WO2017169845A1 - 二次電池用セパレータおよび二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用セパレータおよび二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017169845A1 WO2017169845A1 PCT/JP2017/010651 JP2017010651W WO2017169845A1 WO 2017169845 A1 WO2017169845 A1 WO 2017169845A1 JP 2017010651 W JP2017010651 W JP 2017010651W WO 2017169845 A1 WO2017169845 A1 WO 2017169845A1
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- secondary battery
- resin
- melting point
- porous layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for a secondary battery and a secondary battery.
- Secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries are widely used in portable digital devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, digital video cameras, and portable game machines.
- portable digital devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras, digital video cameras, and portable game machines.
- the use as a power source of a hybrid vehicle, an electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, etc. has been expanded as an automobile application.
- a secondary battery separator and an electrolyte are interposed between a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material is laminated on a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode in which a negative electrode active material is laminated on a negative electrode current collector. It has a configuration.
- a polyolefin porous substrate is used as a separator for a secondary battery.
- the characteristics required for secondary battery separators include electrolytes in the porous structure that allow ion migration, and the porous structure is closed by melting with heat when the lithium ion battery abnormally generates heat. In addition, the power generation is stopped by stopping the ion movement.
- the secondary battery separator is required to have adhesiveness (wet adhesiveness) with the electrode in a state impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
- secondary battery separators are required to have high safety.
- the secondary battery separator is required to have dimensional stability.
- the laminated body of the rolled positive electrode, separator, and negative electrode is cylindrical.
- the separator for the secondary battery is bonded to the electrode before impregnation with the electrolyte (dry bonding). Sex) is required.
- it is required to reduce the manufacturing cost of secondary batteries, and cost reduction is required for secondary battery separators.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 by laminating a porous layer mainly composed of polyvinylidene fluoride resin having wet adhesion on a porous substrate made of polyolefin, Secondary battery separators with improved wet adhesion have been proposed.
- Patent Document 3 improves wet adhesion with an electrode by laminating a porous layer mainly composed of polyvinylidene fluoride resin having wet adhesion on a porous substrate made of polyolefin. Secondary battery separators have been proposed.
- Patent Document 4 wet adhesion to an electrode is obtained by laminating a porous layer composed of particles made of polyvinylidene fluoride resin having adhesive properties and inorganic particles on a porous substrate made of polyolefin. Secondary battery separators with improved dimensional stability have been proposed.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 as a production method, a fluororesin dissolved in an organic solvent is coated on a release film or a porous substrate, and is immersed in a coagulation tank to form a porous layer.
- wet adhesion with the electrode of the secondary battery separator is improved, but it is a high-cost manufacturing method, and there is a demand for cost reduction of the current secondary battery separator. I can not respond to.
- the dry adhesion with the electrode in a state not impregnated with the electrolytic solution is not sufficient.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 since the molecular weight of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin to be used is not appropriate, sufficient wet adhesion with an electrode cannot be obtained. Also, the dry adhesion with the electrode in a state not impregnated with the electrolytic solution is not sufficient.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a separator for a secondary battery that exhibits wet adhesion, dry adhesion, and dimensional stability with an electrode at low cost.
- the present inventors have made extensive studies in order to make the secondary battery separator exhibit wet adhesion with the electrode, dry adhesion, and dimensional stability at a low cost. As a result, it has been found that if a fluororesin and an organic resin having a melting point in a specific range are used, wet adhesion and dry adhesion with an electrode are exhibited. Furthermore, by applying a coating material mixed with inorganic particles using a general-purpose coating method by making fluororesin particles into particles, wet adhesion with electrodes, dry adhesion, and dimensional stability can be achieved at low cost. Allowed to express.
- the secondary battery separator of the present invention has the following configuration.
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C.
- B The porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C.
- C) The porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C. and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C.
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C.
- the fluororesin is a polyvinylidene fluoride resin having a vinylidene fluoride content of 80 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less.
- the porous layer is mainly composed of two or more kinds of organic resins having different melting points, at least one kind is a fluororesin, and the following (A) and / or (B) is satisfied.
- Wet adhesion and dry adhesion with an electrode can be imparted, and dimensional stability can be imparted by containing inorganic particles in the porous layer.
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C.
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and has an amorphous organic resin.
- the separator for a secondary battery of the present invention is a separator in which a porous layer mainly composed of inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points is laminated on at least one surface of a porous substrate, At least one of the organic resins is a fluororesin, and is a secondary battery separator that satisfies the following (A) and / or (B).
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C.
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or more and has an amorphous organic resin.
- the porous layer of the present invention is mainly composed of inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points. At least one of the organic resins is a fluororesin.
- the melting point is an endothermic peak at the second temperature rise after first heating and cooling in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) according to the provisions of “JIS K7121: 2012 Plastic Transition Temperature Measurement Method”.
- the temperature of the peak top (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “peak top”) is the melting point.
- the melting point is different from the case where each organic resin has a melting point and one of the organic resins has a melting point, and the other organic resin is an amorphous organic. Including the case of resin.
- organic resin constituting the porous layer of the present invention in addition to fluororesin, olefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene resin, cross-linked polystyrene, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, polyimide, melamine resin , Phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, silicon resin, urethane resin, polycarbonate, carboxymethyl cellulose resin, and the like.
- the main component means that the ratio of the inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points to the total porous layer is 70% by mass or more.
- two or more types of fluororesins having different melting points may be used.
- One or more organic resins other than a fluororesin and a fluororesin having a melting point different from that of the fluororesin may be used.
- Two or more organic resins having different melting points from the fluororesin may be used.
- One embodiment of the porous layer of the present invention has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C. That is, the porous layer of the present invention has at least one melting point at 130 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C. when the melting point of the porous layer is measured by the method described in the Examples section. It may have two or more melting points independently at 130 ° C or higher and 20 ° C or higher and lower than 130 ° C. That is, it may have one melting point at 130 ° C. or more, two melting points at 20 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C., two or more melting points at 130 ° C.
- melting point at 20 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C. It may be 130 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C., and each may have two or more melting points at the same time.
- the porous layer of the present invention preferably has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C. and 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 120 ° C. More preferably, the melting point is 140 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C. and 40 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C.
- an organic resin having a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and an organic resin having a melting point of 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C. are preferably used. More preferably, an organic resin having a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C. and an organic resin having a melting point of 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 120 ° C. are used. More preferably, an organic resin having a melting point of 140 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C. and an organic resin having a melting point of 40 ° C. or higher and lower than 100 ° C. are used. An organic resin having a melting point of 130 ° C.
- the melting point is less than 130 ° C., sufficient wet adhesion may not be obtained.
- an organic resin having a melting point of 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C. is used, for example, to obtain dry adhesion with an electrode.
- the melting point is less than 20 ° C., battery characteristics may be deteriorated due to deformation and elution into the electrolyte when the secondary battery is repeatedly charged and discharged.
- the melting point is 130 ° C. or higher, sufficient dry adhesion with the electrode may not be obtained.
- porous layer of the present invention has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and an amorphous organic resin.
- amorphous organic resin refers to a resin that does not have a melting point, that is, does not have an endothermic peak, as measured by a differential scanning calorimeter. That is, the porous layer of the present invention has at least one melting point at 130 ° C. or higher when the melting point of the porous layer is measured by the method described in the Examples section. You may have two or more melting
- the porous layer of the present invention preferably has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C., more preferably 140 ° C. or higher and lower than 180 ° C.
- At least one of the organic resins preferably has an acidic functional group in order to improve wet adhesion with the electrode. Moreover, when it has an acidic functional group, the productivity improvement and battery characteristic improvement in manufacturing a secondary battery are also attained by affinity improvement with electrolyte solution.
- An acidic functional group is a functional group capable of releasing protons (H + ). Specific examples of the acidic functional group include a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a hydroxyl group, and a phenolic hydroxyl group. One of these may be used, or two or more may be combined.
- a carboxylic acid group is particularly preferable, and monomers having a carboxylic acid group include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid, and derivatives thereof, and maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itacone.
- monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid, and derivatives thereof
- maleic acid fumaric acid, and itacone.
- examples include acids, dicarboxylic acids such as citraconic acid, and acid anhydrides or derivatives thereof. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, dicarboxylic acid is preferable and maleic acid is particularly preferable.
- the shape of the organic resin may be a particle shape or may not have a particle shape.
- the shape of the particles include a spherical shape, a plate shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, and an oval shape. Any shape may be used, and among them, a spherical shape is preferable from the viewpoint of surface modification, dispersibility, and coatability. It is preferable that Moreover, it is a particle shape in the state of the coating liquid before forming a porous layer, and it forms into a film by a heat
- fluororesin constituting the porous layer of the present invention examples include homopolymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl fluoride, and polychlorotrifluoroethylene, ethylene / tetrafluoroethylene polymer, and ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene. And copolymers such as polymers. Further, a copolymer of a homopolymer with tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, trifluoroethylene, or the like can be given.
- a polyvinylidene fluoride resin in particular, a resin made of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene is preferably used from the viewpoint of electrical stability and oxidation resistance.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride content of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is preferably 80 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less. More preferably, it is 85 mol% or more and 99 mol% or less. More preferably, it is 90 mol% or more and 98 mol% or less. If the vinylidene fluoride content is less than 80 mol%, sufficient mechanical strength may not be obtained.
- the melting point of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is preferably 130 ° C. or higher. More preferably, the melting point is 130 ° C. or more and less than 180 ° C., and still more preferably, the melting point is 140 ° C. or more and less than 180 ° C.
- the weight average molecular weight of the fluororesin is preferably 100,000 or more and 5 million or less. More preferably, it is 300,000 or more and 4 million or less. More preferably, it is 600,000 or more and 3 million or less. Particularly preferably, it is 800,000 or more and 2.5 million or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is less than 100,000, sufficient adhesion with the electrode may not be obtained.
- handling property and coating property may become low by a viscosity increase.
- the fluororesin of the present invention may be a mixture of a plurality of types of fluororesins.
- the weight average molecular weight of the plurality of types of fluororesins is preferably 100,000 or more and 5 million or less.
- the weight average molecular weight of the other fluororesin may not be 100,000 or more and 5 million or less.
- the fluororesin may have a particle shape, and a preferable average particle diameter is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1.00 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.40 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 0.04 ⁇ m or more and 0.20 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is smaller than 0.01 ⁇ m, the fluororesin particles are densely stacked, and the increase in air permeability may be increased. Further, when the average particle size is larger than 1.00 ⁇ m, the contact area with the electrode becomes small, and sufficient wet adhesion may not be obtained. Moreover, since the distance between inorganic particles becomes large, dimensional stability may also fall.
- the average particle diameter in this case is, as described in Examples, one side of a square or a long side of a rectangle (major axis diameter) in which the fluororesin particles observed by microscopic observation of the surface of the porous layer are completely surrounded. ) was measured and the number average was calculated. A detailed measurement method will be described later.
- the shape of the fluororesin particles includes a spherical shape, a plate shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, an oval shape, and the like, and any shape may be used.
- spherical and plate shapes are particularly preferable from the viewpoints of dispersibility, coatability, and porosity.
- the aspect ratio of the fluororesin particles is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 50 or less, and even more preferably 30 or less. When the aspect ratio is larger than 100, the handleability of the fluororesin particles may be lowered.
- the aspect ratio is a square or rectangle in which the particles are completely surrounded on the image of the particles obtained by an electron microscope, and the long side (major axis diameter) of the rectangle is drawn. It is the value divided by the short side (short axis diameter). In the case of a square, the aspect ratio is 1.
- the fluororesin particles As a method for producing the fluororesin particles, known production methods such as emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, and dispersion polymerization can be used. Further, the fluororesin particles obtained by the above production method may be further processed in order to obtain a target average particle size and shape. Examples thereof include a coagulation method, a phase separation method, a dry pulverization method, a wet pulverization method, and a spray dryer method.
- Examples of the coagulation method include a method of precipitating the fluororesin particles by dissolving the fluororesin in a solvent or a solvent and water and adding the fluororesin solution to a poor solvent.
- the solvent used for dissolving the fluororesin may be any solvent that dissolves the fluororesin and is miscible with water.
- N-alkylpyrrolidone solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter also abbreviated as NMP), 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (hereinafter referred to as DMI).
- Urea solvents such as N, N-dimethylacetamide (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as DMAc), chain amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide (hereinafter also abbreviated as DMF) Solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as DMSO), sulfur oxide polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfone and tetramethylene sulfone, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile A solvent is mentioned.
- NMP, DMI, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and acetonitrile are preferable, and NMP and acetonitrile are more preferable because of the stability of the solvent and ease of industrial handling.
- the atmosphere of the dissolution tank is preferably a low oxygen gas concentration in order to suppress decomposition and deterioration of the fluororesin. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange the dissolution tank in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas include nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas, helium gas, and argon gas. Nitrogen gas, argon gas, and carbon dioxide gas are preferable in consideration of economy and availability. Particularly preferably, nitrogen gas or argon gas is used.
- the dissolution method is not particularly limited, but when making a fluororesin solution, the fluororesin, solvent and water are placed in a predetermined container and dissolved while stirring. If not dissolved at room temperature, dissolve by heating.
- water After dissolving the fluororesin in a solvent, water may be added.
- a fluororesin solution is prepared in a predetermined container, and then water is added to the fluororesin solution.
- a liquid feed pump, Komagome pipette, or the like can be used for the addition of water.
- a large amount of water is added at a time, the fluororesin precipitates and it takes a long time to dissolve the fluororesin, so it is preferable to gradually add water.
- the amount of water to be added depends on the concentration of the fluororesin to be dissolved and the type of solvent.
- the amount of water to be added is preferably 1% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less in a total amount of 100% by mass of the solvent and the water to be added. If the amount of water added is too small, irregularly shaped particles may be generated, and if the amount of water added is too large, the fluororesin may be precipitated.
- the dissolution temperature varies depending on the type of solvent used and the concentration of the fluororesin. Usually, the temperature is from room temperature to 200 ° C., preferably from room temperature to 100 ° C., or below the boiling point of the solvent.
- the dissolution time varies depending on the type of solvent, fluororesin concentration, and dissolution temperature. Usually, it is in the range of 5 minutes to 50 hours, preferably in the range of 10 minutes to 40 hours.
- fluororesin concentration is high, fusion of the fluororesin particles may occur when the fluororesin solution is added to a poor solvent and the fluororesin particles are precipitated. Therefore, fluororesin particles having a small particle size or fluororesin particles having a uniform particle size may not be obtained.
- the amount of the fluororesin in the fluororesin solution is 100% by mass of the solvent when water is not included, and 0.1% by mass or more when the total of 100% by mass of the solvent and water is included when water is included. It is preferable to set it as mass% or less. More preferably, it is 0.5 mass% or more and 10 mass% or less.
- the fluororesin is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less because the applicability to industrial production is improved.
- the fluororesin solution is subjected to the precipitation step.
- Step a1 Step of adding fluororesin solution to poor solvent to precipitate fluororesin particles
- step a2) Step of precipitating fluororesin particles by flash crystallization of fluororesin solution to poor solvent
- a fluororesin solution is added to a poor solvent for the fluororesin to precipitate fluororesin particles.
- the fluororesin solution may be added from above the poor solvent via the gas phase. In view of obtaining fine particles having a uniform particle size, it is preferable to directly put in a poor solvent.
- a fluororesin solution is added to a receiving tank containing a poor solvent to produce a granulated liquid, and then the granulated liquid is extracted and the next step
- a method batch method
- a continuous flow method sometimes abbreviated simply as a continuous method
- the reactor used for the continuous flow type includes a continuous tank reactor (continuous tank reactor, abbreviated as CSTR) and a tube reactor (plug flow reactor, abbreviated as PFR). Any reactor can be applied to the formation of fluororesin particles.
- a poor solvent is put into a receiving tank (sometimes called a reactor in a continuous type), a fluororesin solution is added to produce fluororesin particles, and then the fluororesin solution is added to the granulated liquid. And a poor solvent are dripped at the same time, and the fluororesin granulated liquid is continuously extracted from the receiving tank and continuously granulated.
- the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent may be simultaneously dropped into the fluororesin particleized solution prepared by batch method, and the fluororesin particleized solution may be continuously extracted from the receiving tank to prepare the granulated solution. it can.
- the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent are dropped simultaneously.
- the dropping rate ratio of the poor solvent to the dropping rate of the fluororesin solution is not particularly limited as long as the fluororesin particles can be generated. From the viewpoint of productivity, the dropping rate ratio of the poor solvent to the dropping rate of the fluororesin solution is 0.1 to 100 is preferable, and 0.2 to 50 is more preferable.
- the ratio of the mass of the particleized liquid in the receiving tank to the flow rate of the particleized liquid extracted from the receiving tank (reactor) is defined as the residence time.
- the residence time is not particularly limited as long as fine particles having a uniform particle diameter can be obtained, preferably 1 second to 10 hours, and more preferably 1 minute to 1 hour.
- a mixing device may be installed in the receiving tank in order to maintain the uniformity of the granulated liquid.
- the mixing device include a stirring blade, a biaxial mixer, a homogenizer, and ultrasonic irradiation.
- the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent are passed through the pipe at a constant speed, and the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent are mixed in the pipe to form particles.
- This is a method of taking out, and various pipes can be used.
- the fluororesin solution may be passed through the inner tube and the poor solvent through the outer tube at a constant speed, and the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent may be mixed in the outer tube to form particles. it can.
- the fluororesin solution may be passed through the outer tube and the poor solvent may be passed through the inner tube.
- a poor solvent is passed from 90 degrees with respect to the flow of the fluororesin solution to bring the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent into contact with each other. Can also be made into particles.
- the PFR method is not limited to the above.
- the flow rate of the fluororesin solution and the flow rate of the poor solvent are not particularly limited as long as the fluororesin particles can be generated.
- the ratio of the fluororesin solution flow rate to the poor solvent flow rate is preferably 0.1 to 100, more preferably 0.2 to 50.
- the mixing portion of the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent may be only a pipe, or a tubular mixing device may be installed.
- the tubular mixing device include a tubular mixing device in which a static mixing structure such as the above-described mixing device or static mixer is stored.
- the mixing time of the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent may be in the same range as the above residence time.
- the inner diameter of the pipe is not particularly limited as long as the fluororesin solution and the poor solvent are mixed. From the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferably 0.1 mm to 1 m, and more preferably 1 mm to 1 m.
- the ratio of the inner pipe diameter to the outer pipe diameter is not particularly limited as long as a particle liquid can be produced.
- Examples of poor solvents for fluororesin particles include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane, and aromatics such as benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and naphthalene.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane and decane
- aromatics such as benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene and naphthalene.
- Hydrocarbon solvents such as ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, butyl acetate and butyl propionate, ether solvents such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol Alcohol-based solvents, water and the like.
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and 2-propanol, water, and the like. Particularly preferred are methanol, ethanol and water.
- the poor solvent of the fluororesin is preferably a solvent that is uniformly mixed with the solvent used for dissolution.
- evenly mixed means that an interface does not appear even when two or more solvents are mixed and allowed to stand for one day.
- NMP, DMF, DMAc, acetone, DMSO, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and the like can be mentioned as a solvent in which they are uniformly mixed.
- the poor solvent of the fluororesin may be a single solvent or a mixture of two or more solvents as long as it is uniformly mixed with the solvent used for dissolution.
- a mixed solvent containing water such as a mixed solvent of water-alcohols and water-nitriles, from the viewpoint that fine particles having a uniform particle diameter can be easily obtained.
- the amount of the poor solvent for the fluororesin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a range of 0.1 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less with respect to 1 part by mass of the solvent used for dissolution. Preferably they are 0.1 mass part or more and 50 mass parts or less, More preferably, they are 0.1 mass part or more and 10 mass parts or less.
- the receiving tank temperature can be set to 0 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the poor solvent.
- the temperature of the receiving tank immediately before the addition is preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower.
- the dissolved fluororesin solution is flash crystallized to deposit fluororesin particles. That is, in the method of adding a fluororesin solution to a poor solvent, a flash crystallization method is used. Flash crystallization refers to a method of rapidly solidifying and crystallizing a fluororesin solution.
- the fluororesin solution under heating and pressurization is less than the boiling point at normal pressure of the solvent used for dissolution (may be room temperature or less) and less than the pressure at which the fluororesin solution is pressurized (A method of spraying and transferring the liquid through a nozzle into another container (which may be referred to as a receiving tank hereinafter) which may be under reduced pressure, or crystallizing, or a fluororesin solution under pressure,
- the liquid is ejected through a nozzle into another container (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a receiving tank) that is less than the pressurized pressure (may be under reduced pressure), transferred, and crystallized.
- the flash crystallization it is preferable to spray the fluororesin solution directly into the poor solvent. It is preferable to perform flash crystallization with the tip of the nozzle from which the fluororesin solution is jetted placed in a poor solvent on the receiving tank side. The tip of the nozzle may be separated from the poor solvent, and flash crystallization may be performed from above the poor solvent via the gas phase.
- a fluororesin particle can be obtained by pressurizing a dissolution tank to arbitrary pressures and carrying out flash crystallization toward the poor solvent of a fluororesin.
- the amount of the poor solvent for the fluororesin used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a range of 0.1 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the solvent used for dissolution. Preferably they are 0.1 mass part or more and 50 mass parts or less. More preferably, they are 0.1 mass part or more and 10 mass parts or less.
- a method of performing flash crystallization in one stage or a method of performing flash crystallization in multiple stages in a vessel having a lower pressure than the inside of a tank containing a solution can be employed.
- the inside of the container is pressurized by a self-produced pressure by heating (pressure increase by heating) (inert gas such as nitrogen) May be further pressurized).
- the pressurized solution is flushed toward an atmospheric pressure receiving tank containing a poor fluororesin solvent, or flushed toward a reduced pressure receiving tank.
- the dissolved solution pressurized to an arbitrary pressure is flushed toward an atmospheric pressure receiving tank containing a fluorocarbon poor solvent. Or flush towards a receiving tank under reduced pressure.
- the pressure (gauge pressure) of the solution for flash crystallization is preferably 0.2 MPa or more and 4 MPa or less. It is preferable to perform flash crystallization of the solution in this environment toward a receiving tank under atmospheric pressure.
- the temperature of the receiving tank varies depending on the poor solvent of the fluororesin placed in the receiving tank, and the temperature at which the poor solvent of the fluororesin does not solidify is 50 to 50 ° C. Specifically, in the case of water, the temperature immediately before flash crystallization is 0 to 50 ° C. preferable.
- Examples of the flash crystallization method include a method in which the outlet of the connecting pipe from the dissolution tank is placed in the atmosphere of the receiving tank or in a poor solvent of a fluororesin and flash crystallization is performed. It is preferable to put it in a poor solvent because finer fluororesin particles can be obtained.
- the fluororesin particles obtained by the precipitation step (a1 step), in particular (a2 step), can be obtained in the state of a dispersion or suspension.
- coarse particles such as an undissolved part of the prepared fluororesin, are included, it can be removed by filtration or the like.
- fluororesin particles particularly polyvinylidene fluoride resin particles made of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, the wet adhesion can be improved without lowering the air permeability.
- phase separation method examples include a method in which a fluororesin is dissolved in a solvent, a fluororesin solution is emulsified using a non-solvent or the like, and contacted with a poor solvent to form fluororesin particles.
- Examples of the dry pulverization method include a pulverization method by causing the fluororesin particles to collide with each other and a pulverization method by causing them to collide with a metal wall.
- Examples of the wet pulverization method include a method in which beads such as zirconia are added to a dispersion medium in which fluorine resin particles are dispersed, and the particles are pulverized by causing the beads and the fluorine resin particles to collide with each other.
- the material and bead diameter of the beads can be used according to the shape and size of the target fluororesin particles.
- the spray dryer method there is a method in which a fluororesin is dissolved in a solvent, a solution is sprayed from a nozzle, droplets are produced, and dried to form particles.
- the solvent used in the spray dryer method is not particularly limited as long as the fluororesin is dissolved, but a solvent having a boiling point lower than the melting point of the fluororesin is preferable.
- acetone methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methanol, ethanol 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone and the like.
- the porous layer preferably contains inorganic particles.
- the dimensional stability required for the secondary battery separator is preferably 130 ° C. and heat shrinkage within 10% at 1 hour.
- the inorganic particles are required to be electrically stable in the battery, have electrical insulation, and heat resistance as an example.
- the inorganic particles include inorganic oxide particles such as aluminum oxide, boehmite, silica, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide, inorganic nitride particles such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride, calcium fluoride, fluorine.
- inorganic oxide particles such as aluminum oxide, boehmite, silica, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, iron oxide, and magnesium oxide
- inorganic nitride particles such as aluminum nitride and silicon nitride, calcium fluoride, fluorine.
- sparingly soluble ionic crystal particles such as barium fluoride and barium sulfate, and magnesium hydroxide. These particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the average particle size of the inorganic particles used is preferably 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, they are 0.20 micrometer or more and 3.0 micrometers or less, More preferably, they are 0.30 micrometer or more and 1.0 micrometers or less. If it is smaller than 0.10 ⁇ m, the air permeability may increase due to the dense porous layer. In addition, since the pore diameter is reduced, the impregnation property of the electrolytic solution is lowered, which may affect the productivity. If it exceeds 5.0 ⁇ m, sufficient dimensional stability may not be obtained, and the film thickness of the porous layer may increase, leading to deterioration of battery characteristics.
- Examples of the shape of the particles to be used include a spherical shape, a plate shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, and an oval shape, and any shape may be used.
- the spherical shape is preferable from the viewpoints of surface modification, dispersibility, and coatability.
- binder The fluororesins, the organic resins, the inorganic particles, the fluororesin and the organic resin, the fluororesin and the inorganic particles, the organic resin and the inorganic particles, and the fluororesin, the organic resin, If necessary, a binder may be used to bind each of the inorganic particles and the porous substrate. Moreover, wet adhesion with an electrode, dry adhesion with an electrode, and dimensional stability may be improved by adding a binder.
- Resins used for the binder include fluororesin, acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene resin, cross-linked polystyrene, methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, polyamide, polyamideimide, polyimide, melamine resin, phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, silicon resin, polycarbonate. , Carboxymethyl cellulose resin, and the like. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of the binder resins, fluororesins, acrylic resins, styrene-butadiene resins, and carboxymethylcellulose are preferably used from the viewpoint of electrical stability and oxidation resistance, and fluororesins and acrylic resins are particularly preferable.
- the heat resistant resin means a resin having a melting point of 150 ° C. or higher, or a resin having substantially no melting point.
- the resin having a melting point of 150 ° C. or higher refers to a resin having the peak top at 150 ° C. or higher.
- the resin having no melting point means a resin having no peak top in the measurement temperature range of ⁇ 20 to 230 ° C.
- the binder used may be a binder that dissolves in a solvent or a particle-shaped binder, and the form is not particularly limited.
- the particle-shaped binder a part or all of the binder may be formed when the porous layer is formed, or a binder that does not form a film may be used.
- the film is formed by heat at the time of drying the solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, butyl glycol, propylene glycol, 2,2
- the film may be formed by adding a film-forming aid such as 1,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate.
- the average particle size of the particle-shaped binder is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. If it is larger than 1 ⁇ m, the amount of the binder necessary for binding increases, so the battery performance may be lowered.
- the content of the binder is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the fluororesin, the organic resin, and the inorganic particles. . Moreover, More preferably, it is 50 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 30 mass parts or less.
- the content of the binder is larger than 100 parts by mass, the content of the fluororesin and the organic resin is decreased, the contact area with the electrode is decreased, and the wet adhesion and the dry adhesion may be weakened. In addition, the increase in air permeability increases, and the battery characteristics may deteriorate.
- the binder content is less than 0.1 parts by mass, it becomes difficult to express the binding property, and the fluororesin and inorganic particles laminated on the porous substrate are missing and it is difficult to form a porous layer. There is.
- the separator for a secondary battery of the present invention is a separator in which a porous layer mainly composed of inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points is laminated on at least one surface of a porous substrate, At least one of the organic resins is a fluororesin and can be obtained by a method for producing a separator for a secondary battery, which satisfies the following (A) and / or (B). The method will be described below. To do. (A) The porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C. (B) The porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or more and has an amorphous organic resin.
- a fluororesin produced by a known production method such as emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, or dispersion polymerization, or a fluororesin and inorganic particles that have been processed into a desired average particle size and shape after polymerization are dispersed in a solvent. Adjust the working fluid.
- the solvent to be dispersed is preferably a solvent containing water as a main component from the viewpoint of suppressing impregnation of the porous substrate with the solvent.
- the main component means that 50% by mass or more is contained in 100% by mass of the solvent.
- the proportion of water in the water-based solvent is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass or more, and further preferably 70% by mass or more.
- the coating liquid may be impregnated into the base material when it is applied to the porous base material, and a desired porous layer may not be formed. Further, the impregnation with the coating liquid makes it difficult to transport the porous substrate, and wrinkles may occur during the transport.
- a dispersant When dispersing the fluororesin, organic resin and inorganic particles, a dispersant may be used if necessary.
- cationic surfactants such as an alkylamine salt and a quaternary ammonium salt, alkyl sulfate ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, fatty acid
- Anionic surfactants such as salts, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenols, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, amphoteric surfactants such as alkylbetaines, alkylamine oxides, And the above cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric fluorine-based surfactants, silicon-based surfactants, and the like.
- polymer compounds such as polyvinylpyrroli
- the addition amount of the dispersant is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 40 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more, with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the fluororesin, organic resin, and inorganic particles to be dispersed. More preferably, it is 0.5 mass part or more. Moreover, Preferably it is 30 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 20 mass parts or less.
- the added amount of the dispersant is more than 40 parts by mass, the wet adhesive property and the dry adhesive property may be deteriorated due to a decrease in the content of the fluororesin with respect to the porous layer.
- a known method may be used as a method for dispersing the fluororesin, the organic resin, and the inorganic particles. Examples thereof include a ball mill, a bead mill, a sand mill, a roll mill, a homogenizer, an ultrasonic homogenizer, a high pressure homogenizer, an ultrasonic device, and a paint shaker. These plural mixing and dispersing machines may be combined to perform dispersion stepwise.
- the order of preparing the coating liquid is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the dispersion process, a dispersant is added to and mixed with a solvent containing water as a main component, and a fluororesin, an organic resin, and inorganic particles are added to the solution to prepare a coating solution. Is preferred.
- the binder may be added to the coating solution in order to bind the particles to each other or the particles and the porous substrate. Further, if necessary, an antioxidant, a stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, etc. may be added to the coating solution.
- the type of the leveling agent is not particularly limited.
- cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts and quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl sulfate salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates, fatty acids
- Anionic surfactants such as salts, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenols, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, amphoteric surfactants such as alkylbetaines, alkylamine oxides,
- polymer compounds such as the above cationic, anionic, nonionic, amphoteric fluorine surfactants, silicon surfactants, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarboxylates, polysulfonates, polyethers, etc. And the like.
- the addition amount of the leveling agent is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the fluororesin, the organic resin, and the inorganic particles.
- the addition amount of the leveling agent is more than 20 parts by mass, the adhesive properties may be deteriorated and the battery characteristics may be deteriorated due to side reactions in the secondary battery.
- the obtained coating solution is applied onto a porous substrate, dried, and a porous layer is laminated.
- a coating method for example, gravure coating, slit die coating, knife coating, kiss coating, roll coating, bar coating, spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, pad printing, and other types of printing can be used. It is not limited to these,
- the coating method should just be selected according to preferable conditions, such as a fluororesin used, organic resin, an inorganic particle, a binder, a dispersing agent, a leveling agent, the solvent to be used, and a base material.
- laminating a porous layer on both sides provides better wet adhesion and dry adhesion on both sides of the positive electrode and negative electrode than laminating a porous layer only on one side. Therefore, it is preferable because cycle characteristics are excellent.
- the proportion of the organic resin having a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher in the porous layer is preferably 1% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and 70% by mass in 100% by mass of the entire porous layer. % Or less. More preferably, it is 10 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less.
- the ratio of the fluororesin in the porous layer is less than 1% by mass, sufficient wet adhesion may not be obtained.
- the content is larger than 90% by mass, the dimensional stability may not be obtained because the content of the inorganic particles decreases.
- the proportion of the organic resin having a melting point of 20 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C. in the porous layer is preferably 1% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more, in 100% by mass of the entire porous layer. Moreover, it is 70 mass% or less. More preferably, it is 10 mass% or more and 50 mass% or less.
- the ratio of the organic resin having a melting point in the porous layer of 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C. is smaller than 1% by mass, sufficient dry adhesion may not be obtained.
- the content is larger than 90% by mass, the dimensional stability may not be obtained because the content of the inorganic particles decreases.
- the fluororesin and the organic resin are the same structural unit, for example, a state in which the fluororesin and the organic resin are mixed in the same particle, but are independent structural units, for example, the fluororesin particle and the organic resin particle, or
- the fluororesin particles and the organic resin film are preferable from the viewpoints of wet adhesion to the electrode and dry adhesion.
- the film thickness of the porous layer is preferably 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous layer is less than 0.10 ⁇ m, sufficient wet adhesion and dry adhesion with the electrode may not be obtained.
- it is thicker than 5.0 ⁇ m the increase in air permeability may be increased, or wet adhesion and dry adhesion may not be sufficient.
- the curling may be remarkable when laminated on only one side, it is preferable to laminate a porous layer on both sides of the porous substrate.
- the film thickness difference of the porous layer of each surface shall be 1 micrometer or less.
- the increase in air permeability due to the lamination of the porous layer is preferably 5 times or less. More preferably, it is 3 times or less. If the air permeability becomes greater than 5 times due to the lamination of the porous layer, the overall air permeability as a secondary battery separator also increases, and sufficient ion mobility cannot be obtained, resulting in deterioration of battery characteristics. There is a case.
- porous substrate examples include a porous membrane having pores therein, a nonwoven fabric, or a porous membrane sheet made of a fibrous material.
- the material constituting the porous substrate is preferably composed of a resin that is electrically insulating, electrically stable, and stable to an electrolyte solution.
- the resin used from the viewpoint of providing a shutdown function is preferably a thermoplastic resin having a melting point of 200 ° C. or lower.
- the shutdown function is a function to stop power generation by closing the porous structure by melting with heat and stopping ion movement when the lithium ion battery abnormally generates heat.
- thermoplastic resin examples include polyolefin resins
- the porous substrate is preferably a polyolefin porous substrate.
- the polyolefin porous substrate is more preferably a polyolefin-based porous substrate having a melting point of 200 ° C. or lower.
- Specific examples of the polyolefin resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- a method for producing a porous substrate a method of making a porous material by drawing a polyolefin resin into a sheet and then making it porous, or dissolving a polyolefin resin in a solvent such as liquid paraffin to form a sheet and then extracting the solvent to make it porous There is a method of quality improvement.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is greater than 50 ⁇ m, the internal resistance of the porous substrate may increase.
- the thickness of the porous substrate is less than 5 ⁇ m, the production becomes difficult, and sufficient mechanical properties may not be obtained.
- the air permeability of the porous substrate is preferably 50 seconds / 100 cc or more and 1,000 seconds / 100 cc or less. More preferably, it is 50 seconds / 100 cc or more and 500 seconds / 100 cc or less. If the air permeability is greater than 1,000 seconds / 100 cc, sufficient ion mobility cannot be obtained, and battery characteristics may be deteriorated. If it is less than 50 seconds / 100 cc, sufficient mechanical properties may not be obtained.
- the separator for a secondary battery according to the present invention is a separator in which a porous layer mainly composed of inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points is laminated on at least one surface of a porous substrate as described above. And at least 1 sort (s) of the said organic resin is a fluororesin, and is a separator for secondary batteries satisfy
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or more and 20 ° C. or more and less than 130 ° C.
- the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or more and has an amorphous organic resin.
- the laminated porous layer is preferably sufficiently porous to have ion permeability, and the air permeability of the secondary battery separator is 50 seconds / 100 cc or more and 1,000 seconds / 100 cc or less. Preferably there is. More preferably, it is 50 seconds / 100 cc or more and 500 seconds / 100 cc or less. If the air permeability is greater than 1,000 seconds / 100 cc, sufficient ion mobility cannot be obtained, and battery characteristics may be deteriorated. If it is less than 50 seconds / 100 cc, sufficient mechanical properties may not be obtained.
- the separator for a secondary battery of the present invention can be suitably used for a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery.
- a lithium ion battery has a configuration in which a secondary battery separator and an electrolyte are interposed between a positive electrode in which a positive electrode active material is laminated on a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode in which a negative electrode active material is laminated on a negative electrode current collector. Yes.
- the positive electrode is obtained by laminating a positive electrode material made of an active material, a binder resin, and a conductive additive on a current collector.
- the active material include LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li (NiCoMn) O 2 , and the like.
- examples thereof include lithium-containing transition metal oxides having a layered structure, spinel-type manganese oxides such as LiMn 2 O 4 , and iron-based compounds such as LiFePO 4 .
- the binder resin a resin having high oxidation resistance may be used. Specific examples include a fluororesin, an acrylic resin, and a styrene-butadiene resin.
- the conductive assistant carbon materials such as carbon black and graphite are used.
- As the current collector a metal foil is suitable, and in particular, aluminum is often used.
- the negative electrode is made by laminating a negative electrode material made of an active material and a binder resin on a current collector.
- the active material include carbon materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, and soft carbon, tin, silicon, etc.
- Lithium metal materials such as Li, metal materials such as Li, and lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ).
- the binder resin fluorine resin, acrylic resin, styrene-butadiene resin, or the like is used.
- a metal foil is suitable, and in particular, a copper foil is often used.
- the electrolytic solution is a place where ions are moved between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the secondary battery, and the electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- an organic solvent As the electrolyte, LiPF 6, LiBF 4, and the like LiClO 4 and the like, solubility in organic solvents, LiPF 6 is preferably used in view of ion conductivity.
- the organic solvent include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, gamma butyrolactone, sulfolane, and the like. Good.
- a method for producing a secondary battery first, an active material and a conductive additive are dispersed in a binder solution to prepare a coating solution for an electrode, and this coating solution is applied onto a current collector and the solvent is dried. Thus, a positive electrode and a negative electrode are obtained.
- the thickness of the coating film after drying is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- a separator for a secondary battery is placed between the obtained positive electrode and negative electrode so as to be in contact with the active material layer of each electrode, sealed in an exterior material such as an aluminum laminate film, and hot-pressed after injecting an electrolyte solution. . Then, a negative electrode lead and a safety valve are installed, and the exterior material is sealed.
- the secondary battery thus obtained has excellent adhesion between the electrode and the secondary battery separator, and therefore has excellent cycle characteristics, excellent dimensional stability, and can be manufactured at low cost. .
- the average particle diameter a square or rectangle having the smallest area completely surrounding one particle is drawn on the obtained image, that is, a square in which the end of the particle is in contact with four sides of the square or rectangle or A rectangle was drawn, and in the case of a square, the length of one side, and in the case of a rectangle, the length of the long side (major axis diameter) was taken as the particle size.
- the particle size of each of 100 arbitrary particles was measured, and the number average value was defined as the average particle size.
- the average particle diameter is defined as the number average of arbitrary 100 particle diameters in the image, and 100 particles are not observed in the image. In this case, a plurality of images were taken, and the number average of a total of 100 particles was defined as the average particle size.
- Weight average molecular weight The weight average molecular weight of the fluororesin was calculated using a gel permeation chromatography method in comparison with a calibration curve using polystyrene.
- Apparatus LC-10A series manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation Column: KD-806M x 2 manufactured by Showa Denko KK Mobile phase: Dimethylformamide Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Detection: differential refractometer Column temperature: 40 ° C.
- Thickness of porous layer A sample cross section is cut out with a microtome, and the cross section is observed with an electrolytic emission scanning electron microscope (S-3400N, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.). The highest point was selected from the interface with the substrate, and the thickness was measured as the thickness of the porous layer. Each sample was observed, selected, and measured at an arbitrary five points from a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm sample, and averaged.
- Air permeability Select any one place from 3 samples of 100 mm x 100 mm size, and use JIS using an Oken type air permeability measuring device (EG01-5-1MR manufactured by Asahi Seiko Co., Ltd.). P was measured in accordance with P 8117 (2009), and the average value was defined as the air permeability (seconds / 100 cc).
- wet adhesion strength between the negative electrode and the secondary battery separator, in which the active material is graphite, the binder is vinylidene fluoride resin, and the conductive additive is carbon black is measured, and each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is evaluated.
- Strength. ⁇ Wet adhesive strength S Electrode and secondary battery separator side peeled off with strong force
- ⁇ Wet adhesive strength A Electrode and secondary battery separator peeled off with slightly strong force
- Wet adhesive strength B Electrode with weak force The secondary battery separator peeled off. • Wet adhesive strength C: The electrode and secondary battery separator peeled off with a very weak force.
- Dry adhesive strength A positive electrode 15 mm ⁇ 100 mm in which the active material is LiCoO 2 , the binder is vinylidene fluoride resin, and the conductive additive is carbon black, and the separator for the secondary battery are placed so that the active material and the porous layer are in contact with each other. Then, hot pressing was performed at 0.5 MPa, 80 ° C. and 0.4 m / min with a hot roll press machine, and the film was manually peeled off using tweezers, and the dry adhesive strength was evaluated in the following four stages.
- the dry adhesion strength between the negative electrode and the secondary battery separator, in which the active material is graphite, the binder is vinylidene fluoride resin, and the conductive additive is carbon black, is measured, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are evaluated separately.
- Dry adhesion strength C The electrode and the secondary battery separator were peeled off with a very weak force.
- Example 1 Fluororesin comprising a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene (polyvinylidene fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride content 95 mol%, containing carboxylic acid groups as acidic functional groups, melting point 160 ° C.)
- a polyvinylidene fluoride resin solution is prepared by dissolving in 9,000 parts by weight of acetonitrile at 80 ° C. with respect to 100 parts by weight of a copolymer with fluoropropylene, adding 11 parts by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of acetonitrile. Was made.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride resin solution at 76 ° C.
- particle formation tank is 5,000 parts by weight of a water bath at normal temperature (hereinafter referred to as “particle formation tank”) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene. ) was continuously added to obtain a granulated liquid.
- the polyvinylidene fluoride resin solution (76 ° C.) prepared separately and 5,000 parts by mass of water (room temperature) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer were each formed into particles at a rate of finishing dropping in 6 minutes each. While dripping simultaneously into the tank, the particleized liquid was extracted from the bottom of the particleizing tank so as to keep the level of the particleized liquid (particulated liquid A). Subsequently, 5,000 parts by mass of water (at room temperature) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the separately prepared polyvinylidene fluoride resin solution (76 ° C.) and the copolymer is made into particles at a rate of finishing dropping in 6 minutes each. While dripping into the tank at the same time, the granulated liquid was extracted from the bottom of the granulated tank so as to keep the level of the granulated liquid (particulated liquid B).
- the particle formation liquid A, the particle formation liquid B, and the particle formation liquid C remaining in the particle formation tank were combined, acetonitrile was distilled off under reduced pressure, and then the residue was subjected to centrifugal filtration.
- 500 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water was added to 100 parts by mass of the obtained hydrous cake, and the slurry was washed and centrifuged.
- ion-exchanged water was added so that the concentration of the fluororesin was 6% by mass, and preliminary dispersion was performed with a homomixer.
- the preliminary dispersion was treated with ultrasonic waves (output 120 W), and then the coarse particles were separated by centrifugal sedimentation to obtain an aqueous dispersion composed of fluororesin particles having an average particle diameter of 0.10 ⁇ m. It was 2.2 million when the weight average molecular weight of the obtained fluororesin was measured.
- organic resin polyethylene (melting point: 80 ° C.) as an organic resin (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “organic resin”) different from the fluororesin, and aluminum oxide particles (average particle size of 0.50 ⁇ m) as inorganic particles
- organic resin organic resin
- aluminum oxide particles average particle size of 0.50 ⁇ m
- acrylic resin acrylic resin
- a perfluoroalkyl compound as a surfactant was added in an amount of 0.7 parts by mass with respect to a total of 100 parts by mass of the fluororesin and the aluminum oxide particles to prepare a coating solution.
- This coating solution is applied to both sides of a polyethylene porous substrate (thickness 7 ⁇ m, air permeability 120 sec / 100 cc) by gravure coating, and dried until the solvent contained volatilizes to form a porous layer
- a separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained.
- Example 2 A separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride (melting point: 90 ° C.) was used as the organic resin.
- Example 3 Polyethylene (melting point 80 ° C.) and polyvinylidene fluoride (melting point 90 ° C.) are used as the organic resin in a mass ratio of 1: 4, and the ratio of the fluororesin to the total of the fluororesin, organic resin, and inorganic particles is 19
- a secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mass% and the organic resin ratio were 23 mass%.
- Example 4 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polypropylene (melting point: 100 ° C.) was used as the organic resin.
- Example 5 Polypropylene (melting point 100 ° C.) and polyvinylidene fluoride (melting point 90 ° C.) are used as the organic resin so that the mass ratio is 1: 4, and the ratio of the fluororesin to the total of the fluororesin, organic resin, and inorganic particles is 19
- a secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mass% and the organic resin ratio were 23 mass%.
- Example 6 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethylene (melting point: 120 ° C.) was used as the organic resin.
- Example 7 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a fluororesin having a melting point of 130 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight of 500,000 was used.
- Example 8 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an acrylic resin (melting point: 80 ° C.) was used as the organic resin.
- Example 9 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a fluororesin having a melting point of 180 ° C. was used.
- Example 10 Example 10 except that a resin made of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene (polyvinylidene fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride content 95 mol%, no acidic functional group, melting point 160 ° C.) was used as the fluororesin. In the same manner, a separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained.
- a resin made of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene polyvinylidene fluoride resin, vinylidene fluoride content 95 mol%, no acidic functional group, melting point 160 ° C.
- Example 11 A separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyvinylidene fluoride (amorphous), which is an amorphous organic resin, was used as the organic resin.
- Example 12 Polyethylene (melting point 80 ° C.) and polyvinylidene fluoride (amorphous), which is an amorphous organic resin, are used in an organic resin in a mass ratio of 3: 2, and the total of fluororesin, organic resin, and inorganic particles A separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio of the fluororesin was 19 mass% and the ratio of the organic resin was 23 mass%.
- Example 13 A separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a fluororesin having a melting point of 190 ° C., a weight average molecular weight of 2 million and an average particle size of 0.25 ⁇ m was used.
- Example 14 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ratio of the fluororesin was changed to 10% by mass.
- Example 15 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the ratio of the fluororesin was changed to 10% by mass.
- Example 16 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the ratio of the organic resin having a melting point different from that of the fluororesin was changed to 5% by mass.
- Comparative Example 2 A separator for a secondary battery of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a melting point of 100 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight of 400,000 were used for the fluororesin.
- Example 3 A secondary battery separator of the present invention was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethylene (melting point: 150 ° C.) was used as the organic resin.
- Examples 1 to 10 and 13 to 16 of the present invention are all separators in which a porous layer mainly composed of inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points is laminated. And at least one of the organic resins is a fluororesin, and (A) the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and 20 ° C. or higher and lower than 130 ° C. Adhesive strength is obtained, and low heat shrinkability (high dimensional stability) is obtained.
- Examples 11 and 12 are both separators in which a porous layer mainly composed of inorganic particles and two or more organic resins having different melting points is laminated, and at least one of the organic resins is (B) Since the porous layer has a melting point of 130 ° C. or higher and an amorphous organic resin, good wet bond strength and dry bond strength with the electrode can be obtained and low. Heat shrinkability (high dimensional stability) is obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 does not contain a fluororesin, sufficient wet bond strength with the electrode cannot be obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 since the melting point of the fluororesin is low, sufficient wet bond strength with the electrode cannot be obtained.
- Comparative Example 3 since the melting point of the organic resin is high, sufficient dry adhesion strength with the electrode cannot be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
(1)多孔質基材の少なくとも片面に、無機粒子と、融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする多孔質層が積層されたセパレータであって、前記有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂であり、以下の(A)および/または(B)を満たす、二次電池用セパレータ。
(A)前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(B)前記多孔質層が130℃以上に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する
(2)多孔質基材の少なくとも片面に、無機粒子と、融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする多孔質層が積層されたセパレータであって、前記有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂であり、前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する、二次電池用セパレータ。
(3)以下の(C)および/または(D)を満たす、(1)または(2)に記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(C)前記多孔質層が130℃以上180℃未満および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(D)前記多孔質層が130℃以上180℃未満に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する
(4)前記有機樹脂として、アクリル樹脂および/またはオレフィン樹脂を含む、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(5)前記有機樹脂のうち少なくとも1種類が酸性官能基を有する、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(6)前記フッ素樹脂が、フッ化ビニリデン含有率が80mol%以上100mol%以下のポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂である、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(7)前記ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂の融点が130℃以上である、(6)に記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(8)前記ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂が粒子形状であり、平均粒径が0.01μm以上1.00μm未満である、(6)または(7)に記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(9)(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータを用いる二次電池。
(A)前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(B)前記多孔質層が130℃以上に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する
本発明の二次電池用セパレータを用いることで、高容量、高出力、長寿命、低コストのリチウムイオン電池等の二次電池を提供することが可能となる。
(A)前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(B)前記多孔質層が130℃以上に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
(有機樹脂)
本発明の多孔質層は無機粒子と融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする。有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂である。ここで融点とは、「JIS K7121:2012 プラスチックの転移温度測定方法」の規定に準じた示差走査熱量測定(DSC)において、初めに昇温、冷却した後の2回目の昇温時の吸熱ピークのピークトップ(以下「ピークトップ」という場合がある。)の温度を融点とする。また、融点が異なるとは、お互いの有機樹脂が融点を有し、それらの融点が異なっている場合だけでなく、一方の有機樹脂が融点を有し、もう一方の有機樹脂が非晶性有機樹脂である場合も含む。
本発明の多孔質層を構成するフッ素樹脂としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフッ化ビニル、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレンなどのホモポリマー、エチレン・テトラフルオロエチレンポリマー、エチレン-クロロトリフルオロエチレンポリマー、などのコポリマーが挙げられる。また、ホモポリマーとテトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、トリフルオロエチレンなどとのコポリマーなども挙げられる。これらのフッ素樹脂の中でもポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、特には、フッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体からなる樹脂が、電気的安定性と耐酸化性の点から好適に用いられる。
(a1工程)貧溶媒へフッ素樹脂溶液を添加してフッ素樹脂粒子を析出させる工程
(a2工程)貧溶媒へフッ素樹脂溶液をフラッシュ晶析してフッ素樹脂粒子を析出させる工程
(a1工程)では、フッ素樹脂の貧溶媒へフッ素樹脂溶液を添加してフッ素樹脂粒子を析出させる。フッ素樹脂溶液をフッ素樹脂の貧溶媒へ添加するにあたっては、フッ素樹脂溶液を入れた容器からフッ素樹脂の貧溶媒を入れた容器(以下「受槽」と称することがある)に連続的に注入してもよいし、滴下してもよい。また、フッ素樹脂溶液を貧溶媒の上から気相を介して添加してもよい。微細で粒径の揃った粒子が得られる点から直接貧溶媒中に入れることが好ましい。
二次電池用セパレータの寸法安定性を向上するため、前記多孔質層に無機粒子を含有することが好ましい。二次電池用セパレータに求められる寸法安定性は、130℃、1時間での熱収縮が10%以内であれば好ましい。無機粒子としては、一例として電池内で電気的に安定であること、電気絶縁性を有すること、および耐熱性が求められる。
前記フッ素樹脂同士、前記有機樹脂同士、前記無機粒子同士、また前記フッ素樹脂と前記有機樹脂、前記フッ素樹脂と前記無機粒子、前記有機樹脂と前記無機粒子、および前記フッ素樹脂、前記有機樹脂、前記無機粒子のそれぞれと多孔質基材とを結着させるために必要であればバインダーを用いてもよい。また、バインダーを添加することで電極とのウェット接着性、電極とのドライ接着性および寸法安定性が向上する場合もある。
本発明の二次電池用セパレータは、多孔質基材の少なくとも片面に、無機粒子と、融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする多孔質層が積層されたセパレータであって、前記有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂であり、以下の(A)および/または(B)を満たすことを特徴とする二次電池用セパレータの製造方法で得られるが、その方法について以下に説明する。
(A)前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(B)前記多孔質層が130℃以上に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する。
本発明において、多孔質基材としては、内部に空孔を有する多孔膜、不織布、または繊維状物からなる多孔膜シートなどが挙げられる。多孔質基材を構成する材料としては、電気絶縁性であり、電気的に安定で、電解液にも安定である樹脂から構成されていることが好ましい。また、シャットダウン機能を付与する観点から用いる樹脂は融点が200℃以下の熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。ここでのシャットダウン機能とは、リチウムイオン電池が異常発熱した場合に、熱で溶融することで多孔構造を閉鎖し、イオン移動を停止させて、発電を停止させる機能のことである。
本発明の二次電池用セパレータは、上記のように多孔質基材の少なくとも片面に、無機粒子と、融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする多孔質層が積層されたセパレータであって、前記有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂であり、以下の(A)および/または(B)を満たす二次電池用セパレータである。
(A)前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(B)前記多孔質層が130℃以上に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する。
本発明の二次電池用セパレータは、リチウムイオン電池等の二次電池に好適に用いることができる。リチウムイオン電池は、正極活物質を正極集電体に積層した正極と、負極活物質を負極集電体に積層した負極との間に、二次電池用セパレータと電解質が介在した構成となっている。
(1)融点
「JIS K7121:2012 プラスチックの転移温度測定方法」の規定に準じた示差走査熱量測定(DSC)において、PerkinElmer製DSC(示差走査熱量分析装置)にて、測定パンに6~7mgの樹脂または多孔質層を入れ測定用試料とし、以下の条件にて測定した。初めに昇温、冷却した後、2回目の昇温時の吸熱ピークのピークトップの温度を融点とした。
昇温、冷却速度 : ±10℃/min
測定温度範囲 : -20~230℃。
電解放射型走査電子顕微鏡((株)日立製作所製S-3400N)を用いて、多孔質層の表面を倍率5万倍にて観察した。その際の画像サイズは2.5μm×1.8μmである。なお、画素数は1,280画素×960画素であり、1画素の大きさは2.0nm×1.9nmであった。
フッ素樹脂の重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法を用い、ポリスチレンによる校正曲線と対比させて算出した。
カラム:昭和電工株式会社製 KD-806M × 2本
移動相:ジメチルホルムアミド
流量 :1.0ml/min
検出 :示差屈折率計
カラム温度:40℃。
ミクロトームにてサンプル断面を切り出し、その断面を電解放射型走査電子顕微鏡((株)日立製作所製S-3400N)にて観察して、その観察領域内において多孔質基材との界面から最も高いところを選択し、多孔質層の膜厚として計測した。100mm×100mmサイズのサンプルから任意の5箇所についてそれぞれ観察、選択、計測し平均した。
100mm×100mmサイズの試料3枚からそれぞれ任意の一箇所を選び、王研式透気度測定装置(旭精工(株)社製EG01-5-1MR)を用いて、JIS P 8117(2009)に準拠して測定し、その平均値を透気度(秒/100cc)とした。
ジエチルカーボネートとエチレンカーボネートを質量比で7:3に混合した溶媒を調整し、その溶媒中に下記実施例にて作製した二次電池用セパレータフィルム15mm×100mmと、活物質がLiCoO2、バインダーがフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、導電助剤がカーボンブラックの正極15mm×100mmを10分間浸漬させ、取り出した後に、活物質と多孔質層が接触するように設置し、熱プレス機にて0.5MPa、100℃、2分で熱プレスを行い、ピンセットを用いて手動で剥離させ、ウェット接着強度を下記4段階にて評価を行った。同様に、活物質が黒鉛、バインダーがフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、導電助剤がカーボンブラックの負極と二次電池用セパレータとのウェット接着強度も測定し、正極および負極のそれぞれの評価を行い、ウェット接着強度とした。
・ウェット接着強度S: 強い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータ側が剥離した
・ウェット接着強度A: やや強い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータが剥離した
・ウェット接着強度B: 弱い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータが剥離した
・ウェット接着強度C: 極弱い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータが剥離した。
活物質がLiCoO2、バインダーがフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、導電助剤がカーボンブラックの正極15mm×100mmと二次電池用セパレータを、活物質と多孔質層が接触するように設置し、熱ロールプレス機にて0.5MPa、80℃、0.4m/分で熱プレスを行い、ピンセットを用いて手動で剥離させ、ドライ接着強度を下記4段階にて評価を行った。同様に、活物質が黒鉛、バインダーがフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、導電助剤がカーボンブラックの負極と二次電池用セパレータとのドライ接着強度も測定し、正極および負極のそれぞれの評価を行い、ドライ接着強度とした。
・ドライ接着強度S: 強い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータ側が剥離した
・ドライ接着強度A: やや強い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータが剥離した
・ドライ接着強度B: 弱い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータが剥離した
・ドライ接着強度C: 極弱い力で電極と二次電池用セパレータが剥離した。
100mm×100mmサイズの試料の一辺の中点から対辺の中点の長さを測定し、130℃のオーブン中に無張力下で1時間熱処理を行った。熱処理後に試料を取り出し、熱処理前と同一箇所の中点間の長さを測定し、以下の式より熱収縮率を算出した。1枚の試料より同時に2ヶ所算出し、その平均値を熱収縮率とした。
熱収縮率(%)=[(熱処理前の中点間の長さ-熱処理後の中点間の長さ)/(熱処理前の中点間の長さ)]×100。
フッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体からなるフッ素樹脂(ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、フッ化ビニリデン含有率95mol%、酸性官能基としてカルボン酸基含有、融点160℃)を該フッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体100質量部に対して9,000質量部のアセトニトリルに80℃で溶解させ、その溶液にアセトニトリル100質量部に対して11質量部の水を加え、ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂溶液を作製した。76℃の前記ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂溶液を該フッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体100質量部に対して5,000質量部の常温の水の槽(以下、「粒子化槽」という。)へ連続添加し、粒子化液を得た。
有機樹脂にポリフッ化ビニリデン(融点90℃)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にポリエチレン(融点80℃)とポリフッ化ビニリデン(融点90℃)を質量比で1:4となるように用いて、フッ素樹脂、有機樹脂、および無機粒子の合計におけるフッ素樹脂の割合を19質量%、有機樹脂の割合を23質量%にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にポリプロピレン(融点100℃)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にポリプロピレン(融点100℃)とポリフッ化ビニリデン(融点90℃)を質量比で1:4となるように用いて、フッ素樹脂、有機樹脂、および無機粒子の合計におけるフッ素樹脂の割合を19質量%、有機樹脂の割合を23質量%にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にポリエチレン(融点120℃)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
融点130℃、重量平均分子量50万のフッ素樹脂を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にアクリル樹脂(融点80℃)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
融点180℃のフッ素樹脂を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ素樹脂にフッ化ビニリデンとヘキサフルオロプロピレンとの共重合体からなる樹脂(ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂、フッ化ビニリデン含有率95mol%、酸性官能基なし、融点160℃)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂に非晶性有機樹脂であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(非晶質)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にポリエチレン(融点80℃)と非晶性有機樹脂であるポリフッ化ビニリデン(非晶質)を質量比で3:2となるように用いて、フッ素樹脂、有機樹脂、および無機粒子の合計におけるフッ素樹脂の割合を19質量%、有機樹脂の割合を23質量%にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
融点190℃、重量平均分子量200万、平均粒径0.25μmのフッ素樹脂を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ素樹脂の割合を10質量%にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ素樹脂の割合を10質量%にした以外は、実施例3と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ素樹脂と融点が異なる有機樹脂の割合を5質量%にした以外は、実施例14と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ素樹脂を用いない以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ素樹脂に融点100℃、重量平均分子量40万を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
有機樹脂にポリエチレン(融点150℃)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の二次電池用セパレータを得た。
Claims (9)
- 多孔質基材の少なくとも片面に、無機粒子と、融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする多孔質層が積層されたセパレータであって、前記有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂であり、以下の(A)および/または(B)を満たす、二次電池用セパレータ。
(A)前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(B)前記多孔質層が130℃以上に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する - 多孔質基材の少なくとも片面に、無機粒子と、融点の異なる2種類以上の有機樹脂とを主成分とする多孔質層が積層されたセパレータであって、前記有機樹脂の少なくとも1種がフッ素樹脂であり、前記多孔質層が130℃以上および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する、二次電池用セパレータ。
- 以下の(C)および/または(D)を満たす、請求項1または2に記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
(C)前記多孔質層が130℃以上180℃未満および20℃以上130℃未満に融点を有する
(D)前記多孔質層が130℃以上180℃未満に融点を有し、かつ非晶性有機樹脂を有する - 前記有機樹脂として、アクリル樹脂および/またはオレフィン樹脂を含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記有機樹脂のうち少なくとも1種類が酸性官能基を有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記フッ素樹脂が、フッ化ビニリデン含有率が80mol%以上100mol%以下のポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂の融点が130℃以上である、請求項6に記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記ポリフッ化ビニリデン樹脂が粒子形状であり、平均粒径が0.01μm以上1.00μm未満である、請求項6または7に記載の二次電池用セパレータ。
- 請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の二次電池用セパレータを用いる二次電池。
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