WO2017141425A1 - 鋼 - Google Patents
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- WO2017141425A1 WO2017141425A1 PCT/JP2016/054853 JP2016054853W WO2017141425A1 WO 2017141425 A1 WO2017141425 A1 WO 2017141425A1 JP 2016054853 W JP2016054853 W JP 2016054853W WO 2017141425 A1 WO2017141425 A1 WO 2017141425A1
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/003—Cementite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to steel having high strength and excellent low temperature toughness after quenching and tempering.
- Such a chain is manufactured by cutting a hot-rolled steel bar having a diameter of 50 mm or more into a predetermined length, forming it into an annular shape, and then flash-butt welding the butted end faces. In some cases, a stud is pressed into the center of the chain ring after flash butt welding. Thereafter, the chain is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to impart high strength and toughness to the chain.
- Examples of inventions for high strength and high toughness chain steel include, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 6 and the like.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 None of these documents is aimed at providing a chain having a tensile strength of 800 to 1000 MPa, and the case where the strength of the steel is set to 1200 MPa or more has not been studied.
- chains have been required to have higher strength, but it is generally known that when steel materials are strengthened, the toughness of the steel materials decreases, thereby reducing the impact value of the steel materials.
- the steel having the components presented in these documents is made to have a strength of 1200 MPa or more, the intended impact value cannot be obtained.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 58-22361 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-96856 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-159972 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-159969 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 62-202052 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 63-203752
- An object of the present invention is to provide a steel having high strength and excellent low temperature toughness (particularly fracture toughness at low temperature) after quenching and tempering. Specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide a steel having a Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. of 75 J / cm 2 or more when quenched and tempered so that the tensile strength is 1200 MPa or more. It is.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the steel according to one embodiment of the present invention is unit mass%, C: 0.08 to 0.12%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: 1.50 to 3.00%.
- Y (Al) / (N) (a)
- Z (Mn) / (Ni) (b)
- the symbols (Al), (N), (Mn), and (Ni) in the formula are the contents of the elements according to the symbols in the steel in unit mass%.
- the steel described in (1) above is composed of Ca: 0.0005 to 0.0100%, Zr: 0.0005 to 0.0100%, and Mg: 0.0005 to 0.0100% in unit mass%. You may contain 1 or more types selected from a group.
- a steel having a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more and a Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. of 75 J / cm 2 or more after quenching and tempering can be provided.
- 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the Y value of steel and the impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. of the steel after quenching and tempering.
- 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the Z value of steel and the impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. of the steel after quenching and tempering.
- the inventor has made various studies in order to realize a steel having high strength and excellent low-temperature toughness, and has obtained the following knowledge.
- the low temperature toughness of the steel is further improved by appropriately containing Al and N in addition to Ni. This is because the fine AlN formed from Al and N refines the crystal grains and promotes the effect of improving the low temperature toughness by Ni. In order to obtain this effect, it is necessary that the Al content is 0.025% or more and the N content is 0.0100% or more.
- Y [Al] / [N]
- the present inventors have found a steel capable of producing a structural component, particularly a chain, having high strength and high low temperature toughness.
- the steel according to the present embodiment is a steel having an effect that the tensile strength after quenching and tempering is 1200 MPa or more and the Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. is 75 J / cm 2 or more.
- the impact value is not particularly limited.
- the description explaining the mechanical properties such as strength and toughness relates to the steel according to the present embodiment after quenching and tempering.
- the unit “%” of the content of the alloy element means mass%.
- C 0.08 to 0.12% C is an important element that determines the strength of steel.
- the lower limit of the C content is 0.08%.
- the upper limit of the C content is 0.12%.
- the upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.11%.
- the lower limit of the C content is preferably 0.09%.
- Si 0.05 to 0.50%
- Si has an action as a deoxidizer as well as an action for securing the strength of steel.
- Si content is set to 0.05 to 0.50%.
- the upper limit of the Si content is preferably 0.40%, 0.30%, or 0.20%.
- the lower limit of the Si content is preferably 0.06%, 0.07%, or 0.08%.
- Mn 1.50 to 3.00%
- Mn is an essential component for ensuring the required hardenability.
- the lower limit value of the Mn content is 1.50%.
- the upper limit value of the Mn content is preferably 2.90%, 2.80%, or 2.70%.
- the lower limit of the Mn content is preferably 1.70%, 1.90%, or 2.00%.
- P 0.040% or less
- P is an impurity mixed in steel in the steel manufacturing process. However, if the P content exceeds 0.040%, the toughness of the steel is reduced to an allowable limit or more.
- the content is limited to 0.040% or less.
- the upper limit of the P content is preferably 0.030%, 0.025%, or 0.020%. Since the steel according to the present embodiment does not require P, the lower limit value of the P content is 0%, but considering the capacity of the refining equipment and the like, the lower limit value of the P content is 0.001%, 0 It may be 0.002% or 0.003%.
- S 0.020% or less S, like P, is an impurity mixed in the steel in the steel manufacturing process. If the S content exceeds 0.020%, S contains a large amount of MnS in the steel. Forming and lowering the toughness of the steel. Therefore, the S content is limited to 0.020% or less.
- the upper limit of the S content is preferably 0.015%, 0.012%, or 0.010%. Since the steel according to the present embodiment does not require S, the lower limit value of the S content is 0%, but considering the capacity of the refining equipment and the like, the lower limit value of the S content is 0.001%, 0 It may be 0.002% or 0.003%.
- Cr 1.00-2.50% Cr has the effect of increasing the hardenability of the steel.
- the lower limit value of the Cr content is 1.00%.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is 2.50%.
- the upper limit of the Cr content is preferably 2.40%, 2.30%, or 2.20%.
- the lower limit of the Cr content is preferably 1.30%, 1.40%, or 1.50%.
- Cu 0.01 to 0.50%
- Cu is an effective element for improving the hardenability and corrosion resistance of the steel material.
- the lower limit value of the Cu content is 0.01%.
- the upper limit value of the Cu content is 0.50%.
- the upper limit of the Cu content is preferably 0.40%, 0.30%, or 0.20%.
- the lower limit of the Cu content is preferably 0.02%, 0.03%, or 0.05%.
- Ni 0.75 to 1.60%
- Ni is an extremely effective element for improving the toughness of steel, and is an essential element for increasing the toughness of the steel according to the present embodiment after quenching and tempering. If the Ni content is less than 0.75%, it is difficult to sufficiently exert its effect. On the other hand, when the Ni content is excessive, the amount of retained austenite increases, so the low temperature toughness is reduced. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ni content is 1.60%. The upper limit of the Ni content is preferably 1.50%, 1.35%, or 1.20%. The lower limit of the Ni content is preferably 0.80%, 0.85%, or 0.90%.
- Mo 0.10 to 0.50%
- Mo has the effect of improving the low temperature toughness of the steel.
- Mo refines cementite, which is the starting point of destruction, and renders it harmless.
- Mo refines the block size of the martensite structure and lowers the ductile brittle transition temperature of steel, thereby making it difficult for brittle fracture to occur even at low temperatures.
- the Mo content is less than 0.10%, it is difficult to sufficiently exhibit the effect.
- the Mo content exceeds 0.50%, the effect of improving toughness is saturated. Therefore, the Mo content is set to 0.10 to 0.50%.
- the upper limit of the Mo content is preferably 0.47%, 0.45%, or 0.42%.
- the lower limit of the Mo content is preferably 0.15%, 0.20%, or 0.25%.
- Al 0.025 to 0.050%
- Al has the action of adjusting the crystal grain size of the metal structure and making the metal structure finer when precipitated as AlN.
- the Al content is set to 0.025 to 0.050%.
- the upper limit of the Al content is preferably 0.045%, 0.042%, or 0.040%.
- the lower limit of the Al content is preferably 0.027%, 0.029%, or 0.030%.
- N 0.0100 to 0.0200% N binds to Al and has the effect of precipitating AlN effective for adjusting the crystal grain size of the metal structure. If the N content is less than 0.0100%, this effect is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, when N is contained in steel exceeding 0.0200%, solid solution N will increase and the toughness of steel will fall. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.0100 to 0.0200%.
- the upper limit of the N content is preferably 0.0180%, 0.0170%, or 0.0160%.
- the lower limit of the N content is preferably 0.0110%, 0.0120%, or 0.0130%.
- V 0.010% or less Ti: 0.010% or less Nb: 0.005% or less
- the contents of V, Ti, and Nb are small. This is because VN, NbC and Ti (C, N) generated from V, Nb and Ti lower the low temperature toughness of the steel.
- the inventors set the V content to 0.010% or less, the Ti content to 0.010% or less, and the Nb content to 0.005% or less. I found out that it was necessary.
- the upper limit of the V content is preferably 0.009%, 0.007%, or 0.005%.
- the upper limit of the Ti content is preferably 0.009%, 0.007%, or 0.005%.
- the upper limit value of the Nb content is preferably 0.004%, 0.003%, or 0.002%.
- the contents of V, Ti, and Nb are small, so the lower limit of the contents of V, Ti, and Nb is 0%.
- the lower limit value of the V content may be set to 0.003%, 0.002%, or 0.001% in consideration of the capacity and economics of the refining equipment, and the lower limit value of the Ti content is set to 0.00. 003%, 0.002%, or 0.001%, and the lower limit of the Nb content may be 0.0010%, 0.0009%, or 0.0008%.
- the steel according to this embodiment includes Ca, Zr, And Mg is not required. Therefore, the lower limit of the contents of Ca, Zr, and Mg is 0%. However, Ca, Zr, and Mg all form oxides and become crystallization nuclei of MnS, and have an effect of improving the impact value of steel by uniformly and finely dispersing MnS.
- Ca may be contained in the steel in an amount of 0.0005% or more, 0.0010% or more, or 0.0015% or more
- Zr may be contained in the steel in an amount of 0.0005% or more, 0.0010%.
- Mg may be contained in steel in an amount of 0.0005% or more, 0.0010% or more, or 0.0015% or more.
- the upper limit of each of Ca, Zr, and Mg is 0.0100% or less.
- the upper limit value of Ca content is preferably 0.0090%, 0.0070%, or 0.0050%
- the upper limit value of Zr content is preferably 0.0090%, 0.0070%, or 0.
- the upper limit of the Mg content is preferably 0.0090%, 0.0070%, or 0.0050%.
- Fe and impurities The remainder of the alloy component of the steel according to the present embodiment is composed of Fe and impurities. Impurities are components that are mixed due to various factors of raw materials such as ore or scrap, or manufacturing process when industrially manufacturing steel materials, and a range that does not adversely affect the steel according to the present embodiment. Means what is allowed.
- Ratio of Al content to N content 2.6 or less
- the ratio of Al content to N content is defined by the following formula a.
- the symbol with parentheses indicates the content in unit mass% of the element according to the symbol.
- AlN has the effect of refining crystal grains and improving the low temperature toughness of steel.
- Y value ratio of Al content to N content in steel
- the upper limit of the Y value is preferably 2.55, 2.50, or 2.45.
- the lower limit value of the Y value is not particularly limited, but the Y value does not become less than 1.25 in consideration of the lower limit value of the Al content and the upper limit value of the N content described above.
- the present inventors have obtained the above knowledge through experiments described below.
- the inventors have all the features other than the Y value within the specified range of the steel according to the present embodiment, and various steels having different Y values are quenched and tempered under the following conditions, and then at a temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C.
- a Charpy impact test was conducted. Quenching treatment: heating the steel to 900 ° C. and holding for 30 minutes, then water cooling / tempering treatment: heating the steel to 135 ° C. and holding for 30 minutes, then air cooling.
- Ratio of Mn content to Ni content (Z value) 1.5 or more, 3.0 or less
- the ratio of Mn content to Ni content (Z value) is as follows: Defined by equation b.
- the symbol in parentheses indicates the content in unit mass% of the element related to the symbol.
- Ni improves the low temperature toughness of steel.
- the ratio (Z value) of the Mn content and the Ni content in the steel is less than 1.5
- the amount of retained austenite increases and the low temperature toughness of the steel is impaired.
- the Z value is more than 3.0
- the solid solution Mn content with respect to the Ni content becomes excessive, the effect of improving the low temperature toughness by Ni is negated, the steel becomes brittle, and the low temperature toughness is lowered. Therefore, the Z value is 1.5 or more and 3.0 or less.
- the upper limit of the Z value is preferably 2.9, 2.8, or 2.7.
- the lower limit of the Z value is preferably 1.6, 1.7, or 1.8.
- the present inventors have obtained the above knowledge through experiments described below.
- the inventors have all the features other than the Z value within the specified range of the steel according to the present embodiment, and various steels having different Z values are quenched and tempered under the following conditions, and then at a temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C.
- a Charpy impact test was conducted. Quenching treatment: heating the steel to 900 ° C. and holding it for 30 minutes, then water cooling / tempering treatment: heating the steel to 135 ° C. and holding it for 30 minutes, then air cooling.
- the number density of AlN in steel, a particle size, a dispersed state, etc. change according to the conditions of the heat processing (for example, quenching tempering etc.) performed with respect to steel.
- the contents of Al and N are controlled as described above, regardless of the state of AlN before quenching and tempering, during the quenching and tempering under conditions selected to make the tensile strength of steel 1200 MPa or more.
- AlN functions effectively and improves the toughness of the steel.
- the problem with the steel according to the present embodiment is that the Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. of the steel is 75 J / cm 2 or more after the steel is heat-treated so that the tensile strength becomes 1200 MPa.
- Control of the state of AlN is not required for solving the problem of the steel according to the present embodiment. Therefore, in the steel according to the present embodiment, the state of AlN is not particularly defined. As a result of the experiment, the present inventors have shown that when the steel is heated to 850 to 900 ° C., AlN is preferably precipitated regardless of the state of the steel before heating. It is estimated that.
- the steel according to the present embodiment is quenched and tempered so that the tensile strength becomes 1200 MPa or more, the Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. can be kept at 75 J / cm 2 or more. Therefore, the steel according to the present embodiment is particularly preferably used as a quenching steel.
- the steel according to the present embodiment is subjected to a quenching process in which the steel is heated to 900 ° C. and held for 30 minutes and then cooled with water, and further tempered to be heated to 135 ° C. and held for 30 minutes, the tensile strength is 1200 MPa.
- a steel having a Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. of 75 J / cm 2 or more is obtained.
- the steel according to the present embodiment after being heat-treated under this quenching and tempering condition has an average particle size of cementite of 0.05 ⁇ m or less, an average size of martensite blocks of 5.5 ⁇ m or less, and a residual austenite content. Is 5% or less.
- the steel according to the present embodiment contains 0.08% or more of C, it has a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or more when heat-treated under this quenching and tempering condition. Normally, when the tensile strength of steel is 1200 MPa or more, low temperature toughness (particularly low temperature toughness) is impaired. However, the steel according to the present embodiment contains 0.025 to 0.050% Al, 0.0100 to 0.0200% N, and 0.10 to 0.50% Mo. Therefore, even when heat-treated under the quenching and tempering conditions, the martensite block and cementite are sufficiently refined and have high low temperature toughness.
- the steel according to the present embodiment contains 0.75 to 1.60% Ni, it has high low temperature toughness even when heat-treated under the quenching and tempering conditions. Excessive amounts of Al and Ni may impair low-temperature toughness, but the steel according to this embodiment has a controlled ratio of Al content to N content and a ratio of Ni content to Mn content. Therefore, low temperature toughness is not impaired. Further, the steel according to the present embodiment is limited to V content of 0.010% or less, Ti content of 0.010% or less, and Nb content of 0.005% or less. Even when heat-treated under the conditions, precipitation of inclusions is suppressed and high low temperature toughness is achieved.
- the quenching and tempering treatment according to the above-described conditions is merely an example of the use of steel according to the present embodiment.
- the steel according to the present embodiment can be heat-treated under any conditions depending on the purpose.
- the characteristics of the steel according to the present embodiment after the heat treatment based on the example of the quenching and tempering condition described above is not limited to the technical scope of the steel according to the present embodiment.
- the problem with the steel according to this embodiment is that the Charpy impact value at ⁇ 20 ° C. is 75 J / cm 2 or more after heat treatment is performed so that the tensile strength is 1200 MPa or more.
- the steel according to the present embodiment has high tensile strength and excellent low temperature toughness after quenching and tempering, when used as a material for a submarine oil drilling rig mooring chain or the like, a particularly excellent effect can be exhibited.
- test pieces were prepared.
- the tensile test was carried out at room temperature and at a speed of 20 mm / min in accordance with JIS Z 2241.
- the Charpy impact test was performed at ⁇ 20 ° C. according to JIS Z 2242.
- a 10 mm square sample was cut out from a 1 / 4D portion of the C cross section of the round steel bar after quenching and tempering, the sample cross section was corroded using a nital corrosive liquid, and the sample was magnified 5000 times using a scanning electron microscope. Five cross-sectional structure photographs were taken, and the average particle diameter of cementite contained in these photographs was determined by image analysis using Luzex (registered trademark), and this was used as the average particle diameter of cementite of the round bar steel.
- the crystal orientation analysis was performed using the backscattered electron diffraction pattern, and the area weighted average equivalent circle diameter of the crystal grain surrounded by the large angle grain boundary having an orientation difference angle of 15 degrees or more obtained by this analysis It was set as the average particle diameter of the martensite block of the steel bar. Further, the amount of retained austenite of the round bar steel was measured by an X-ray diffraction method.
- Table 1-1 show the chemical composition of the example steel and the comparative example steel
- Table 2 shows the tensile strength of the example steel and the comparative example steel after quenching and tempering under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the impact value, the average particle size of cementite, the average size of the martensite block, and the amount of retained austenite are shown.
- values outside the specified range of the present invention are underlined.
- Comparative Example No. 24 since the C content was insufficient, the necessary tensile strength could not be obtained after quenching and tempering. Comparative Example No. No. 25 was excessive in strength after quenching and tempering because the C content was excessive, and low temperature toughness was insufficient.
- Comparative Example No. No. 26 had an excessive Si content
- Comparative Example 27 had an excessive Mn content
- Comparative Example 34 had an excessive Cr content. Since these excessive Si, Mn, and Cr lowered the toughness of the steel, the low temperature toughness of Comparative Examples 26, 27, and 34 was insufficient after quenching and tempering.
- Comparative Example No. No. 35 lacks the Ni content, and the low temperature toughness improvement effect by Ni is small, so the low temperature toughness is insufficient.
- Comparative Example No. No. 36 had a high Ni content, and the amount of retained austenite increased after quenching and tempering, so that low temperature toughness was insufficient after quenching and tempering.
- Comparative Example No. No. 38 had insufficient Al content, so that a sufficient fine grain effect could not be obtained, the martensite structure (block size) became coarse after quenching and tempering, and low temperature toughness was insufficient.
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Abstract
Description
Y=(Al)/(N)・・・(a)
Z=(Mn)/(Ni)・・・(b)
式中の記号(Al)、(N)、(Mn)、及び(Ni)は、鋼中の各記号に係る元素の、単位質量%での含有量である。
(2)
上記(1)に記載の鋼は、単位質量%で、Ca:0.0005~0.0100%、Zr:0.0005~0.0100%、及びMg:0.0005~0.0100%からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有してもよい。
(F)さらに、鋼の低温靱性を十分に向上させるためには、Moを含有させる必要がある。Moは、低温靱性を低下させる原因となるセメンタイトを微細化し、無害化するからである。
Cは、鋼の強度を決める重要な元素である。焼入れ焼戻し後に1200MPa以上の引張強さを得るために、C含有量の下限は0.08%とする。一方、C含有量が過剰である場合、鋼が過度に高強度となって鋼の靱性が低下する。また、C含有量が過剰である場合、破壊の起点となるセメンタイトの量が増えて鋼の靭性が著しく低下する。従って、C含有量の上限を0.12%とする。C含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.11%である。C含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.09%である。
Siは、鋼の強度を確保する作用とともに、脱酸剤としての作用をも有する。Si含有量が0.05%未満である場合、脱酸作用が十分に得られず、鋼中の非金属介在物が増加して、鋼の靭性を低下させる。一方、0.50%を超えてSiを含有させた場合、Siが鋼の靭性の低下を引き起こす。従って、Si含有量を0.05~0.50%とする。Si含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.40%、0.30%、または0.20%である。Si含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.06%、0.07%、または0.08%である。
Mnは、必要とされる焼入れ性の確保のために必須の成分である。焼入れ焼戻し後の鋼の引張強度を1200MPa以上にするために十分な焼入れ性を確保するために、Mn含有量の下限値は1.50%とする。一方、Mn含有量が過剰である場合、鋼の靭性が低下するので、Mn含有量の上限値は3.00%とする。Mn含有量の上限値は、好ましくは2.90%、2.80%、または2.70%である。Mn含有量の下限値は、好ましくは1.70%、1.90%、または2.00%である。
Pは、鋼の製造工程で鋼に混入する不純物であるが、P含有量が0.040%を超えると、鋼の靭性を許容限以上に低下させるので、Pの含有量は0.040%以下に制限する。P含有量の上限値は、好ましくは、0.030%、0.025%、または0.020%である。本実施形態に係る鋼は、Pを必要としないので、P含有量の下限値は0%であるが、精錬設備の能力等を考慮すると、P含有量の下限値を0.001%、0.002%、または0.003%としてもよい。
Sは、Pと同様に、鋼の製造工程で鋼に混入する不純物であるが、S含有量が0.020%を超えると、Sが鋼中に多量のMnSを形成し、鋼の靭性を低下させる。従って、S含有量は0.020%以下に制限する。S含有量の上限値は、好ましくは、0.015%、0.012%、または0.010%である。本実施形態に係る鋼は、Sを必要としないので、S含有量の下限値は0%であるが、精錬設備の能力等を考慮すると、S含有量の下限値を0.001%、0.002%、または0.003%としてもよい。
Crは、鋼の焼入れ性を増大させる作用がある。十分な焼入れ性を確保して、これにより焼入れ焼戻し後の鋼の引張強度を1200MPa以上にするために、Cr含有量の下限値は1.00%とする。一方、Cr含有量が過剰である場合、鋼の靭性が低下する。従って、Cr含有量の上限値は2.50%とする。Cr含有量の上限値は、好ましくは2.40%、2.30%、または2.20%である。Cr含有量の下限値は、好ましくは1.30%、1.40%、または1.50%である。
Cuは、鋼材の焼入れ性および耐食性の向上のために有効な元素である。焼入れ焼戻し後の鋼の引張強度を1200MPa以上にするために十分な焼入れ性、及び耐食性を確保するために、Cu含有量の下限値は0.01%とする。一方、Cu含有量が過剰である場合、鋼の靭性が低下する。従って、Cu含有量の上限値は0.50%とする。Cu含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.40%、0.30%、または0.20%である。Cu含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.02%、0.03%、または0.05%である。
Niは、鋼の靭性の向上のために極めて有効な元素であり、焼入れ焼戻し後の本実施形態に係る鋼の高靭性化のために必須の元素である。Ni含有量が0.75%未満では、その効果を十分に発揮させることが難しい。一方、Ni含有量が過剰である場合、残留オーステナイト量が増加するので、かえって低温靭性を低下させる。従って、Ni含有量の上限値は1.60%とする。Ni含有量の上限値は、好ましくは1.50%、1.35%、または1.20%である。Ni含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.80%、0.85%、または0.90%である。
Moは、鋼の低温靭性を向上させる効果がある。Moは、破壊の起点となるセメンタイトを微細化し、無害化する。また、Moは、マルテンサイト組織のブロックサイズを微細化し、鋼の延性脆性遷移温度を低下させ、これにより脆性破壊を低温でも生じにくくする。Mo含有量が0.10%未満である場合、その効果を十分に発揮させることが難しい。一方、Mo含有量が0.50%を超える場合、靭性向上効果が飽和する。従って、Moの含有量を0.10~0.50%とする。Mo含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.47%、0.45%、または0.42%である。Mo含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.15%、0.20%、または0.25%である。
Alは、脱酸作用に加えて、AlNとして析出させた場合に金属組織の結晶粒度を調整し、金属組織を細粒化する作用がある。Al含有量が0.025%未満である場合、十分な細粒化効果を得ることができないので、鋼の靭性が低下する。一方、0.050%を超えてAlを鋼中に含有させると、AlNの析出量が飽和し、鋼中のアルミナ系非金属介在物が増加して鋼の靭性を低下させる。従って、Al含有量を0.025~0.050%とする。Al含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.045%、0.042%、または0.040%である。Al含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.027%、0.029%、または0.030%である。
Nは、Alと結合して、金属組織の結晶粒度の調整のために有効なAlNを析出させる作用がある。N含有量が0.0100%未満では、この作用が十分に発揮されない。一方、0.0200%を超えてNを鋼中に含有させると、固溶Nが増大し、鋼の靭性が低下する。従って、N含有量を0.0100~0.0200%とする。N含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.0180%、0.0170%、または0.0160%である。N含有量の下限値は、好ましくは0.0110%、0.0120%、または0.0130%である。
Ti:0.010%以下
Nb:0.005%以下
本実施形態に係る鋼において、V、Ti、及びNbの含有量は少ない方が好ましい。V、NbおよびTiから生成するVN、NbCおよびTi(C,N)は、鋼の低温靭性を低下させるからである。本発明者らは、鋼の低温靱性の低下を防ぐためには、V含有量を0.010%以下にし、Ti含有量を0.010%以下にし、Nb含有量を0.005%以下にする必要があることを知見した。V含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.009%、0.007%、または0.005%である。Ti含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.009%、0.007%、または0.005%である。Nb含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.004%、0.003%、または0.002%である。
本実施形態に係る鋼は、Ca、Zr、及びMgを必要としない。従って、Ca、Zr、及びMgの含有量の下限値は0%である。しかしながら、Ca、Zr、及びMgはいずれも、酸化物を形成し、MnSの晶出核となり、MnSを均一微細分散させて鋼の衝撃値を向上させる効果がある。従って、任意元素として、Caを鋼中に0.0005%以上、0.0010%以上、または0.0015%以上含有させても良く、Zrを鋼中に0.0005%以上、0.0010%以上、または0.0015%以上含有させても良く、Mgを鋼中に0.0005%以上、0.0010%以上、または0.0015%以上含有させても良い。一方、Ca、Zr、及びMgそれぞれの含有量が0.0100%を超えると、過剰量の酸化物及び硫化物等の硬質介在物が生成し、鋼の靭性を低下させる。したがって、Ca、Zr、及びMgそれぞれの上限値は0.0100%以下とする。Ca含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.0090%、0.0070%、又は0.0050%であり、Zr含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.0090%、0.0070%、又は0.0050%であり、Mg含有量の上限値は、好ましくは0.0090%、0.0070%、又は0.0050%である。
本実施形態に係る鋼の合金成分の残部は、Fe及び不純物からなる。不純物とは、鋼材を工業的に製造する際に、鉱石若しくはスクラップ等のような原料、又は製造工程の種々の要因によって混入する成分であって、本実施形態に係る鋼に悪影響を与えない範囲で許容されるものを意味する。
本実施形態に係る鋼において、Al含有量とN含有量との比(Y値)が、以下の式aによって定義される。
Y=(Al)/(N)……式a
式aにおいて、括弧が付された記号は、その記号に係る元素の単位質量%での含有量を示す。
・焼入れ処理:鋼を900℃に加熱して30分保持してから水冷
・焼戻し処理:鋼を135℃に加熱して30分保持してから空冷
これにより本発明者らは、Y値と-20℃での衝撃値との関係を示すグラフ(図1)を得た。図1に示されるように、Y値が2.6を上回る鋼は、焼入れ焼戻し後に十分な低温靱性を有しなかった。
本実施形態に係る鋼において、Mn含有量とNi含有量との比(Z値)が、以下の式bによって定義される。
Z=(Mn)/(Ni)……式b
式bにおいて、括弧が付された記号は、その記号に係る元素の単位質量%での含有量を示す。
・焼入れ処理:鋼を900℃に加熱して30分保持してから水冷
・焼戻し処理:鋼を135℃に加熱して30分保持してから空冷
これにより本発明者らは、Z値と-20℃での衝撃値との関係を示すグラフ(図2)を得た。図2に示されるように、Z値が1.5未満または3.0超である鋼は、焼入れ焼戻し後に十分な低温靱性を有しなかった。
Claims (2)
- 単位質量%で、
C:0.08~0.12%、
Si:0.05~0.50%、
Mn:1.50~3.00%、
P:0.040%以下、
S:0.020%以下、
V:0.010%以下、
Ti:0.010%以下、
Nb:0.005%以下、
Cr:1.00~2.50%、
Cu:0.01~0.50%、
Ni:0.75~1.60%、
Mo:0.10~0.50%、
Al:0.025~0.050%、
N:0.0100~0.0200%、
Ca:0~0.0100%、
Zr:0~0.0100%、及び
Mg:0~0.0100%
を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなり、
下記式aで定義するY値が2.6以下であり、
下記式bで定義するZ値が1.5以上、3.0以下である
ことを特徴とする鋼。
Y=(Al)/(N)・・・(a)
Z=(Mn)/(Ni)・・・(b)
式中の記号(Al)、(N)、(Mn)、及び(Ni)は、鋼中の各記号に係る元素の、単位質量%での含有量である。 - 単位質量%で、
Ca:0.0005~0.0100%、
Zr:0.0005~0.0100%、及び
Mg:0.0005~0.0100%
からなる群から選択される1種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鋼。
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CA3023415A1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-10-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Weld metal with excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement, and solid wire for submerged arc welding |
JP6226542B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2017-11-08 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶接熱影響部の靭性に優れた鋼材 |
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 US US16/071,283 patent/US20200165711A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-02-19 EP EP16890566.9A patent/EP3418412B1/en active Active
- 2016-02-19 KR KR1020187022742A patent/KR102113045B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2016-02-19 CN CN201680081304.2A patent/CN108603259B/zh active Active
- 2016-02-19 JP JP2017567914A patent/JP6590001B2/ja active Active
- 2016-02-19 WO PCT/JP2016/054853 patent/WO2017141425A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2007009517A1 (de) * | 2005-07-19 | 2007-01-25 | Rud Ketten Rieger & Dietz Gmbh U. Co. Kg | Hochfeste stahlkette für den tieftemperaturbereich |
EP2159296A1 (en) * | 2007-04-13 | 2010-03-03 | Sidenor Investigacion y Desarrollo, S.A. | Hardened and tempered steel and method for producing parts of said steel |
JP2009114484A (ja) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-28 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | 高強度浸炭部品の製造方法 |
JP2010111936A (ja) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-20 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 鋼材及びその製造方法 |
JP2012149277A (ja) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-08-09 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | プラスチック成形金型用鋼の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR102113045B1 (ko) | 2020-05-20 |
JP6590001B2 (ja) | 2019-10-16 |
KR20180099881A (ko) | 2018-09-05 |
EP3418412A4 (en) | 2019-08-21 |
US20200165711A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
CN108603259B (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
JPWO2017141425A1 (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
CN108603259A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
EP3418412A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
EP3418412B1 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
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