WO2017175713A1 - 超伝導線及び超伝導コイル - Google Patents
超伝導線及び超伝導コイル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017175713A1 WO2017175713A1 PCT/JP2017/013929 JP2017013929W WO2017175713A1 WO 2017175713 A1 WO2017175713 A1 WO 2017175713A1 JP 2017013929 W JP2017013929 W JP 2017013929W WO 2017175713 A1 WO2017175713 A1 WO 2017175713A1
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 SrS Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020012 Nb—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/04—Single wire
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/02—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by their form
- H01B12/08—Stranded or braided wires
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B12/00—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines
- H01B12/16—Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines characterised by cooling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/80—Constructional details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
- H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N60/0128—Manufacture or treatment of composite superconductor filaments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a superconducting wire comprising a strand made of a superconductor and a superconducting stabilizer disposed in contact with the strand, and a superconducting coil comprising the superconducting wire. It is.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-076900 filed in Japan on April 6, 2016, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the above-mentioned superconducting wire is used in fields such as MRI, NMR, particle accelerator, linear motor car, and power storage device.
- This superconducting wire has a multi-core structure in which a plurality of strands made of a superconductor such as Nb—Ti and Nb 3 Sn are bundled with a superconducting stabilizer interposed.
- a tape-shaped superconducting wire in which a superconductor and a superconducting stabilizer are laminated is also provided.
- a superconducting wire having a channel member made of pure copper is also provided.
- a superconducting stabilizer having a relatively low resistance such as copper is disposed so as to be in contact with the superconductor (element wire). If the superconducting state is partially broken, the current flowing through the superconductor is temporarily diverted to the superconducting stabilizer, and the superconductor is cooled and returned to the superconducting state during that time. It has a structure that allows
- the structure of the superconducting wire here refers to a superconducting wire that is processed so that a wire containing a superconductor represented by Nb—Ti, Nb 3 Sn and a superconducting stabilizer made of copper are in contact with each other. It is a wire that has been processed so that a plurality of strands including the body and the superconducting stabilizer become one structure. This processing includes extrusion, rolling, wire drawing, drawing, and twisting.
- the above-described superconducting stabilizer is required to have a sufficiently low resistance at extremely low temperatures in order to efficiently bypass current.
- Residual resistance ratio (RRR) is widely used as an index indicating electric resistance at extremely low temperatures.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is located ratio ⁇ 293K / ⁇ 4.2K with electrical resistivity [rho 4.2 K at room temperature electrical resistivity [rho 293 K and the liquid helium temperature at (293K) (4.2K)
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 propose Cu materials having a high residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- a copper material having a high residual resistance ratio (RRR) is obtained by heating a copper material having a purity of 99.999% or more in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 650 to 800 ° C. for at least 30 minutes. It is described to obtain.
- Patent Document 2 proposes high-purity copper in which the content of specific elements (Fe, P, Al, As, Sn, and S) is regulated and the impurity concentration is very low.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a Cu alloy in which a small amount of Zr is added to high-purity copper having a low oxygen concentration.
- Patent Document 1 shows a method of manufacturing pure copper or a copper alloy having a high residual resistance ratio (RRR) using pure copper having a purity of 99.999% or more, but 99.999% By using the above pure copper as a raw material, there has been a problem that the manufacturing cost is significantly increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and can be manufactured at a relatively simple and inexpensive manufacturing process, and includes a superconducting stabilizer that has a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR). It is an object to provide a superconducting wire that can be used and a superconducting coil comprising the superconducting wire.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- a superconducting wire according to an aspect of the present invention is a superconducting wire comprising a strand made of a superconductor and a superconducting stabilizer disposed in contact with the strand, wherein
- the conductive stabilizer contains one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) within a total range of 3 ppm to 400 ppm by mass, with the balance being Cu and unavoidable impurities, and a total of concentrations of the unavoidable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, are made of a copper material having a mass of 5 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm.
- RE rare earth elements
- rare earth elements (RE) are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc, and Y. is there.
- (RE) S and (RE) 2 SO 2 are compounds containing rare earth elements (RE) and S.
- the superconducting wire may have a plurality of strands made of a superconductor. The strand may be composed only of a superconductor.
- the superconducting stabilizer has a total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, of 5 ppm to 100 ppm.
- the superconducting stabilizer since the superconducting stabilizer is in electrical contact with the strand made of the superconductor, the superconductor can be used even when the superconducting state is broken in a part of the superconductor. Since the flowing current can be diverted to the superconducting stabilizer, the entire superconducting wire can be prevented from transitioning to the normal state (the normal state is propagated to the entire superconductor). The superconducting wire can be used stably.
- copper In the superconducting stabilizer, copper is used in which the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, is 5 mass ppm or more and 100 mass ppm or less. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the purity of copper excessively, the manufacturing process is simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the superconducting stabilizer is selected from CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, (RE) 2 SO 2 inside the matrix. Therefore, S, Se, Te present in copper is reliably fixed, and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be improved. Moreover, since the above-mentioned compound has high thermal stability, even when heat-treated in a wide temperature range, it can stably maintain a high residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- the compound includes CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, and (RE) 2 SO 2 , wherein a part of S is Te or Se. Includes substituted ones.
- the superconducting stabilizer has an Fe content of 10 ppm by mass or less, an Ni content of 10 ppm by mass or less, and the As. Content is 5 mass ppm or less, Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less, Sn content is 4 mass ppm or less, Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less, Pb content is 6 mass ppm or less, Bi It is preferable that it consists of the said copper material whose content of P is 2 mass ppm or less and whose content of P is 3 mass ppm or less.
- elements of specific impurities such as Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and P have an action of reducing the residual resistance ratio (RRR). Therefore, by defining the contents of these elements as described above, it is possible to reliably improve the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer.
- the superconducting stabilizer includes a total content of S, Se, and Te (X mass ppm), Ca, Sr, Ba, and a rare earth element (RE).
- the ratio Y / X to the total content (Y mass ppm) of one or more additive elements selected from the above is made of the copper material in the range of 0.5 ⁇ Y / X ⁇ 100 Is preferred.
- the total content of S, Se, Te (X mass ppm) and the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) (Y mass) Since the ratio Y / X with respect to (ppm) is within the above-mentioned range, S, Se, Te in copper is replaced with CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, ( RE) 2 SO 2 can be reliably fixed as a compound containing one or more selected from 2 SO 2, and a decrease in the residual resistance ratio (RRR) due to S, Se, Te can be reliably suppressed.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- a residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer is 250 or more.
- the resistance value at a very low temperature is sufficiently low, and the current flows when the superconducting state of the superconductor is broken. Can be sufficiently bypassed, and the normal state can be prevented from propagating throughout the superconductor.
- the superconducting coil which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention has the structure provided with the coil
- the superconducting wire provided with the superconducting stabilizer having a high residual resistance ratio (RRR) is used, so that it can be used stably. .
- a superconducting material that can be manufactured stably with a superconducting stabilizer that has a relatively high residual resistance ratio (RRR) that can be manufactured at a relatively simple and inexpensive manufacturing process. It is possible to provide a superconducting coil comprising a wire and the superconducting wire.
- superconducting wire 10 which is one embodiment of the present invention is explained with reference to the attached drawings.
- the superconducting wire 10 in the present embodiment is disposed on a core portion 11, a plurality of filaments 12 disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core portion 11, and an outer peripheral side of the plurality of filaments 12. And an outer shell portion 13.
- the filament 12 described above has a structure in which a strand 15 made of a superconductor is covered with a superconducting stabilizer 20 while being in electrical contact, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Yes. That is, the filament 12 includes the strand 15 and the superconducting stabilizing material 20 that covers the strand 15 while being in electrical contact with the strand 15.
- the strand 15 made of a superconductor and the superconducting stabilizer 20 are in a state where electricity can be conducted.
- FIG. 2 when the superconducting state is broken and a normal conduction region A is generated in a part of the strand 15 made of superconductor, the superconducting stabilizer 20 is formed from the superconductor. The current I flowing through the element wire 15 is temporarily bypassed.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 is composed of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) in a total of 3 mass ppm to 400 mass ppm. It is contained within the following range, the balance is Cu and inevitable impurities, and the total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, is 5 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm. (The superconducting stabilizer 20 is made of only the copper material).
- RE rare earth elements
- copper material which constitutes the superconducting stabilizing material 20 the interior matrix, CaS, CaSO 4, SrS, SrSO 4, BaS, BaSO 4, (RE) S, (RE) 2 SO compounds containing one or more selected from 2 exists. That is, one or more selected from the above compounds are present in the matrix.
- CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, and (RE) 2 SO 2 a part of S may be replaced with Te or Se. Since Te and Se have a small content compared to S, Te and Se rarely form a compound with Ca, Sr, Ba, rare earth elements (RE), etc. A compound is formed in a state in which a part of is substituted.
- the copper material constituting the superconducting stabilizer 20 has a content of Fe, which is an inevitable impurity, of 10 ppm by mass or less, a content of Ni of 10 ppm by mass or less, and a content of As of 5 Mass ppm or less, Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less, Sn content is 4 mass ppm or less, Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less, Pb content is 6 mass ppm or less, Bi content is 2 The mass ppm or less and the P content are 3 mass ppm or less.
- the copper material constituting the superconducting stabilizer 20 is selected from the total content of S, Se, Te (X mass ppm), Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE).
- the ratio Y / X to the total content (Y mass ppm) of one or more additive elements is within the range of 0.5 ⁇ Y / X ⁇ 100.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 has a residual resistance ratio (RRR) of 250 or more.
- one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) are elements that are highly reactive with S, Se, and Te. When the additive element generates a compound with S, Se, Te, it is possible to suppress the solid solution of these S, Se, Te in copper. Thereby, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer 20 can be sufficiently improved.
- One or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) are elements that are difficult to dissolve in copper, and even if they are dissolved in copper, the residual resistance ratio The effect of reducing (RRR) is small. For this reason, even if it is a case where said additive element is added excessively with respect to content of S, Se, and Te, the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconductor stabilization material 20 does not fall large.
- the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) is less than 3 ppm by mass, the effect of fixing S, Se, and Te is obtained. There is a risk that it will not be successful enough.
- the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) exceeds 400 ppm by mass, coarse precipitates of these additive elements, etc. There is a possibility that the processability may deteriorate due to the generation. From the above, in this embodiment, the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) is in the range of 3 ppm to 400 ppm by mass. It is prescribed in.
- the lower limit of the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) is set to 3.
- the content is preferably 5 ppm by mass or more, and more preferably 4.0 ppm by mass or more.
- the upper limit of the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) is set to 300 mass ppm. It is preferable to make it below, and it is more preferable to set it as 100 mass ppm or less.
- the concentration of inevitable impurities excluding gas components (O, H, C, N, S) is set in a range of 5 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm in total.
- the raw material has a purity of 99 to 99.999 mass%.
- High-purity copper or oxygen-free copper (C10100, C10200) can be used.
- the O concentration is preferably 20 ppm by mass or less, and the O concentration is more preferably It is 10 mass ppm or less, and most preferably 5 mass ppm or less.
- the lower limit of inevitable impurities that do not include O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, is set to 7 mass ppm or more. Is preferable, and it is more preferable to set it as more than 10 mass ppm.
- the total concentration of the inevitable impurities including the gas components O, H, C, N, and S is preferably 10 masses. More than 15 ppm, more preferably 15 ppm by mass or more, and most preferably 20 ppm by mass or more.
- the upper limit of inevitable impurities not including gas components O, H, C, N, and S is 90 mass ppm or less. It is preferable to set it to 80 mass ppm or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the upper limit of inevitable impurities containing O, H, C, N, and S as gas components is 110 mass ppm or less.
- inevitable impurities excluding gas components in the present embodiment are Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, P, Li, Be, B, F, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Cl. , K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Nb, Co, Zn, Ga, Ge, Br, Rb, Zr, Mo, Ru, Pd, Cd, In, I, Cs, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os , Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Th, U.
- Compound present in the matrix As described above, one or two or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) are produced by forming compounds such as S, Se, and Te with S, Se, and Te. The element such as Te is prevented from dissolving in copper. Therefore, a compound containing one or more kinds selected from CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, and (RE) 2 SO 2 in the matrix (one of S S, Se, and Te are fixed, and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be reliably improved.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- a compound containing one or more selected from CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, and (RE) 2 SO 2 has high thermal stability. It can exist stably even at high temperatures. Although these compounds are produced during melt casting, they are stably present after processing and after heat treatment due to the aforementioned characteristics. Therefore, even if heat treatment is performed in a wide temperature range, S, Se, and Te are fixed as compounds, and it is possible to stably have a high residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be reliably improved.
- the number density of the compounds is preferably 0.005 / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the number density of the compound is more preferably 0.007 / ⁇ m 2 or more.
- the number density described above is intended for compounds having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the number density of the above-described compound is 0.1 / ⁇ m 2. Or less, preferably 0.09 / ⁇ m 2 or less, more preferably 0.08 / ⁇ m 2 or less.
- the Fe content is 10 mass ppm or less
- the Ni content is 10 mass ppm or less
- the As content is 5 mass ppm or less
- the Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less
- the Sn content is The amount is 4 mass ppm or less
- the Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less
- the Pb content is 6 mass ppm or less
- the Bi content is 2 mass ppm or less
- the P content is 3 mass ppm or less.
- Fe content is 4.5 mass ppm or less
- Ni content is 3 mass ppm or less
- As 3 mass ppm or less Ag content 38 mass ppm or less
- Sn content 3 mass ppm or less Sb content 1.5 mass ppm or less
- Pb content 4.5 mass Preferably, the content of Bi is defined as 1.5 ppm by mass or less
- the content of P is defined as 1.5 ppm by mass or less
- the content of Fe is 3.3 ppm by mass or less.
- the content is 2.2 mass ppm or less, the As content is 2.2 mass ppm or less, the Ag content is 28 mass ppm or less, the Sn content is 2.2 mass ppm or less, and the Sb content is 1 .1 mass ppm or less, Pb content is 3.3 mass pm or less, the content of Bi 1.1 mass ppm or less, it is preferable to define the content of P below 1.1 mass ppm.
- the lower limit of content of Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and P is 0 mass ppm.
- the Fe content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- the Ni content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- the As content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Ag content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Sn content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Sb content is 0.1 mass ppm or more
- Pb content is 0.00. It is preferable that the content is 1 mass ppm or more, the Bi content is 0.1 mass ppm or more, and the P content is 0.1 mass ppm or more, but is not limited thereto.
- one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) form compounds with elements such as S, Se, and Te.
- RE rare earth elements
- the ratio Y / X of the total content of S, Se, Te (X mass ppm) and the total content of additive elements (Y mass ppm) is less than 0.5, the content of additive elements is insufficient. , S, Se, Te may not be sufficiently fixed.
- the ratio Y / X between the total content (X) of S, Se, and Te and the total content (Y) of the additive elements is defined within the range of 0.5 to 100. is doing.
- the lower limit of the ratio Y / X between the total content of S, Se, and Te and the total content of additive elements is 0.75 or more. It is preferable to set it to 1.0 or more.
- the upper limit of the ratio Y / X of the total content of S, Se, and Te to the total content of additive elements is preferably 75 or less, and 50 or less. More preferably.
- the lower limit value of the total content (X) of S, Se, and Te in the superconducting stabilizer 20 is preferably more than 0 ppm by mass, more preferably 0.1 ppm by mass or more, and more preferably 0. It is 5 mass ppm or more, and most preferably 1 mass ppm or more.
- the upper limit of the total content (X) of S, Se, and Te is preferably 25 ppm by mass or less, and more preferably 15 ppm by mass or less.
- the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the total content (X) of S, Se, and Te are not limited to this.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is set to 250 or more, so that the resistance value is low and current can be well bypassed at an extremely low temperature.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is preferably 280 or more, and more preferably 300 or more. More preferably, it is 400 or more.
- the upper limit of the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 5000 or less, more preferably 3000 or less, and 2000 or less in order to reliably suppress an increase in manufacturing cost. Although it is most preferable, it is not limited to this.
- the above-described superconducting stabilizer 20 is manufactured by a manufacturing process including a melt casting process, a plastic working process, and a heat treatment process.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 may be manufactured by manufacturing a rough drawn copper wire having the composition shown in the present embodiment by a continuous casting and rolling method (for example, SCR method) or the like.
- a continuous casting and rolling method for example, SCR method
- the continuous casting and rolling method used here refers to, for example, manufacturing copper roughing wire using a continuous casting and rolling facility equipped with a belt-wheel type continuous casting machine and a continuous rolling device, and using this copper roughing wire as a raw material, It is a process of manufacturing a wire.
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 is made of copper having a total concentration of inevitable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, of 5 ppm to 100 ppm. It is made of a copper material containing one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) within a total range of 3 ppm to 400 ppm by mass. For this reason, S, Se, and Te in copper are fixed as a compound, and it becomes possible to improve the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer 20.
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- the superconducting stabilizer 20 is in electrical contact with the strand 15 made of superconductor, a normal conduction region A in which the superconducting state is broken is generated in the strand 15 made of superconductor. Even in this case, the current can be reliably diverted to the superconducting stabilizer 20. Therefore, it can suppress that the whole superconducting wire 10 changes to a normal conduction state, and can use the superconducting wire 10 which is this embodiment stably. Furthermore, since the total concentration of unavoidable impurities excluding O, H, C, N, and S, which are gas components, is used, the copper is made to be 5 mass ppm to 100 mass ppm. Therefore, the manufacturing process is simplified, and the manufacturing cost of the superconducting stabilizer 20 can be reduced.
- the superconducting wire 10 in the present embodiment, the inner matrix of the copper material forming the superconducting stabilizer 20, CaS, CaSO 4, SrS , SrSO 4, BaS, BaSO 4, (RE) S , (RE) 2 SO 2 includes one or more compounds selected from two or more. For this reason, S, Se, and Te existing in the copper are securely fixed, and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer 20 can be improved. Moreover, since the above-mentioned compound has high thermal stability, the superconducting stabilizer 20 having a stable high residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be obtained even when heat-treated in a wide temperature range.
- the number density of the above-mentioned compound having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more is set to 0.001 / ⁇ m 2 or more, S, Se, Te can be reliably fixed as a compound, and superconductivity
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the stabilizing material 20 can be sufficiently improved.
- the Fe content is 10 mass ppm or less for the content of Fe, Ni, As, Ag, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, and P affecting the residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- the content is 10 mass ppm or less, the As content is 5 mass ppm or less, the Ag content is 50 mass ppm or less, the Sn content is 4 mass ppm or less, the Sb content is 4 mass ppm or less, and Pb
- the content is specified to be 6 mass ppm or less, the Bi content is 2 mass ppm or less, and the P content is 3 mass ppm or less. For this reason, it becomes possible to improve the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer 20 reliably.
- the ratio Y / X to the amount (Y mass ppm) is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ Y / X ⁇ 100.
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) of the superconducting stabilizer 20 is relatively high at 250 or more, the resistance value at an extremely low temperature is sufficiently low. Therefore, even when the normal conduction region A in which the superconducting state is broken occurs in the strand 15 made of a superconductor, the current can be reliably bypassed to the superconducting stabilizer 20.
- the superconducting coil of the present embodiment includes a winding frame and a winding part, and the winding part is the superconducting wire of the present embodiment wound around the peripheral surface of the winding frame.
- the core part 11 and the outer shell part 13 constituting the superconducting wire 10 may also be made of a copper material having the same composition as that of the superconducting stabilizer 20 according to the present embodiment.
- the filament 12 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the core portion 11 in a state of being in electrical contact with the core portion 11.
- the outer shell portion 13 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the filament 12 while being in electrical contact with the filament 12.
- the core part 11 and the superconducting stabilizer 20 of the filament 12 that contacts the core part 11 may be integrated.
- the outer shell 13 and the superconducting stabilizer 20 of the filament 12 that contacts the outer shell 13 may be integrated.
- the core part 11 and the outer shell part 13 are made of a copper material having the same composition as the superconducting stabilizer 20 and the core part 11 and the outer shell part 13 are in electrical contact with the filament 12, the core part 11 and the outer shell portion 13 function so as to exhibit the same action as the superconducting stabilizer 20 in the filament 12.
- the superconducting wire 10 having a structure in which a plurality of filaments 12 are bundled is described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a superconducting wire 110 having a structure in which a superconductor 115 and a superconducting stabilizer 120 are stacked on a tape-like base material 113 may be used. That is, the superconducting wire 110 may include a tape-like base material 113, a superconductor 115 and a superconducting stabilizer 120 stacked on the base material 113.
- the superconducting stabilizer 120 is laminated on or covers the superconductor 115 while in electrical contact with the superconductor 115.
- the form of the superconductor 115 of FIG. 3 is a sheet (plate)
- the form of the superconductor 115 may be a strip, a wire, or a bar.
- a superconducting wire 210 having a structure in which a plurality of filaments 12 are bundled and then incorporated into a channel member 220 made of pure copper may be used. That is, the superconducting wire 210 may include a channel member 220 having a recess and a bundle of a plurality of filaments 12 incorporated in the recess.
- the bundle of the plurality of filaments 12 may be, for example, the superconducting wire 10 shown in FIG.
- high-purity copper is melted in an inert gas atmosphere of Ar using an electric furnace, and thereafter, various additive elements and impurity mother alloys are added to prepare a predetermined concentration and cast into a predetermined mold.
- an ingot having a diameter of 65 mm and a length of 145 mm was obtained.
- a square member having a cross-sectional dimension of 23 mm ⁇ 23 mm was cut out and subjected to hot rolling at 800 ° C. to obtain a hot rolled wire with a diameter of 8 mm.
- a thin wire having a diameter of 2.0 mm was formed from the hot-rolled wire by cold drawing, and a heat treatment was performed by holding the wire at a temperature shown in Table 2 for 1 hour, thereby producing an evaluation wire.
- contamination of impurity elements was also observed during the melt casting process. Using these evaluation wires, the following items were evaluated.
- Composition analysis Using the sample whose residual resistance ratio (RRR) was measured, component analysis was performed as follows. For elements other than gas components, glow discharge mass spectrometry was used when the content was less than 10 ppm by mass, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy was used when the content was 10 ppm by mass or more. Moreover, the infrared absorption method was used for the analysis of S. The concentration of O was all 10 ppm by mass or less. For the analysis of O, an infrared absorption method was used.
- the major axis of the intermetallic compound (the length of the straight line that can be drawn the longest in the grain without contact with the grain boundary in the middle) and the minor axis (in the direction perpendicular to the major axis, the grain in the middle The average value of the length of the straight line that can be drawn the longest under conditions that do not contact the boundary).
- a composition is analyzed using EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and it is a compound containing Ca, Sr, Ba, rare earth elements (RE), and S. confirmed.
- Evaluation results are shown in Table 2. Moreover, the SEM observation result, the analysis result, and the electron beam diffraction result of the compound of this invention example 4 are shown in FIG. 5, The SEM observation result, the analysis result, and the electron beam diffraction result of the compound of this invention example 10 are shown in FIG.
- Comparative Example 1 one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) were not added, and CaS, CaSO 4 , SrS, There was no compound containing one or more selected from SrSO 4 , BaS, BaSO 4 , (RE) S, and (RE) 2 SO 2 , and the residual resistance ratio (RRR) was as low as 152.
- the total content of one or more additive elements selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, and rare earth elements (RE) is 886 mass ppm, which exceeds the range of the present embodiment, and is plastically processed. Cracks occurred inside. For this reason, residual resistance ratio (RRR) and structure
- the residual resistance ratio (RRR) is 250 or more, confirming that it is particularly suitable as a superconducting stabilizer. It was. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, when Ca was added, a compound containing CaS having a NaCl-type crystal structure was observed. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, when Sr was added, a compound containing SrS having a NaCl-type crystal structure was observed. From the above, according to the present invention, it has been confirmed that a superconducting wire provided with a superconducting stabilizer having a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR) can be provided according to the present invention. It was.
- the superconducting wire of the present invention includes a superconducting stabilizer, and this superconducting stabilizer can be manufactured at a relatively simple and inexpensive manufacturing process, and has a sufficiently high residual resistance ratio (RRR).
- RRR residual resistance ratio
- the superconducting wire and superconducting coil of the present invention are suitably used in MRI, NMR, particle accelerator, linear motor car, power storage device and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年4月6日に、日本に出願された特願2016-076900号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この超伝導線は、Nb-Ti、Nb3Snなどの超伝導体からなる複数の素線を、超伝導安定化材を介在させて束ねた多芯構造を有している。また、超伝導体と超伝導安定化材とを積層したテープ状の超伝導線も提供されている。さらに安定性と安全性を高めるために、純銅からなるチャンネル部材を備えた超伝導線も提供される。
特許文献1においては、99.999%以上の純度を有する銅材を温度650~800℃、不活性ガス雰囲気中で少なくとも30分以上加熱することにより、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)の銅材を得ることが記載されている。
特許文献2においては、特定の元素(Fe,P,Al,As,Sn及びS)の含有量が規定され不純物濃度が非常に低い高純度銅が提案されている。
また、特許文献3においては、酸素濃度の低い高純度銅にZrを微量添加したCu合金が提案されている。
ここで、特許文献1においては、99.999%以上の純度を有する純銅を用いて、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する純銅又は銅合金を製造する方法を示しているが、99.999%以上の純銅を原料として用いることで、製造コストが大幅に上昇してしまうといった問題点があった。
また、特許文献2においては、特定の元素(Fe,P,Al,As,Sn及びS)の含有量を0.1ppm未満に限定しているが、これらの元素を0.1ppm未満にまで低減することは容易ではなく、やはり製造プロセスが複雑となるといった問題があった。
さらに、特許文献3においては、酸素及びZrの含有量を規定しているが、酸素及びZrの含有量を制御することは難しく、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する銅合金を安定して製造することが困難であるといった問題があった。
さらに、最近では、従来にも増して高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する超伝導安定化材を備えた超伝導線が要求されている。
本発明の一態様に係る超伝導線は、超伝導体からなる素線と、この素線に接触して配置される超伝導安定化材と、を備えた超伝導線であって、前記超伝導安定化材は、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素を合計で3質量ppm以上400質量ppm以下の範囲内で含有し、残部がCu及び不可避不純物であるとともに、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く前記不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下である銅材からなり、母相内部に、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2から選択される1種又は2種以上を含む化合物が存在することを特徴としている。
なお、本発明の一態様において希土類元素(RE)とは、La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Sc,Yである。また、(RE)S,(RE)2SO2は、希土類元素(RE)とSを含む化合物である。超伝導線は、超伝導体からなる素線を複数本有してもよい。素線は、超伝導体のみからなってもよい。
また、前記超伝導安定化材においては、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下とされた銅を用いているので、過度に銅の高純度化を図る必要がなく、製造プロセスが簡易となり、製造コストを低減することができる。
なお、本発明の一態様において、上記の化合物は、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2のSの一部がTe,Seに置換されたものも含む。
不可避不純物の中でも、Fe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,Pといった特定不純物の元素は、残留抵抗比(RRR)を低下させる作用を有している。そこで、これらの元素の含有量を上述のように規定することで、確実に前記超伝導安定化材の残留抵抗比(RRR)を向上させることが可能となる。
この場合、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが上述の範囲内とされているので、銅中のS,Se,Teを、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2から選択される1種又は2種以上を含む化合物として確実に固定することができ、S,Se,Teによる残留抵抗比(RRR)の低下を確実に抑制することができる。
この場合、前記超伝導安定化材の残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上と比較的高いことから、極低温での抵抗値が十分に低く、超伝導体の超伝導状態が破れた際に電流を十分に迂回させることができ、超伝導体全体に常伝導状態が伝播してしまうことを抑制できる。
この構成の超伝導コイルにおいては、上述のように、高い残留抵抗比(RRR)を有する超伝導安定化材を備えた超伝導線を用いているので、安定して使用することが可能となる。
図1に示すように、本実施形態における超伝導線10は、コア部11と、このコア部11の外周側に配置された複数のフィラメント12と、これら複数のフィラメント12の外周側に配置される外殻部13と、を備えている。
ここで、図2に示すように、超伝導体からなる素線15の一部において超伝導状態が破れて常伝導領域Aが発生した場合に、超伝導安定化材20は、超伝導体からなる素線15を流れる電流Iを一時的に迂回させる。
なお、上述のCaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2においては、Sの一部がTe,Seに置換されていてもよい。Te,Seは、Sに比べて含有量が少量であることから、Te、Seが単独でCa,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)等と化合物を形成することが少なく、上述の化合物のSの一部を置換した状態で化合物を形成することになる。
また、本実施形態においては、超伝導安定化材20は、残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上とされている。
銅に含まれる不可避不純物のうちS,Se,Teは、銅中に固溶することによって残留抵抗比(RRR)を大きく低下させる元素である。このため、残留抵抗比(RRR)を向上させるためには、これらS,Se,Teの影響を排除する必要がある。
ここで、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、S,Se,Teと反応性が高い元素である。上記の添加元素が、S,Se,Teと化合物を生成することによって、これらS,Se,Teが銅中に固溶することを抑制することが可能となる。これにより、超伝導安定化材20の残留抵抗比(RRR)を十分に向上させることができる。
なお、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、銅中に固溶しにくい元素であり、さらに銅に固溶しても残留抵抗比(RRR)を低下させる作用が小さい。このため、S,Se,Teの含有量に対して上記の添加元素を過剰に添加した場合であっても、超伝導安定化材20の残留抵抗比(RRR)が大きく低下することはない。
なお、S,Se,Teを確実に固定するためには、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の含有量の合計の下限を3.5質量ppm以上とすることが好ましく、4.0質量ppm以上とすることがさらに好ましい。一方、加工性の低下を確実に抑制するためには、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の含有量の合計の上限を300質量ppm以下にすることが好ましく、100質量ppm以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
ガス成分(O,H,C,N,S)を除く不可避不純物については、その濃度を低くすることで残留抵抗比(RRR)が向上することになる。一方、不可避不純物の濃度を必要以上に低減しようとすると、製造プロセスが複雑となって製造コストが大幅に上昇してしまう。そこで、本実施形態では、ガス成分(O,H,C,N,S)を除く不可避不純物の濃度を総計で5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下の範囲内に設定している。
ガス成分(O,H,C,N,S)を除く不可避不純物の濃度を総計で5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下の範囲内とするために、原料としては、純度99~99.999質量%の高純度銅や無酸素銅(C10100,C10200)を用いることができる。ただし、Oが高濃度にあると、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)がOと反応してしまうため、O濃度を20質量ppm以下とすることが好ましく、O濃度は、更に好ましくは10質量ppm以下であり、最も好ましくは5質量ppm以下である。
なお、超伝導安定化材20の製造コストの上昇を確実に抑制するためには、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを含まない不可避不純物の下限を7質量ppm以上とすることが好ましく、10質量ppm超とすることがさらに好ましい。また、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを不可避不純物に加算した場合、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを含む不可避不純物の濃度の総計は、好ましくは10質量ppm超であり、更に好ましくは15質量ppm以上であり、最も好ましくは20質量ppm以上である。一方、超伝導安定化材20の残留抵抗比(RRR)を確実に向上させるためには、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを含まない不可避不純物の上限を90質量ppm以下とすることが好ましく、80質量ppm以下とすることがさらに好ましい。また、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを含む不可避不純物の上限を110質量ppm以下とすることが好ましい。
上述のように、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、S,Se,Teといった元素と化合物を生成することにより、S,Se,Teといった元素が銅中に固溶することを抑制している。
よって、母相内部に、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2から選択される1種又は2種以上を含む化合物(Sの一部がTe、Seに置換されたものを含む)が存在することにより、S、Se、Teが固定され、残留抵抗比(RRR)を確実に向上させることが可能となる。
なお、本実施形態においては、S,Se,Teといった元素の含有量が十分に少ないことから、上述の化合物(粒径0.1μm以上)の個数密度の上限は、0.1個/μm2以下となり、好ましくは0.09個/μm2以下であり、より好ましくは0.08個/μm2以下である。
不可避不純物のうちFe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,Pといった特定不純物の元素は、超伝導安定化材20の残留抵抗比(RRR)を低下させる作用を有することから、これらの元素の含有量をそれぞれ規定することで、超伝導安定化材20の残留抵抗比(RRR)の低下を確実に抑制することが可能となる。そこで、本実施形態では、Feの含有量を10質量ppm以下、Niの含有量を10質量ppm以下、Asの含有量を5質量ppm以下、Agの含有量を50質量ppm以下、Snの含有量を4質量ppm以下、Sbの含有量を4質量ppm以下、Pbの含有量を6質量ppm以下、Biの含有量を2質量ppm以下、Pの含有量を3質量ppm以下に規定している。
上述のように、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素は、S,Se,Teといった元素と化合物を生成することになる。ここで、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが0.5未満では、添加元素の含有量が不足し、S,Se,Teといった元素を十分に固定できなくなるおそれがある。一方、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xが100を超えると、S,Se,Teと反応しない余剰の添加元素が多く存在することになり、加工性が低下してしまうおそれがある。
以上のことから、本実施形態では、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X)と添加元素の合計含有量(Y)との比Y/Xを0.5以上100以下の範囲内に規定している。
なお、S,Se,Teといった元素を化合物として確実に固定するためには、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xの下限を0.75以上とすることが好ましく、1.0以上とすることがさらに好ましい。また、加工性の低下を確実に抑制するためには、S,Se,Teの合計含有量と添加元素の合計含有量との比Y/Xの上限を75以下とすることが好ましく、50以下とすることがさらに好ましい。
超伝導安定化材20におけるS,Se,Teの合計含有量(X)の下限値は、好ましくは0質量ppm超であり、さらに好ましくは0.1質量ppm以上であり、より好ましくは0.5質量ppm以上であり、最も好ましくは1質量ppm以上である。S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X)の上限値は、好ましくは25質量ppm以下であり、さらに好ましくは15質量ppm以下である。しかし、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X)の下限値及び上限値は、これに限定されない。
本実施形態における超伝導安定化材20においては、残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上とされていることから、極低温において、抵抗値が低く電流を良好に迂回させることが可能となる。残留抵抗比(RRR)は、280以上であることが好ましく、300以上であることがさらに好ましい。より好ましくは400以上である。残留抵抗比(RRR)の上限値は、好ましくは10000以下であり、さらに好ましくは5000以下であり、より好ましくは3000以下であり、製造コストの上昇を確実に抑制するためには2000以下とすることが最も好ましいが、これに限定されない。
なお、連続鋳造圧延法(例えばSCR法)等によって、本実施形態で示した組成の荒引銅線を製造し、これを素材として超伝導安定化材20を製造してもよい。この場合、超伝導安定化材20の生産効率が向上し、製造コストを大幅に低減することが可能となる。ここでいう連続鋳造圧延法とは、例えばベルト・ホイール式連続鋳造機と連続圧延装置とを備えた連続鋳造圧延設備を用いて、銅荒引線を製造し、この銅荒引線を素材として引抜銅線を製造する工程のことである。
さらに、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下とされた銅を用いているので、過度に銅の高純度化を図る必要がなく、製造プロセスが簡易となり、超伝導安定化材20の製造コストを低減することができる。
特に、本実施形態では、粒径0.1μm以上の上述の化合物の個数密度が0.001個/μm2以上とされているので、S,Se,Teを確実に化合物として固定でき、超伝導安定化材20の残留抵抗比(RRR)を十分に向上させることができる。
例えば、超伝導線10を構成するコア部11及び外殻部13についても、本実施形態である超伝導安定化材20と同様の組成の銅材によって構成してもよい。この場合、コア部11と電気的に接触した状態で、コア部11の外周側にフィラメント12が配置される。また、フィラメント12と電気的に接触した状態で、フィラメント12の外周側に外殻部13が配置される。例えば、コア部11と、コア部11に接触するフィラメント12の超伝導安定化材20とが一体となってもよい。また、外殻部13と、外殻部13に接触するフィラメント12の超伝導安定化材20とが一体となってもよい。
コア部11及び外殻部13が超伝導安定化材20と同様の組成の銅材からなり、かつコア部11及び外殻部13がフィラメント12と電気的に接触した状態である場合、コア部11及び外殻部13は、フィラメント12における超伝導安定化材20と同様の作用を発揮するように機能する。
例えば図3に示すように、テープ状の基材113の上に超伝導体115及び超伝導安定化材120を積層配置した構造の超伝導線110であってもよい。すなわち、超伝導線110は、テープ状の基材113と、基材113上に積層された超伝導体115及び超伝導安定化材120と、を備えてもよい。超伝導安定化材120は、超伝導体115と電気的に接触した状態で、超伝導体115上に積層されるか又は超伝導体115を被覆している。図3の超伝導体115の形態は板(sheet、plate)であるが、超伝導体115の形態は、条(strip)、線(wire)、又は棒(bar)であってもよい。
さらに、図4に示すように、複数のフィラメント12を束ねた後、純銅からなるチャンネル部材220に組み込んだ構造の超伝導線210であってもよい。すなわち、超伝導線210は、窪み部を有するチャンネル部材220と、窪み部に組み込まれた複数のフィラメント12の束と、を備えてもよい。複数のフィラメント12の束は、例えば、図1に示された超伝導線10でもよい。
本実施例では、研究室実験として、純度99.9質量%以上99.9999質量%以下の高純度銅及びCa,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)の母合金を原料として用いて、表1に記載の組成となるように調整した。また、Fe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,P及びその他の不純物については、純度99.9質量%以上のFe,Ni,As,Ag,Sn,Sb,Pb,Bi,Pと純度99.99質量%の純銅とから各々の元素の母合金を作成し、その母合金を用いて組成を調整した。なお、本発明例18においては、希土類元素(RE)としてミッシュメタル(MM)を添加した。
なお、本実施例では、溶解鋳造の過程において不純物元素の混入も認められた。
これらの評価用線材を用いて、以下の項目について評価した。
四端子法にて、293Kでの電気比抵抗(ρ293K)および液体ヘリウム温度(4.2K)での電気比抵抗(ρ4.2K)を測定し、RRR=ρ293K/ρ4.2Kを算出した。なお、端子間距離が100mmの条件で測定を行った。
残留抵抗比(RRR)を測定したサンプルを用いて、成分分析を以下のようにして実施した。ガス成分を除く元素について、含有量が10質量ppm未満の場合はグロー放電質量分析法を用い、含有量が10質量ppm以上の場合は誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法を用いた。また、Sの分析には赤外線吸収法を用いた。Oの濃度は全て10質量ppm以下であった。なお、Oの分析は赤外線吸収法を用いた。
SEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)を用いて粒子を観察し、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)を実施した。化合物の分散状態が特異ではない領域について20,000倍(観察視野:20μm2)で観察した。50視野(観察視野:1000μm2)の撮影を行った。
金属間化合物の粒径については、金属間化合物の長径(途中で粒界に接しない条件で粒内に最も長く引ける直線の長さ)と短径(長径と直角に交わる方向で、途中で粒界に接しない条件で最も長く引ける直線の長さ)の平均値とした。そして、粒径0.1μm以上の化合物について、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)を用いて組成を分析し、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)とSを含む化合物であることを確認した。
さらに、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて電子線回折を行い、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2化合物を同定した。これらの化合物の内CaS,SrS,BaS,(RE)SはNaCl型、CaSO4はCePO4型、SrSO4,BaSO4はBaSO4型、(RE)2SO2はCe2SO2型の結晶構造を有することを確認した。
なお、表2の「化合物の有無」の欄においては、上述の観察の結果、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2の化合物が確認された場合を「○」、確認されなかった場合を「×」と表記した。
比較例2は、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の合計含有量が886質量ppmと本実施形態の範囲を超えており、塑性加工中に割れが生じた。このため、残留抵抗比(RRR)及び組織観察を実施しなかった。
また、図5に示すように、Caを添加した場合には、NaCl型の結晶構造を有するCaSを含む化合物が観察された。
さらに、図6に示すように、Srを添加した場合には、NaCl型の結晶構造を有するSrSを含む化合物が観察された。
以上のことから、本発明によれば、製造プロセスが比較的簡単で廉価で製造でき、残留抵抗比(RRR)が十分に高い超伝導安定化材を備えた超伝導線を提供できることが確認された。
20、120 超伝導安定化材
Claims (5)
- 超伝導体からなる素線と、この素線に接触して配置される超伝導安定化材と、を備えた超伝導線であって、
前記超伝導安定化材は、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素を合計で3質量ppm以上400質量ppm以下の範囲内で含有し、残部がCu及び不可避不純物であるとともに、ガス成分であるO,H,C,N,Sを除く前記不可避不純物の濃度の総計が5質量ppm以上100質量ppm以下である銅材からなり、母相内部に、CaS,CaSO4,SrS,SrSO4,BaS,BaSO4,(RE)S,(RE)2SO2から選択される1種又は2種以上を含む化合物が存在することを特徴とする超伝導線。 - 前記超伝導安定化材は、前記不可避不純物であるFeの含有量が10質量ppm以下、Niの含有量が10質量ppm以下、Asの含有量が5質量ppm以下、Agの含有量が50質量ppm以下、Snの含有量が4質量ppm以下、Sbの含有量が4質量ppm以下、Pbの含有量が6質量ppm以下、Biの含有量が2質量ppm以下、Pの含有量が3質量ppm以下である前記銅材からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の超伝導線。
- 前記超伝導安定化材は、S,Se,Teの合計含有量(X質量ppm)と、Ca,Sr,Ba,希土類元素(RE)から選択される1種又は2種以上の添加元素の合計含有量(Y質量ppm)との比Y/Xが、0.5≦Y/X≦100の範囲内である前記銅材からなることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の超伝導線。
- 前記超伝導安定化材の残留抵抗比(RRR)が250以上であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の超伝導線。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の超伝導線が巻枠の周面に巻回されてなる巻線部を備えた構造を有することを特徴とする超伝導コイル。
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TWI749003B (zh) | 2021-12-11 |
US10971278B2 (en) | 2021-04-06 |
JP6299803B2 (ja) | 2018-03-28 |
EP3441486A4 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
JP2017186622A (ja) | 2017-10-12 |
EP3441486A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 |
US20190066865A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
CN108603251B (zh) | 2021-07-30 |
CN108603251A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
KR102291887B1 (ko) | 2021-08-19 |
EP3441486B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 |
TW201809301A (zh) | 2018-03-16 |
KR20180127331A (ko) | 2018-11-28 |
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