WO2012165601A1 - 排熱回収ボイラおよび発電プラント - Google Patents
排熱回収ボイラおよび発電プラント Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012165601A1 WO2012165601A1 PCT/JP2012/064233 JP2012064233W WO2012165601A1 WO 2012165601 A1 WO2012165601 A1 WO 2012165601A1 JP 2012064233 W JP2012064233 W JP 2012064233W WO 2012165601 A1 WO2012165601 A1 WO 2012165601A1
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- heat recovery
- air
- exhaust heat
- recovery boiler
- gas
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/103—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
- F23C5/08—Disposition of burners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/103—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with afterburner in exhaust boiler
- F01K23/105—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/106—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with water evaporated or preheated at different pressures in exhaust boiler
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to an exhaust heat recovery boiler having an auxiliary combustion device and a power plant.
- the combined cycle power plant is a power plant in which an exhaust heat recovery boiler is combined with a gas turbine and a steam turbine.
- a high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is sent from the combustor to the gas turbine, and the generator is rotated by rotating the gas turbine by the expansion of the combustion gas.
- the exhaust gas is introduced into an exhaust heat recovery boiler, and steam is generated by the heat energy of the exhaust gas in the exhaust heat recovery boiler.
- the steam is sent to the steam turbine and turns the generator with the gas turbine.
- an exhaust heat recovery boiler is a boiler that generates steam corresponding to the heat of exhaust gas discharged from a gas turbine and supplies the steam to the steam turbine.
- Heat recovery boilers are increasing. This is because the output of the gas turbine decreases in summer and it is necessary to compensate for the decrease in the amount of steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler as the amount of exhaust gas decreases.
- other than steam turbines such as cogeneration plants and desalination plants This is to supply steam.
- the first stage auxiliary combustion device arranged on the most upstream side with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas emits exhaust gas. Since most of the oxygen contained therein is consumed, the amount of oxygen supplied to the second and subsequent auxiliary combustion devices downstream of the oxygen tends to be insufficient. In the burners of the auxiliary burners after the second stage, incomplete combustion may occur, and there is a problem that the concentration of harmful substances such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides increases.
- the auxiliary combustion device is provided with a plurality of burners. As the amount of fuel input is reduced, the combustion state in each burner tends to become unstable, and the concentration of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas is reduced. There was a problem that it was extremely high.
- an object of the present invention is to eliminate the problems of the prior art, maintain a good combustion state in each burner of the auxiliary combustion device, and reduce emission of gases such as carbon monoxide discharged from the auxiliary combustion device.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust heat recovery boiler and a power plant that are made possible.
- the present invention provides a gas turbine comprising a plurality of heat exchangers having a superheater, an evaporator, and a economizer along a flow direction of exhaust gas from a gas turbine.
- a gas turbine comprising a plurality of heat exchangers having a superheater, an evaporator, and a economizer along a flow direction of exhaust gas from a gas turbine.
- an auxiliary combustion device that heats the exhaust gas by burning a plurality of burners on the upstream side of any one of the heat exchangers, and a plurality of the auxiliary combustion devices
- Each of the burners is provided with an air supply device that additionally supplies air from the outside of the duct.
- a plurality of heat exchangers having a superheater, an evaporator, and a economizer are arranged in a duct along the flow direction of the exhaust gas from the turbine, and steam is generated using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine.
- an auxiliary combustion device that burns a plurality of burners to heat the exhaust gas, and a harmful gas in the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust heat recovery boiler Means for extinguishing any one of the burners or a plurality of burners among the burners provided in the auxiliary burner so that the concentration does not exceed the limit value.
- the present invention includes a gas turbine that rotationally drives a turbine with high-temperature, high-pressure combustion gas, and a plurality of heat exchangers having a superheater, an evaporator, and a economizer along the flow direction of exhaust gas from the gas turbine.
- An exhaust heat recovery boiler that is disposed in the duct and generates steam using the exhaust gas of the gas turbine, a steam turbine driven by the steam generated in the exhaust heat recovery boiler, and driven by the gas turbine and the steam turbine
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler on the upstream side of any one of the heat exchangers, an auxiliary combustion device that burns a plurality of burners to heat the exhaust gas, and a plurality of auxiliary combustion devices
- Each of the burners is provided with an air supply device that additionally supplies air from the outside of the duct.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a power plant to which an exhaust heat recovery boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an exhaust heat recovery boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a burner arrangement of a first stage auxiliary burner installed in the exhaust heat recovery boiler of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a burner arrangement of a second stage auxiliary burner installed in the exhaust heat recovery boiler of FIG. 2.
- 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the load of the gas turbine and the valve opening degree of the air regulating valve in the auxiliary combustion device of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the fuel input amount and the valve opening of the air regulating valve in the auxiliary combustion device of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of fuel input and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the auxiliary combustion device of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a combined cycle type power plant to which an exhaust heat recovery boiler according to the present embodiment is applied.
- reference numeral 10 indicates a generator
- 12 indicates a steam turbine
- 14 indicates a gas turbine
- Reference numeral 16 indicates an exhaust heat recovery boiler.
- the generator 10 is connected by the same drive shaft 18 as the steam turbine 12 and the gas turbine 14.
- An air compressor 20 is connected to the drive shaft 18.
- the air compressor 20 compresses air A sucked from the outside into a high temperature and high pressure and supplies the compressed air to the combustor 22.
- the compressed air is mixed with the fuel supplied from the fuel system 24 and burned, and high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas is sent to the gas turbine 14.
- the turbine of the gas turbine 14 is rotationally driven, and the generator 10 rotates.
- the exhaust gas 25 discharged from the gas turbine 14 is guided to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 through the exhaust duct 26.
- a high temperature superheater 28 in order from the upstream side along the flow direction of the exhaust gas 25 discharged from the gas turbine 14,
- Four types of heat exchangers such as an evaporator 32 and a economizer 34 are installed.
- a steam drum 36 is installed in the evaporator 32.
- the economizer 34 heats the boiler feed water with the heat of the exhaust gas 25 and then supplies it to the steam drum 36.
- the steam drum 36 performs gas-liquid separation of the saturated steam generated in the evaporator 32, and maintains a balance with the saturated steam by maintaining the interior at a predetermined water level.
- the water that has been gas-liquid separated by the steam drum 36 is reintroduced into the evaporator 32.
- the saturated steam inside the steam drum 36 is sent to the low-temperature superheater 30 through the saturated steam pipe 38 and superheated here, and further guided to the high-temperature superheater 28 where the steam is further superheated.
- a temperature reducer 40 for adjusting the steam temperature is installed between the low temperature superheater 30 and the high temperature superheater 28.
- An outlet pipe 42 is connected to the boiler outlet of the high-temperature superheater 28, and the superheated steam superheated by the high-temperature superheater 28 is sent to the steam turbine 12 through the outlet pipe 42 and performs expansion work to perform the steam turbine. 12 is rotated.
- the steam that has finished the work is led to the condenser 43 and returned to the water, and then sent to the feed water pump 46 through the condensate return pipe 45, where it is pressurized and returned to the economizer 34.
- auxiliary combustion devices 50 and 52 are installed as follows.
- the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 is disposed at the most upstream position in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 25, and is installed upstream of the high-temperature superheater 28 in the case of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 of this embodiment. Yes.
- a plurality of burners 51 are installed toward the high-temperature superheater 28 on the downstream side.
- the first fuel supply pipe 54 is provided with a fuel adjustment valve 56 and a fuel cutoff valve 57, and controls the amount of fuel to be burned by the burner 51 by adjusting the opening of the fuel adjustment valve 56. Yes. When all the burners 51 are extinguished, the fuel cutoff valve 57 is closed.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the burners 51 and the fuel supply pipes to the burners 51 in the first stage auxiliary burner 50.
- the first fuel supply pipe 54 branches to the fuel supply pipes 58a and 58b downstream of the fuel adjustment valve 56.
- four burners 51 are provided in the fuel supply pipes 58a and 58b, respectively.
- 59 are connected in parallel. When the fuel cutoff valve 59 is closed, each burner 51 is extinguished individually.
- the second stage auxiliary burner 52 is disposed downstream of the first stage auxiliary burner 50, in this embodiment, upstream of the evaporator 32.
- a plurality of burners 53 are installed toward the evaporator 32 on the downstream side.
- the second fuel supply pipe 55 is provided with a fuel adjustment valve 60 that adjusts the amount of fuel input and a fuel cutoff valve 61 that closes when all the burners 53 are extinguished.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the arrangement of the burners 53 in the second stage auxiliary burner 52, fuel supply piping to each burner 53, and air ducts. Similar to the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50, the second fuel supply pipe 55 branches to the fuel supply pipes 63a and 63b downstream of the fuel adjustment valve 60. In this embodiment, the fuel supply pipe 63a, Four burners 53 are connected to 63 b in parallel via fuel cutoff valves 64. When the fuel cutoff valve 64 is closed, each burner 51 is extinguished individually.
- the air sent from the fan 65 flows through the air ducts 66a and 66b and is introduced into each burner 53.
- An air amount adjusting valve 68 is provided at an air inflow portion of each burner 53. In the air amount adjusting valve 68, the opening degree of the valve is adjusted by an actuator 69.
- reference numeral 70 indicates a control device that controls ignition, extinguishing operation, and air supply amount of the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 and the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52.
- the flow rate of the fuel flowing through the fuel system 24 is detected by the flow meter 62 and input to the control device 70.
- the exhaust duct for guiding the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 to the chimney is provided with a gas sensor 72 for detecting the concentration of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.
- the gas concentration detection signal 72 is introduced into the control device 70.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler according to the present embodiment is configured as described above. Next, the operation thereof will be described. First, the operation of the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 and the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52 in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 will be described.
- the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52 is arranged upstream of the evaporator 32, when the exhaust gas 25 is heated by the flame ejected from the burner 53, the evaporator 32 is mainly used in the evaporator 32. The amount of evaporation can be increased.
- the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 is disposed upstream of the high temperature superheater 28 and the low temperature superheater 30, when the exhaust gas 25 is heated by the flame blown from the burner 51, The degree of superheat of steam in the high temperature superheater 28 and the low temperature superheater 30 can be increased.
- the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 When operating the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 without igniting the auxiliary combustion devices 50 and 52, when the amount of steam is insufficient and the amount of steam to be supplied to the steam turbine 12 is increased, the first stage The burner 53 of the auxiliary burner 52 is ignited, and the amount of fuel input to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 is increased. If the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 is operated from the first stage, the high temperature exhaust gas 25 will overheat the high temperature superheater 28 and the low temperature superheater 30 while the evaporation amount is not sufficient, which is not preferable. .
- the fuel is also supplied to the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 and burned by the burner 51. If the temperature of the exhaust gas 25 is not increased by heating with the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50, the superheat of the steam in the high temperature superheater 28 and the low temperature superheater 30 will not be sufficient, and the steam temperature at the boiler outlet will decrease. This is because there is a risk of it.
- the first stage auxiliary combustion device 50 is sufficiently supplied with oxygen by the exhaust gas 25. Therefore, the combustion state is stabilized.
- the exhaust gas 25 in which oxygen has been consumed in the first stage auxiliary combustion apparatus 50 is supplied to the second stage auxiliary combustion apparatus 52, oxygen tends to be deficient. The state may become unstable.
- the fan 65 is rotated and air is allowed to flow through the air ducts 66a and 66b so that unstable combustion due to lack of oxygen does not occur in the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52.
- the burner 53 is supplied. By doing so, oxygen can be additionally supplied to each burner 53 of the second stage auxiliary burner 52, so that a stable combustion state can be secured, and the second stage auxiliary burner 52 is secured.
- the emission of harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide, can be suppressed in advance.
- the control device 70 monitors the concentration of the harmful gas such as carbon monoxide discharged from the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52, and controls the valve opening degree of the air amount adjustment valve 68. It is controlled automatically and always maintains the optimal combustion state.
- the load of the gas turbine 14 and the amount of fuel input are also involved in addition to the amount of air. .
- the reason why the combustion state becomes unstable and the emission amount of carbon monoxide or the like increases in the second stage auxiliary combustor 52 is that the gas turbine 14 is operated at a high load and the second stage auxiliary combustor 52 This is noticeable when the amount of fuel input is low.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the load of the gas turbine 14 and the valve opening degree of the air amount adjustment valve 68.
- the flow rate of the exhaust gas 25 supplied from the gas turbine 14 to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 is small. Is set to fully open. As the load on the gas turbine 14 gradually increases, the flow rate of the exhaust gas 25 also increases accordingly. Therefore, when the preset load L1 is reached, air is supplied to each burner 53 of the second stage auxiliary combustor 52. Therefore, the control device 70 reduces the valve opening degree of the air regulating valve 68 so as not to become excessive.
- an optimal opening for the load is set in advance so that the concentration of harmful gas such as carbon monoxide in the gas discharged from the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52 does not exceed the limit value. For example, it is decreased linearly as shown in FIG. In this way, the valve opening of the air amount adjustment valve 68 is reduced as the load of the gas turbine 14 increases, so that the air adjustment valve 68 is optimal for each burner 53 of the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52. A quantity of air is supplied and the combustion state can be stabilized.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of fuel input to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 and the valve opening of the air amount adjustment valve 68.
- the opening of the air adjustment valve 68 is large, the amount of air to each burner 53 becomes excessive. A proper valve opening is set, and combustion in each burner 53 is stabilized.
- the control device 70 has a flow meter 62 so that the concentration of harmful gas such as carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas does not exceed the limit value.
- the opening of the air adjustment valve 68 is increased to increase the amount of air to be supplied.
- valve opening change pattern shown in FIG. 6 are combined to monitor the load of the gas turbine 14 and the fuel input amount at the same time while opening the air adjustment valve 68. May be automatically adjusted.
- the amount of exhaust gas supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 16 increases, so that the same amount of fuel is input to the second stage auxiliary combustor 52. Even so, the higher the output of the gas turbine 14, the greater the amount of steam generated.
- the amount of fuel input to the second stage auxiliary burner 52 may be reduced.
- the combustion state in each burner 53 tends to become unstable, and the concentration of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide becomes extremely high.
- some burners 53 are extinguished as shown in FIG. 7 so that the concentration of harmful gas such as carbon monoxide does not exceed a predetermined limit value.
- the horizontal axis indicates the amount of fuel input to the second-stage auxiliary burner 52
- the vertical axis indicates the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas discharged from the second-stage auxiliary burner 52.
- the concentration Cmax of carbon monoxide is a limit value.
- Curve A shows the change in the carbon monoxide concentration when all the burners 53 of the second stage auxiliary combustor 52 are ignited. As the fuel input decreases, the carbon monoxide concentration gradually increases.
- the control device 70 monitors the concentration of carbon monoxide discharged from the second stage auxiliary combustion device 52 based on the output signal of the gas sensor 72, and when the carbon monoxide concentration approaches the limit value Cmax. Before that, for example, half, in this case, the fuel cutoff valves 64 of the four burners 53 are closed to extinguish the fire.
- the remaining four burners 53 are ignited, and the fuel input amount per unit increases, so the amount of oxygen supplied per burner 53 together with the fuel As a result, the combustion state is stabilized, and as a result, the carbon monoxide concentration can be greatly reduced.
- an arbitrary fuel cutoff valve 59 may be closed to extinguish a part of the eight burners 51.
- the exhaust heat recovery boiler according to the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiment of the exhaust heat recovery boiler provided with the first stage auxiliary combustion device and the second stage auxiliary combustion device.
- this embodiment is an example.
- the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
- exhaust heat recovery boiler of the present invention is not limited to a steam turbine, but can be applied to, for example, a plant that supplies steam to a desalination plant or the like.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明による排熱回収ボイラの一実施形態について、添付の図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1は、本実施形態による排熱回収ボイラが適用されるコンバインドサイクル型の発電プラントの系統図である。
このうち、第1段目の助燃装置50は、排ガス25の流れ方向において最上流の位置に配置され、この実施形態の排熱回収ボイラ16の場合、高温過熱器28の上流側に設置されている。この第1段目の助燃装置50には、複数のバーナ51が下流側の高温過熱器28に向けて設置されている。第1の燃料供給配管54には、燃料調整弁56と燃料遮断弁57が配設されており、バーナ51で燃焼させる燃料投入量を燃料調整弁56の開度を調整することで制御している。すべてのバーナ51を消火するときには燃料遮断弁57が閉じるようになっている。
まず、第1段目の助燃装置50と第2段目の助燃装置52の排熱回収ボイラ16における作用について説明する。
図5において、ガスタービン14が低負荷領域で運転されているときは、このガスタービン14から排熱回収ボイラ16に供給される排ガス25の流量は少ないので、空気量調整弁68の弁開度は全開に設定されている。ガスタービン14の負荷が次第に増大していくと、それに伴って排ガス25の流量も増大していくので、予め設定した負荷L1に達したら、第2段目の助燃装置52の各バーナ53に空気が過剰にならないように、制御装置70は空気調整弁68の弁開度を絞っていく。このとき弁開度については、第2段目の助燃装置52から排出されるガス中の一酸化炭素等の有害ガスの濃度が制限値を超えないように、負荷に対する最適な開度をあらかじめ設定しておき、例えば、図5に示すように直線的に減少させる。
このように、ガスタービン14の負荷増大に応じて空気量調整弁68の弁開度は絞られていくので、第2段目の助燃装置52の各バーナ53には、空気調整弁68により最適量の空気が供給され、燃焼状態を安定させることができる。
図6において、第2段目の助燃装置52への燃料投入量が少ない領域では、空気調整弁68の開度が大きいと、各バーナ53への空気量が過剰になってしまうので、あらかじめ適正な弁開度を設定しておき、各バーナ53での燃焼を安定させる。燃料投入量が増大していくと、燃焼に必要な空気量も増えるので、排出ガス中の一酸化炭素等の有害ガスの濃度が制限値を超えないように、制御装置70は、流量計62により燃料投入量を監視しながら、予め設定した燃料投入量F1を超えてから、空気調整弁68の開度を大きくしていって、供給する空気量を増やしていく。
第2段目の助燃装置52への燃料投入量を減らしていくと、各バーナ53での燃焼状態が不安定になり易く、一酸化炭素等の有害ガスの濃度が極端に高くなる特性を示す場合がある。このような場合、一酸化炭素等の有害ガスの濃度が所定の制限値を超えないように、図7に示すように、いくつかのバーナ53を消火することになる。
Claims (23)
- ガスタービンからの排ガスの流れ方向にそって過熱器、蒸発器、節炭器を有する複数の熱交換器がダクト内に配置され、前記ガスタービンの排ガスを利用して蒸気を発生する排熱回収ボイラにおいて、
いずれかの前記熱交換器の上流側で、複数のバーナを燃焼させて前記排ガスを加熱する助燃装置と、
前記助燃装置の複数のバーナのいずれかに、前記ダクトの外部から空気を追加的に供給する空気供給装置と、
を具備したことを特徴とする排熱回収ボイラ。 - 前記助燃装置は、前記過熱器の上流側で前記排ガスを加熱する第1の助燃装置と、前記蒸発器の上流側で前記排ガスを加熱する第2の助燃装置と、を有し、前記空気供給装置は、前記第2の助燃装置の各バーナに空気を供給することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記空気供給装置は、前記第2の助燃装置の各バーナに空気を供給する通路となる空気ダクトと、空気を前記各バーナに向けて前記空気ダクトに空気を強制的に流すファンと、を備えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記空気供給装置は、前記第2の助燃装置の各バーナに供給する空気量を調整する空気量調整手段をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項2または3に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記排熱回収ボイラから排出される排ガス中の有害ガスの濃度を検出する手段をさらに備え、前記有害ガスの特定成分濃度が制限値を超えないように前記空気量調整手段を操作し空気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記ガスタービンの負荷に応じて、有害ガスの特定成分濃度が制限値を超えないように前記空気量調整手段を操作し空気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記カスタービンの負荷が増大することに応じて、前記空気量調整手段の弁開度を絞っていくことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記ガスタービンが低負荷で運転されているときには、前記空気量調整手段の弁開度を全開にし、負荷が増大し予め設定した負荷の設定値を越えた後は、前記弁開度を直線的に減少させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記第2の助燃装置への燃料投入量に応じて、有害ガスの特定成分濃度が制限値を超えないように前記空気量調整手段を操作し空気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記第2の助燃装置への燃料投入量が少ない領域では、前記空気量調整手段の弁開度を予め設定した適正な開示に保ち、燃料投入量が増加し予め設定した所定の燃料投入量を超えた後は、前記弁開度を徐々に大きくすることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- 前記排熱回収ボイラから排出される排ガス中の有害ガスの濃度が制限値を超えないように、前記第2の助燃装置の備えるバーナのうち、いずれか任意のバーナを消火する手段をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の排熱回収ボイラ。
- ガスタービンからの排ガスの流れ方向にそって過熱器、蒸発器、節炭器を有する複数の熱交換器がダクト内に配置され、前記ガスタービンの排ガスを利用して蒸気を発生する排熱回収ボイラにおいて、
いずれかの前記熱交換器の上流側で、複数のバーナを燃焼させて前記排ガスを加熱する助燃装置と、
前記排熱回収ボイラから排出される排ガス中の有害ガスの濃度が制限値を超えないように、前記助燃装置の備えるバーナのうち、いずれか任意のバーナを消火する手段と、
を具備したことを特徴とする排熱回収ボイラ。 - 高温、高圧の燃焼ガスによってタービンを回転駆動するガスタービンと、
ガスタービンからの排ガスの流れ方向にそって過熱器、蒸発器、節炭器を有する複数の熱交換器がダクト内に配置され、前記ガスタービンの排ガスを利用して蒸気を発生する排熱回収ボイラと、
前記排熱回収ボイラで発生した蒸気により駆動される蒸気タービンと、
前記ガスタービンおよび蒸気タービンによって駆動される発電機と、を備え、
前記排熱回収ボイラは、
いずれかの前記熱交換器の上流側で、複数のバーナを燃焼させて前記排ガスを加熱する助燃装置と、
前記助燃装置の複数のバーナのいずれかに、前記ダクトの外部から空気を追加的に供給する空気供給装置と、
を具備したことを特徴とする発電プラント。 - 前記助燃装置は、前記過熱器の上流側で前記排ガスを加熱する第1の助燃装置と、前記蒸発器の上流側で前記排ガスを加熱する第2の助燃装置と、を有し、前記空気供給装置は、前記第2の助燃装置の各バーナに空気を供給することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記空気供給装置は、前記第2の助燃装置の各バーナに空気を供給する通路となる空気ダクトと、空気を前記各バーナに向けて前記空気ダクトに空気を強制的に流すファンと、を備えることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記空気供給装置は、前記第2の助燃装置の各バーナに供給する空気量を調整する空気量調整手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項14または15に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記排熱回収ボイラから排出される排ガス中の有害ガスの濃度を検出する手段をさらに備え、前記有害ガスの特定成分濃度が制限値を超えないように前記空気量調整手段を操作し空気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項16に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記ガスタービンの負荷に応じて、有害ガスの特定成分濃度が制限値を超えないように前記空気量調整手段を操作し空気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記カスタービンの負荷が増大することに応じて、前記空気量調整手段の弁開度を絞っていくことを特徴とする請求項18に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記ガスタービンが低負荷で運転されているときには、前記空気量調整手段の弁開度を全開にし、負荷が増大し予め設定した負荷の設定値を越えた後は、前記弁開度を直線的に減少させることを特徴とする請求項18に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記第2の助燃装置への燃料投入量に応じて、有害ガスの特定成分濃度が制限値を超えないように前記空気量調整手段を操作し空気量を制御することを特徴とする請求項18に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記第2の助燃装置への燃料投入量が少ない領域では、前記空気量調整手段の弁開度を予め設定した適正な開示に保ち、燃料投入量が増加し予め設定した所定の燃料投入量を超えた後は、前記弁開度を徐々に大きくすることを特徴とする請求項21に記載の発電プラント。
- 前記排熱回収ボイラから排出される排ガス中の有害ガスの濃度が制限値を超えないように、前記第2の助燃装置の備えるバーナのうち、いずれかのバーナを消火する手段をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項16に記載の発電プラント。
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EP3037635B1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-08-09 | Alfa Laval Corporate AB | Exhaust gas treatment system and method, as well as ship comprising, and use of, such a system |
KR102132044B1 (ko) * | 2015-06-16 | 2020-07-09 | 현대중공업파워시스템 주식회사 | 복합 화력발전 시스템 |
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