WO2017163623A1 - 燃料供給装置およびそれを備えた舶用ボイラ、並びに燃料供給装置の制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料供給装置およびそれを備えた舶用ボイラ、並びに燃料供給装置の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017163623A1 WO2017163623A1 PCT/JP2017/003831 JP2017003831W WO2017163623A1 WO 2017163623 A1 WO2017163623 A1 WO 2017163623A1 JP 2017003831 W JP2017003831 W JP 2017003831W WO 2017163623 A1 WO2017163623 A1 WO 2017163623A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel gas
- flow rate
- fuel
- supply
- burner
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/02—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being steam-driven
- B63H21/08—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being steam-driven relating to steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K15/00—Adaptations of plants for special use
- F01K15/02—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives
- F01K15/04—Adaptations of plants for special use for driving vehicles, e.g. locomotives the vehicles being waterborne vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
- F23K5/005—Gaseous fuel from a central source to a plurality of burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
- F23K5/002—Gaseous fuel
- F23K5/007—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/007—Regulating fuel supply using mechanical means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2400/00—Pretreatment and supply of gaseous fuel
- F23K2400/20—Supply line arrangements
- F23K2400/201—Control devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel supply apparatus, a marine boiler provided with the same, and a control method for the fuel supply apparatus.
- liquefied natural gas stored in a liquefied natural gas tank (LNG tank) or boil-off gas generated in the LNG tank is combusted in a burner portion of the boiler to generate steam, and propeller is rotated by a steam turbine to obtain propulsive force.
- LNG ship A liquefied natural gas carrier (LNG ship) is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a fuel gas that does not contain sulfur such as liquefied natural gas or boil-off gas, can be used as a fuel for obtaining propulsive power, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
- the LNG ship described in Patent Literature 1 always generates a fuel with a constant flow rate in the boiler even when the load of the steam turbine is low so that a steam amount larger than the steam amount required by the steam turbine for the main engine is always generated. Gas is being supplied. And the LNG ship described in patent document 1 is returning the excess steam with respect to the load of a steam turbine from the dump steam pipe to the main condenser. Therefore, in the LNG ship described in Patent Document 1, the energy of the fuel gas for generating the steam returned from the dump steam pipe to the main condenser is wasted. In order to avoid such waste, it is necessary to reduce the supply amount of the fuel gas according to the load of the steam turbine.
- the turndown ratio of the fuel gas supplied to the burner section (the ratio of the maximum flow rate at the rated output to the controllable minimum flow rate) is generally 7: 1. Degree. Further, the square root of the flow rate of the fuel gas is proportional to the pressure of the fuel gas. Therefore, if the flow rate of the fuel gas with a turndown ratio of 7: 1 is controlled by a single control valve between the minimum flow rate and the maximum flow rate, the pressure of the fuel gas when circulating the minimum flow rate will cause the maximum flow rate to burn. It becomes 1/49 (1/7 square) of the pressure at the time of supplying to a part.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and it is possible to achieve fuel from a low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner portion is low to a high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner portion is large. It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel supply device, a marine boiler equipped with the fuel supply device, and a control method for the fuel supply device, which can maintain stable combustion using only fuel gas without wasting gas energy.
- a fuel supply apparatus is a first fuel supply device that is used in a marine boiler and that supplies fuel gas to a burner section having a main nozzle and a sub nozzle and distributes the fuel gas supplied from a supply source.
- a first adjustment valve that is provided in the two supply pipes and that adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas guided from the first supply pipe to the main nozzle via the second supply pipe; and an opening degree of the first adjustment valve.
- a control unit for controlling, the control unit is closed when the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the first supply pipe to the burner unit is less than a predetermined flow rate, from the first supply pipe Used for the burner
- the flow rate of the fuel gas is the opening degree to control the first control valve so as to increase according to an increase of the flow rate of the fuel gas when the the predetermined flow rate or more.
- the first adjustment valve in the low load region where the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the first supply pipe to the burner portion is less than the predetermined flow rate, the first adjustment valve is in the closed state.
- the entire amount of fuel gas supplied from the supply pipe to the burner portion is guided from the third supply pipe to the sub nozzle.
- the first regulating valve since the first regulating valve is in the closed state, the pressure of the fuel gas decreases in proportion to the square root of the flow rate of the fuel gas.
- the flow rate range in the low load region is limited to a certain range, it is possible to suppress fuel gas pressure fluctuations with respect to flow rate fluctuations.
- the increase in the flow rate of the fuel gas As a result, the opening of the first regulating valve increases. Decreasing the pressure of the fuel gas required to supply a desired flow rate of fuel gas to the burner unit by increasing the opening of the first regulating valve and increasing the cross-sectional area of the burner unit. Can do.
- the fuel gas extends from the low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is low to the high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is large.
- stable combustion using only fuel gas can be maintained without wasting energy.
- the fuel supply apparatus includes a second adjustment valve that adjusts a flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the supply source to the first supply pipe, and the control unit includes a second adjustment valve
- the structure which controls an opening degree may be sufficient. According to this configuration, the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the supply source to the first supply pipe can be adjusted to an appropriate amount by the second adjustment valve.
- the control unit opens the second adjustment valve.
- the first adjustment valve may be controlled so that the opening degree of the first adjustment valve increases in accordance with the increase of the first adjustment valve.
- a marine boiler according to an aspect of the present invention includes the burner portion and the fuel supply device described above. Since the fuel supply device described above is provided, the energy of the fuel gas is wasted from the low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is low to the high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is large. Therefore, stable combustion using only the fuel gas can be maintained.
- a control method for a fuel supply apparatus is a control method for a fuel supply apparatus that is used in a marine boiler and that supplies fuel gas to a burner section having a main nozzle and a sub nozzle.
- Has a regulating valve that adjusts the ratio between the flow rate of the fuel gas guided to the main nozzle and the flow rate of the fuel gas guided to the sub nozzle, and the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the burner section is
- the fuel gas is supplied from the low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is low to the high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is large. Stable combustion using only fuel gas can be maintained without wasting energy. In this case, it is not necessary to set the pressure of the fuel gas on the supply source side too large.
- the present invention from the low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is low to the high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the burner unit is high, only the fuel gas is used without wasting energy of the fuel gas. It is possible to provide a fuel supply device capable of maintaining stable combustion by the above, a marine boiler equipped with the fuel supply device, and a control method for the fuel supply device.
- FIG. 1 It is a lineblock diagram showing a marine propulsion plant using a marine boiler. It is a block diagram of the fuel supply apparatus shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the flow volume of fuel gas, and the opening degree of a control valve and a flow regulating valve. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the flow volume of fuel gas, and the load of a main nozzle and a pilot nozzle. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the flow volume of fuel gas, and the pressure of fuel gas.
- a marine propulsion plant 300 installed in the ship shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a marine boiler 200 that generates steam, a propulsion turbine unit 310 that is driven by the steam generated by the marine boiler 200, and a propulsion turbine unit 310. And a propulsive force generator 320 that obtains a propulsive force to propel the ship.
- a marine boiler 200 that generates steam
- a propulsion turbine unit 310 that is driven by the steam generated by the marine boiler 200
- a propulsion turbine unit 310 and a propulsion turbine unit 310.
- a propulsive force generator 320 that obtains a propulsive force to propel the ship.
- the marine boiler 200 includes a main furnace 210, a burner unit 220, a reheat furnace 230, a reheater 240, and a fuel supply device 100.
- a main furnace 210 of the marine boiler 200 includes a hollow furnace 211 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, a front bank tube 212 through which water passes, a superheater 213 having a primary superheater pipe 213a and a secondary superheater pipe 213b, and evaporation.
- a tube group 214, a water drum 215, and a steam drum 216 are provided.
- the primary superheater tube 213a is disposed on the furnace 211 side, and the secondary superheater tube 213b is disposed on the evaporation tube group 214 side.
- the primary superheater pipe 213a and the secondary superheater pipe 213b are connected so as to form a flow path through which superheated steam flows.
- the end of the primary superheater tube 213a on the furnace 211 side is configured to receive saturated steam generated by the steam drum 216.
- the end of the secondary superheater pipe 213b on the evaporation pipe group 214 side is connected to one end of the superheater outlet pipe L1.
- the other end of the superheater outlet pipe L1 is connected to the branch pipe L2 and the branch pipe L3 of the propulsion turbine section 310 at the branch position P1.
- Burner unit 220 is a device that burns fuel gas supplied from fuel supply device 100.
- the combustion of the fuel gas by the burner unit 220 is performed inside the furnace 211.
- the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of the fuel gas is guided from the furnace 211 to the reheating furnace 230 through the superheater 213 and the evaporation tube group 214. Details of the fuel supply device 100 will be described later.
- the reheating furnace 230 is an apparatus that is provided downstream of the evaporation pipe group 214 of the main furnace 210 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas and is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to extend in the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the reheating furnace 230 includes a reheating burner 231 that reheats the exhaust gas guided from the furnace 211.
- the reheat burner 231 is supplied with boil-off gas (fuel gas) from an LNG tank 400 described later via a fuel pipe L4.
- the amount of fuel supplied to the reheat burner 231 is adjusted by the flow rate adjustment valve 232.
- the exhaust gas generated by the combustion of fuel by the reheat burner 231 and the exhaust gas from the furnace 211 reheated by the reheat burner 231 are guided to the reheater 240.
- the reheater 240 is a device that reheats the steam that has worked in the high pressure turbine 311 of the propulsion turbine unit 310 with the heat of the exhaust gas and supplies the steam to the intermediate pressure turbine 312 of the propulsion turbine unit 310.
- the reheater 240 reheats the steam guided from the propulsion turbine unit 310 by the heat of the exhaust gas guided to the reheater 240.
- the exhaust gas that has exchanged heat with steam in the reheater 240 is discharged into the atmosphere.
- the propulsion turbine unit 310 includes a high pressure turbine 311, an intermediate pressure turbine 312, a low pressure turbine 313, a reverse turbine 314, a condenser 315, an on-off valve 316 disposed in the branch pipe L2, and a branch pipe L3. And an on-off valve 317 disposed.
- the high-pressure turbine 311 obtains rotational power from superheated steam supplied from the superheater outlet pipe L1 through the branch pipe L2.
- the steam that has worked in the high-pressure turbine 311 is guided to the upper end of the reheater 240.
- the intermediate pressure turbine 312 obtains rotational power from the reheated steam reheated by the reheater 240.
- the steam that has worked in the intermediate pressure turbine 312 is guided to the low pressure turbine 313.
- the rotational power obtained by the high-pressure turbine 311 and the intermediate-pressure turbine 312 is transmitted to the propulsion force generator 320 connected thereto.
- the low-pressure turbine 313 obtains rotational power from the steam guided from the intermediate-pressure turbine 312. Rotational power obtained by the intermediate pressure turbine 312 is transmitted to a propulsion force generator 320 connected to the intermediate pressure turbine 312. Steam that has worked in the low-pressure turbine 313 is guided to the condenser 315.
- the reverse turbine 314 obtains rotational power from the superheated steam supplied from the superheater outlet pipe L1 via the branch pipe L3. The steam that has worked in the reverse turbine 314 is guided to the condenser 315.
- the condenser 315 condenses the steam guided from the low-pressure turbine 313 and the reverse turbine 314 into water, and supplies the water to the steam drum 216 of the main furnace 210.
- the rotational power obtained by the reverse turbine 314 is power in the opposite direction to the rotational power obtained by the high-pressure turbine 311, the intermediate-pressure turbine 312, and the low-pressure turbine 313.
- the high-pressure turbine 311, the intermediate-pressure turbine 312, and the low-pressure turbine 313 transmit the rotational power that moves the ship forward to the propulsion force generator 320.
- the reverse turbine 314 transmits rotational power for moving the ship backward to the propulsion force generator 320.
- the on-off valve 316 and the on-off valve 317 are valves whose on / off state is switched by a control device (not shown) of the marine propulsion plant 300.
- the control device of the marine propulsion plant 300 guides superheated steam from the superheater outlet pipe L1 to the high-pressure turbine 311 through the branch pipe L2 by opening the on-off valve 316 and closing the on-off valve 317.
- the control device of the marine propulsion plant 300 closes the on-off valve 316 and opens the on-off valve 317, whereby superheated steam is transferred from the superheater outlet pipe L1 to the reverse turbine 314 via the branch pipe L3. Lead.
- the propulsion force generation unit 320 includes a speed reducer 321 that decelerates the rotational speed of the rotational power transmitted from the propulsion turbine unit 310, a propeller shaft 322 coupled to the speed reducer 321, and a propeller 323 coupled to the propeller shaft 322. And have.
- the propulsive force generating unit 320 generates propulsive force that rotates the propeller 323 by the rotational power transmitted from the high-pressure turbine 311, the intermediate-pressure turbine 312, and the low-pressure turbine 313 to advance the ship. Further, the propulsion force generation unit 320 generates propulsion force that rotates the propeller 323 with the rotational power transmitted from the reverse turbine 314 to reverse the ship.
- the fuel supply apparatus 100 includes a compressor 10 that compresses fuel gas supplied from an LNG tank (supply source) 400, a heater 20 that heats the fuel gas compressed by the compressor 10, and A flow meter 30 that measures the flow rate of the fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas supply path 101, and a flow rate adjustment valve (second adjustment valve) that adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas guided from the fuel gas supply path 101 to the fuel gas supply header 102 40, a first fuel supply unit 50, a second fuel supply unit 60, a third fuel supply unit 70, and a control unit 90.
- LNG tank supply source
- a heater 20 that heats the fuel gas compressed by the compressor 10
- a flow meter 30 that measures the flow rate of the fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas supply path 101
- a flow rate adjustment valve second adjustment valve
- the fuel supply device 100 serves as a supply system for the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400, a fuel gas supply path 101 connected to the LNG tank 400, and a fuel gas supply path 101 connected to the fuel gas supply path 101 to supply from the LNG tank 400.
- a fuel gas supply header 102 first supply pipe
- the entire amount of fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply path 101 is supplied to the fuel gas supply header 102, but other modes may be used.
- the marine propulsion plant 300 includes a plurality of marine boilers 200
- a fuel supply path for distributing the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply path 101 to the plurality of marine boilers 200 may be separately provided. Good.
- the fuel supply apparatus 100 includes a main nozzle supply pipe (second supply pipe) 54, a main nozzle supply pipe (second supply pipe) 64, and a main nozzle supply pipe (first) connected to the fuel gas supply path 101, respectively. 2 supply piping) 74.
- the fuel supply apparatus 100 includes a pilot nozzle supply pipe (third supply pipe) 55, a pilot nozzle supply pipe (third supply pipe) 65, and a pilot nozzle supply pipe (first) connected to the fuel gas supply path 101, respectively. 3 supply piping) 75.
- the burner unit 220 included in the marine boiler 200 includes a first burner 221, a second burner 222, and a third burner 223.
- the first burner 221 includes a main nozzle 221 a connected to the main nozzle supply pipe 54 and a pilot nozzle 221 b connected to the pilot nozzle supply pipe 55.
- the second burner 222 has a main nozzle 222 a connected to the main nozzle supply pipe 64 and a pilot nozzle 222 b connected to the pilot nozzle supply pipe 65.
- the third burner 223 includes a main nozzle 223 a connected to the main nozzle supply pipe 74 and a pilot nozzle 223 b connected to the pilot nozzle supply pipe 75.
- the fuel gas supplied to the compressor 10 is a boil-off gas generated in the LNG tank 400 that liquefies and stores natural gas, which is a hydrocarbon-based combustible gas.
- the boil-off gas is a gas generated by vaporizing liquefied natural gas stored in the LNG tank 400 by heat input from the outside.
- a gas obtained by forcibly vaporizing liquefied natural gas with a heat source may be used as the fuel gas supplied to the compressor 10.
- natural gas mainly composed of methane is used as the fuel gas, but other modes may be used.
- other hydrocarbon combustible gases such as ethylene may be used.
- hydrocarbon fuel gas not containing sulfur is supplied to the burner unit 220 from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
- the compressor 10 is a device that pressurizes the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400.
- the compressor 10 pressurizes the fuel gas to about 80 kPa and supplies it to the fuel gas supply path 101. Further, the temperature of the fuel gas rises due to pressurization by the compressor 10.
- the temperature of the fuel gas is, for example, about ⁇ 90 ° C. before being pressurized by the compressor 10 and in the range of ⁇ 80 ° C. or more and ⁇ 70 ° C. or less after the pressurization.
- the heater 20 is a device that heats the fuel gas pressurized by the compressor 10.
- the heater 20 is different from the controller 90 so that the temperature of the fuel gas detected by a temperature sensor (not shown) provided on the downstream side of the heater 20 becomes a preset temperature (for example, 30 ° C.). It operates according to a control command from a control device (not shown).
- the flow meter 30 is a device that measures the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply path 101 to the fuel gas supply header 102.
- the flow meter 30 outputs a measurement signal indicating the measured flow rate of the fuel gas to the control unit 90 via a signal line (not shown).
- the flow rate adjustment valve 40 is a valve that adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400 to the fuel gas supply header 102.
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 40 is determined by a control signal transmitted from the control unit 90 via a signal line (not shown) so that the flow rate measured by the flow meter 30 matches the flow rate set by the control unit 90. Be controlled.
- the first fuel supply unit 50, the second fuel supply unit 60, and the third fuel supply unit 70 are provided in the fuel gas supply header 102, respectively.
- the first fuel supply unit 50 includes a flow rate of fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 via the main nozzle supply pipe 54 to the main nozzle 221 a and a pilot nozzle from the fuel gas supply header 102 via the pilot nozzle supply pipe 55. It is a device that adjusts the ratio of the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to 221b.
- the second fuel supply unit 60 has a flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the main nozzle 222a via the main nozzle supply pipe 64 and the fuel gas supply header 102 via the pilot nozzle supply pipe 65.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the pilot nozzle 222b is adjusted.
- the third fuel supply unit 70 has a flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the main nozzle 223a via the main nozzle supply pipe 74 and the fuel gas supply header 102 via the pilot nozzle supply pipe 75.
- the ratio of the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the pilot nozzle 223b is adjusted.
- the first fuel supply unit 50 includes a shutoff valve 51 and a shutoff valve 52 provided in the fuel gas supply header 102, and a main nozzle from the fuel gas supply header 102 provided in the main nozzle supply pipe 54 via the main nozzle supply pipe 54. And a control valve (first adjustment valve) 53 that adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas guided to 221a.
- the shut-off valve 51 and the shut-off valve 52 are opened by the control unit 90 when the fuel gas is burned by the burner unit 220, and are closed by the control unit 90 when the fuel gas is not burned by the burner unit 220. State.
- shutoff valve 61, shutoff valve 62, and control valve 63 provided in the second fuel supply unit 60 are the same as the shutoff valve 51, shutoff valve 52, and control valve 53 provided in the first fuel supply unit 50, respectively.
- the description below will be omitted.
- the shutoff valve 71, shutoff valve 72, and control valve 73 provided in the third fuel supply unit 70 are the same as the shutoff valve 51, shutoff valve 52, and control valve 53 provided in the first fuel supply unit 50, respectively. Therefore, the description below is omitted.
- the control unit 90 is a device that controls each unit included in the fuel supply device 100.
- the control unit 90 controls the opening of the control valve 53, the control valve 63, and the control valve 73, and the opening of the flow rate adjustment valve 40, respectively. Further, the control unit 90 controls the open / close states of the shutoff valve 51, the shutoff valve 52, the shutoff valve 61, the shutoff valve 62, the shutoff valve 71, and the shutoff valve 72.
- the control unit 90 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and a computer-readable storage medium.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read Only Memory
- a series of processes for realizing various functions is stored in a storage medium or the like in the form of a program as an example, and the CPU reads the program into a RAM or the like to execute information processing / arithmetic processing. As a result, various functions are realized.
- the flow rate [%] of the fuel gas shown on the horizontal axis indicates the first fuel supply unit 50 when each of the control valve 53 and the flow rate adjustment valve 40 of the present embodiment is maintained at the maximum opening.
- the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the first to the first burner 221 is 100%, and the ratio of the actual fuel gas flow rate to the 100% fuel gas flow rate is shown.
- the lower limit value Fr1 of the flow rate of the fuel gas is set to about 15% because the fuel gas turndown ratio of the present embodiment (the maximum flow rate at the rated output and the controllable minimum flow rate). This is because the ratio is about 7: 1.
- the fuel supply device 100 of the present embodiment supplies the fuel gas substantially equally to each of the first fuel supply unit 50, the second fuel supply unit 60, and the third fuel supply unit 70 by the fuel gas supply header 102. Is. Accordingly, the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to each of the first fuel supply unit 50, the second fuel supply unit 60, and the third fuel supply unit 70 is 1/3 of the flow rate of the fuel gas measured by the flow meter 30. It becomes.
- the shutoff valve of any one of the first fuel supply unit 50, the second fuel supply unit 60, and the third fuel supply unit 70 is closed, and the shutoff valves of the other fuel supply units are opened.
- the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to each of the open fuel supply units is a value half that of the flow rate of the fuel gas measured by the flow meter 30.
- the shutoff valve of any one of the first fuel supply unit 50, the second fuel supply unit 60, and the third fuel supply unit 70 is opened, and the shutoff valves of the other fuel supply units are closed.
- the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel supply unit in the open state is the same as the flow rate of the fuel gas measured by the flow meter 30.
- the controller 90 controls the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 40 as indicated by a broken line in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, when the controller 90 gradually increases the opening degree of the flow regulating valve 40, the flow rate of the fuel gas gradually increases from the lower limit value Fr1 toward the upper limit value Fr3 (100% flow rate). To do. Moreover, the control part 90 controls the opening degree of the control valve 53 as shown by a solid line in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 90 controls when the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the first burner 221 is a low load region where the flow rate is Fr1 or more and less than Fr2 (predetermined flow rate). The valve 53 is controlled to be closed.
- control unit 90 increases the opening according to the increase in the flow rate of the fuel gas when the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the first burner 221 is a high load region where the flow rate is Fr2 or more.
- the control valve 53 is controlled to do so.
- the load [%] indicated by the vertical axis in FIG. 4 represents the load (output) of the first burner 221 when each of the control valve 53 and the flow rate adjustment valve 40 is maintained at the maximum opening (when the maximum load is reached).
- the actual load ratio of the main nozzle 221a and the pilot nozzle 221b to 100% load is shown as 100%.
- the control unit 90 controls the control valve 53 so that the opening degree of the control valve 53 increases as the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 40 increases.
- the opening degree of the control valve 53 increases, the ratio of the load of the main nozzle 221a to the load of the pilot nozzle 221b gradually increases.
- the ratio of the load of the pilot nozzle 221b and the load of the main nozzle 221a becomes equal.
- the load on the pilot nozzle 221b is about 35%, while the load on the main nozzle 221a is about 65%.
- the fuel gas flow rate ratio between the pilot nozzle 221b and the main nozzle 221a is 65:35, and the load of the pilot nozzle 221b and the load of the main nozzle 221a are summed.
- the value is 100%.
- the fuel gas pressure [kPa] indicated by the vertical axis in FIG. 5 indicates the fuel gas pressure in the fuel gas supply header 102.
- the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply header 102 is depressurized from the fuel gas supply path 101 through the flow rate adjustment valve 40.
- the pressure of the fuel gas of the present embodiment is a low load region where the flow rate of the fuel gas is Fr1 or more and less than Fr2 (predetermined flow rate), and the flow rate of the fuel gas is Fr2 or more.
- the pressure of the fuel gas gradually increases as the flow rate of the fuel gas increases.
- the amount of increase in the pressure of the fuel gas with respect to the increase in the flow rate of the fuel gas is smaller than that in the low load region.
- the control unit 90 controls the control valve 53 so that the opening degree of the control valve 53 increases as the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 40 increases.
- the opening degree of the control valve 53 By increasing the opening degree of the control valve 53, the amount of increase in fuel gas pressure required to increase the unit flow rate is suppressed.
- the comparative example indicated by the broken line in FIG. 5 is an example in which the control unit 90 maintains the control valve 53 in the closed state even in the high load region.
- the increase amount of the pressure of the fuel gas with respect to the increase of the flow rate of the fuel gas is the same as that in the low load region even in the high load region.
- the pressure of the fuel gas required to make the flow rate of the fuel gas a desired flow rate in the high load region becomes excessively larger than that in the present embodiment. .
- Pmin which is the value of the pressure of the fuel gas required when the flow rate of the fuel gas reaches the lower limit value Fr1
- the fuel gas supply path 101 in the comparative example is used. This means that the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the tank needs to be excessively increased. That is, in the comparative example, in order to excessively increase the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply path 101, it is necessary to provide the compressor 10 having high pressurization performance.
- a specific example is given and the pressure of the fuel gas required by this embodiment and the pressure of the fuel gas required by a comparative example are demonstrated.
- the fuel gas flow rates of the pilot nozzle 221b and the main nozzle 221a are 300 kg / h and 700 kg / h, respectively, and the total flow rate is 1000 kg / h. It shall be.
- the fuel gas flow rate ratio of the pilot nozzle 221b and the main nozzle 221a is 70:30.
- the fuel gas supply The pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the header 102 needs to be at least the pressure Pr1 [kPa] expressed by the equation (1).
- 1.5 [kPa] is the minimum pressure of the combustion gas required for the first burner 221 to maintain the combustion of the fuel gas without misfiring.
- the main nozzle 221a since the flow rate of the fuel gas from the main nozzle 221a when the flow rate of the fuel gas is 100% is 700 kg / h, the main nozzle 221a has a flow rate of 300 kg / h (the maximum flow rate of the pilot nozzle 221b) to 700 kg / h. Adjust the fuel gas flow rate within the range.
- the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply header 102 is at least a pressure Pr2 expressed by the equation (2). It is necessary to set [kPa].
- the fuel gas flow ratio of the pilot nozzle 221b and the main nozzle 221a 70:30
- the comparative example is an example in which the control valve 53 is maintained in a closed state.
- the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply header 102 is at least a pressure Pr3 expressed by the equation (3). It is necessary to set [kPa].
- the turndown ratio ratio of the maximum flow rate at the rated output and the controllable minimum flow rate
- the pressure of the fuel gas supplied to the fuel gas supply header 102 can be set high. it can. That is, the value of the minimum flow rate with respect to the maximum flow rate at the rated output can be set to a smaller value.
- the control valve 53 is closed in a low load region where the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the first burner 221 is less than Fr2 (predetermined flow rate).
- the fuel gas supply header 102 supplies the first burner 221 with the entire amount of fuel gas, which is led from the pilot nozzle supply pipe 55 to the pilot nozzle 221b.
- the pressure of the fuel gas decreases in proportion to the square root of the flow rate of the fuel gas.
- the flow rate range in the low load region is limited to a certain range that is greater than or equal to the lower limit value Fr1 and less than Fr2, the pressure fluctuation of the fuel gas with respect to the flow rate variation can be suppressed.
- the opening of the control valve 53 increases. Necessary for supplying a desired flow rate of fuel gas to the first burner 221 by increasing the opening of the control valve 53 and increasing the flow passage cross-sectional area of the first burner 221 (opening area to the furnace 211). It is possible to reduce the pressure of the fuel gas.
- the fuel supply device 100 of the present embodiment from the low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the first burner 221 is small to the high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the first burner 221 is large.
- stable combustion using only the fuel gas can be maintained without wasting the energy of the fuel gas.
- the turndown ratio with respect to the pressure of the supplied fuel gas can be set high, and the value of the minimum flow rate with respect to the maximum flow rate at the rated output can be set to a smaller value.
- the fuel supply device 100 of the present embodiment includes a flow rate adjustment valve 40 that adjusts the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400 to the fuel gas supply header 102, and the control unit 90 determines the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 40. Control. By doing so, the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400 to the fuel gas supply header 102 can be adjusted to an appropriate amount by the flow rate adjustment valve 40.
- the control unit 90 performs control according to the increase in the opening degree of the flow rate adjustment valve 40.
- the control valve 53 is controlled so that the opening degree of the valve 53 increases.
- the fuel gas supplied to the first burner 221 in the high load region where the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the first burner 221 is Fr2 (predetermined flow rate) or more.
- the flow path cross-sectional area of the first burner 221 can be increased, and the pressure of the fuel gas required to supply a desired flow rate of fuel gas to the first burner 221 can be reduced.
- the fuel supply apparatus 100 of the present embodiment includes a compressor 10 that pressurizes the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400 and a heater 20 that heats the fuel gas pressurized by the compressor 10. By doing so, the fuel gas supplied from the LNG tank 400 can be appropriately pressurized and heated and supplied to the first burner 221.
- the control valve 53 is closed when the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied from the fuel gas supply header 102 to the first burner 221 is less than Fr2 (predetermined flow rate).
- Fr2 predetermined flow rate
- the opening degree increases in accordance with the increase in the fuel gas flow rate.
- the control method of the fuel supply device 100 of the present embodiment from the low load region where the fuel gas supplied to the first burner 221 is low to the high load region where the fuel gas supplied to the first burner 221 is large, Stable combustion using only the fuel gas can be maintained without wasting energy of the fuel gas. In this case, it is not necessary to set the pressure of the fuel gas on the LNG tank 400 side too large.
- the burner unit 220 includes the three burners of the first burner 221, the second burner 222, and the third burner 223, and the fuel supply device 100 has the first fuel supply unit 50, the second fuel supply unit 60, and the third burner.
- the fuel supply unit 70 includes the three fuel supply units, other modes may be used.
- the burner unit 220 may include only the first burner 221, and the fuel supply device 100 may include only the first fuel supply unit 50.
- the burner unit 220 may include four or more burners, and the fuel supply device 100 may include the same number of fuel supply units as the number of burners.
- the marine boiler 200 includes the reheat furnace 230 and the reheater 240, but may be a marine boiler that does not include these.
- the above-described fuel supply apparatus 100 can be applied to a marine boiler that does not have the reheating furnace 230 and the reheater 240.
- Second fuel supply unit 40 Flow control valve (second control valve) 50 1st fuel supply part 53 Control valve (1st adjustment valve) 54 Main nozzle supply pipe (second supply pipe) 55 Pilot nozzle supply piping (third supply piping) 60 Second fuel supply unit 70 Third fuel supply unit 90 Control unit 100 Fuel supply device 101 Fuel gas supply path 102 Fuel gas supply header (first supply pipe) 200 Marine Boiler 220 Burner 221 First Burner 221a Main Nozzle 221b Pilot Nozzle (Sub Nozzle) 222 Second burner 222a Main nozzle 222b Pilot nozzle (sub nozzle) 223 Third burner 223a Main nozzle 223b Pilot nozzle (sub nozzle) 400 LNG tank (source)
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Abstract
Description
一方、液化天然ガスタンク(LNGタンク)に貯蔵された液化天然ガスあるいはLNGタンクで発生したボイルオフガスをボイラのバーナ部で燃焼させて蒸気を発生させ、蒸気タービンによりプロペラを回転させて推進力を得る液化天然ガス運搬船(LNG船)が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。LNG船においては、液化天然ガスあるいはボイルオフガスという硫黄分を含まない燃料ガスを、推進力を得るための燃料として使用可能であるため、環境保護の観点から有利である。
このように、蒸気タービンが低負荷で運転される場合、すなわちバーナ部に供給される燃料ガスが最小流量となる場合に、燃料ガスのエネルギーを無駄にすることなく燃料ガスのみによる安定燃焼を維持することはできなかった。
すなわち、本発明の一態様の燃料供給装置は、舶用ボイラに用いられるとともに主ノズルと副ノズルとを有するバーナ部に燃料ガスを供給し、供給源から供給される前記燃料ガスを流通させる第1供給配管と、前記第1供給配管から前記主ノズルへ前記燃料ガスを供給する第2供給配管と、前記第1供給配管から前記副ノズルへ前記燃料ガスを供給する第3供給配管と、前記第2供給配管に設けられ、前記第1供給配管から前記第2供給配管を介して前記主ノズルに導かれる前記燃料ガスの流量を調整する第1調整弁と、前記第1調整弁の開度を制御する制御部と、を備え、前記制御部が、前記第1供給配管から前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が所定流量未満である場合に閉状態とし、前記第1供給配管から前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が前記所定流量以上である場合に前記燃料ガスの流量の増加に応じて開度が増加するよう前記第1調整弁を制御する。
本構成によれば、前記供給源から前記第1供給配管に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量を第2調整弁により適量に調整することができる。
このようにすることで、第1供給配管からバーナ部に供給される燃料ガスの流量が所定流量以上となる高負荷領域においては、バーナ部に供給される燃料ガスの増加に応じてバーナ部の流路断面積を増大させ、所望の流量の燃料ガスをバーナ部へ供給するのに必要とされる燃料ガスの圧力を低減することができる。
上述の燃料供給装置を備えているため、バーナ部に供給される燃料ガスが少ない低負荷領域からバーナ部に供給される燃料ガスが多い高負荷領域に至るまで、燃料ガスのエネルギーを無駄にすることなく燃料ガスのみによる安定燃焼を維持することができる。
図1に示す船舶に設置された舶用推進プラント300は、蒸気を生成する舶用ボイラ200と、舶用ボイラ200により生成された蒸気により駆動される推進用タービン部310と、推進用タービン部310に連結されて船舶を推進させる推進力を得る推進力発生部320と、を備える。
以下、舶用推進プラント300が備える各部について説明する。
舶用ボイラ200は、主炉210と、バーナ部220と、再熱炉230と、再熱器240と、燃料供給装置100とを有する。
舶用ボイラ200の主炉210は、中空の略直方体形状をした火炉211と、水が通過するフロントバンクチューブ212と、一次過熱器管213aと二次過熱器管213bを有する過熱器213と、蒸発管群214と、水ドラム215と、蒸気ドラム216と、を備える。
一次過熱器管213aは火炉211側に配置され、二次過熱器管213bは蒸発管群214側に配置されている。一次過熱器管213aおよび二次過熱器管213bとは内部に過熱蒸気を流通させる流路が形成されるように連結されている。
推進用タービン部310は、高圧タービン311と、中圧タービン312と、低圧タービン313と、後進タービン314と、復水器315と、分岐配管L2に配置される開閉弁316と、分岐配管L3に配置される開閉弁317と、を有する。
中圧タービン312は、再熱器240により再加熱された再熱蒸気により回転動力を得る。中圧タービン312で仕事をした蒸気は、低圧タービン313に導かれる。
高圧タービン311および中圧タービン312が得た回転動力は、これらに連結される推進力発生部320に伝達される。
後進タービン314は、過熱器出口配管L1から分岐配管L3を介して供給される過熱蒸気により回転動力を得る。後進タービン314で仕事をした蒸気は、復水器315に導かれる。
復水器315は、低圧タービン313および後進タービン314から導かれる蒸気を凝縮して水とし、主炉210の蒸気ドラム216へ給水する。
高圧タービン311、中圧タービン312、および低圧タービン313は、船舶を前進させる回転動力を推進力発生部320に伝達する。一方、後進タービン314は、船舶を後進させる回転動力を推進力発生部320に伝達する。
推進力発生部320は、推進用タービン部310から伝達される回転動力による回転数を減速させる減速機321と、減速機321に連結されるプロペラ軸322と、プロペラ軸322に連結されるプロペラ323とを有する。推進力発生部320は、高圧タービン311、中圧タービン312、および低圧タービン313から伝達される回転動力によりプロペラ323を回転させて船舶を前進させる推進力を発生する。また、推進力発生部320は、後進タービン314から伝達される回転動力によりプロペラ323を回転させて船舶を後進させる推進力を発生する。
図2に示すように、燃料供給装置100は、LNGタンク(供給源)400から供給される燃料ガスを圧縮する圧縮機10と、圧縮機10により圧縮された燃料ガスを加熱するヒータ20と、燃料ガス供給路101を流通する燃料ガスの流量を計測する流量計30と、燃料ガス供給路101から燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102へ導かれる燃料ガスの流量を調整する流量調整弁(第2調整弁)40と、第1燃料供給部50と、第2燃料供給部60と、第3燃料供給部70と、制御部90と、を備える。
なお、図2に示す構成は、燃料ガス供給路101に供給される燃料ガスの全量を燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給するものとしたが、他の態様であってもよい。例えば、舶用推進プラント300が複数の舶用ボイラ200を備える場合には、燃料ガス供給路101に供給される燃料ガスを複数の舶用ボイラ200に分配するための燃料供給路を別途設けるようにしてもよい。
また、燃料供給装置100は、燃料ガス供給路101にそれぞれ接続されるパイロットノズル供給配管(第3供給配管)55と、パイロットノズル供給配管(第3供給配管)65と、パイロットノズル供給配管(第3供給配管)75と、を備える。
また、圧縮機10に供給される燃料ガスとして、液化した天然ガスを熱源(図示略)により強制的に気化させたガスを用いてもよい。
第1燃料供給部50は、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102からメインノズル供給配管54を介してメインノズル221aへ供給される燃料ガスの流量と燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102からパイロットノズル供給配管55を介してパイロットノズル221bへ供給される燃料ガスの流量との比率を調整する装置である。同様に、第2燃料供給部60は、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102からメインノズル供給配管64を介してメインノズル222aへ供給される燃料ガスの流量と燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102からパイロットノズル供給配管65を介してパイロットノズル222bへ供給される燃料ガスの流量との比率を調整する装置である。同様に、第3燃料供給部70は、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102からメインノズル供給配管74を介してメインノズル223aへ供給される燃料ガスの流量と燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102からパイロットノズル供給配管75を介してパイロットノズル223bへ供給される燃料ガスの流量との比率を調整する装置である。
遮断弁51および遮断弁52は、バーナ部220による燃料ガスの燃焼が行われる場合に制御部90により開状態とされ、バーナ部220による燃料ガスの燃焼が行われない場合に制御部90により閉状態とされる。
なお、以下では第1燃料供給部50についてのみ説明するが、第2燃料供給部60と第3燃料供給部70は第1燃料供給部50と同様である。したがって、以下では第2燃料供給部60および第3燃料供給部70についての説明を省略する。
図3から図5において燃料ガスの流量の下限値Fr1が約15%に設定されているのは、本実施形態の燃料ガスのターンダウン比(定格出力時の最大流量と制御可能な最小流量の比)が約7:1となっているからである。
また、第1燃料供給部50と第2燃料供給部60と第3燃料供給部70とのいずれか1つの燃料供給部の遮断弁を開状態とし、その他の燃料供給部の遮断弁を閉状態とする場合、開状態の燃料供給部に供給される燃料ガスの流量は、流量計30が計測する燃料ガスの流量と同量となる。
また、制御部90は、図3に実線で示すように制御弁53の開度を制御する。図3に示すように、制御部90は、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102から第1バーナ221に供給される燃料ガスの流量がFr1以上かつFr2(所定流量)未満となる低負荷領域である場合に制御弁53を閉状態とするように制御する。
また、制御部90は、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102から第1バーナ221に供給される燃料ガスの流量がFr2以上となる高負荷領域である場合に燃料ガスの流量の増加に応じて開度が増加するよう制御弁53を制御する。
図4に縦軸で示す負荷[%]は、制御弁53および流量調整弁40のそれぞれが最大開度に維持される場合(最大負荷となる場合)の第1バーナ221の負荷(出力)を100%とし、100%の負荷に対するメインノズル221aとパイロットノズル221bとの実際の負荷の割合を示している。
また、燃料ガスの流量が100%となる場合には、パイロットノズル221bの負荷が約35%であるのに対してメインノズル221aの負荷が約65%となる。このように、燃料ガスの流量が100%となる場合には、パイロットノズル221bとメインノズル221aの燃料ガスの流量比が65:35となり、パイロットノズル221bの負荷とメインノズル221aの負荷を合計した値が100%となる。
図5に縦軸で示す燃料ガスの圧力[kPa]は、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102内の燃料ガスの圧力を示している。燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給される燃料ガスは、燃料ガス供給路101から流量調整弁40を経て減圧される。
一方、高負荷領域においては、燃料ガスの流量の増加に対する燃料ガスの圧力の増加量が、低負荷領域におけるそれよりも少なくなる。
一方、図5に破線で示す比較例は、高負荷領域においても、制御部90が制御弁53を閉状態に維持した例である。この比較例では、高負荷領域においても、燃料ガスの流量の増加に対する燃料ガスの圧力の増加量が、低負荷領域におけるそれと同じとなる。
ここで、具体的な例を挙げて、本実施形態で必要とされる燃料ガスの圧力と、比較例で必要とされる燃料ガスの圧力について説明する。
この場合、燃料ガスの流量の下限値Fr1が100kg/hであるとすると、パイロットノズル221bが100kg/hから300kg/hの範囲で燃料ガスの流量を調整可能とするためには、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給される燃料ガスの圧力を少なくとも式(1)で示す圧力Pr1[kPa]とする必要がある。
Pr1=1.5・(300/100)2=13.50 (1)
ここで、1.5[kPa]は第1バーナ221が失火せずに燃料ガスの燃焼を維持するために必要とされる最小の燃焼ガスの圧力である。
Pr2=1.5・(700/300)2=8.17 (2)
このように、パイロットノズル221bとメインノズル221aの燃料ガスの流量比が70:30となる場合、Pr1>Pr2となる。そのため、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給される燃料ガスの圧力を少なくともP1に設定しておくことにより、最小流量である100kg/hから最大流量である1000Kg/hまで、燃料ガスの流量調整が可能である。
Pr3=1.5・(1000/100)2=150.00 (3)
すなわち、比較例の場合、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給される燃料ガスの圧力を本実施形態よりも10倍を超えた高い値に設定する必要がある。
また、換言すれば、本実施形態では、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給される燃料ガスの圧力に対するターンダウン比(定格出力時の最大流量と制御可能な最小流量の比)を高く設定することができる。すなわち、定格出力時の最大流量に対する最小流量の値をより小さい値に設定することができる。
本実施形態の燃料供給装置100によれば、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102から第1バーナ221に供給される燃料ガスの流量がFr2(所定流量)未満となる低負荷領域においては、制御弁53が閉状態となり燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102から第1バーナ221に供給される燃料ガスの全量がパイロットノズル供給配管55からパイロットノズル221bに導かれる。この低負荷領域においては、制御弁53が閉状態であるため、燃料ガスの流量の二乗根に比例して燃料ガスの圧力が低下する。しかしながら、低負荷領域の流量範囲は下限値Fr1以上かつFr2未満の一定範囲内に限られるため、流量の変動に対する燃料ガスの圧力変動を抑制することができる。
換言すれば、本実施形態では、供給される燃料ガスの圧力に対するターンダウン比を高く設定することができ、定格出力時の最大流量に対する最小流量の値をより小さい値に設定することができる。
このようにすることで、LNGタンク400から燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102に供給される燃料ガスの流量を流量調整弁40により適量に調整することができる。
このようにすることで、燃料ガス供給ヘッダ102から第1バーナ221に供給される燃料ガスの流量がFr2(所定流量)以上となる高負荷領域においては、第1バーナ221に供給される燃料ガスの増加に応じて第1バーナ221の流路断面積を増大させ、所望の流量の燃料ガスを第1バーナ221へ供給するのに必要とされる燃料ガスの圧力を低減することができる。
このようにすることで、LNGタンク400から供給される燃料ガスを適正に加圧および加熱して第1バーナ221へ供給することができる。
以上においては、バーナ部220が第1バーナ221,第2バーナ222,第3バーナ223の3つのバーナを備え、燃料供給装置100が第1燃料供給部50,第2燃料供給部60,第3燃料供給部70の3つの燃料供給部を備えるものとしたが他の態様であってもよい。
例えば、バーナ部220が第1バーナ221のみを備え、燃料供給装置100が第1燃料供給部50のみを備える態様であってもよい。
また例えば、バーナ部220が4以上の複数のバーナを備え、燃料供給装置100がバーナの数と同数の複数の燃料供給部を備えるものとしてもよい。
また、以上においては、舶用ボイラ200が、再熱炉230および再熱器240を有するものとしたが、これらを有しない舶用ボイラとしてもよい。再熱炉230および再熱器240を有しない舶用ボイラに対して、前述した燃料供給装置100を適用することが可能である。
50 第1燃料供給部
53 制御弁(第1調整弁)
54 メインノズル供給配管(第2供給配管)
55 パイロットノズル供給配管(第3供給配管)
60 第2燃料供給部
70 第3燃料供給部
90 制御部
100 燃料供給装置
101 燃料ガス供給路
102 燃料ガス供給ヘッダ(第1供給配管)
200 舶用ボイラ
220 バーナ部
221 第1バーナ
221a メインノズル
221b パイロットノズル(副ノズル)
222 第2バーナ
222a メインノズル
222b パイロットノズル(副ノズル)
223 第3バーナ
223a メインノズル
223b パイロットノズル(副ノズル)
400 LNGタンク(供給源)
Claims (5)
- 舶用ボイラに用いられるとともに主ノズルと副ノズルとを有するバーナ部に燃料ガスを供給する燃料供給装置であって、
供給源から供給される前記燃料ガスを流通させる第1供給配管と、
前記第1供給配管から前記主ノズルへ前記燃料ガスを供給する第2供給配管と、
前記第1供給配管から前記副ノズルへ前記燃料ガスを供給する第3供給配管と、
前記第2供給配管に設けられ、前記第1供給配管から前記第2供給配管を介して前記主ノズルに導かれる前記燃料ガスの流量を調整する第1調整弁と、
前記第1調整弁の開度を制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記制御部が、前記第1供給配管から前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が所定流量未満である場合に閉状態とし、前記第1供給配管から前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が前記所定流量以上である場合に前記燃料ガスの流量の増加に応じて開度が増加するよう前記第1調整弁を制御する燃料供給装置。 - 前記供給源から前記第1供給配管に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量を調整する第2調整弁を備え、
前記制御部が、前記第2調整弁の開度を制御する請求項1に記載の燃料供給装置。 - 前記制御部が、前記第1供給配管から前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が前記所定流量以上である場合に、前記第2調整弁の開度の増加に応じて前記第1調整弁の開度が増加するよう前記第1調整弁を制御する請求項2に記載の燃料供給装置。
- 前記バーナ部と、
請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の燃料供給装置と、を備える舶用ボイラ。 - 舶用ボイラに用いられるとともに主ノズルと副ノズルとを有するバーナ部に燃料ガスを供給する燃料供給装置の制御方法であって、
前記燃料供給装置が、前記主ノズルに導かれる前記燃料ガスの流量と前記副ノズルに導かれる前記燃料ガスの流量との比率を調整する調整弁を有し、
前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が所定流量未満である場合に前記調整弁を閉状態とする第1制御工程と、
前記バーナ部に供給される前記燃料ガスの流量が前記所定流量以上である場合に前記燃料ガスの流量の増加に応じて開度が増加するよう前記調整弁を制御する第2制御工程と、を備える燃料供給装置の制御方法。
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