WO2017133424A1 - 一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法及其中间体 - Google Patents

一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法及其中间体 Download PDF

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WO2017133424A1
WO2017133424A1 PCT/CN2017/071135 CN2017071135W WO2017133424A1 WO 2017133424 A1 WO2017133424 A1 WO 2017133424A1 CN 2017071135 W CN2017071135 W CN 2017071135W WO 2017133424 A1 WO2017133424 A1 WO 2017133424A1
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dioxol
difluorobenzo
acetonitrile
reaction
preparation
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田广辉
曹标
吴建忠
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苏州旺山旺水生物医药有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/44Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D317/46Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems condensed with one six-membered ring
    • C07D317/48Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring
    • C07D317/50Methylenedioxybenzenes or hydrogenated methylenedioxybenzenes, unsubstituted on the hetero ring with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to atoms of the carbocyclic ring
    • C07D317/60Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals

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  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation and intermediate of 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid.
  • CFTR is a cAMP/ATP-mediated anion channel expressed in a variety of cell types, including absorptive and secretory epithelial cells, where it regulates the anion flux through the membrane and the activity of other ion channels and proteins.
  • epithelial cells the normal concept of CFTR is critical to maintaining electrolyte transport throughout the body, including respiratory and digestive tissues.
  • Compound Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor (Lumacaftor, 3-[6-[[[1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxolan-5-yl) Cyclopropyl]carbonyl]amino]-3-methyl-2-pyridyl]-benzoic acid is a drug for the treatment of CFTR-mediated diseases such as cystic fibrosis.
  • Patent CN101910134B reports the route:
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a new preparation of 1-(2,2-difluorobenzophenone.
  • Another technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile, the method The invention comprises reacting the above intermediate in a first solvent with a bromine reagent and an organic base hydrofluoride to form 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol. -5-yl) a step of acetonitrile.
  • the first solvent may be a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of THF, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane, preferably acetonitrile;
  • the brominated reagent may be in liquid bromine, NBS, or dibromohydantoin.
  • the molar ratio of the brominating reagent (calculated as bromine), the organic alkali hydrofluoride, and the intermediate is 3.5 to 4.5:2.5 to 3.5:1.
  • the above reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 5 ° C to 25 ° C. More preferably, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 10 to 25 °C.
  • the organic base hydrofluoric acid salt refers to a salt formed by reacting an organic base with hydrofluoric acid, which is preferably a pyridine hydrofluoride or triethylamine trihydrofluorate or a combination of the two.
  • the method is carried out by dissolving the intermediate in a first solvent, adding an organic base hydrofluoric acid salt under inert gas protection, and then adding the brominating reagent in portions, adding Controlling the reaction at a set temperature.
  • the reaction is quenched and post-treated to obtain 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxole. -5-yl) acetonitrile.
  • the post-treatment preferably comprises the steps of obtaining a crude product and subjecting the crude product to vacuum distillation.
  • One method for obtaining a crude product may be, for example, diluting the reaction liquid after completion of the reaction with MTBE, diluting it into a saturated NaHSO 3 solution, separating the liquid, and separating the aqueous layer with MTBE, combining the organic phases, washing, drying, and Filtration and concentration under reduced pressure gave a crude material.
  • the vacuum distillation of the crude product is specifically to collect a fraction (0.8 mmHg) of 80 ° C to 82 ° C, which is a colorless to pale yellow product with high purity, and is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at normal temperature (when the purity is high enough, the low temperature is curable) ). In the process, both purification and decolorization are facilitated, which is beneficial to the subsequent reaction.
  • the method further comprises the step of reacting 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetonitrile with a thio reagent in the presence of an acid scavenger in a second solvent to form the intermediate.
  • the thio reagent may be a combination of one or more of thiophosgene, phenyl isothiocyanate, and carbon disulfide, wherein thiophosgene is preferred;
  • the second solvent may be a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of THF, acetonitrile, and dichloromethane, preferably THF, and the acid binding agent may be selected from TEA, A combination of one or more of DIPEA, pyridine, imidazole, preferably TEA.
  • the reaction temperature in this step is generally from 0 ° C to 20 ° C.
  • TEA is used as an acid binding agent, and after the reaction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetonitrile with sulfur phosgene is completed, water is added to precipitate a product.
  • the reaction is easy to control and the reaction is thorough, and the post-treatment precipitated product has high purity and high yield, which is advantageous for industrial scale-up production.
  • the method further comprises the step of reacting 3,4-dialkoxybenzeneacetonitrile with pyridine hydrochloride at a temperature of from 150 ° C to 210 ° C to form 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetonitrile.
  • the alkyl group at the 3-position and the 4-position in the 3,4-dialkoxyphenylacetonitrile may independently be any alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, of which methyl group is most preferable from the viewpoint of cost and preparation. That is, 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile is used.
  • the feed equivalent of the pyridine hydrochloride to the 3,4-dialkoxyphenylacetonitrile is preferably 2.5 eq or more, and the reaction temperature in this step is further preferably 160 ° C to 180 ° C. Most preferably, it is about 170 °C.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, which comprises adopting the above 2 Preparation of 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile to prepare 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D ][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile, then 2-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5- Preparation of 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropylcarbonitrile by reaction of acetonitrile with dihaloethane in the presence of a base Finally, 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclopropyl
  • the dihaloethane is 1,2-dibromoethane
  • the base is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of NaOH, LiHMDS (lithium hexamethyldisilazide), LDA (lithium diisopropylamide), and it is more preferred to use LDA as a base.
  • LiHMDS lithium hexamethyldisilazide
  • LDA lithium diisopropylamide
  • reaction temperature is -5 ° C. ⁇ 10 ° C.
  • a cycloalkylnitrile which can stably exist such as a four-membered ring or a five-membered ring can be constructed.
  • 1,3-dibromopropane 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)cyclobutylcarbonitrile can be obtained.
  • the alcohol constituting the alcohol/water system is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol, and the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is preferably a reflux temperature.
  • the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
  • the present invention uses 2-(2-thiobenzo[D][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)acetonitrile as the preparation of 1-(2,2-difluorobenzo[D][ An intermediate of 1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, on the one hand, the intermediate can be easily and inexpensively obtained by a simple and easy-to-use 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetonitrile The reaction with high yield is prepared. On the other hand, the intermediate can be used.
  • Figure 1 is a hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectrum of the product obtained in Example 2.
  • Phenyl thiocyanate after the addition, maintain the feed solution 5 ° C ⁇ 20 ° C, the reaction 1 ⁇ 2h, the raw material reaction is complete, add 20 times the volume of ice water to the feed liquid, add, the feed liquid 0 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C stirring During 1h, a large amount of brown solid was precipitated, the liquid was filtered, the filter cake was washed with a suitable amount of water, filtered, and the filter cake was dried at 55 ° C to constant weight to obtain 2-(2-thiobenzo[D][1,3] Dioxol-5-yl) acetonitrile, yield 75% to 78%, used directly in the next reaction.
  • the feed liquid was diluted with 5 times volume of MTBE, the feed liquid was transferred to a saturated NaHSO 3 solution for quenching, and the liquid layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with 5 times volume of MTBE, and the organic phase was combined and washed with a saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution (2 times). After washing with 5% NaCl solution (2 times), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a crude product. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure to collect fractions (0.8 mmHg) from 80 ° C to 82 ° C.
  • the feed liquid was diluted with 5 times volume of MTBE, the feed liquid was transferred to a saturated NaHSO 3 solution for quenching, and the liquid layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with 5 times volume of MTBE, and the organic phase was combined and washed with a saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution (2 times). After washing with 5% NaCl solution (2 times), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a crude product. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure to collect fractions (0.8 mmHg) from 80 ° C to 82 ° C.
  • the feed liquid was diluted with 5 times volume of MTBE, the feed liquid was transferred to a saturated NaHSO 3 solution for quenching, and the liquid layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with 5 times volume of MTBE, and the organic phase was combined and washed with a saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution (2 times). After washing with 5% NaCl solution (2 times), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a crude product. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure to collect fractions (0.8 mmHg) from 80 ° C to 82 ° C.
  • the feed liquid was diluted with 5 times volume of MTBE, the feed liquid was transferred to a saturated NaHSO 3 solution for quenching, and the liquid layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was back-extracted with 5 times volume of MTBE, and the organic phase was combined and washed with a saturated Na 2 CO 3 solution (2 times). After washing with 5% NaCl solution (2 times), the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and evaporated to dryness to give a crude product. The crude product was distilled under reduced pressure to collect fractions (0.8 mmHg) from 80 ° C to 82 ° C.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法,其采用2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰为中间体,先使中间体与溴代试剂、有机碱氢氟酸盐反应生成2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,然后由2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰依次发生成环和水解反应制得目标产物。与已有技术相比,本发明的工艺收率提高,成本较低,原料来源广泛,且没有使用有安全隐患物料,安全性好,适于工业化生产。

Description

一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法及其中间体 技术领域
本发明涉及1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法和中间体。
背景技术
CFTR是在多种细胞类型包括吸收性和分泌上皮细胞中表达的cAMP/ATP-介导的阴离子通道,其中它调节通过膜的阴离子流量和其他离子通道和蛋白的活性。在上皮细胞中,CFTR的正常概念对维持遍布体内包括呼吸和消化组织的电解质运输而言是关键的。复方Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor(鲁玛卡托/依伐卡托)(Lumacaftor,3-[6-[[[1-(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二氧戊环-5-基)环丙基]羰基]氨基]-3-甲基-2-吡啶基]-苯甲酸)就是一种用于治疗CFTR介导的疾病如囊性纤维化的药物。
2015年7月2日,FDA批准了顶点制药的复方药物Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor(鲁玛卡托/依伐卡托)用于治疗肺囊性纤维化,可显著改善囊性纤维化患者的肺功能,在美国,Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor复方药物已获得突破性治疗药物资格。这款由Lumacaftor和Ivacaftor组成的复方药物一直由该公司开发,用于携带两种拷贝F508del基因突变的12岁及以上患者。这款药物是首款以携带这两种拷贝基因突变患者囊性纤维化根本病因为靶点的治疗药物,这一疾病也是囊性纤维化最常见的一种疾病形式。基于四月份发布的3期试验数据,数据显示,与安慰剂相比,接受这款药物治疗的患者其肺功能(预测的1秒钟内用力呼气量百分比,或ppFEV1)相较基线值有2.6-4.0%的平均绝对改善,4.3%-6.7%的相对改善。
已知,1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸是合成鲁玛卡托(Lumacaftor)的关键中间体。目前,就合成方面来说,制备该关键中间体主要有以下几条报道工艺路线:
①专利CN101910134B报道路线:
Figure PCTCN2017071135-appb-000001
②、专利CN101356170B报道路线:
Figure PCTCN2017071135-appb-000002
③、专利US20130186801A1报道路线:
Figure PCTCN2017071135-appb-000003
这几条工艺路线较为相似,其所涉及反应较为常见,它们共同的、主要的缺点在于起始原料均不易得,价格昂贵(原料本身需经数步合成),导致目标产物1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备成本很高。且部分路线中还用到LiAlH4、NaCN等在放大生产时存在安全隐患的物料,不利于大规模工业化生产。因此,为了能够大量制备该中间体,亟需开发一条经济、简化的工艺路线。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足提供一种新的制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并 [D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的中间体和方法。
为解决以上技术问题,本发明采取的一种技术方案如下:
一种制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的中间体,所述中间体为为2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,具有如式3所示的结构式:
Figure PCTCN2017071135-appb-000004
本发明采取的又一技术方案是:一种2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,该方法包括使上述的中间体在第一溶剂中,与溴代试剂、有机碱氢氟酸盐反应生成2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的步骤。
进一步地,所述第一溶剂可以为选自THF、乙腈、二氯甲烷中的一种或多种的组合,优选乙腈;所述溴代试剂可以为液溴、NBS、二溴海因中的一种或多种的组合,优选二溴海因。
优选地,所述溴化试剂(以溴计)、有机碱氢氟酸盐及所述中间体三者的投料摩尔比为3.5~4.5∶2.5~3.5∶1。
优选地,使上述反应在温度5℃~25℃下进行。更优选地,使反应在温度10~25℃下进行。
根据本发明,所述的有机碱氢氟酸盐指有机碱与氢氟酸反应形成的盐,其优选为吡啶氢氟酸盐或三乙胺三氢氟酸盐或二者的组合。
根据本发明的一个具体且优选方面,所述方法实施如下:将所述中间体溶于第一溶剂中,惰性气体保护下加入有机碱氢氟酸盐,然后分批加入溴化试剂,加毕,控制在设定温度下进行反应,待中间体反应完全后,淬灭反应并进行后处理得到2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰。其中后处理优选包括获得粗品和对粗品进行减压蒸馏的步骤。获得粗品的一个方法可以是例如,将反应完毕后的料液用MTBE稀释后,转入饱和NaHSO3溶液中淬灭,分液,水层用MTBE反萃,合并有机相,经洗涤、干燥、过滤、减压浓缩得到粗品。粗品的减压蒸馏具体是收集80℃~82℃的馏分(0.8mmHg),为纯度较高的无色至淡黄的产品,常温为无色至淡黄色液体(纯度足够高时,低温可固化)。在该过程中,既起到了纯化,又起到了脱色作用,有利于后续反应。
优选地,所述方法还包括使3,4-二羟基苯乙腈与硫代试剂在第二溶剂中、缚酸剂存在下反应生成所述的中间体的步骤。在制备该中间体的步骤中,所述的硫代试剂可以为硫光气、异硫氰酸苯酯、二硫化碳中的一种或多种的组合,其中优选硫光气;第二溶剂可以为选自THF、乙腈、二氯甲烷中的一种或多种的组合,优选THF,所述缚酸剂可以为选自TEA、 DIPEA、吡啶、咪唑中的一种或多种的组合,优选TEA。该步反应温度一般为0℃~20℃。根据一个具体方面,在THF溶剂中,TEA作缚酸剂,3,4-二羟基苯乙腈与硫光气反应结束后,加水,析出产品。该反应易于控制、反应彻底,后处理析出产品纯度高,收率高,利于工业上放大生产。
优选地,所述方法还包括使3,4-二烷氧基苯乙腈与吡啶盐酸盐在温度150℃~210℃下反应生成3,4-二羟基苯乙腈的步骤。3,4-二烷氧基苯乙腈中3位和4位的烷基可以独立地为任意烷基,优选碳数为1~6的烷基,其中从成本和制备角度考虑,最优选甲基,即采用3,4-二甲氧基苯乙腈。在该步骤中,吡啶盐酸盐相对于3,4-二烷氧基苯乙腈的投料当量优选大于等于2.5eq,该步反应温度进一步优选为160℃~180℃。最优选170℃左右。
本发明还提供一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法,其包括采用上述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法来制得2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,然后由2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰与二卤乙烷在碱存在下反应制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈,最后由1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈在醇/水体系中发生水解反应制得1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸。
优选地,所述二卤乙烷为1,2-二溴乙烷;
优选地,所述碱为选自NaOH,LiHMDS(六甲基二硅基氨基锂),LDA(二异丙基氨基锂)中的一种或多种的组合,其中更优选使用LDA作为碱。LDA相比LiHMDS,价格低廉;相比NaOH,反应速度快,转化彻底,杂质少,反应液色泽浅,有利于后续获得高品质的目标产物。
进一步地,所述制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈的反应中,反应温度为-5℃~10℃。
更进一步地,依据此制备方法,若选用更长碳链的1,X-二卤代烷烃,则能构建四元环、五元环等能够稳定存在的环烷基腈。比如若选用1,3-二溴丙烷,则能制得1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丁基腈。
具体地,构成所述醇/水体系的醇为选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇中的一种或多种的组合,所述水解反应的温度优选为回流温度。
由于以上技术方案的实施,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点:
本发明采用2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰作为制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的中间体,一方面,该中间体可通过廉价易得的3,4-二甲氧基苯乙腈经二步简单且收率高的反应制备得到,另一方面,采用该中间体可以 较高的收率获得2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的另一中间体2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰。相比现有技术,本发明的工艺收率提高,成本较低,原料来源广泛,且没有使用有安全隐患物料,安全性好,适于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例2所得产物的氢核磁谱图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明,但本发明不限于以下实施例。实施例中未注明的条件为常规条件。
以下实施例中用于制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的反应路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2017071135-appb-000005
实施例1 3,4-二羟基苯乙腈(化合物2)的制备
称取3,4-二甲氧基苯乙腈(化合物1)若干,加入反应瓶中,向反应瓶中加入2.5eq的吡啶盐酸盐,料液升温至170℃,至熔融状态,料液搅拌反应12-15h,原料反应完全。料液冷却至室温,向料液中加入1倍体积的饱和NaCl溶液,料液用2-MeTHF提取数次(每次用3倍体积),至产物基本提出;合并有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩至干,得粗品3,4-二羟基苯乙腈,收率87%~92%,直接用于下一步反应。
实施例2 2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)的制备
称取3,4-二羟基苯乙腈(化合物2)若干,溶于5倍体积的THF中,向料液中加入2.2eq TEA,料液冷却至5℃左右,向料液中缓慢滴加入硫光气,加完,维持料液5℃~20℃,反应1~2h,原料反应完全,向料液中加入20倍体积的冰水,加完,料液0℃~5℃搅拌1h,期间析出大量褐色固体,料液过滤,滤饼用适量水浆洗,过滤,滤饼55℃鼓风干燥至恒重,得2-(2-硫代苯 并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率88%~90%,直接用于下一步反应。对产物进行核磁测试,数据如下:1H NMR(DMSO)δ7.65-7.67(m,2H),7.41-7.43(m,1H),4.16(s,2H)。核磁谱图参见图1。
实施例3 2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)的制备
称取3,4-二羟基苯乙腈(化合物2)若干,溶于5倍体积的THF中,向料液中加入2.2eq咪唑,料液冷却至5℃左右,向料液中缓慢滴加入异硫氰酸苯酯,加完,维持料液5℃~20℃,反应1~2h,原料反应完全,向料液中加入20倍体积的冰水,加完,料液0℃~5℃搅拌1h,期间析出大量褐色固体,料液过滤,滤饼用适量水浆洗,过滤,滤饼55℃鼓风干燥至恒重,得2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率75%~78%,直接用于下一步反应。对产物进行核磁测试,数据如下:1H NMR(DMSO)δ7.65-7.67(m,2H),7.41-7.43(m,1H),4.16(s,2H)。核磁谱图参见图1。
实施例4:2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)的制备
称取3,4-二羟基苯乙腈(化合物2)若干,溶于5倍体积的乙腈中,向料液中加入2.2eq DIPEA,料液冷却至5℃左右,向料液中缓慢滴加入硫光气,加完,维持料液5℃~20℃,反应1~2h,原料反应完全,向料液中加入20倍体积的冰水,加完,料液0℃~5℃搅拌1h,期间析出大量褐色固体,料液过滤,滤饼用适量水浆洗,过滤,滤饼55℃鼓风干燥至恒重,得2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率88%~90%,直接用于下一步反应。对产物进行核磁测试,数据如下:1H NMR(DMSO)δ7.65-7.67(m,2H),7.41-7.43(m,1H),4.16(s,2H)。
实施例5:2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)的制备
称取2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)若干,溶于5倍体积的乙腈中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入70%的HF-吡啶(3eq),料液降温至0℃~5℃,分批向体系中加入二溴海因(2eq),加完,料液15℃-25℃搅拌反应约12~16h,原料反应完全。料液中加入5倍体积MTBE稀释,料液转入饱和NaHSO3溶液中淬灭,分液,水层用5倍体积MTBE反萃,合并有机相,饱和Na2CO3溶液洗涤(2次),5%NaCl溶液洗涤(2次),有机相无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品,该粗品经减压蒸馏,收集80℃~82℃的馏分 (0.8mmHg),得2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率72%~75%,常温为无色至淡黄色液体(纯度足够高时,低温可固化)。
实施例6:2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)的制备
称取2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)若干,溶于5倍体积的乙腈中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入70%的吡啶氢氟酸盐(3eq),料液降温至0℃~5℃,分批向体系中加入NBS(4eq),加完,料液15℃-25℃搅拌反应约15h,原料反应完全。料液中加入5倍体积MTBE稀释,料液转入饱和NaHSO3溶液中淬灭,分液,水层用5倍体积MTBE反萃,合并有机相,饱和Na2CO3溶液洗涤(2次),5%NaCl溶液洗涤(2次),有机相无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品,该粗品经减压蒸馏,收集80℃~82℃的馏分(0.8mmHg),得2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率70%~73%,常温为无色至淡黄色液体(纯度足够高时,低温可固化)。
实施例7:2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)的制备
称取2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)若干,溶于5倍体积的乙腈中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入70%的三乙胺三氢氟酸盐(5eq),料液降温至0℃~5℃,分批向体系中加入二溴海因(2eq),加完,料液15℃-25℃搅拌反应约15h,原料反应完全。料液中加入5倍体积MTBE稀释,料液转入饱和NaHSO3溶液中淬灭,分液,水层用5倍体积MTBE反萃,合并有机相,饱和Na2CO3溶液洗涤(2次),5%NaCl溶液洗涤(2次),有机相无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品,该粗品经减压蒸馏,收集80℃~82℃的馏分(0.8mmHg),得2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率70%~73%,常温为无色至淡黄色液体(纯度足够高时,低温可固化)。
实施例8:2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)的制备
称取2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物3)若干,溶于5倍体积的THF中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入70%的HF-吡啶(3eq),料液降温至0℃~5℃,分批向体系中加入二溴海因(2eq),加完,料液15℃-25℃搅拌反应约12~16h,原料反应完全。料液中加入5倍体积MTBE稀释,料液转入饱和NaHSO3溶液中淬灭,分液,水层用5倍体积MTBE反萃,合并有机相,饱和Na2CO3溶液洗涤(2次),5%NaCl溶液洗涤(2次),有机相无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品,该粗品经减压蒸馏,收集80℃~82℃的馏分(0.8mmHg),得2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,收率70%~75%,常温 为无色至淡黄色液体(纯度足够高时,低温可固化)。
实施例9:1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈(化合物5)的制备
称取2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)若干,溶于3倍体积的无水THF中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入1,2-二溴乙烷,料液降温至-5℃,向料液中滴加入LDA溶液(3.3eq),加完,料液-5℃~5℃搅拌反应1h,原料反应完全。料液加入7倍体积的MTBE稀释,料液加入10倍体积的饱和柠檬酸淬灭,分液,水层用3倍体积的MTBE反萃,合并有机相,饱和NaHCO3液洗涤、水洗涤、饱和NaCl液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈,收率85%~90%,直接用于下一步水解反应。
实施例10:1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈(化合物5)的制备
称取2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)若干,溶于3倍体积的无水THF中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入1,2-二溴乙烷,料液降温至-5℃,向料液中滴加入LiHMDS溶液(3.5eq),加完,料液-5℃~5℃搅拌反应1h,原料反应完全。料液加入7倍体积的MTBE稀释,料液加入10倍体积的饱和柠檬酸淬灭,分液,水层用3倍体积的MTBE反萃,合并有机相,饱和NaHCO3液洗涤、水洗涤、饱和NaCl液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈,收率85%~90%,直接用于下一步水解反应。
实施例11:1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈(化合物5)的制备
称取2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰(化合物4)若干,溶于5倍体积的甲基叔丁基醚中,反应体系氮气保护下,加入1,2-二溴乙烷,料液降温至-5℃,向料液中滴加入10%NaOH溶液(5eq),加完,料液55℃~60℃搅拌反应12h,原料反应完全。料液冷却至室温,加入2倍体积的MTBE稀释,分液,水层用3倍体积的MTBE反萃,合并有机相,水洗涤、饱和NaCl液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈,收率68%~72%,直接用于下一步水解反应。
实施例12:1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸(化合物6)的制备
称取1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈(化合物5)若干,溶解于3.5 倍体积的无水乙醇中,再向该料液中加入12N NaOH溶液(8eq),料液升温至回流,搅拌反应12-15h,原料反应完全。料液冷却,减压蒸出大部分乙醇,残余物用浓盐酸先调节PH至8~9左右,加入5倍体积的EtOAc,搅拌,继续调节PH至3~4左右,分液,水层用3倍体积EtOAc反萃。合并有机相,水洗涤,饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗品。该粗品再用4倍体积的甲苯重结晶,即得1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸,为类白色鳞片状固体,收率85%~90%,HPLC纯度高于99%。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的中间体,其特征在于,所述中间体为2-(2-硫代苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,具有如式3所示的结构式:
    Figure PCTCN2017071135-appb-100001
  2. 一种2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法包括使权利要求1所述的中间体在第一溶剂中,与溴代试剂、有机碱氢氟酸盐反应生成2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的步骤。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第一溶剂为选自THF、乙腈、二氯甲烷中的一种或多种的组合;所述溴代试剂为液溴、NBS、二溴海因中的一种或多种的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述溴化试剂(以溴计)、有机碱氢氟酸盐及所述中间体三者的投料摩尔比为3.5~4.5∶2.5~3.5∶1。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:使所述反应在温度5℃~25℃下进行。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的有机碱氢氟酸盐为吡啶氢氟酸盐或三乙胺三氢氟酸盐或二者的组合。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法实施如下:将所述中间体溶于第一溶剂中,惰性气体保护下加入有机碱氢氟酸盐,然后分批加入溴化试剂,加毕,控制在设定温度下进行反应,待中间体反应完全后,淬灭反应并进行后处理得到2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括使3,4-二羟基苯乙腈与硫代试剂在第二溶剂中、缚酸剂存在下反应生成所述的中间体的步骤。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:在制备所述中间体的步骤中,所述第二溶剂为选自THF、乙腈、二氯甲烷中的一种或多种的组合,所述的硫代试剂为选自硫光气、异硫氰酸苯酯、二硫化碳中的一种或多种的组合,所述缚酸剂为选自TEA、DIPEA、吡啶、咪唑中的一种或多种的组合,所述反应温度为0℃~20℃。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述方法还包括使3,4-二烷氧基苯乙腈与吡啶盐酸盐在温度150℃~210℃下反应生成3,4-二羟基苯乙腈的步骤。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的吡啶盐酸盐相对于3,4-二烷氧基苯乙腈的投料当量大于等于2.5eq。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法,其特征在于:生成3,4-二羟基苯乙腈的步骤中,反应温度为160℃~180℃。
  13. 一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于:包括采用权利要求2-12中任一项权利要求所述的2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰的制备方法来制得2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰,然后由2-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)乙氰与二卤乙烷在碱存在下反应制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈,最后由1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈在醇/水体系中发生水解反应制得1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于:所述二卤乙烷为1,2-二溴乙烷,所述碱为选自NaOH,LiHMDS,LDA中的一种或多种的组合,所述制备1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)环丙基腈的反应中,反应温度为-5℃~10℃。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的1-(2,2-二氟苯并[D][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法,其特征在于:构成所述醇/水体系的醇为选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇中的一种或多种的组合,所述水解反应的温度为回流温度。
PCT/CN2017/071135 2016-02-03 2017-01-13 一种1-(2,2-二氟苯并[d][1,3]二氧杂环戊烯-5-基)-环丙烷甲酸的制备方法及其中间体 WO2017133424A1 (zh)

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