WO2017175681A1 - 電動機装置 - Google Patents

電動機装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017175681A1
WO2017175681A1 PCT/JP2017/013682 JP2017013682W WO2017175681A1 WO 2017175681 A1 WO2017175681 A1 WO 2017175681A1 JP 2017013682 W JP2017013682 W JP 2017013682W WO 2017175681 A1 WO2017175681 A1 WO 2017175681A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power source
electric motor
period
voltage
switching elements
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PCT/JP2017/013682
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
政道 名和
Original Assignee
株式会社 豊田自動織機
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社 豊田自動織機 filed Critical 株式会社 豊田自動織機
Priority to CN201780021029.XA priority Critical patent/CN109121460B/zh
Priority to US16/090,982 priority patent/US10574168B2/en
Priority to EP17779060.7A priority patent/EP3442112A4/en
Publication of WO2017175681A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017175681A1/ja

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/12—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation pulsing by guiding the flux vector, current vector or voltage vector on a circle or a closed curve, e.g. for direct torque control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H02M7/53876—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output based on synthesising a desired voltage vector via the selection of appropriate fundamental voltage vectors, and corresponding dwelling times
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/22—Current control, e.g. using a current control loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0064—Magnetic structures combining different functions, e.g. storage, filtering or transformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
    • H02P2209/01—Motors with neutral point connected to the power supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
    • H02P2209/13—Different type of waveforms depending on the mode of operation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric motor device.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses an electric motor device that performs boost control by connecting a battery to a neutral point of a stator coil. In addition, the motor device opens a switch provided between the battery and the neutral point when defective.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor device that can perform electric motor driving and transformation driving between two power sources together, and can easily perform only electric motor driving.
  • An electric motor device that solves the above problem includes an electric motor configured to be rotationally driven by polyphase AC power, a positive electrode bus, and a negative electrode bus, and is configured to supply polyphase AC power to the electric motor.
  • An inverter circuit having an plurality of switching element pairs each composed of an upper arm side switching element and a lower arm side switching element connected in series, and connected to the positive electrode bus and the negative electrode bus
  • a first power source, a second power source connected to the negative electrode bus and a neutral point of the motor, a target torque is output from the motor, and the voltage of the second power source is transformed to change the first power source.
  • each switching element pair of the inverter circuit is controlled by a control cycle.
  • the control unit includes a first period in which all upper arm side switching elements are turned on and all lower arm side switching elements are turned off, and all upper arm side switching elements are turned off and all lower arm side elements are turned off.
  • the plurality of drive modes include the first period and the second period in one control cycle during driving of the electric motor, so that both driving modes for performing electric motor driving and transformation driving are performed, and driving of the electric motor An electric motor drive mode in which only the electric motor is driven by not including the first period and the second period in one control cycle.
  • (A) is a switching pattern (waveform generation pattern) in space vector PWM control in both drive modes, and (b) is a vector diagram in both drive modes.
  • (A) is a switching pattern (waveform generation pattern) in space vector PWM control in both drive modes, and (b) is a vector diagram in both drive modes.
  • (A) is a switching pattern (waveform generation pattern) in space vector PWM control in the motor drive mode, and (b) is a vector diagram in the motor drive mode.
  • (A) is a switching pattern (waveform generation pattern) in space vector PWM control in the transforming drive mode, and (b) is a vector diagram in the transforming drive mode.
  • the electric motor device 10 shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a vehicle.
  • the electric motor device 10 includes an inverter circuit 20, an electric motor 30, a first power supply 40, a second power supply 50, a control unit 70, and voltage sensors 80 and 81.
  • the first power source 40 is a DC power source, for example, a 48-volt on-board battery.
  • the first power supply 40 is connected to the positive electrode bus Lp and the negative electrode bus Ln of the inverter circuit 20. That is, the positive electrode of the first power supply 40 is connected to the positive electrode bus Lp, and the negative electrode of the first power supply 40 is connected to the negative electrode bus Ln.
  • the electric motor 30 is a three-phase motor and is driven to rotate by three-phase AC power as multiphase AC power.
  • the electric motor 30 has three stator coils 31, 32, and 33, and the stator coils 31, 32, and 33 are star-connected.
  • the electric motor 30 has a neutral point A.
  • the inverter circuit 20 is configured to supply three-phase AC power as multiphase AC power to the electric motor 30.
  • the inverter circuit 20 includes switching elements S1 and S2 constituting upper and lower arms for U phase, switching elements S3 and S4 constituting upper and lower arms for V phase, and switching constituting upper and lower arms for W phase. It has elements S5 and S6. IGBTs are used as the switching elements S1 to S6, and diodes (D1 to D6) are connected in antiparallel to the switching elements S1 to S6. Between the positive electrode bus Lp and the negative electrode bus Ln, switching elements S1, S2 are connected in series, switching elements S3, S4 are connected in series, and switching elements S5, S6 are connected in series.
  • a portion between the switching elements S1 and S2 is connected to one end of the coil 31 of the three-phase motor 30.
  • a portion between the switching elements S3 and S4 is connected to one end of the coil 32 of the three-phase motor 30.
  • a portion between the switching elements S5 and S6 is connected to one end of the coil 33 of the three-phase motor 30.
  • the inverter circuit 20 includes a plurality of switching element pairs (in detail, including the upper arm side switching elements S1, S3, S5 and the lower arm side switching elements S2, S4, S6 connected in series with each other). 3).
  • a capacitor 60 that connects the positive electrode bus Lp and the negative electrode bus Ln is provided closer to the first power supply 40 than the switching elements S1 to S6.
  • the second power source 50 is a DC power source, for example, a 12-volt on-board battery. That is, the first power supply 40 is a high-voltage battery that has a higher voltage than the second power supply 50.
  • the second power supply 50 is connected to the negative electrode bus Ln of the inverter circuit 20 and the neutral point A of the electric motor 30. Specifically, the positive electrode of the second power supply 50 is connected to the neutral point A of the electric motor 30, and the negative electrode of the second power supply 50 is connected to the negative electrode bus Ln.
  • the control unit 70 has a drive circuit 71 and a controller 72.
  • the drive circuit 71 is connected to the gate electrodes of the switching elements S1 to S6.
  • the controller 72 may include, for example, a control circuit, specifically, one or more dedicated hardware circuits such as an ASIC, one or more processors that operate according to a computer program (software), or a combination thereof.
  • the processor includes a CPU and a memory such as a RAM and a ROM, and the memory stores program codes or instructions configured to cause the CPU to execute processing.
  • Memory or computer readable media includes any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
  • the controller 72 turns the switching elements S1 to S6 on and off via the drive circuit 71.
  • the DC power from the first power supply 40 is converted into AC power by the switching operation of the switching elements S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, and the coils 31, 32, and 33 are star-connected as a multiphase motor.
  • the three-phase motor 30 is supplied. That is, space vector PWM control is performed by an inverter (inverter circuit 20, control unit 70, etc.).
  • the controller 72 can detect a torque command value (or torque estimated value) and a rotational speed command value (or rotational speed estimated value) by inputting a torque command signal and a rotational speed command signal.
  • voltage sensors 80 and 81 are connected to the controller 72.
  • the voltage sensor 80 detects the voltage between the terminals of the first power supply 40.
  • the voltage sensor 81 detects the voltage between the terminals of the second power supply 50.
  • the controller 72 detects the voltage between the terminals of the first power supply 40 and the voltage between the terminals of the second power supply 50 based on signals from the voltage sensors 80 and 81.
  • the controller 72 detects the charging state (charging rate) of the first power supply 40 using the voltage between the terminals of the first power supply 40 and also charges the second power supply 50 using the voltage between the terminals of the second power supply 50 ( Charge rate).
  • the controller 72 detects the open voltage of the second power supply 50 (the voltage between the terminals of the second power supply 50 in the no-load state: open circuit voltage) from the voltage between the terminals of the second power supply 50. It is determined whether or not the two power sources 50 are fully charged.
  • the control unit 70 operates in both drive modes shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) or 3 (a) and 3 (b), and in the motor drive mode shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
  • FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are configured so as to be able to set the transformer drive mode (step-up / step-down drive mode) shown in FIG.
  • the control unit 70 outputs the target torque from the electric motor 30 and the second power source 50.
  • the control unit 70 In order to charge the first power supply 40 by stepping up (transforming) the voltage of the first power supply 40, or charging the second power supply 50 by stepping down (transforming) the voltage of the first power supply 40, each switching of the inverter circuit 20 is performed.
  • the element pair (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6) is controlled for each control period.
  • the control unit 70 also includes a first period in which all the upper arm side switching elements S1, S3, S5 are turned on and all the lower arm side switching elements S2, S4, S6 are turned off, and all the upper arm side switching elements Boosting from the second power supply 50 to the first power supply 40 by adjusting the ratio with the second period in which the switching elements S1, S3, S5 are turned off and all the lower arm switching elements S2, S4, S6 are turned on.
  • the ratio (transformation ratio) or the step-down ratio (transformation ratio) from the first power supply 40 to the second power supply 50 can be adjusted.
  • the control unit 70 includes the first period and the second period in one control cycle during the driving of the electric motor 30, thereby performing the electric motor driving and the transformer driving (step-up / down driving).
  • the controller 72 monitors the charging state of the first power source 40 and the charging state of the second power source 50, and charges the other power source with one power source according to these charging states. That is, the controller 72 boosts the voltage of the second power supply 50 to charge the first power supply 40 when the charging rate of the first power supply 40 is low, and charges the voltage of the first power supply 40 when the charging rate of the second power supply 50 is low. And the second power supply 50 is charged.
  • control unit 70 does not include the first period and the second period in one control cycle while the motor 30 is being driven. Only drive.
  • the control unit 70 does not drive the motor 30, and the first period and the second period within one control cycle. Is included.
  • the control unit 70 is configured to be able to switch between the two drive modes, the motor drive mode, and the transform drive mode for each control cycle. That is, the control unit 70 is configured to select one from a plurality of drive modes for each control cycle. And the control part 70 performs the process shown in FIG. 6, and switches both drive mode, an electric motor drive mode, and a transformation drive mode (step-up / down drive mode) according to the condition of the 2nd power supply 50 and the electric motor 30.
  • the timing at which the upper arm side switching elements S1, S3, and S5 fall from on to off, and the lower arm side A delay may be provided so that the timing when the switching elements S2, S4, S6 rise from off to on does not coincide with each other.
  • a delay is applied so that the timing at which the upper arm side switching elements S1, S3, S5 rise from off to on and the timing at which the lower arm side switching elements S2, S4, S6 fall from on to off do not coincide. It may be provided.
  • a low voltage second power source 50 is connected to the neutral point A of the electric motor 30, and the coils 31, 32, 33 of the electric motor 30 are used as the step-up / step-down inductor, thereby realizing a transformer circuit (step-up / step-down circuit).
  • the control method switching method is devised to allow step-up and step-down during motor drive.
  • the positive electrode of the low-voltage second power supply 50 is connected to the neutral point A of the electric motor 30.
  • the negative electrode of the low-voltage second power supply 50 is the same as the negative electrode of the high-voltage first power supply 40.
  • D / (D-1) is the transformation ratio (step-up ratio, step-down ratio).
  • D is a duty ratio for the ON time of the zero voltage vector V0 and the ON time of the zero voltage vector V7.
  • the inverter performs step-up / step-down (transformation) by adjusting the duty ratio of the upper and lower switching elements S1, S3, S5, S2, S4, and S6. That is, by adjusting the ratio between the first period and the second period, the step-up ratio from the second power source 50 to the first power source 40 or the step-down ratio from the first power source 40 to the second power source 50 is adjusted. Driving is performed. Therefore, the step-up / step-down switch and the inductor can be omitted in the inverter circuit 20, resulting in a small and low-cost system.
  • the zero voltage vector V0 and the zero voltage vector V7 have functions of step-up and step-down, for example, voltage vectors V4 and V5. Is applied to the motor 30 as a voltage for driving the motor. At this time, a combined vector B1 which is the sum of the voltage vectors V4 and V5 is a voltage applied to the motor 30.
  • the output voltage obtained by the switching shown in FIG. 2 (a) and the output voltage obtained by the switching shown in FIG. 3 (a) are the same as shown in FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. 3 (b). Further, the effect of the step-up / step-down obtained by the switching shown in FIG. 2A is the same as the effect of the step-up / step-down obtained by the switching shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 4A shows an example of PWM control when only the motor 30 is driven in the motor drive mode.
  • the ON period of the switching element is adjusted to eliminate the period in which the zero voltage vector V0 is generated and the period in which the zero voltage vector V7 is generated. Only the electric motor 30 can be driven.
  • the combined vector B1 that is the sum of the voltage vectors V4 and V5 shown in FIG. 2B is the same as the combined vector B2 that is the sum of the voltage vectors V4 and V5 shown in FIG.
  • the voltage applied to the electric motor 30 due to this is the same as the voltage applied to the electric motor 30 due to the combined vector B2.
  • FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) show the case of the transformation drive mode in which only the step-up / step-down is performed, and only the zero voltage vector V0 and the zero voltage vector V7 may be used. In this transformer drive mode, no torque is generated in the electric motor 30 and the voltage can be increased or decreased.
  • the controller 72 determines the state of the second power supply 50 in step S100, that is, determines whether the second power supply 50 is normal (whether a failure has occurred). Specifically, the controller 72 determines whether or not the voltage value between the terminals of the second power supply 50 obtained by the voltage sensor 81 when a voltage is applied is lower than a predetermined threshold value. Then, the controller 72 determines that the second power supply 50 is normal when the voltage value between the terminals of the second power supply 50 is higher than a predetermined threshold value. On the other hand, if the inter-terminal voltage value of the second power supply 50 is lower than a predetermined threshold value, the controller 72 determines that the second power supply 50 has failed.
  • the controller 72 determines the charging state of the second power source 50 in step S101, that is, determines whether the second power source 50 is being charged or fully charged. Specifically, the controller 72 determines whether the open-circuit voltage value of the second power supply 50 exceeds a predetermined full charge threshold or is less than a predetermined full charge threshold. And the controller 72 determines with full charge, when the open circuit voltage value of the 2nd power supply 50 has exceeded the predetermined full charge threshold value. On the other hand, the controller 72 determines that charging is being performed when the open circuit voltage value of the second power supply 50 is less than a predetermined full charge threshold.
  • the controller 72 determines in step S102 whether the efficiency of the electric motor 30 is normal or an operation mode in a region where the efficiency is low. Specifically, the controller 72 takes in the torque command value and the rotational speed command value, and the efficiency of the electric motor 30 is within a normal range from a three-dimensional map (a map in which the torque command value, the rotational speed command value and the efficiency are defined in advance). Or the low efficiency region.
  • the controller 72 sets both drive modes in step S103. Further, the controller 72 sets the motor drive mode in step S104 if the second power supply 50 is broken or the second power supply 50 is fully charged. Further, if the second power source 50 is normal, the second power source 50 is being charged, and the operation mode is in a region where the efficiency of the electric motor 30 is low, the controller 72 determines that torque is not required, and in step S105, the controller 72 performs the transformation drive mode (elevating / lowering). Set the pressure drive mode.
  • the controller 72 sets an electric motor drive mode in which the second power source 50 fails or when the second power source 50 is in a fully charged state, it is not necessary to pass a current to the second power source 50.
  • the controller 72 is operated in a region where the efficiency of the electric motor 30 is low, it is not necessary to flow a current for torque to the electric motor 30. It can be set.
  • the failure determination is performed using the voltage sensor 81, the current flowing through the electric motor 30 may be detected, and if the current value is smaller than the threshold value, it may be determined that the second power source 50 is defective. According to the above embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.
  • the electric motor apparatus 10 includes an electric motor 30 that is rotationally driven by three-phase AC power as multiphase AC power, and an inverter circuit 20 that is configured to supply the electric motor 30 with three-phase AC power as multiphase AC power. And comprising.
  • the inverter circuit 20 includes a plurality (in detail, three) of switching element pairs including upper arm side switching elements S1, S3, S5 and lower arm side switching elements S2, S4, S6 connected in series with each other. Have.
  • the electric motor device 10 includes a first power source 40 connected to the positive electrode bus Lp and the negative electrode bus Ln of the inverter circuit 20, and a first power source connected to the neutral point A of the negative electrode bus Ln of the inverter circuit 20 and the electric motor 30.
  • the target torque is output from the two power sources 50 and the electric motor 30, and the voltage of the second power source 50 is increased (transformed) to charge the first power source 40, or the voltage of the first power source 40 is decreased (transformed).
  • a control unit 70 is provided for controlling each switching element pair (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6) of the inverter circuit 20 for each control period.
  • the control unit 70 includes a first period in which all the upper arm side switching elements S1, S3, S5 are turned on and all the lower arm side switching elements S2, S4, S6 are turned off, and all the upper arm side switching elements.
  • the voltage is boosted from the second power supply 50 to the first power supply 40.
  • the ratio (transformation ratio) or the step-down ratio (transformation ratio) from the first power supply 40 to the second power supply 50 is adjusted, and one is selected from a plurality of drive modes for each control cycle. Is done.
  • the plurality of drive modes include the first period and the second period in one control cycle during the driving of the electric motor 30, so that both the driving mode for performing the electric motor driving and the transformation driving (step-up / down driving), the electric motor 30.
  • the motor drive mode performs only motor drive.
  • motor drive and transformer drive can be performed.
  • the electric motor device 10 can perform a voltage transformation drive (step-up / step-down drive) between two power sources together with the electric motor drive, and can easily perform only the electric motor drive.
  • the plurality of drive modes further include a transform drive mode (step-up / step-down drive mode) including the first period and the second period within one control cycle without driving the electric motor 30, and the control unit 70 includes: Depending on the situation of the second power supply 50 and the electric motor 30, one is selected from a plurality of drive modes for each control cycle. Therefore, the electric motor device 10 can easily perform the electric motor drive and the transformer drive between the two power sources, only the motor drive, and only the transformer drive (step-up / down drive) depending on the situation of the second power source 50 and the motor 30. it can.
  • a transform drive mode step-up / step-down drive mode
  • the state of the second power source 50 includes a state regarding whether or not the second power source 50 has failed, it is possible to drive only the motor when the second power source 50 has failed.
  • the first power supply 40 is practical because it is a high-voltage battery having a higher voltage than the second power supply 50.
  • the embodiment is not limited to the above, and may be embodied as follows, for example.
  • the control unit 70 selects one from a plurality of drive modes according to the situation of the second power supply 50, but even if one is selected from a plurality of drive modes according to the situation of the first power supply 40 Good.
  • the number of phases of the electric motor 30 can be other than three.
  • the voltage range of the first power supply 40 and the second power supply 50 is 12 volts, 24 volts, 48 volts, etc., so long as the negative electrode of the first power supply 40 and the negative electrode of the second power supply 50 can be shared. I do not care.
  • the second power source 50 has a lower voltage than the first power source 40, but the second power source 50 may have a higher voltage than the first power source 40.
  • the first power source 40 and the second power source 50 may be secondary batteries or capacitors.
  • the switching elements S1 to S6 are not limited to IGBTs, and may be power MOSFETs, for example.

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Abstract

電動機装置は制御部を備える。制御部は、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子がオンになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子がオフになる第１期間と、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子がオフになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子がオンになる第２期間との比率を調整することによって、変圧比を調整するように構成されるとともに、制御周期毎に複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成される。複数の駆動モードは、電動機の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含む両駆動モードと、電動機の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含まない電動機駆動モードとを有する。

Description

電動機装置
　本発明は、電動機装置に関するものである。
　電動機装置において、直流電源による直流をインバータで交流に変換して電動機に供給する際に、インバータの前段に配置された、スイッチとインダクタとで構成される変圧回路によって、直流を変圧する技術がある。このようなシステムでは非常に高価で体格も大きなスイッチやインダクタが必要になる。これに対し、特許文献１は、ステータコイルの中性点にバッテリを接続し昇圧制御を行う電動機装置を開示している。また、当該電動機装置は、不良時にはバッテリと中性点との間に設けたスイッチを開く。
特開２００９－１１８６３３号公報
　電動機駆動中にも変圧動作を行うことが必要な場合もあれば、電動機駆動のみを行うことが必要な場合もある。また、特許文献１に開示の技術では不良時にスイッチを開ける必要があった。
　本発明の目的は、電動機駆動と２つの電源間の変圧駆動を一緒に行うことができ、電動機駆動のみも容易に行うことができる電動機装置を提供することにある。
　上記課題を解決する電動機装置は、多相交流電力により回転駆動するように構成された電動機と、正極母線と負極母線とを有し、前記電動機に多相交流電力を供給するように構成されたインバータ回路であって、互いに直列に接続された上アーム側スイッチング素子と下アーム側スイッチング素子とから構成されるスイッチング素子対を複数有するインバータ回路と、前記正極母線と前記負極母線とに接続された第１電源と、前記負極母線と前記電動機の中性点とに接続された第２電源と、前記電動機から目標トルクを出力させるとともに、前記第２電源の電圧を変圧して前記第１電源を充電すること、または前記第１電源の電圧を変圧して前記第２電源を充電することを行うべく、前記インバータ回路の各スイッチング素子対を制御周期毎に制御するように構成された制御部と、を備える。前記制御部は、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子がオンになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子がオフになる第１期間と、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子がオフになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子がオンになる第２期間との比率を調整することによって、前記第２電源から前記第１電源への変圧比または前記第１電源から前記第２電源への変圧比を調整するように構成されるとともに、前記制御周期毎に複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成される。前記複数の駆動モードは、前記電動機の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に前記第１期間及び前記第２期間を含むことで、電動機駆動と変圧駆動とを行う両駆動モードと、前記電動機の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に前記第１期間及び前記第２期間を含まないことで、電動機駆動のみを行う電動機駆動モードとを有する。
実施形態における電動機装置の電気的構成図。 （ａ）は両駆動モード時の空間ベクトルＰＷＭ制御でのスイッチングパターン（波形生成パターン）、（ｂ）は両駆動モード時のベクトル図。 （ａ）は両駆動モード時の空間ベクトルＰＷＭ制御でのスイッチングパターン（波形生成パターン）、（ｂ）は両駆動モード時のベクトル図。 （ａ）は電動機駆動モード時の空間ベクトルＰＷＭ制御でのスイッチングパターン（波形生成パターン）、（ｂ）は電動機駆動モード時のベクトル図。 （ａ）は変圧駆動モード時の空間ベクトルＰＷＭ制御でのスイッチングパターン（波形生成パターン）、（ｂ）は変圧駆動モード時のベクトル図。 作用を説明するためのフローチャート。
　以下、本発明を具体化した一実施形態を図面に従って説明する。
　図１に示す電動機装置１０は車両に搭載される。電動機装置１０は、インバータ回路２０と電動機３０と第１電源４０と第２電源５０と制御部７０と電圧センサ８０，８１を備えている。
　第１電源４０は、直流電源であり、例えば４８ボルトの車載バッテリである。第１電源４０は、インバータ回路２０の正極母線Ｌｐと負極母線Ｌｎとに接続されている。つまり、第１電源４０の正極が正極母線Ｌｐに接続されるとともに第１電源４０の負極が負極母線Ｌｎと接続されている。
　電動機３０は３相モータであって、多相交流電力としての３相交流電力により回転駆動する。電動機３０は３つのステータコイル３１，３２，３３を有し、ステータコイル３１，３２，３３はスター結線されている。電動機３０は中性点Ａを有する。
　インバータ回路２０は、電動機３０に多相交流電力としての３相交流電力を供給するように構成されている。インバータ回路２０は、Ｕ相用の上下のアームを構成するスイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ２と、Ｖ相用の上下のアームを構成するスイッチング素子Ｓ３，Ｓ４と、Ｗ相用の上下のアームを構成するスイッチング素子Ｓ５，Ｓ６を有する。スイッチング素子Ｓ１～Ｓ６としてＩＧＢＴが使用され、各スイッチング素子Ｓ１～Ｓ６にはダイオード（Ｄ１～Ｄ６）が逆並列接続されている。正極母線Ｌｐと負極母線Ｌｎとの間において、スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ２が直列に接続され、スイッチング素子Ｓ３，Ｓ４が直列に接続され、スイッチング素子Ｓ５，Ｓ６が直列に接続されている。スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ２間の箇所が３相電動機３０のコイル３１の一端と接続されている。スイッチング素子Ｓ３，Ｓ４間の箇所が３相電動機３０のコイル３２の一端と接続されている。スイッチング素子Ｓ５，Ｓ６間の箇所が３相電動機３０のコイル３３の一端と接続されている。
　このように、インバータ回路２０は、互いに直列に接続された上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５と下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６とから構成されるスイッチング素子対を複数（詳細には、３つ）有する。また、正極母線Ｌｐと負極母線Ｌｎとを接続するコンデンサ６０が、スイッチング素子Ｓ１～Ｓ６よりも第１電源４０の近くに設けられている。
　第２電源５０は、直流電源であり、例えば１２ボルトの車載バッテリである。即ち、第１電源４０は第２電源５０と比較して高圧である高圧バッテリである。第２電源５０は、インバータ回路２０の負極母線Ｌｎと電動機３０の中性点Ａとに接続されている。詳しくは、第２電源５０の正極が電動機３０の中性点Ａに接続されるとともに第２電源５０の負極が負極母線Ｌｎと接続されている。
　制御部７０はドライブ回路７１とコントローラ７２を有する。ドライブ回路７１は各スイッチング素子Ｓ１～Ｓ６のゲート電極と接続されている。コントローラ７２は、例えば制御回路、具体的には、ＡＳＩＣ等の１つ以上の専用のハードウェア回路、コンピュータプログラム（ソフトウェア）に従って動作する１つ以上のプロセッサ、或いはそれらの組み合わせを含み得る。プロセッサは、ＣＰＵ並びに、ＲＡＭ及びＲＯＭ等のメモリを含み、メモリは、処理をＣＰＵに実行させるように構成されたプログラムコードまたは指令を格納している。メモリすなわちコンピュータ可読媒体は、汎用または専用のコンピュータでアクセスできるあらゆる利用可能な媒体を含む。コントローラ７２は、ドライブ回路７１を介して各スイッチング素子Ｓ１～Ｓ６をオンオフする。つまり、スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ２，Ｓ３，Ｓ４，Ｓ５，Ｓ６のスイッチング動作により第１電源４０からの直流電力を交流電力に変換してコイル３１，３２，３３がスター結線された多相電動機としての３相電動機３０に供給する。すなわち、インバータ（インバータ回路２０、制御部７０等）により空間ベクトルＰＷＭ制御が行われる。コントローラ７２はトルク指令信号及び回転数指令信号を入力してトルク指令値（もしくはトルク推定値）及び回転数指令値（もしくは回転数推定値）を検知することができるようになっている。また、コントローラ７２には電圧センサ８０，８１が接続されている。電圧センサ８０は第１電源４０の端子間電圧を検出する。電圧センサ８１は第２電源５０の端子間電圧を検出する。コントローラ７２は電圧センサ８０，８１からの信号により第１電源４０の端子間電圧及び第２電源５０の端子間電圧を検知する。また、コントローラ７２は第１電源４０の端子間電圧を用いて第１電源４０の充電状態（充電率）を検知するとともに第２電源５０の端子間電圧を用いて第２電源５０の充電状態（充電率）を検知する。さらに、コントローラ７２は第２電源５０の端子間電圧から第２電源５０の開放電圧（無負荷状態での第２電源５０の端子間電圧：開回路電圧）を検知しており、これにより、第２電源５０が満充電であるか否かを判断することになる。
　制御部７０は、図２（ａ）及び図２（ｂ）あるいは図３（ａ）及び図３（ｂ）に示す両駆動モード、図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）に示す電動機駆動モード、図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）に示す変圧駆動モード（昇降圧駆動モード）を設定可能に構成されている。
　図２（ａ）及び図２（ｂ）あるいは図３（ａ）及び図３（ｂ）に示す両駆動モードにおいては、制御部７０は、電動機３０から目標トルクを出力させるとともに、第２電源５０の電圧を昇圧（変圧）して第１電源４０を充電すること、または第１電源４０の電圧を降圧（変圧）して第２電源５０を充電することを行うべく、インバータ回路２０の各スイッチング素子対（Ｓ１，Ｓ２、Ｓ３，Ｓ４、Ｓ５，Ｓ６）を制御周期毎に制御する。また、制御部７０は、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５がオンになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６がオフになる第１期間と、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５がオフになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６がオンになる第２期間との比率を調整して第２電源５０から第１電源４０への昇圧比（変圧比）または第１電源４０から第２電源５０への降圧比（変圧比）を調整可能に構成されている。そして、両駆動モードでは、制御部７０は、電動機３０の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含むことで、電動機駆動と変圧駆動（昇降圧駆動）とを行う。詳しくは、コントローラ７２は、第１電源４０の充電状態と第２電源５０の充電状態を監視しており、これらの充電状態に応じて一方の電源で他方の電源を充電する。つまり、コントローラ７２は、第１電源４０の充電率が低いと第２電源５０の電圧を昇圧して第１電源４０を充電させ、第２電源５０の充電率が低いと第１電源４０の電圧を降圧して第２電源５０を充電させる。
　図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）に示す電動機駆動モードにおいては、制御部７０は、電動機３０の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含まないことで、電動機駆動のみを行う。
　図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）に示す変圧駆動モード（昇降圧駆動モード）においては、制御部７０は、電動機３０を駆動せずに１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含んでいる。
　制御部７０は、両駆動モードと電動機駆動モードと変圧駆動モードとを制御周期毎に切り替え可能に構成されている。すなわち、制御部７０は、制御周期毎に複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成されている。そして、制御部７０は図６に示す処理を実行して、第２電源５０及び電動機３０の状況に応じて、両駆動モード、電動機駆動モード及び変圧駆動モード（昇降圧駆動モード）を切り替える。
　なお、図２（ａ）、図３（ａ）、図４（ａ）、図５（ａ）において、上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５がオンからオフに立ち下がるタイミングと、下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６がオフからオンに立ち上がるタイミングとが、同時とならないようにディレイーを設けてもよい。同様に、上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５がオフからオンに立ち上がるタイミングと、下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６がオンからオフに立ち下がるタイミングとが、同時とならないようにディレイーを設けてもよい。
　以下、両駆動モード、電動機駆動モード、変圧駆動モードについて、詳しく説明する。
　電動機３０の中性点Ａに低圧の第２電源５０を接続し、電動機３０のコイル３１，３２，３３を昇降圧用インダクタとして利用することにより変圧回路（昇降圧回路）を実現することとし、そのために制御方法（スイッチング方法）を工夫して電動機駆動の実行中に昇圧及び降圧も行うことを可能にしている。
　図１に示すように、低圧の第２電源５０の正極が電動機３０の中性点Ａに接続されている。低圧の第２電源５０の負極は高圧の第１電源４０の負極と共通である。ここで、インバータを通常動作させる際、上アーム用のスイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５を同時にオンする第１期間と、下アーム用のスイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６を同時にオンする第２期間とがあり、第１期間及び第２期間においては電動機３０にはトルクが掛からない。また、Ｄ／（Ｄ－１）が変圧比（昇圧比、降圧比）となる。ここで、Ｄは、零電圧ベクトルＶ０のオン時間と零電圧ベクトルＶ７のオン時間についてのデューティ比である。即ち、図２（ａ）において、零電圧ベクトルＶ７のオン期間をＴ１、零電圧ベクトルＶ０の前期オン期間をＴ２、零電圧ベクトルＶ０の後期オン期間をＴ３とすると、変圧比は、｛Ｔ１／（Ｔ１＋Ｔ２＋Ｔ３）｝／｛（Ｔ１／（Ｔ１＋Ｔ２＋Ｔ３））－１｝となる。
　そして、インバータは、上下のスイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５、Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６のデューティ比を調整することで昇降圧（変圧）を行う。つまり、第１期間と第２期間との比率を調整することにより第２電源５０から第１電源４０への昇圧比または第１電源４０から第２電源５０への降圧比を調整して昇降圧駆動が行われる。よって、インバータ回路２０において昇降圧用のスイッチ及びインダクタを省略でき、小型かつ低コストなシステムとなる。
　通常の制御（両駆動モード）の場合、図２（ａ）及び図２（ｂ）に示すように零電圧ベクトルＶ０と零電圧ベクトルＶ７が昇圧及び降圧の機能を持ち、例えば電圧ベクトルＶ４，Ｖ５が電動機駆動の電圧として電動機３０に掛かる。この時、電圧ベクトルＶ４，Ｖ５の総和である合成ベクトルＢ１が電動機３０に掛かる電圧である。
　図２（ａ）に示すスイッチングにより得られる出力電圧と、図３（ａ）に示すスイッチングにより得られる出力電圧とは、図２（ｂ）及び図３（ｂ）に示すように同じである。また、図２（ａ）に示すスイッチングにより得られる昇降圧の効果と、図３（ａ）に示すスイッチングにより得られる昇降圧の効果とは、同じである。
　図４（ａ）においては電動機駆動モードでの電動機３０のみを駆動する時のＰＷＭ制御例を示す。図４（ａ）に示すように、スイッチング素子のオン期間を調整して、零電圧ベクトルＶ０が生じる期間と零電圧ベクトルＶ７が生じる期間をなくすことで昇圧・降圧を行わず（中性点Ａに電流が流れなくなり）、電動機３０のみの駆動が可能である。図２（ｂ）に示す電圧ベクトルＶ４，Ｖ５の総和である合成ベクトルＢ１と、図４（ｂ）に示す電圧ベクトルＶ４，Ｖ５の総和である合成ベクトルＢ２とが同じであり、合成ベクトルＢ１に起因して電動機３０に掛かる電圧と、合成ベクトルＢ２に起因して電動機３０に掛かる電圧とは同じとなる。
　このようにして、電動機３０のみの駆動（中性点Ａに電流が流れない）を可能とする。更に昇降圧（変圧）のみの変圧駆動モードも可能とし、３種のモードを使い分けることが可能になる。
　図５（ａ）及び図５（ｂ）は、昇降圧のみを行わせる変圧駆動モードの場合であり、単純に零電圧ベクトルＶ０と零電圧ベクトルＶ７のみ使えばよい。この変圧駆動モードでは、電動機３０にはトルクが発生せず昇降圧が可能である。
　このように、１スイッチング周期における空間ベクトルが互いに異なる両駆動モード、電動機駆動モード、変圧駆動モードを運転状況等に応じ使い分ける事が可能である。
　次に、作用について説明する。
　図６に示すように、コントローラ７２は、ステップＳ１００において第２電源５０の状態を判定、すなわち第２電源５０が正常か否か（故障が発生したか否か）を判定する。具体的には、コントローラ７２は、電圧印加時に電圧センサ８１により得られる第２電源５０の端子間電圧値が所定の閾値より低いか否か判定する。そして、コントローラ７２は、当該第２電源５０の端子間電圧値が所定の閾値よりも高いと第２電源５０が正常であると判定する。一方、コントローラ７２は、当該第２電源５０の端子間電圧値が所定の閾値よりも低いと第２電源５０が故障した状態であると判定する。
　図６に示すように、コントローラ７２は、ステップＳ１０１において第２電源５０の充電状態を判定、すなわち第２電源５０が充電中か満充電かを判定する。具体的には、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０の開放電圧値が所定の満充電閾値を超えているか、あるいは所定の満充電閾値未満かを判定する。そして、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０の開放電圧値が所定の満充電閾値を超えていると満充電と判定する。一方、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０の開放電圧値が所定の満充電閾値未満であると充電中と判定する。
　図６に示すように、コントローラ７２は、ステップＳ１０２において電動機３０の効率が通常か、あるいは効率が低い領域の運転モードかを判定する。具体的には、コントローラ７２は、トルク指令値と回転数指令値を取り込んで三次元マップ（トルク指令値と回転数指令値と効率とを予め規定したマップ）から、電動機３０の効率が通常領域か低効率領域かを判定する。
　図６に示すように、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０が正常で、第２電源５０が充電中で、電動機３０の効率が通常ならば、ステップＳ１０３で両駆動モードを設定する。また、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０が故障、あるいは、第２電源５０が満充電ならば、ステップＳ１０４で電動機駆動モードを設定する。さらに、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０が正常で、第２電源５０が充電中で、電動機３０の効率が低い領域の運転モードならば、トルクが不要であるとしてステップＳ１０５で変圧駆動モード（昇降圧駆動モード）を設定する。
　このようにして、コントローラ７２は、第２電源５０が故障する、または第２電源５０の満充電状態では第２電源５０に電流を流す必要がない電動機駆動モードを設定する。また、コントローラ７２は、電動機３０の効率が低い領域で運転される場合は電動機３０にトルク用の電流を流す必要がないので、昇降圧（変圧）のみの変圧駆動モード（昇降圧駆動モード）を設定可能である。
　故障判定は電圧センサ８１を用いて行ったが、電動機３０に流れる電流を検出して電流値が閾値よりも小さいと第２電源５０が故障であると判定してもよい。
　上記実施形態によれば、以下のような効果を得ることができる。
　（１）電動機装置１０は、多相交流電力としての３相交流電力により回転駆動する電動機３０と、電動機３０に多相交流電力としての３相交流電力を供給するように構成されたインバータ回路２０と、を備える。インバータ回路２０は、互いに直列に接続された上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５と下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６とから構成されるスイッチング素子対を複数（詳細には、３つ）有する。また、電動機装置１０は、インバータ回路２０の正極母線Ｌｐと負極母線Ｌｎとに接続された第１電源４０と、インバータ回路２０の負極母線Ｌｎと電動機３０の中性点Ａとに接続された第２電源５０と、電動機３０から目標トルクを出力させるとともに、第２電源５０の電圧を昇圧（変圧）して第１電源４０を充電すること、または第１電源４０の電圧を降圧（変圧）して第２電源５０を充電することを行うべく、インバータ回路２０の各スイッチング素子対（Ｓ１，Ｓ２、Ｓ３，Ｓ４、Ｓ５，Ｓ６）を制御周期毎に制御する制御部７０と、を備える。制御部７０は、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５がオンになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６がオフになる第１期間と、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ１，Ｓ３，Ｓ５がオフになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子Ｓ２，Ｓ４，Ｓ６がオンになる第２期間との比率を調整することによって、第２電源５０から第１電源４０への昇圧比（変圧比）または第１電源４０から第２電源５０への降圧比（変圧比）を調整するように構成されるとともに、制御周期毎に複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成される。複数の駆動モードは、電動機３０の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含むことで、電動機駆動と変圧駆動（昇降圧駆動）とを行う両駆動モードと、電動機３０の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含まないことで、電動機駆動のみを行う電動機駆動モードとを有する。このように、両駆動モードにおいては、電動機駆動と変圧駆動とを行うことができる。また、電動機駆動モードにおいては、スイッチを開ける動作を不要にして電動機駆動のみを行うことができる。よって、電動機装置１０は、電動機駆動とともに２つの電源間の変圧駆動（昇降圧駆動）を行うことができ、電動機駆動のみも容易に行うことができる。
　（２）複数の駆動モードは、電動機３０を駆動せずに１つの制御周期内に第１期間及び第２期間を含む変圧駆動モード（昇降圧駆動モード）を更に有し、制御部７０は、第２電源５０及び電動機３０の状況に応じて、制御周期毎に複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成されている。よって、電動機装置１０は、第２電源５０及び電動機３０の状況に応じて、電動機駆動と２つの電源間の変圧駆動、電動機駆動のみ、変圧駆動（昇降圧駆動）のみ、を容易に行うことができる。
　（３）第２電源５０の状況は、第２電源５０の故障の有無についての状況を含むので、第２電源５０が故障の場合においては電動機駆動のみを行うことが可能となる。
　（４）第１電源４０は第２電源５０と比較して高圧である高圧バッテリであるので実用的である。
　実施形態は前記に限定されるものではなく、例えば、次のように具体化してもよい。
　・制御部７０は、第２電源５０の状況に応じて複数の駆動モードから１つを選定していたが、第１電源４０の状況に応じて複数の駆動モードから１つを選定してもよい。
　・電動機３０の相数は３相以外の相数でも可能である。
　・第１電源４０及び第２電源５０の電圧の範囲も１２ボルト、２４ボルト、４８ボルトなど、第１電源４０の負極と第２電源５０の負極とを共通にできるのであればいかなる電源電圧でも構わない。
　・第２電源５０は第１電源４０に比べ低圧であったが、第２電源５０は第１電源４０に比べ高圧であってもよい。
　・第１電源４０と第２電源５０は二次電池でもキャパシタ等でもよい。
　・スイッチング素子Ｓ１～Ｓ６はＩＧＢＴに限ることはなく、例えばパワーＭＯＳＦＥＴであってもよい。

Claims (4)

  1. 　多相交流電力により回転駆動するように構成された電動機と、
    　正極母線と負極母線とを有し、前記電動機に多相交流電力を供給するように構成されたインバータ回路であって、互いに直列に接続された上アーム側スイッチング素子と下アーム側スイッチング素子とから構成されるスイッチング素子対を複数有するインバータ回路と、
    　前記正極母線と前記負極母線とに接続された第１電源と、
    　前記負極母線と前記電動機の中性点とに接続された第２電源と、
    　前記電動機から目標トルクを出力させるとともに、前記第２電源の電圧を変圧して前記第１電源を充電すること、または前記第１電源の電圧を変圧して前記第２電源を充電することを行うべく、前記インバータ回路の各スイッチング素子対を制御周期毎に制御するように構成された制御部と、
    を備え、
    　前記制御部は、
    　全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子がオンになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子がオフになる第１期間と、全ての上アーム側スイッチング素子がオフになるとともに全ての下アーム側スイッチング素子がオンになる第２期間との比率を調整することによって、前記第２電源から前記第１電源への変圧比または前記第１電源から前記第２電源への変圧比を調整するように構成されるとともに、
    　前記制御周期毎に複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成され、
    　前記複数の駆動モードは、前記電動機の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に前記第１期間及び前記第２期間を含むことで、電動機駆動と変圧駆動とを行う両駆動モードと、前記電動機の駆動中の１つの制御周期内に前記第１期間及び前記第２期間を含まないことで、電動機駆動のみを行う電動機駆動モードとを有する電動機装置。
  2. 　前記複数の駆動モードは、前記電動機を駆動せずに１つの制御周期内に前記第１期間及び前記第２期間を含む変圧駆動モードを更に有し、
    　前記制御部は、前記第１電源または前記第２電源の状況及び電動機の状況に応じて、前記制御周期毎に前記複数の駆動モードから１つを選定するように構成されている請求項１に記載の電動機装置。
  3. 　前記第１電源または前記第２電源の状況は、前記第１電源または前記第２電源の故障の有無についての状況を含む請求項２に記載の電動機装置。
  4. 　前記第１電源は前記第２電源と比較して高圧である高圧バッテリである請求項１～３のいずれか１項に記載の電動機装置。
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