WO2017154922A1 - 固体電解質、全固体電池、固体電解質の製造方法及び全固体電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解質、全固体電池、固体電解質の製造方法及び全固体電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0068—Solid electrolytes inorganic
- H01M2300/0071—Oxides
- H01M2300/0074—Ion conductive at high temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid electrolyte, an all-solid battery, a method for producing a solid electrolyte, and a method for producing an all-solid battery.
- Patent Document 1 describes an all solid state battery in which an electrolyte membrane is a NaSICON type membrane.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that the chemical formula Li 1 + x M x Zr 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 (wherein M is at least one element selected from Al and rare earths, and x is 0.1 to 1.9).
- the main object of the present invention is to improve the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer and to improve the battery characteristics of the all-solid battery.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention has a NaSICON type crystal structure.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention has a general formula Li 1 + a Zr 2-b Mc (PO 4 ) 3 (part of Li is at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag and Ca).
- P may be substituted with at least one of B and Si, and M may stabilize or partially stabilize the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2. -0.50 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.00, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.90, 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 1.90).
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention has a NaSICON type crystal structure, and has a general formula Li 1 + a Zr 2-b Mc (PO 4 ) 3 (part of Li is Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag and Ca). May be substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of: a part of P may be substituted with at least one of B and Si; and M is a tetragonal or cubic crystal of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2. -0.50 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.00, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.90, 0.01 ⁇ c, including at least one element capable of stabilizing or partially stabilizing the crystal structure of the crystal. ⁇ 1.90). For this reason, the solid electrolyte layer of high ion conductivity is realizable by using the solid electrolyte which concerns on this invention. Therefore, an all solid state battery having excellent battery characteristics can be realized.
- Y, Ca, Mg, Sc as at least one element that can stabilize or partially stabilize the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase in which M is ZrO 2. And at least one selected from the group consisting of lanthanoid elements.
- M is composed of Y, Ca, and Mg as at least one element that can stabilize or partially stabilize the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2. More preferably, it contains at least one selected from the group.
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Sc, In, Ge, Ti, Ru, Sn, Hf, Ce, V, Nb, Ta, Bi, and W. It is preferable that an element is further included.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention has a general formula Li 1 + a Zr 2-b M1 c1 M2 c2 (PO 4 ) 3 (part of Li is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag and Ca) It may be substituted with at least one, a part of P may be substituted with at least one of B and Si, and M1 stabilizes the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2 Or at least one element that can be partially stabilized, M2 from Al, Ga, Sc, In, Ge, Ti, Ru, Sn, Hf, Ce, V, Nb, Ta, Bi and W At least one element selected from the group consisting of: ⁇ 0.50 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.00, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.90, 0.01 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.90, 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 1.89) is a solid electrolyte preferable.
- the all solid state battery according to the present invention includes a solid electrolyte layer, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode.
- the solid electrolyte layer includes the solid electrolyte according to the present invention.
- the positive electrode is joined to one surface of the solid electrolyte layer by sintering.
- the negative electrode is joined to the other surface of the solid electrolyte layer by sintering.
- a solid electrolyte is synthesized using stabilized or partially stabilized zirconia.
- a solid electrolyte capable of forming a solid electrolyte layer having high ionic conductivity can be produced.
- a solid electrolyte is synthesized using partially stabilized zirconia partially stabilized by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Ca, Mg, Sc, and a lanthanoid element. It is preferable to do.
- a solid electrolyte is obtained by using stabilized zirconia stabilized by at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Ca and Mg or partially stabilized zirconia partially stabilized. It is more preferable to synthesize.
- an all-solid battery is obtained by joining a solid electrolyte layer containing a solid electrolyte produced using the method for producing a solid electrolyte according to the present invention and an electrode by sintering. .
- the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer can be improved, and the battery characteristics of the all-solid battery can be improved.
- FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a solid electrolyte layer produced in each of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a coll-coll plot of the solid electrolyte produced in Example 1.
- 4 is a coll-coll plot of the solid electrolyte produced in Comparative Example 1.
- 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a solid electrolyte layer produced in each of Examples 9 to 15.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an all solid state battery 1 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a negative electrode 12, a positive electrode 11, and a solid electrolyte layer 13 are provided.
- the positive electrode 11 includes positive electrode active material particles.
- the positive electrode active material particles preferably used include, for example, lithium-containing phosphate compound particles having a NASICON type structure, lithium-containing phosphate compound particles having an olivine type structure, lithium-containing layered oxide particles, and lithium containing a spinel type structure. Examples thereof include oxide particles.
- Specific examples of the lithium-containing phosphoric acid compound having a NASICON structure that is preferably used include Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and the like.
- Specific examples of the lithium-containing phosphate compound having an olivine structure that is preferably used include LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 .
- lithium-containing layered oxide particles preferably used include LiCoO 2 , LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and the like.
- Specific examples of the lithium-containing oxide having a spinel structure preferably used include LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 . Only 1 type in these positive electrode active material particles may be used, and multiple types may be mixed and used.
- the positive electrode 11 may further contain a solid electrolyte.
- the kind of solid electrolyte contained in the positive electrode 11 is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the same kind of solid electrolyte as the solid electrolyte contained in the solid electrolyte layer 13 is included.
- the negative electrode 12 includes negative electrode active material particles.
- the negative electrode active material particles preferably used include, for example, MO X (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Si, Sn, Cr, Fe, Nb, and Mo. 0.9 ⁇ Compound particles represented by X ⁇ 2.5), graphite-lithium compound particles, lithium alloy particles, lithium-containing phosphate compound particles having NASICON type structure, lithium-containing phosphate compound particles having olivine type structure, spinel type structure And lithium-containing oxide particles.
- Specific examples of the lithium alloy preferably used include a Li—Al alloy.
- Specific examples of the lithium-containing phosphate compound having an olivine structure that is preferably used include Li 3 Fe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and the like.
- Specific examples of lithium-containing oxides having a spinel structure that are preferably used include Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . Only 1 type in these negative electrode active material particles may be used, and multiple types may be mixed and used.
- the negative electrode 12 may further contain a solid electrolyte.
- the kind of solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 12 is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the same kind of solid electrolyte as the solid electrolyte contained in the solid electrolyte layer 13 is included.
- a solid electrolyte layer 13 is disposed between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12. That is, the positive electrode 11 is disposed on one side of the solid electrolyte layer 13 and the negative electrode 12 is disposed on the other side. Each of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 is joined to the solid electrolyte layer 13 by sintering. That is, the positive electrode 11, the solid electrolyte layer 13, and the negative electrode 12 are an integral sintered body.
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 has a NaSICON type crystal structure.
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 is substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, and Ca, with a general formula Li 1 + a Zr 2-b Mc (PO 4 ) 3 (part of Li) Part of P may be substituted with at least one of B and Si, and M may stabilize or partially stabilize the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2.
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 has high ionic conductivity. Therefore, the all solid state battery 1 having the solid electrolyte layer 13 is excellent in battery characteristics such as output density.
- the addition of M facilitates the formation of a high ion conduction phase in the solid electrolyte.
- M that cannot be dissolved in the NaSICON type solid electrolyte is generated, and the M forms a different phase, so that the ionic conductivity is considered to be low. Accordingly, in the above general formula, 0.01 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.38 is preferable, and 0.02 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.20 is more preferable.
- M include lanthanoid elements such as Y, Ca, Mg, Sc and Ce.
- M is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Y, Ca, Mg, Sc and lanthanoid elements. The reason why high ionic conductivity can be realized by using Y, Ca, and Mg as M is not clear, but it is considered that a high ionic conductive phase is more easily formed and maintained.
- M in the above general formula preferably further contains another element that maintains the NaSICON type crystal structure even if it is substituted with Zr in the above general formula.
- M in the above general formula is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Sc, In, Ge, Ti, Ru, Sn, Hf, Ce, V, Nb, Ta, Bi, and W. It is preferable to further contain these elements. This is because the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte can be further increased in this case. The reason for this is not clear, but it is considered that a high ion conduction phase is more easily formed.
- the solid electrolyte according to the present invention has a general formula Li 1 + a Zr 2-b M1 c1 M2 c2 (PO 4 ) 3 (part of Li is composed of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, and Ca). It may be substituted with at least one selected from the group, a part of P may be substituted with at least one of B and Si, and M1 is a tetragonal or cubic crystal of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2 M2 is Al, Ga, Sc, In, Ge, Ti, Ru, Sn, Hf, Ce, V, Nb, Ta, which is at least one element that can stabilize or partially stabilize the crystal structure.
- Bi and W at least one element selected from the group consisting of -0.50 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.00, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.90, 0.01 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.90, 0 .01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 1.89) It is preferable that From the viewpoint of forming a NaSICON type crystal structure, 0.01 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.90 is preferable, and 0.01 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.60 is more preferable. Similarly, from the viewpoint of forming a NaSICON type crystal structure, 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 1.89 is preferable, and 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 1.79 is more preferable.
- a part of Li may be substituted with at least one selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag and Ca.
- at least one molar ratio selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag and Ca with respect to Li selected from the group consisting of (Li) / (Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag and Ca).
- the at least one kind is preferably from 1 to 289, more preferably from 5 to 150.
- a part of P may be substituted with at least one of B and Si.
- the molar ratio of at least one of B and Si to P ((at least one of B and Si) / (P)) is preferably 0.0 or more and 2.0 or less, and 0.0 or more and 0.0. More preferably, it is 5 or less.
- ⁇ 0.15 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.70 is preferable, and ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.50 is more preferable. It is preferable that 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.60, and more preferably 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.00.
- the compound represented by the above general formula has 12 oxygens
- the number of oxygen contained in the compound represented by the above general formula is from the viewpoint of maintaining the neutrality of the positive charge and the negative charge. The number is not necessarily exactly 12.
- the compound represented by the general formula Li 1 + x Zr 2 + y M ⁇ z M ⁇ w (PO 4 ) 3 includes those containing 7 mol or more and 15 mol or less of oxygen.
- a raw material to be a Li source, a raw material to be a Zr source, a raw material to be an M source, and a raw material to be a P source are weighed at a desired ratio and mixed.
- the obtained mixed powder is temporarily fired to prepare a temporarily fired body.
- a solid electrolyte can be obtained by baking the obtained temporary fired body.
- a Zr source a partial stabilization that is partially stabilized by an element that can stabilize or partially stabilize the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2 contained in M. Zirconia is used. For this reason, the solid electrolyte which has high ionic conductivity can be manufactured.
- the content of elements capable of stabilizing or partially stabilizing the tetragonal or cubic crystal structure of the high-temperature phase of ZrO 2 is based on the Zr content. 0.01 mol% or more and 20.0 mol% or less is preferable, 0.10 mol% or more and 15.0 mol% or less is more preferable, and 1.00 mol% or more and 10.0 mol% or less is preferable. More preferably.
- a paste is prepared by appropriately mixing a solvent, a resin, and the like with the active material particles and the solid electrolyte.
- the paste is applied on the sheet and dried to form a first green sheet for constituting the positive electrode 11.
- a second green sheet for forming the negative electrode 12 is formed.
- a paste is prepared by appropriately mixing a solvent, a resin and the like with the solid electrolyte.
- the paste is applied and dried to produce a third green sheet for constituting the solid electrolyte layer 13.
- a laminate is produced by appropriately laminating the first to third green sheets. You may press the produced laminated body. As a preferable pressing method, an isostatic pressing or the like can be mentioned.
- the all-solid-state battery 1 can be obtained by sintering the laminate.
- M2 is Al, Ga, Sc, In, Ge, Ti, Ru, Sn, Hf, Ce, V, Nb, Ta, Bi and At least one element selected from the group consisting of W, -0.50 ⁇ a ⁇ 2.00, 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.90, 0.01 ⁇ c1 ⁇ 0.90, 0.01 ⁇ c2 ⁇ 1.89) An electrolyte was synthesized.
- the obtained fired product was sealed in a 500 ml polyethylene polypot together with water and ⁇ 5 mm cobblestone, and pulverized by rotating at 150 rpm for 16 hours on the pot rack. Then, the water
- Example 1 The raw materials containing lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) as raw materials are shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed so as to have the composition shown.
- Example 2 The raw materials containing lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), and calcium oxide (CaO) as raw materials have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 3 The raw materials containing lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), and magnesium oxide (MgO) as raw materials have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 4 The raw materials containing lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) and scandium oxide (Sc 2 O 3 ) as raw materials are shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed so as to have the composition shown.
- Example 5 Compositions shown in Table 1 below include raw materials containing lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ).
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium carbonate
- ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- CeO 2 cerium oxide
- Example 6 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is not used as a raw material, but yttrium-stabilized zirconia (Y 0.06 Zr 1.94 O 1.97 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH A solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the raw material containing 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 7 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is not used as a raw material, calcium-stabilized zirconia (Ca 0.06 Zr 1.94 O 1.94 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH A solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the raw material containing 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 8 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) is not used as a raw material, magnesium stabilized zirconia (Mg 0.08 Zr 1.92 O 1.92 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH A solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the raw material containing 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 9 As raw materials, zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials to synthesize yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.99: 0.01. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
- Y 2 O 3 yttrium oxide
- Y 2 O 3 yttrium oxide
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- Example 10 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.98: 0.02 was synthesized. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium carbonate
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- Example 11 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.90: 0.10 was synthesized. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium carbonate
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- Example 12 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.80: 0.20 was synthesized. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- Example 13 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.78: 0.22 was synthesized. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium carbonate
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- Example 14 As raw materials, zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials to synthesize yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.62: 0.38. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- ZrO 2 zirconium oxide
- Y 2 O 3 yttrium oxide
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- Example 15 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.60: 0.40 was synthesized. Except that the raw material containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below, In the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, a solid electrolyte powder was obtained.
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium carbonate
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
- Example 16 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.93: 0.06 was synthesized.
- the raw materials containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) are shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 17 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.64: 0.06 was synthesized.
- the raw materials containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) are shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 18 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.44: 0.06 was synthesized.
- the raw materials containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, germanium oxide (GeO 2 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 19 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.97: 0.03 was synthesized.
- the raw materials containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 20 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.93: 0.06 was synthesized.
- the raw materials containing the yttrium-stabilized zirconia, vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that it was weighed.
- Example 21 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 1.07: 0.03 was synthesized.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the composition was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1.
- Example 22 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 0.87: 0.03 was synthesized.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the raw material containing the material was weighed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 23 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 0.69: 0.01 was synthesized.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the raw material containing the material was weighed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 24 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium-stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 0.19: 0.01 was synthesized.
- a solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the raw material containing the material was weighed so as to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 25 Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) were used as raw materials, and yttrium stabilized zirconia having a Zr: Y molar ratio of 0.49: 0.01 was synthesized.
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide
- GeO 2 germanium oxide
- TiO 2 titanium oxide
- V 2 O 5 vanadium oxide
- Li 2 CO 3 lithium carbonate
- phosphoric acid A solid electrolyte powder was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the raw material containing ammonium dihydrogen (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) was weighed to have the composition shown in Table 1 below.
- a sintered tablet was prepared as follows. First, a solid electrolyte, a butyral resin, and alcohol are mixed well at a mass ratio of 98: 15: 140, and then the alcohol is removed on a hot plate at 80 ° C. to obtain a solid electrolyte powder coated with a butyral resin serving as a binder. It was. Next, the solid electrolyte powder was pressed into a tablet by pressing at 90 MPa using a tablet molding machine. After sandwiching the tablet with two porous setters, a sintered body was produced. Baking was performed at a temperature of 500 ° C. in a nitrogen gas atmosphere containing 10% by volume of oxygen, thereby removing the butyral resin and then baking at a temperature of 1000 ° C. to 1200 ° C. in an air atmosphere.
- the ion conductivity of the produced sintered tablet was measured. Specifically, after forming a platinum (Pt) layer as a current collector layer by sputtering on both sides of the sintered tablet, the sintered tablet is dried at 100 ° C. to remove moisture, and a 2032 type coin cell is used. Sealed. The ionic conductivity was calculated by performing an AC impedance measurement on the sealed cell. The AC impedance was measured using a Solartron frequency response analyzer (FRA) under the conditions of a frequency range of 0.1 to 1 MHz, an amplitude of ⁇ 10 mV, and a temperature of 25 ° C.
- FFA Solartron frequency response analyzer
- the ionic conductivity ⁇ was calculated from the following equation by obtaining the resistance of each solid electrolyte (the sum of the particle and grain boundary resistance) from a colle-coll plot obtained from AC impedance measurement. The results are shown in Table 1.
- TG-LZP represents a Trigonal LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 JCPDS card pattern
- TC-LZP represents a Triclinic LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 JCPDS card pattern.
- FIG. 3 shows a colle-coll plot of the solid electrolyte produced in Example 1.
- ⁇ (t / A) ⁇ (1 / R) ⁇ : Ionic conductivity
- t Sample thickness A: Area of electrode
- R Resistance of solid electrolyte
- Comparative Example 1 LiZr 2 prepared in (PO 4) In 3, LiZr 2 of Trigonal of NaSICON type is a high ion conducting phase (PO 4) 3 and NaSICON type LiZr of Triclinic 2 is a low ionic conducting phase (PO 4 ) It was confirmed that it matches the card pattern of 3 .
- the ionic conductivity of LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 produced in Comparative Example 1 was 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 S / cm.
- the value at the end of the right end of the arc of the colle-coll plot shown in FIG. 3 was defined as the resistance of the solid electrolyte (the sum of the particle and grain boundary resistance).
- the ionic conductivities of the solid electrolytes prepared in Examples 1 to 5 are 0.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, both compared with unsubstituted LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 . It was a high value.
- the ionic conductivities of the solid electrolytes prepared in Examples 6 to 8 are 0.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 2.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm, both of which are unsubstituted LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) Higher value than 3 .
- Example 9-15 the solid electrolyte obtained by replacing a part of Zr (Li 1 + a Zr 2 -b M c (PO 4) 3) are all of Trigonal of NaSICON type is a high ion conductive phase LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) It was confirmed to match the card pattern of 3 .
- Example 9 In the solid electrolyte produced in Example 9, a slightly different phase was confirmed.
- the identified heterogeneous phase was consistent with Triclinic's LiZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 card pattern.
- the reason for the occurrence of the heterogeneous phase is considered to be that there is a portion where the amount of the substitution element is small and the NaSICON type high ion conduction phase cannot be stably formed.
- Example 17 In the solid electrolyte produced in Example 17, a slightly different phase was confirmed.
- the confirmed heterogeneous phase was consistent with the AlPO 4 card pattern.
- the reason why the heterogeneous phase was confirmed is considered to be that a part of the substitutional element Al could not be dissolved and formed a heterogeneous phase.
Abstract
Description
次に、固体電解質の製造方法の一例について説明する。
次に、全固体電池1の製造方法の一例について説明する。
上記実施形態において説明した製造方法により、一般式Li1+aZr2-bM1c1M2c2(PO4)3(Liの一部は、Na、K,Rb,Cs,Ag及びCaからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種で置換されていてもよく、Pの一部は、B及びSiの少なくとも一方で置換されていてもよく、M1は、ZrO2の高温相の正方晶または立方晶の結晶構造を安定化または部分的に安定化することができる少なくとも一種の元素であり、M2は、Al、Ga、Sc、In、Ge、Ti、Ru、Sn、Hf、Ce、V、Nb、Ta、Bi及びWからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素であり、-0.50≦a≦2.00、0.01≦b≦1.90、0.01≦c1≦0.90、0.01≦c2≦1.89)で表わされる固体電解質を合成した。
炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量した。次に、秤量した原料粉末を500mlのポリエチレン製ポリポットに封入してポット架上で150rpm、16時間回転させ、原料を混合した。次に、原料を、空気雰囲気下、500℃で1時間、800℃で6時間焼成し、揮発成分を除去した。次に、得られた焼成物を水、φ5mmの玉石と共に500mlのポリエチレン製ポリポットに封入してポット架上で150rpm、16時間回転して粉砕した。その後、120℃のホットプレート上に配置して加熱することにより水分を除去した。得られた粉砕物を、空気雰囲気下、900℃~1200℃で20時間焼成し、表1記載の比較例1の組成を有する固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)及び酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)及び酸化カルシウム(CaO)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)及び酸化マグネシウム(MgO)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)及び酸化スカンジウム(Sc2O3)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)及び酸化セリウム(CeO2)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)を用いず、イットリウム安定化ジルコニアの(Y0.06Zr1.94O1.97)と、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)を用いず、カルシウム安定化ジルコニアの(Ca0.06Zr1.94O1.94)と、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)を用いず、マグネシウム安定化ジルコニアの(Mg0.08Zr1.92O1.92)と、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.99:0.01であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.98:0.02であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.90:0.10であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.80:0.20であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.78:0.22であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.62:0.38であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.60:0.40であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.93:0.06であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.64:0.06であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.44:0.06であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化ゲルマニウム(GeO2)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.97:0.03であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化チタン(TiO2)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.93:0.06であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化バナジウム(V2O5)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が1.07:0.03であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ゲルマニウム(GeO2)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が0.87:0.03であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ゲルマニウム(GeO2)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が0.69:0.01であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ゲルマニウム(GeO2)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が0.19:0.01であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ゲルマニウム(GeO2)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
原料として、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)と酸化イットリウム(Y2O3)とを原料として用いて、Zr:Yのモル比が0.49:0.01であるイットリウム安定化ジルコニアを合成した。そのイットリウム安定化ジルコニアと、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ゲルマニウム(GeO2)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、酸化バナジウム(V2O5)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、リン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)を含む原料を下記の表1に示す組成となるように秤量したこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして固体電解質の粉末を得た。
各実施例、比較例1において作製した固体電解質の粉末を25℃で4.0°/分のスキャン速度、測角範囲10°~60°でXRD(X線回折装置)測定した。結果を、図2に示す。
TrigonalのLiZr2(PO4)3のJCPDS(Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards)カード(No.01-072-7744)のパターンと、
TriclinicのLiZr2(PO4)3のJCPDSカード(No.00-051-0362)のパターンと、
TetragonalのYPO4のJCPDSカード(No.01-084-0335)のパターンと、
CubicのCa(ZrO3)のJCPDSカード(No.01-071-4895)のパターンと、
MonoclinicのMg3(PO4)2のJCPDSカード(No.00-033-0876)のパターンと、
CubicのCeO1.866のJCPDSカード(No.01-078-6854)のパターンと、
を合わせて示した。
実施例1~25、比較例1において作製した固体電解質の粉末のイオン伝導度を以下のように測定した。
σ=(t/A)×(1/R)
σ:イオン伝導度
t:試料の厚さ
A:電極の面積
R:固体電解質の抵抗
11 正極
12 負極
13 固体電解質層
Claims (12)
- NaSICON型の結晶構造を有する固体電解質であって、
一般式Li1+aZr2-bMc(PO4)3(Liの一部は、Na、K,Rb,Cs,Ag及びCaからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種で置換されていてもよく、Pの一部は、B及びSiの少なくとも一方で置換されていてもよく、Mは、ZrO2の高温相の正方晶または立方晶の結晶構造を安定化または部分的に安定化することができる少なくとも一種の元素を含み、-0.50≦a≦2.00、0.01≦b≦1.90、0.01≦c≦1.90)で表わされる固体電解質。 - 前記MがZrO2の高温相の正方晶または立方晶の結晶構造を安定化または部分的に安定化することができる少なくとも一種の元素として、Y、Ca、Mg、Sc及びランタノイド系元素からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種を含む、請求項1に記載の固体電解質。
- 前記MがZrO2の高温相の正方晶または立方晶の結晶構造を安定化または部分的に安定化することができる少なくとも一種の元素として、Y、Ca及びMgからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種を含む、請求項2に記載の固体電解質。
- 前記一般式において、0.01≦c≦0.38である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質。
- 前記一般式において、0.02≦c≦0.20である、請求項4に記載の固体電解質。
- 前記Mが、Al、Ga、Sc、In、Ge、Ti、Ru、Sn、Hf、Ce、V、Nb、Ta、Bi及びWからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質。
- 一般式Li1+aZr2-bM1c1M2c2(PO4)3(Liの一部は、Na、K,Rb,Cs,Ag及びCaからなる群から選ばれた少なくとも一種で置換されていてもよく、Pの一部は、B及びSiの少なくとも一方で置換されていてもよく、M1は、ZrO2の高温相の正方晶または立方晶の結晶構造を安定化または部分的に安定化することができる少なくとも一種の元素であり、M2は、Al、Ga、Sc、In、Ge、Ti、Ru、Sn、Hf、Ce、V、Nb、Ta、Bi及びWからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素であり、-0.50≦a≦2.00、0.01≦b≦1.90、0.01≦c1≦0.90、0.01≦c2≦1.89)で表わされる、請求項6に記載の固体電解質。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質を含む固体電解質層と、
前記固体電解質層の一方面に焼結によって接合されている正極と、
前記固体電解質層の多方面に焼結によって接合されている負極と、
を備える、全固体電池。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質の製造方法であって、部分安定化ジルコニアを用いて固体電解質を合成する、固体電解質の製造方法。
- Y、Ca、Mg、Sc及びランタノイド系元素からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素により部分安定化された部分安定化ジルコニアを用いて固体電解質を合成する、請求項9に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。
- Y、Ca及びMgからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の元素により部分安定化された部分安定化ジルコニアを用いて固体電解質を合成する、請求項10に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質を含む固体電解質層と、電極とを焼結によって接合することにより全固体電池を得る、全固体電池の製造方法。
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