reflective heterojunction composite coating, which is a layered ordered composite coating, which is a rigid substrate, a tapered transition metal oxide, and a conductive polymer nanoparticle in order from bottom to top.
  • the rigid substrate described therein includes: a silicon wafer, a silicon oxide wafer, a glass slide, a quartz wafer, a germanium wafer, a gallium arsenide wafer, a sapphire wafer, and a nitrogen Aluminized ceramic sheets, conductive glass; transition metal oxides are n-type semiconductors, including: titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cadmium oxide, manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, cobalt ferrite; tapered structure is a quadrangular pyramid, the side of the cone The angle of the bottom surface is 54 °, the height of the cone is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ ; the conductive polymer is a p-type semiconductor, including: polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, polypheny
  • nanoparticles have particle sizes ranging from 5 to 100 nm.
  • the three materials have their respective roles in the composite coating: 1) The rigid substrate provides a stable environment for the ordered assembly of micro/nano materials, which acts as a composite coating; 2) The transition metal oxide is micron-sized The tapered structure can reduce the refractive index change of the air to the transition metal oxide surface and reduce the reflectivity of the incident light on the surface of the material; 3) The conductive polymer is a nanoparticle morphology, and the micron-sized transition metal oxide tapered surface The assembly can further reduce the reflectivity of incident light on the surface of the material.
  • the selected conductive polymer is a p-type semiconductor, which is in contact with the transition metal oxide of the n-type semiconductor to form a pn heterojunction, which effectively separates the photo-generated charge.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing an antireflection heterojunction composite coating, which comprises the following steps: [0008] 1) etching a single crystal silicon through an alkali solution to obtain a silicon cone having a pyramidal appearance on the surface;
  • transition metal salt is hydrolyzed to obtain a transition metal oxide sol
  • the PDMS template of the step 2) is in close contact with the substrate with the transition metal oxide sol on the surface, and after the solvent is volatilized, the PDMS template is peeled off and calcined at a high temperature to obtain a tapered transition metal oxide complementary to the template. ;
  • the alkali liquid etching of the single crystal silicon is heated in a water bath at 30 ⁇ 100 °C for mechanical or magnetic stirring for not less than 5 minutes.
  • the mass ratio of the prepolymer and the curing agent is 8:1 to 12:1, and the curing temperature is 40 to 90.
  • the transition metal salt includes Ti 4+ salt, Zn 2+ salt, Cd 2+ salt, and Mn 2+ salt.
  • Ni 2+ salt, Co 2+ and Fe 3+ salt Ni 2+ salt, Co 2+ and Fe 3+ salt.
  • Soft imprint technology is a derivative technology in soft lithography, and the process is relatively simple in soft lithography. It is suitable for a production process that is applied to industrial mass production. Transferring a transition metal oxide cone structure through a soft template (PDMS) is a typical soft imprint process. When the PDMS soft template is in contact with the rigid substrate with the transition metal oxide sol attached thereto, the transition metal oxide sol will fill the voids of the template structure, and after the solvent is volatilized, a complementary structure with the PDMS, that is, a quadrangular pyramid structure, is obtained.
  • PDMS soft template
  • the present invention also provides an antireflection heterojunction composite coating for use in photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.
  • Organic dye contamination is a typical industrial pollution.
  • Photocatalytic degradation of transition metal oxides and conductive polymers is an effective means of solving pollution.
  • a micro/nano composite structure composed of a micron-sized tapered transition metal oxide and a nanometer-sized conductive polymer particle in an antireflection heterojunction composite coating can effectively reduce the reflectance of incident light on the surface of the composite coating Increasing the absorption of incident light and improving the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes; meanwhile, an effective pn heterojunction can be formed at the interface of transition metal oxide and conductive polymer in an anti-reflective heterojunction composite coating. Increasing the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges can further improve the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the same coating in the composite coating contains a micron-sized tapered transition metal oxide and a nano-scale conductive polymer particle, it has excellent anti-reflection performance and can effectively increase light absorption;
  • the composite coating has the synergistic effect of the anti-reflection structure and the pn heterojunction, fully utilizes the incident light, and improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the coating. Therefore, the composite coating can be applied as a photoelectric material to photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. In solar cells and optoelectronic devices, it has practical application value.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the preparation of an anti-reflection heterojunction composite coating according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of an antireflection heterojunction composite coating PANI/TiO 2 /Si in the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of an antireflection heterojunction composite coating PANI/TiO 2 in the present invention. Comparison of diffuse reflectance spectra of /Si and TiO 2 /Si, F-TiO 2 /Si samples;
  • FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of linear scan voltammetry curves of PANI/TiO 2 /Si and TiO 2 /Si samples of an antireflection heterojunction composite coating according to the present invention
  • PANI/TiO 2 /Si (dark) and PANI/TiO 2 /Si (dark) are linear sweep voltammetry curves of the sample in the dark
  • PANI/TiO 2 /Si (100 mW/cm 2 ) is a linear sweep voltammetry curve of the sample at a light intensity of 100 mW/cm 2 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a comparison diagram of the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in an antireflection heterojunction composite coating PANI/TiO 2 /Si and TiO 2 /Si, F-TiO 2 /Si samples according to the present invention
  • C. And C are the initial concentration and some engraved concentration of methylene blue in the process of catalytic degradation, respectively.
  • the 100-type single crystal silicon wafer was cut into 1.5 cm ⁇ 1.0 cm, ultrasonically cleaned in acetone, chloroform, ethanol and water for 5 min respectively to remove the contamination on the surface of the silicon wafer; then the cleaned silicon wafer was placed at a concentration of l mol/L potassium hydroxide in isopropanol solution, under mechanical stirring, etched in a water bath at 50 °C for 30 min to obtain a silicon cone with an average height of 3 ⁇ , as shown in Figure 2.
  • the TiO 2 sol is placed on the surface of the rigid substrate; then the PDMS soft template prepared above is in close contact with the silicon wafer substrate with the TiO 2 sol on the surface, and the oven is placed at 70 ° C after horizontally standing for a certain period of time. Drying 12
  • the PDMS soft template is peeled off from the substrate to obtain a tapered TiO 2 structure, as shown in FIG. 3; finally, the alkoxy group is removed by calcination at 500 ° C for 3 h in a muffle furnace and Hydroxyl groups in the structure
  • Example 1 The PAN TiO 2 /Si obtained in Example 1 was subjected to anti-reflection performance detection, and the reflection spectrum in the purple, visible, and near-infrared was collected by using an integrating sphere, and the results are shown in FIG. 5, wherein the surface is free of PANI nanoparticles.
  • Conical Ti 0 2 (TiO 2 /Si) and planar TiO 2 were used as comparative samples (F-Ti0 2 /Si).
  • micron-sized cones and nano-sized particles in PANI/TiO 2 /Si can achieve good anti-reflection in the long-wavelength and short-wavelength bands, with a reflectivity of at least 3%, much lower than Ti0 2 /Si and Reflectance of F-Ti0 2 /Si samples.
  • the PANI/Ti0 2 /S obtained in Example 1 was subjected to photocurrent detection, and the results are shown in Fig. 6, in which a tapered Ti0 2 (Ti0 2 /Si) having no polyaniline nanoparticles was used as a comparative sample.
  • the sample to be tested was used as the working electrode
  • the platinum-plated conductive glass was used as the counter electrode
  • Ag/AgCl was used as the reference electrode
  • 0.3 mol/L Na 2 S0 4 was used as the electrolyte
  • the xenon lamp was the simulated sunlight source.
  • the electrons in the semiconductor are confined in the valence band, so there is no directional movement of electrons in the loop, and no current is generated.
  • the catalytic experiment was as follows: Prepare a methylene blue solution at a concentration of 1.0x10 -5 mol/L, place the prepared 1.5 cmxl.O cm sample in a quartz beaker, add 5 mL of the dye, and then place it in the dark for 1 h. Let it reach the adsorption-desorption equilibrium, and then use a xenon lamp to illuminate the darkened solution under a water bath. The sample was examined by ultraviolet-visible spectrometer every lh, and the maximum value of the absorption peak of methylene blue molecule at 663 nm was recorded. The photocatalytic performance of the sample was characterized by the change of dye concentration between different turns. PANI/Ti02/Si composite The coating can completely degrade the dye methylene blue in 6 h, and the degradation efficiency is higher than that of TiO 2 /Si and F-TiO 2 /Si samples.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种消反射异质结复合涂层及其制备方法,首先以碱液各向异性刻蚀单晶硅,得到微米尺寸的锥形结构;然后,通过软模板印刷技术,将硅锥结构转移到表面附有过渡金属氧化物的刚性基底表面,得到锥形过渡金属氧化物;最后,通过原位氧化物法,在锥形过渡金属氧化物表面生长导电高分子纳米粒子,形成刚性基底为载体的过渡金属氧化物、导电高分子复合涂层。由于该复合涂层具有微纳多级结构,因而具有优异消反射性能,同时过渡金属氧化物和导电高分子组装的界面处形成p-n异质结,赋予复合涂层高效分离光生电荷的能力,提高光电转化效率。该复合涂层高效利用入射光,作为光电材料具有较高的应用前景。

Description

说明书 发明名称:一种消反射异质结复合涂层及其制备方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及光电材料技术领域, 尤其涉及一种消反射异质结复合涂层及其制备 方法。
背景技术
[0002] 由于光在界面反射的存在, 大量入射到材料表面的太阳光被反射掉, 一方面造 成太阳能的损失, 另一方面严重影响光电器件的使用效率。 众所周知, 高反射 的根本原因为界面处折射率的突变。 因此, 为降低光在材料表面的反射, 人们 从减缓界面处折射率突变的相关工作入手。
技术问题
[0003] 目前, 减缓折射率突变的手段主要由多层膜法和仿生法。 虽然多层膜法易于制 备, 但是膜的成本和不同折射率膜的选择限制了其发展。 仿生法是通过仿造自 然界生物的特殊结构, 进而达到生物所具有的某些特征。 人们通过仿造飞蛾复 目艮, 所构筑的结构具有折射率缓慢递变的特点, 从而表现出优异的消反射性能
[0004] 近年来, 科学家们通过碱液各向异性刻蚀单晶硅, 得到硅锥结构, 与飞蛾复眼 结构相似, 具有比较优异的消反射效果。 但是目前所构筑的仿生锥形结构主要 集中在单晶硅材料, 没有将其拓展到其他单一材料或复合材料中, 不利于仿生 锥形材料的多功能化, 限制了其应用范围。
[0005] 为解决上述技术问题, 本发明的目的是提供一种具有高光电转化效率的消反射 异质结复合涂层及其制备方法。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0006] 本发明提供一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 为层级有序复合涂层, 由下至上依次 为刚性基底、 锥形过渡金属氧化物、 导电高分子纳米粒子。 其中所述的刚性基 底包括: 硅片、 氧化硅片、 载玻片、 石英片、 锗片、 砷化镓片、 蓝宝石片、 氮 化铝陶瓷片、 导电玻璃; 过渡金属氧化物为 n型半导体, 包括: 二氧化钛、 氧化 锌、 氧化镉、 二氧化锰、 氧化镍、 钴铁氧体; 锥形结构为四棱锥, 锥的侧面与 底面夹角为 54 °, 锥的高度为 1~10 μηι; 导电高分子为 ρ型半导体, 包括: 聚苯胺 、 聚吡咯、 聚噻吩、 聚乙炔、 聚苯撑、 聚苯撑乙炔及其以上物质的衍生物; 纳 米粒子的粒径范围为 5~100 nm。 三种材料在复合涂层中具有各自的作用: 1) 刚 性基底为微纳材料的有序组装提供的稳定的环境, 起到负载复合涂层的作用; 2 ) 过渡金属氧化物为微米尺寸的锥形结构, 可以减缓空气到过渡金属氧化物表 面的折射率变化, 降低入射光在材料表面的反射率; 3) 导电聚合物为纳米粒子 形貌, 在微米尺寸的过渡金属氧化物锥形表面组装, 可以进一步降低入射光在 材料表面的反射率, 同吋, 所选导电聚合物为 p型半导体, 与 n型半导体的过渡 金属氧化物接触, 形成 p-n异质结, 有效分离光生电荷。
[0007] 本发明还提供一种消反射异质结复合涂层的制备方法, 依次包括以下步骤: [0008] 1) 将单晶硅通过碱液刻蚀得到表面具有金字塔形貌的硅锥;
[0009] 2) 将聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 的预聚物和固化剂浇铸在步骤 1) 的硅锥表面
, 加热固化后剥离 PDMS模板;
[0010] 3) 将过渡金属盐进行水解, 得到过渡金属氧化物溶胶;
[0011] 4) 将步骤 2) 的 PDMS模板与表面附有过渡金属氧化物溶胶的基底紧密接触, 待溶剂挥发后, 剥离 PDMS模板, 经过高温煅烧, 得到与模板互补的锥形过渡金 属氧化物;
[0012] 5) 通过原位氧化法, 在骤 4) 得到的锥形过渡金属氧化物表面自组装导电高分 子纳米粒子, 得到消反射异质结复合涂层。
[0013] 具体的, 所述步骤 1) 中, 单晶硅的碱液刻蚀为在机械或磁力搅拌下 30~100 °C 水浴锅加热不少于 5 min。
[0014] 具体的, 所述步骤 2) 中, 预聚物和固化剂的质量比 8:1~12:1, 固化温度 40~90
°C, 固化吋间 0.5~24 h。
[0015] 具体的, 所述步骤 3) 中, 过渡金属盐包括 Ti 4+盐、 Zn 2+盐、 Cd 2+盐、 Mn 2+
、 Ni 2+盐、 Co 2+和 Fe 3+盐。
[0016] 软压印技术是软光刻技术中一种衍生技术, 也是软光刻技术中工艺过程相对简 单适合应用到工业化大规模生产的一种生产工艺。 通过软模板 (PDMS) 转移过 渡金属氧化物锥形结构是典型的软压印过程。 当 PDMS软模板与表面附有过渡金 属氧化物溶胶的刚性基底接触吋, 过渡金属氧化物溶胶就会充满模板结构的空 隙中, 待溶剂挥发后, 得到与 PDMS互补结构, 即四棱锥结构。
[0017] 本发明还提供一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 在光催化降解有机染料中的应用。
有机染料污染是典型的工业污染, 过渡金属氧化物及导电高分子的光催化降解 有机染料是解决污染的一种有效手段。 一种消反射异质结复合涂层中微米尺寸 的锥形过渡金属氧化物和纳米尺寸的导电高分子粒子所构成的微纳复合结构, 可以有效的降低入射光在复合涂层表面的反射率, 增加入射光的吸收, 提高光 催化降解有机染料的效率; 同吋, 一种消反射异质结复合涂层中过渡金属氧化 物和导电高分子组装界面处可以形成有效的 p-n异质结, 增加光生电荷的分离效 率, 可以进一步提高光催化降解有机染料的效率。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0018] 借由上述方案, 本发明至少具有以下优点:
[0019] 1.由于该复合涂层中同吋含有微米尺寸的锥形过渡金属氧化物、 纳米尺度的导 电高分子粒子, 因而具有优异的消反射性能, 可以有效的增加光的吸收;
[0020] 2.复合涂层中过渡金属氧化物和导电高分子接触界面处形成 p-n异质结, 赋予 复合涂层高效分离光生电荷的能力, 因而复合涂层具有高效光电转化效率; [0021] 3.软压印技术用于转移锥形结构, 拓宽了锥形结构的使用范围, 方法简便, 条 件温和, 不需要高温和高压, 成本低廉, 适合大规模生产;
[0022] 4. 复合涂层实在消反射结构和 p-n异质结协同作用下, 充分利用入射光, 提高 涂层的光电转化效率, 因此该复合涂层可以作为光电材料应用到光催化降解污 染物、 太阳能电池、 光电器件中, 具有实际的应用价值。
[0023] 上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述, 为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段
, 并可依照说明书的内容予以实施, 以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详 细说明如后。
对附图的简要说明 附图说明
[0024] 图 1为本发明中消反射异质结复合涂层的制备示意图;
[0025] 图 2为本发明中表面具有锥形结构单晶硅的扫描电镜图片;
[0026] 图 3为本发明中表面具有锥形结构 TiO 2的扫描电子显微镜照片;
[0027] 图 4为本发明中消反射异质结复合涂层 PANI/TiO 2/Si的扫描电子显微镜照片; [0028] 图 5为本发明中消反射异质结复合涂层 PANI/TiO 2/Si与 TiO 2/Si、 F-TiO 2/Si样品 的漫反射光谱对比图;
[0029] 图 6为本发明中消反射异质结复合涂层 PANI/TiO 2/Si与 TiO 2/Si样品的线性扫描 伏安曲线对比图,
[0030] 图中, PANI/TiO 2/Si (dark)和 PANI/TiO 2/Si (dark)为样品在暗处的线性扫描伏安 曲线, PANI/TiO 2/Si (100 mW/cm 2)和 PANI/TiO 2/Si (100 mW/cm 2)为样品在光强 为 100 mW/cm 2的线性扫描伏安曲线;
[0031] 图 7为本发明中消反射异质结复合涂层 PANI/TiO 2/Si与 TiO 2/Si、 F-TiO 2/Si样品 的光催化降解亚甲基蓝的效率对比图,
[0032] 图中, C。和 C分别为亚甲基蓝被催化降解过程中的初始浓度和某一吋刻的浓度
本发明的实施方式
[0033] 下面结合附图和实施例, 对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。 以下实 施例用于说明本发明, 但不用来限制本发明的范围。
[0034] 实施例 1
[0035] 1) 微米尺寸硅锥的制备:
[0036] 将 100型单晶硅片切割成 1.5 cmxl.0 cm, 分别在丙酮、 氯仿、 乙醇和水中超声 清洗 5 min, 除去硅片表面的污染; 然后将清洁后的硅片置于浓度为 l mol/L氢氧 化钾的异丙醇溶液中, 在机械搅拌的条件下, 50 °C的水浴中刻蚀 30 min, 得到 平均高度为 3 μηι的硅锥, 如图 2所示。
[0037] 2) PDMS软模板的制备:
[0038] 将 PDMS的预聚物与固化剂按 10:1的质量比进行混合, 浇筑在硅锥结构上, 放 在烘箱中 75 °C下固化 2 h, 冷却后从刚性模板上剥离, 得到与硅锥模板结构互补 的 PDMS软模板。
[0039] 3) Ti0 2溶胶的制备:
[0040] 首先, 取 5 mL的钛酸正四丁酯与 25 mL的无水乙醇混合均匀; 其次, 将 5 mL的 无水乙醇、 5 mL的水以及 l.O mL的盐酸 (37%) 加入到上述溶液中; 最后, 在水 浴温度为 40°C的条件下搅拌 l h, 使其充分反应, 得到二氧化钛 (Ti0 2) 溶胶。
[0041] 4) 锥形 Ti0 2的制备:
[0042] 首先将 TiO 2溶胶置于刚性基底表面; 然后将上述制备的 PDMS软模板与表面附 有 TiO 2溶胶的硅片基底进行紧密接触, 水平静置一定吋间后在 70 °C的烘箱中干 燥 12
h; 待溶剂挥发完全之后, 将 PDMS软模板从基底上剥离, 得到了锥形的 TiO 2结 构, 如图 3所示; 最后, 在马弗炉中 500 °C煅烧 3 h除去烷氧基以及结构中的羟基
[0043] 5) 消反射异质结复合涂层的制备:
[0044] 配制 2 mol/L苯胺盐酸盐 50 mL, 称量过硫酸铵 5.711 g溶解于 50 mL蒸馏水中, 称量聚乙烯吡喏烷酮 k-30 (PVP) 4 g溶解于上述两种溶液的混合液中, 将 Ti0 2 锥形结构置于此混合液中, 短暂搅拌后在 20 °C下反应 4 h后取出, 用蒸馏水冲洗 再用氮气吹干, 得硅片为刚性基底, 表面附有聚苯胺 (PANI) 纳米粒子的 TiO 2 锥形阵列, 即消反射异质结复合涂层 (PANI/Ti0 2/Si), 如图 4所示。
[0045]
[0046] 实施例 2
[0047] 消反射异质结复合涂层的表面反射率:
[0048] 将实施例 1中所得 PAN TiO 2/Si进行消反射性能检测, 利用积分球收集其在紫 夕卜、 可见、 近红外的反射光谱, 结果见图 5, 其中表面无 PANI纳米粒子的锥形 Ti 0 2 (TiO 2/Si) 及平面 TiO 2作为对比样品 (F-Ti0 2/Si) 。 PANI/TiO 2/Si中的微米 尺寸的锥体和纳米尺寸的粒子能够同吋在长波和短波波段范围内实现好的消反 射, 反射率最低可达 3%, 远低于 Ti0 2/Si及 F-Ti0 2/Si样品的反射率。
[0049] [0050] 实施例 3
[0051] 消反射异质结复合涂层的光电性能:
[0052] 将实施例 1中所得 PANI/Ti0 2/S琎行光电流检测, 结果见图 6, 其中表面无聚苯 胺纳米粒子的锥形 Ti0 2 (Ti0 2/Si) 作为对比样品。 测试过程中以待测样品作为 工作电极, 表面镀铂的导电玻璃作为对电极, Ag/AgCl作为参比电极, 0.3 mol/L 的 Na 2S0 4作为电解液, 氙灯为模拟太阳光光源。 在无光的条件下, 半导体中的 电子被限制在价带中, 因此回路中没有电子定向运动, 无电流产生。 当在工作 电极上进行光照后, 电子被激发从价带跃迁到导带, 回路中有电流产生。 在相 同的光照条件下, 随着电压的增加, PANI/Ti0 2/Si的光电流密度也随之增大, 且 始终大于 TiO 2/Si样品的光电流密度, 具有优异的光电转化效率。
[0053]
[0054] 实施例 4
[0055] 消反射异质结复合涂层光催化降解有机染料:
[0056] 将实施例 1中所得 PANI/Ti02/Si作为光催化剂, 在模拟太阳光的条件下, 催化 降解亚甲基蓝溶液, 结果见图 7, 其中表面无聚苯胺纳米粒子的锥形 TiO 2 (Ti0 2 /Si) 及平面 TiO 2 (F-TiO 2
/Si) 作为对比样品。 催化实验过程如下: 配制浓度为 1.0x10 -5 mol/L的亚甲基蓝 溶液, 将制备好的 1.5 cmxl.O cm的样品放置于石英烧杯中, 加入染料 5 mL, 然 后将其置于暗处 1 h让其达到吸附 -解吸平衡, 之后用氙灯对暗置后的溶液在水浴 下进行光照。 每隔 l h用紫外-可见光谱仪对样品进行一次检测, 记录亚甲基蓝分 子在 663 nm处吸收峰的最大值, 通过不同吋间下染料浓度的变化来表征样品的 光催化性能, PANI/Ti02/Si复合涂层能在 6 h内将染料亚甲基蓝完全降解, 且降 解效率高于 TiO 2/Si及 F-TiO 2/Si样品。
[0057] 以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 并不用于限制本发明, 应当指出, 对于 本技术领域的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下, 还可以 做出若干改进和变型, 这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 其特征在于: 消反射异质结复合涂层为 层级有序结构, 由下到上分别为刚性基底、 锥形过渡金属氧化物、 导 电高分子纳米粒子, 复合涂层整体为微纳多级结构。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 其特征在于: 所 述刚性基底包括硅片、 氧化硅片、 载玻片、 石英片、 锗片、 砷化镓片 、 蓝宝石片、 氮化铝陶瓷片、 导电玻璃。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 其特征在于: 所 述锥形为四棱锥结构, 锥的侧面与底面夹角为 54 °, 锥的高度为 1-10 μηι。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 其特征在于: 所 述过渡金属氧化物为 η型半导体, 包括二氧化钛、 氧化锌、 氧化镉、 二氧化锰、 氧化镍、 钴铁氧体。
根据权利要求 1所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层, 其特征在于: 所 述导电高分子纳米粒子为 ρ型半导体, 包括聚苯胺、 聚吡咯、 聚噻吩 、 聚乙炔、 聚苯撑、 聚苯撑乙炔及其以上物质的衍生物, 纳米粒子的 粒径范围为 5~100 nm。
制备权利要求 1所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层的方法, 其特征在 于: 包括以下步骤:
1) 将单晶硅通过碱液刻蚀得到表面具有金字塔形貌的硅锥;
2) 将聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 的预聚物和固化剂浇铸在步骤 1) 的 硅锥表面, 加热固化后剥离 PDMS模板;
3) 将过渡金属盐进行水解, 得到过渡金属氧化物的溶胶;
4) 将步骤 2) 的 PDMS模板与表面附有过渡金属氧化物溶胶的基底紧 密接触, 待溶剂挥发后, 剥离 PDMS模板, 经过高温煅烧, 得到与模 板互补的锥形过渡金属氧化物;
5) 通过原位氧化法, 在骤 4) 得到的锥形过渡金属氧化物表面自组装 导电高分子纳米粒子, 得到消反射异质结复合涂层。 [权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 7所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层的制备方法, 其特 征在于:
所述步骤 1) 中, 单晶硅的碱液刻蚀为在机械或磁力搅拌下 30~100 °C 水浴锅加热不少于 5 min。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 7所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层的制备方法, 其特 征在于: 所述步骤 2) 中, 预聚物和固化剂的质量比 8:1~12:1, 固化 温度 40~90 °C, 固化吋间 0.5~24 h。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 7所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层的制备方法, 其特 征在于: 所述步骤 3) 中, 过渡金属盐包括 Ti 4+盐、 Zn 2+盐、 Cd 2+盐 、 Mn 2+盐、 Ni 2+盐、 0) 2 6 3+盐。
[权利要求 10] 根据权利要求 1或 7任一项所述的一种消反射异质结复合涂层及其制备 方法, 在光电材料中的应用。
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