CN105102771A - 用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法 - Google Patents

用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法 Download PDF

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CN105102771A
CN105102771A CN201480020528.3A CN201480020528A CN105102771A CN 105102771 A CN105102771 A CN 105102771A CN 201480020528 A CN201480020528 A CN 201480020528A CN 105102771 A CN105102771 A CN 105102771A
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steam
temperature
hzu
intermediate superheater
auxiliary igniter
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CN105102771B (zh
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J·布鲁克纳
F·托马斯
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D13/00Combinations of two or more machines or engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/10Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/103Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
    • F01K23/105Regulating means specially adapted therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法,所述发电厂具有回收蒸汽发电机,所述回收蒸汽发电机具有换热器级(10–15),所述换热器级用于产生新鲜蒸汽(D)和/或来自燃气涡轮机的废气流(S)的用于蒸汽涡轮机的再加热器蒸汽(HZU),其中,在所述换热器级(10–15)的区域中,辅助点火器(F)配置在回收蒸汽发电机的烟风道(R)中。为了调节新鲜蒸汽(D)和/或再加热器蒸汽(HZU),紧随着使用所述辅助点火器(F),使至少一个注射冷却装置(20–23)操作。

Description

用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1前序部分的用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法。
背景技术
如今,现代发电厂不仅需要高效率,也需要最高可能的运转灵活性。除了短启动时间和高负荷变化速度以外,这还包括例如平衡电网中的频率扰动的可能性。取决于对于电网的国家特定的要求概略和相关的报酬模式,具体地在燃气和蒸汽发电厂的情况中,因此在峰值负荷范围,且燃气涡轮机已经全负荷运转时,利用使用辅助点火器的水蒸汽回路尽可能快地使电网额外功率可被使用可能是有利的。
在用作过热器或中间过热器的换热器级的区域中,使用一般配置在废热蒸汽发电机的烟风道内的辅助点火器增大了转移到水蒸汽回路的热功率,使得产生的蒸汽量增加,使得最终由蒸汽涡轮机释放的机械功率也增加。因此,新鲜蒸汽温度和中间过热器蒸汽的温度在辅助点火器打开时增大。在相反的情况中,这二者在辅助点火器关闭时再次下降。然而,新鲜蒸汽温度或者中间过热器蒸汽温度变化的速率受到与作为厚壁部件的蒸汽涡轮机有关的疲劳相关的限制。在仍然可能的是,当打开辅助点火器时,通过使用相关的注射冷却装置有效地对付蒸汽温度的不容许地快且大的增加、在相反的情况下对付注射量所需要的减少并非无限可能的。在最后的注射冷却装置最终关闭的瞬间,新鲜蒸汽或中间过热器蒸汽的期望的温度不能够利用辅助点火器功率的进一步减少来维持。蒸汽温度均开始变动。它们的变化速率然后直接与辅助点火器功率的变化速度关联,因此在非有利的情况下能够超过蒸汽涡轮机的最大许可变化速率。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供即使在负荷减小的情况下或者在完全关闭辅助点火器的情况下也能够保持新鲜蒸汽温度和中间过热器蒸汽温度两者的变化速率在可许可限制内。
该目的由用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法来实现,所述发电厂包括废热蒸汽发电机,所述废热蒸汽发电机具有使用燃气涡轮机的废气流、新鲜蒸汽和/或用于蒸汽涡轮机的中间过热器蒸汽发电的换热器级,其中,在换热器级的区域中,辅助点火器配置在废热蒸汽发电机的烟风道中,并且其中为了调节新鲜蒸汽和/或中间过热器蒸汽,紧随着使用辅助点火器,使至少一个注射冷却装置操作。因此,不论新鲜蒸汽或中间过热器蒸汽的实际温度如何,都能够使注射冷却装置紧跟着(即,不存在显著的时间延迟,因此近乎同时)辅助点火器的使用而操作。因此,能够将新鲜蒸汽温度和中间过热器蒸汽温度在打开的辅助点火器的整个负荷范围内保持尽可能恒定。
优选地,在该背景下,当使用辅助点火器时,对于新鲜蒸汽或对于热中间过热器蒸汽的调定点温度应当被精确地设定为在打开辅助点火器之前实际测量的新鲜蒸汽或中间过热器蒸汽的温度。为安全起见,还能够设定例如为+1K的小温度差。在这些情况下,辅助点火器一打开,注射冷却装置就开始运转,使得随着辅助点火器功率增大,注射量也连续地增大。由于现在两个调定点温度被选择成使得辅助点火器一打开注射冷却器装置就开始操作,所以也能够确保在负荷减小的相反情况下,保持能够调节蒸汽温度直到辅助点火器关闭的点,因此能够保持这些为蒸汽温度恒定。
可选地,也可以仅借助于终端注射冷却装置控制蒸汽终端温度。这具有如下优势:由于仅利用终端注射冷却装置的调节使得能够实质上更快地对蒸汽温度的任意变化作出反应,所以,利用更优越的控制性能,新鲜蒸汽的温度和热中间过热器蒸汽的温度能够保持恒定。
如果由于高电网需求而要求辅助点火器的高变化速率,则这些现在能够在遵守蒸汽涡轮机的安全运转的情况下借助于根据本发明的方法来满足。在打开辅助点火器时,通过将调定点蒸汽温度与实际测量的蒸汽温度关联,注射冷却装置在辅助点火器的整个负荷范围内起作用,这意味着对于增加负荷和对于减小负荷而言,蒸汽温度都能够在辅助点火器的整个负荷范围内保持恒定。因此,辅助点火器运转不导致蒸汽涡轮机使用寿命的额外减少,这在新鲜蒸汽温度或中间过热器蒸汽温度随辅助点火器变动的情况中不能够被确保。在那种情况下,辅助点火器负荷的最大变化速率将由蒸汽涡轮机限制,使得在特定情况下不能够满足电网的要求,这可能实质上危害工厂使用的灵活性。事实上,由于在具有致动辅助点火器的情况中,效率更多地扮演着次要角色,所以,作为辅助点火器运转中增加的注射量的结果,工厂侧的效率的损失大体上呈现为能够被容许。
对于根据本发明的方法的优选的实施方式,另外可能的是,从效率的观点看能够实现最适宜的情况。在该背景下,预限定调定点蒸汽温度的步骤被与适当的工厂参数关联,使得一方面能够实现最大的可能的蒸汽温度(最小的注射要求),同时也确保了注射在辅助点火器的整个负荷范围内保持运转,这意味着即使在负荷减小的情况下也总是存在足够的注射储备。
本质上,根据本发明的方法因此确保了高工厂灵活性,同时确保了蒸汽涡轮机的材料保护用途。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图通过示例说明本发明。示出了烟风道R,热废气流S在该烟风道R中被供给至燃气涡轮机(未示出更多细节)。在烟风道R自身中,配置有多个换热器级10至15,来自流过热废气S的热能通过该多个换热器级10至15转移给作为工作介质的水蒸汽混合物以用于下游蒸汽涡轮机(未示出更多细节)。在这里示出的示例中,用于实际的水蒸汽回路的多个换热器级10至13串联连接,使得导入第一换热器级10的供给水W由作为预加热器的该第一换热器级以及随后的蒸发器和过热器逐渐加热,因而转变为蒸汽D。另外,在本示例性实施方式中,设置有另外的中间过热器回路,该中间过热器回路由用于中间过热的两个串联连接的换热器级14和15构成。来自蒸汽涡轮机的高压区段的冷中间过热器蒸汽KZU因此被重新加热并作为热中间过热器蒸汽HZU供给回蒸汽涡轮机。在换热器级10至15的区域中,还配置有辅助点火器F。根据本发明,为了调节新鲜蒸汽D和/或中间过热器蒸汽HZU,紧随着使用辅助点火器F,使配置在换热器级10至15之间和/或配置在换热器级10至15下游的注射冷却装置20至23的至少其中之一操作。需要用来调节新鲜蒸汽或中间过热器蒸汽的、用于辅助点火器F和注射冷却装置20至23的控制装置在这里通过各供应管线中相应的可控阀示意地表示。通过使燃料以被调节的方式供应并点燃,这些允许辅助点火器F打开,通过在喷水以被调节的方式供应到注射冷却装置,使得各注射冷却装置20至23操作。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法,所述发电厂具有废热蒸汽发电机,所述废热蒸汽发电机具有使用燃气涡轮机的废气流(S)、新鲜蒸汽(D)和/或用于蒸汽涡轮机的中间过热器蒸汽(HZU)发电的换热器级(10–15),其中,在所述换热器级(10–15)的区域中,辅助点火器(F)配置在所述废热蒸汽发电机的烟风道(R)中,其特征在于,
为了调节所述新鲜蒸汽(D)和/或所述中间过热器蒸汽(HZU),紧随着使用所述辅助点火器(F),使至少一个注射冷却装置(20–23)操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
在使用所述辅助点火器(F)时,对于所述新鲜蒸汽(D)或对于热的所述中间过热器蒸汽(HZU)的调定点温度被精确地设定为在打开所述辅助点火器(F)之前实际测量的所述新鲜蒸汽(D)的温度或所述中间过热器蒸汽(HZU)的温度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述新鲜蒸汽(D)和/或所述中间过热器蒸汽(HZU)仅仅利用配置在对应的最终换热器级(13、15)的下游的终端注射冷却装置(22、23)被调节。
CN201480020528.3A 2013-04-10 2014-03-26 用于发电厂的灵活运转的方法 Active CN105102771B (zh)

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EP13163024.6A EP2789813A1 (de) 2013-04-10 2013-04-10 Verfahren zum flexiblen Betrieb einer Kraftwerksanlage
PCT/EP2014/056028 WO2014166739A1 (de) 2013-04-10 2014-03-26 Verfahren zum flexiblen betrieb einer kraftwerksanlage

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JP2015525863A (ja) * 2012-07-06 2015-09-07 上海伏波▲環▼保▲設備▼有限公司 並流式ボイラー排煙ガス余熱回収システム
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US20030131601A1 (en) * 2002-01-07 2003-07-17 Parsons Energy & Chemicals Group, Inc. Sliding steam temperature for combined cycle power plants
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ES2647971T3 (es) 2017-12-27
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US20160040549A1 (en) 2016-02-11
WO2014166739A1 (de) 2014-10-16
JP2016520748A (ja) 2016-07-14
EP2964910B1 (de) 2017-08-16
CA2909159C (en) 2017-07-04
PL2964910T3 (pl) 2018-01-31
KR101813773B1 (ko) 2017-12-29
US10731525B2 (en) 2020-08-04
CA2909159A1 (en) 2014-10-16
EP2964910A1 (de) 2016-01-13
CN105102771B (zh) 2017-11-03
EP2789813A1 (de) 2014-10-15

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