WO2017125087A1 - 一种高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017125087A1
WO2017125087A1 PCT/CN2017/072078 CN2017072078W WO2017125087A1 WO 2017125087 A1 WO2017125087 A1 WO 2017125087A1 CN 2017072078 W CN2017072078 W CN 2017072078W WO 2017125087 A1 WO2017125087 A1 WO 2017125087A1
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acid
reaction
group
compound
preparation
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PCT/CN2017/072078
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French (fr)
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张健
蒋德辉
沈校军
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大鹏药品工业株式会社
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Priority to ES17741118T priority Critical patent/ES2849425T3/es
Priority to KR1020187023680A priority patent/KR102387362B1/ko
Priority to BR112018014841-5A priority patent/BR112018014841B1/pt
Priority to AU2017209644A priority patent/AU2017209644B2/en
Priority to MX2018008936A priority patent/MX2018008936A/es
Priority to RU2018130292A priority patent/RU2729186C2/ru
Priority to CA3011913A priority patent/CA3011913C/en
Priority to EP17741118.8A priority patent/EP3406586B1/en
Priority to US16/071,709 priority patent/US11485696B2/en
Priority to JP2018538103A priority patent/JP6807396B2/ja
Publication of WO2017125087A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017125087A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/42Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrolysis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/45Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by condensation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C249/00Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C249/16Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of hydrazones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C251/00Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C251/72Hydrazones
    • C07C251/86Hydrazones having doubly-bound carbon atoms of hydrazone groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C281/00Derivatives of carbonic acid containing functional groups covered by groups C07C269/00 - C07C279/00 in which at least one nitrogen atom of these functional groups is further bound to another nitrogen atom not being part of a nitro or nitroso group
    • C07C281/06Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. semicarbazides
    • C07C281/08Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. semicarbazides the other nitrogen atom being further doubly-bound to a carbon atom, e.g. semicarbazones
    • C07C281/14Compounds containing any of the groups, e.g. semicarbazides the other nitrogen atom being further doubly-bound to a carbon atom, e.g. semicarbazones the carbon atom being further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C311/00Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C311/48Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom
    • C07C311/49Amides of sulfonic acids, i.e. compounds having singly-bound oxygen atoms of sulfo groups replaced by nitrogen atoms, not being part of nitro or nitroso groups having nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide groups further bound to another hetero atom to nitrogen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/51Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
    • C07C45/516Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition involving transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds to >C = O groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/61Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
    • C07C45/64Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C49/00Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
    • C07C49/587Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
    • C07C49/703Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing hydroxy groups
    • C07C49/713Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing hydroxy groups a keto group being part of a six-membered ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C251/00Compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C251/72Hydrazones
    • C07C251/84Hydrazones having doubly-bound carbon atoms of hydrazone groups being part of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C49/00Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
    • C07C49/587Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
    • C07C49/753Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the fields of medicinal chemistry and synthetic chemistry, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol.
  • Nerve growth factor mainly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, regulates the survival, growth, differentiation, regeneration and function maintenance of neurons. They act not only on catecholaminergic neurons in the peripheral nervous system, but also on cholinergic neurons in the brain. Alzheimer's disease is thought to be associated with degeneration and shedding of cholinergic neurons.
  • NGF nerve growth factor
  • researchers have tried to treat NGFs in the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Because NGF is a macromolecular protein with a molecular weight of up to 12,000 and cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier, this treatment cannot be applied to humans.
  • NGF-like substances that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier or small molecule compounds that stimulate NGF synthesis in the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
  • Long-chain fatty alcohols such as cyclohexenone long-chain alcohols belong to small molecules with NGF-like properties and can stimulate the growth of neurons in the brain, which has clinical application prospects.
  • the raw material unsaturated cyclohexanone of Route 1 is difficult to prepare, the total yield is low, and butyl lithium is used as the metal exchange reagent.
  • the route also involves a variety of first-class solvents (referring to human carcinogens, suspected human carcinogens or the environment). Hazardous organic solvents), not conducive to industrial production.
  • the raw material sulfone of the second route is difficult to prepare, and the highly toxic sulfone group is required to use highly toxic Na(Hg).
  • the carbonyl group is introduced, the expensive metal ruthenium and the high-risk t-butanol are used, which is disadvantageous for industrial production.
  • WO2004087630 reports a preparation method as shown in Scheme 3:
  • Route 3 uses a Grignard reagent to react with an unsaturated ketone in a 1,2-addition reaction.
  • the yield of the addition reaction is only about 30%, and the silyl-protected halogenated hydrocarbon in the process of preparing the Grignard reagent is largely decomposed, resulting in production.
  • the cost has increased greatly.
  • lower yields and the large amount of by-products produced when preparing Grignard reagents make product purification extremely difficult. Therefore, this route is also not suitable for industrial production.
  • cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol In addition, in order to develop a cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol into a clinical application, it is a prerequisite to prepare a high-purity bulk drug.
  • the cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol has a low melting point and is high in room temperature, which is an oily substance. It is difficult to purify.
  • the cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol reported in the literature is subjected to column chromatography to obtain a high-purity product, which is expensive due to column chromatography. It is not suitable for industrial production. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a method for preparing high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol with short route, high yield, simple operation and suitable for industrial production.
  • the present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol of the formula I, which is carried out by the following reaction formula:
  • A is a C10-C18 alkylene group
  • R1, R2 or R3 are each independently H or methyl
  • R4 is H, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C7 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C14 Aryl
  • the substitution means substitution with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of methyl, nitro, chloro, bromo; wherein R5 is H, methoxy, tert-butoxy, benzyloxy, phenyl , 4-tolyl or amino.
  • R4 is preferably
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the HPLC purity of the high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol is greater than 95%, preferably, the HPLC purity of the high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol is greater than 99%, More preferably, the high purity cyclohexenone long chain alcohol has an HPLC purity greater than 99.9%.
  • the suitable conditions in the step (1a) are conditions in which an acid, a base or a water absorbing agent is present, and the base is selected from the group consisting of sodium alkoxide, potassium alkoxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and carbonic acid.
  • the water absorbing agent is selected from the group consisting of molecular sieves, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate and calcium hydrogen. Or more, preferably molecular sieves and one or more of magnesium sulfate;
  • the molar ratio of the hydrazine or its derivative R 4 NHNH 2 to the cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol crude III is from 0.8:1 to 3:1, preferably from 0.9:1 to 2:1; the condensation reaction is carried out in a solvent
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dioxane, acetone, 2- Butanone, ethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, benzene, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethyl
  • the temperature of the condensation reaction is from 0 to 14 ° C, preferably from 20 to 129 ° C; and the reaction time is from 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably from 1 to 10 hours.
  • the acidic substance in the step (1b) is one or more of an organic acid, an inorganic acid, a Lewis acid, an acid salt or other acidic substances, and the inorganic acid is sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, or the like.
  • Polyphosphoric acid or phosphotungstic acid which is formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid or Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
  • the Lewis acid is boron trifluoride diethyl ether, aluminum trichloride, ferric chloride, lanthanum triflate or ytterbium triflate
  • the acidic salt is sodium hydrogen sulfate
  • An acid salt such as hydrogen sulphate or magnesium hydrogen sulfate, p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, triethylamine hydrochloride or pyridine hydrochloride
  • the other acidic substance is silica gel, an acidic resin or an acidic resin; preferably, the acidity The
  • the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, acetone, 1,2-dimethyl-2-imidazolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide , dimethyl sulfone, sulfolane, hexamethylphosphoryl ammonium, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-diethylformamide, N-methyl- Pyrrolidone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, cyclohexane, dichloro Methane, one or more of 1,2-dichloroethane, chloro
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is selected from the group consisting of 20 to 139 ° C, and the reaction time is 0.5 to 24 hours; the preferred reaction temperature is 20 to 100 ° C, and the reaction time is 0.5 to 10 hours.
  • the crude cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol refers to a product which has not undergone a purification step, and the long-chain alcohol content of cyclohexenone is 95% or less, which can be regarded as a crude product.
  • the method of the present invention cyclohexene is used.
  • the content of the crude ketone long-chain alcohol (Compound III) (HPLC external standard method) is 45-80%.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a crude cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol represented by the above formula III, as shown in the following reaction formula:
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • the metal is lithium, sodium, cesium, magnesium or zinc, preferably lithium, cesium or magnesium; the molar ratio of the metal to the compound IV is 1:1 to 12:1, Preferably 2:1 to 10:1;
  • the molar ratio of the compound V to the compound IV is from 0.6:1 to 6:1, preferably from 0.8:1 to 4:1;
  • the Barbier reaction can be carried out with or without a catalyst, the catalyst being one or more selected from the group consisting of tetramethylethylenediamine and hexamethylphthalamide; the molar ratio of the catalyst to the compound IV is 0.2. : 1 to 2: 1, preferably 0.4: 1 to 1.2: 1;
  • the Barbier reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane
  • a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane
  • a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, n
  • the temperature of the Barbier reaction is selected from -20 to 100 ° C, preferably from -10 to 50 ° C; and the reaction time is from 1 to 36 hours, preferably from 2 to 24 hours.
  • the acidic substance is methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, triethylamine hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, Phosphoric acid, sodium hydrogen sulfate, magnesium hydrogen sulfate, acidic molecular sieve, One or more of an acidic resin, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, ferric chloride, boron trifluoride etherate, trisilylchlorosilane and acetyl chloride, preferably benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluene One or more of acid, camphorsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt, hydrochloric
  • the deprotection reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, methyl t-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether.
  • a suitable solvent such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, methyl t-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether.
  • the temperature of the deprotection reaction is selected from the group consisting of -20 to 100 ° C, preferably 0 to 50 ° C; and the reaction time is 0.1 to 10 hours, preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.
  • the step (2a) and the step (2b) may be carried out stepwise or in a one-pot method.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the crude cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol represented by the above formula III, that is, the compound IX undergoes a metal-mediated intramolecular Barbier reaction to obtain a crude cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol III, such as the following The reaction formula shows:
  • A is a C10-C18 alkylene group and X is a halogen
  • the metal is lithium, sodium, barium, magnesium or zinc, preferably lithium, barium or magnesium; the molar ratio of the metal to the compound IX is from 1:1 to 12:1, preferably 2:1. 10:1;
  • the Barbier reaction can be carried out with or without a catalyst, the catalyst being one or more selected from the group consisting of tetramethylethylenediamine and hexamethylphosphonamide; the molar ratio of the catalyst to IX is 0.2 2:1, preferably 0.4 to 1.2:1;
  • the Barbier reaction is carried out in a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane
  • a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, n-hexane, n-heptane
  • a suitable solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl tert-butyl ether, n
  • the temperature of the Barbier reaction is selected from -20 to 100 ° C, preferably from -10 to 50 ° C; and the reaction time is from 1 to 36 hours, preferably from 2 to 24 hours.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing and purifying a high-purity cyclohexenone long-chain alcohol, which adopts a metal-mediated Barbier reaction to replace the Grignard reaction reported in the literature (the Grignard reagent needs to be separately prepared), thereby realizing one-pot preparation Cyclohexenone long chain alcohol.
  • the product is purified by condensation with hydrazine or a derivative thereof, avoiding column chromatography.
  • the method of the invention has the advantages of short route, simple operation, easy control, high product purity and good yield, and is a simple, efficient and economical industrial preparation method.
  • 2,4,4-Trimethylcyclohexyl-1,3-dione VII (5 g, 1 eq), ethylene glycol (1.01 g, 0.5 eq), p-TSA ⁇ H 2 O (311 mg, 0.05 eq) and toluene (30 mL) was added to the flask and heated to reflux for 6 h. The toluene was added to dryness, and the mixture was combined with EtOAc EtOAc (EtOAc m. Then stirred for 3 h, suction filtered and dried to give 3,3'-(ethyl-1,2-dioxy)-bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl-2-en-1-one) (4.3 g, 80%).
  • 2,4,4-Trimethylcyclohexyl-1,3-dione VII (5 g, 1 eq) was dissolved in toluene, and p-TSA ⁇ H 2 O (280 mg, 0.05 eq), 1,4-butanediol (1.46) was added. g, 0.5 eq), heated to reflux to separate water. After cooling to room temperature, add saturated sodium carbonate solution, extract with ethyl acetate, wash the organic layer with saturated brine, dry over anhydrous sodium sulfate, Base-1,2-dioxy)-bis(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl-2-en-1-one) (4.3 g, 74%). The temperature of 132-134 ° C.
  • reaction solution was cooled to about 20 ° C, and a saturated ammonium chloride solution (20 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, water (20 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred, and the organic layer was washed with 0.5 N hydrochloric acid (20 mL), washed with water and dried. , concentrated to dry oil 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[15-(tetrahydro-2-hydro-pyran)-2-oxy-pentadecyl]cyclohexyl-2-ene- 1-ketone (13.5 g, 126%).
  • reaction solution was cooled to 10-20 degrees, saturated ammonium chloride solution (30mL) was added dropwise, water (30mL) was added, stirred for 5min, layered, the organic layer was used 0.5
  • the hydrochloric acid of M (20 mL) was washed with EtOAc (EtOAc)EtOAc. 4,4-Trimethylcyclohexyl-2-en-1-one (crude 6.8 g, 117%).
  • reaction solution was cooled to 10-20 degrees, saturated ammonium chloride (100 mL) was added dropwise, water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 5 min.
  • the organic layer was washed with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (60 mL), EtOAc. -(Tetrahydro-2-hydro-pyran)-2-oxy-pentadecyl]cyclohexyl-2-en-1-one (crude 28.2 g, 106%).
  • the organic layer was diluted with EA, washed with water, washed with brine, and dried, then, then,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  • the organic layer was diluted with EA, washed with water, washed with brine, and dried, then, then,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  • EtOAc EtOAc Washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated to give 2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[15-(tetrahydro-2-hydro-pyran)-2-oxy-l- Alkyl]cyclohexyl-2-en-1-one crude (13.9 g, 104%).

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  • Pyrane Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种式I表示的高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法,采用金属介导的Barbier反应制备式I化合物。本发明方法具有以下优点:路线短、收率高、产品纯度高,适合工业放大。

Description

一种高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于药物化学和合成化学领域,具体涉及一种高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法。
背景技术
神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,简称NGF),主要存在于海马和大脑皮层区域,对神经元的存活、生长发育、分化、再生和功能维持起调控作用。它们不仅作用于外周神经系统的儿茶酚胺能神经元,也作用于大脑内的胆碱能神经元。阿兹海默症被认为与胆碱能神经元的变性和脱落有关。研究人员曾尝试脑内给予NGFs治疗阿兹海默症,由于NGF是一种分子量高达12000的大分子蛋白,不能透过血脑屏障,所以这种治疗方式不能适用于人。因此,研究人员一直致力于寻找能够穿透血脑屏障的类NGF物质或者能在脑内刺激NGF合成的小分子化合物用于治疗阿兹海默症。长链的脂肪醇如环己烯酮长链醇就属于具有类似NGF的性质的小分子,能够刺激脑内神经元的生长,具有临床应用前景。
文献(Molecules,2000,5,1439-1460)报道了环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法,如路线一所示:
路线一:
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000001
路线一的原料不饱和环己酮难于制备,总产率低,使用丁基锂作为金属交换试剂,路线中还涉及了多种第一类溶剂(指人体致癌物、疑为人体致癌物或环境危害物的有机溶剂),不利于工业生产。
文献Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry Letters,2000,10,2537-2539报道了如路线二所示的制备方法:
路线二:
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000002
路线二的原料砜难于制备,脱除砜基团时需使用剧毒的Na(Hg),引入羰基时使用昂贵的金属钌和高危的过氧叔丁醇,不利于工业化生产。
WO2004087630报道了如路线三所示的制备方法:
路线三:
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000003
路线三使用格氏试剂与不饱和酮发生1,2-加成反应,加成反应产率仅30%左右,且制备格氏试剂的过程中硅醚保护的卤代烃会大量分解,导致生产成本大大增加。另外,较低的产率和制备格氏试剂时产生的大量副产物导致产物纯化极其困难。因此,该路线也不适于工业化生产。
另外,想要将环己烯酮长链醇开发成药物应用于临床,制备高纯度的原料药是首要条件。环己烯酮长链醇熔点低,室温偏高即为油状物,较难纯化,文献报道的环己烯酮长链醇均采用柱层析处理得到高纯度的产品,由于柱层析成本高、损耗大,不适合用于工业化生产,因此,寻找一条路线短,收率高,操作简便、适于工业化生产的制备高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的方法显得十分迫切。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种式I所示的高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法,该方法通过以下反应式实现:
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000004
其中,A为C10-C18的亚烷基,R1、R2或R3分别独立的为H或甲基,R4为H、取代或未取代的C1-C7烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C14的芳基、
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000005
所述取代是指被选自如下的一种或多种取代基取代:甲基、硝基、氯、溴;其中,R5为H、甲氧基、叔丁氧基、苄氧基、苯基、4-甲苯基或氨基。
R4优选为
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000006
该方法包括以下步骤:
(1a)将环己烯酮长链醇粗品III在适当的条件下与肼或其衍生物R4NHNH2发生缩合反应,得到化合物II;
(1b)化合物II在酸性物质存在下发生水解反应,得到高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇(化合物I)。
在上述方法中,所述高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇(化合物I)的HPLC纯度大于95%,优选地,所述高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇的HPLC纯度大于99%,更优选地,所述高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇的HPLC纯度大于99.9%。
在上述方法中,步骤(1a)中所述适当的条件为酸、碱或吸水剂存在的条件,所述碱选自醇钠、醇钾、氧化镁、氧化钙、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸锂、碳酸铯、碳酸钙、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、醋酸锂、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、苯甲酸锂、三乙胺、三甲胺、二异丙基乙基胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯和三乙烯二胺中的一种或多种,优选叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、三乙胺和二异丙基乙基胺中的一种或几种;所述酸选自醋酸、苯甲酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、三氟化硼乙醚、三氟甲磺酸钪、三氟甲磺酸铟和三氟甲磺酸铋中的一种或多种,优选醋酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟化硼乙醚和三氟甲磺酸铋中的一种或几种;所述吸水剂选自分子筛、硫酸镁、硫酸钠和钙氢等吸水剂中的一种或多种,优选分子筛和硫酸镁中的一种或多种;
所述肼或其衍生物R4NHNH2与环己烯酮长链醇粗品III的摩尔比为0.8∶1~3∶1,优选0.9∶1~2∶1;所述缩合反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、二氧六环、丙酮、2-丁酮、乙 酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、苯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷和水中的一种或多种,优选自甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙腈和正庚烷中的一种或多种;
所述缩合反应的温度为0-149℃,优选为20-129℃;反应时间为0.5~24小时,优选为1~10小时。
在上述方法中,步骤(1b)中所述酸性物质为有机酸、无机酸、路易斯酸、酸性盐或者其他酸性物质中的一种或多种,所述无机酸为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、多聚磷酸或磷钨酸,所述有机酸为甲酸、醋酸、丙酸、草酸、富马酸、马来酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸或三氟甲磺酸,所述路易斯酸为三氟化硼乙醚、三氯化铝、三氯化铁、三氟甲磺酸铋或三氟甲磺酸钪,所述酸性盐为硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢胺或硫酸氢镁、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、三乙胺盐酸盐、吡啶盐酸盐等酸性盐,所述其他酸性物质为硅胶、酸性树脂或者酸性树脂;优选的,所述酸性物质为对甲苯磺酸、盐酸、硫酸、硫酸氢钠或者硫酸氢镁;所述化合物II与酸性物质的投料量的摩尔比为1∶0.2~1∶10,优选为1∶0.2~1∶2;
所述水解反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,2-二甲基-2-咪唑酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰铵、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷,1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿和水中的一种或多种;优选的,所述溶剂为选自甲苯、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、水、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚和二氯甲烷中的一种或多种;
所述水解反应的温度选自20-139℃,反应时间0.5~24小时;优选的反应温度为20-100℃,反应时间0.5~10小时。
环己烯酮长链醇粗品(化合物III)指没有经过纯化步骤的产品,环己烯酮长链醇含量在95%以下即可视为粗品,一般地,使用本发明的方法,环己烯酮长链醇粗品(化合物III)的含量(HPLC外标法)为45-80%。
本发明还提供一种制备上述式III表示的环己烯酮长链醇粗品的方法,如以下反应式所示:
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000007
该方法包括以下步骤:
(2a)化合物IV和化合物V发生金属介导的Barbier反应,生成化合物VI;
(2b)化合物VI在酸性物质存在下发生脱保护反应,直接脱除保护基,得到环己烯酮长链醇粗品III。
其中,X为卤素,R8为C1-C7的烷基、C6-C14的芳基或者
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000008
R2、R3和A的定义同上所述,n=1-12,PG为
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000010
或者
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000011
PG优选为
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000012
在上述方法,步骤(2a)中,所述金属为锂、钠、锶、镁或锌,优选为锂、锶或镁;所述金属与化合物IV的摩尔比为1∶1~12∶1,优选2∶1~10∶1;
化合物V与化合物IV的摩尔比为0.6∶1~6∶1,优选0.8∶1~4∶1;
所述Barbier反应可以在有或无催化剂的条件下进行,所述催化剂为选自四甲基乙二胺、六甲基邻酰胺中的一种或多种;催化剂与化合物IV的摩尔比为0.2∶1~2∶1,优选0.4∶1~1.2∶1;
所述Barbier反应在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷、乙腈、六甲基磷酰铵和环丁砜中的一种或多种;优选甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃和正己烷中一种或多种;
所述Barbier反应的温度选自-20-100℃,优选-10-50℃;反应时间1-36小时,优选2-24小时。
在上述方法,步骤(2b)中,所述酸性物质为甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、三乙胺盐酸盐、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢镁、酸性分子筛、 酸性树脂、醋酸、三氟乙酸、三氟甲磺酸、三氯化铁、三氟化硼乙醚、三硅基氯硅烷和乙酰氯中的一种或多种,优选苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、盐酸和醋酸中的一种或多种;酸性物质与化合物VI的摩尔比为0.02∶1~1∶1,优选0.05∶1~0.2∶1;
所述脱保护反应在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、二氧六环、丙酮、2-丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、苯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷、水中的一种或多种,优选甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙腈、正庚烷、水中的一种或多种;
所述脱保护反应的温度为选自-20-100℃,优选为0-50℃;反应时间为0.1~10小时,优选为0.5~5小时。
所述步骤(2a)和步骤(2b)可分步进行,也可一锅法反应。
本发明还提供一种制备上述式III表示的环己烯酮长链醇粗品的方法,即化合物IX发生由金属介导的分子内Barbier反应,得到环己烯酮长链醇粗品III,如以下反应式所示:
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000013
其中,A为C10-C18的亚烷基,X为卤素;
在上述方法中,所述金属为锂、钠、锶、镁或锌,优选为锂、锶、镁;所述金属与化合物IX的摩尔比为1∶1~12∶1,优选2∶1~10∶1;
所述Barbier反应可以在有或无催化剂的条件下进行,所述催化剂为选自四甲基乙二胺、六甲基膦酰胺中的一种或多种;催化剂与IX的摩尔比为0.2~2∶1,优选0.4~1.2∶1;
所述Barbier反应在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷、乙腈、六甲基磷酰铵、环丁砜中的一种或多种;优选甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、正己烷中一种或多种;
所述Barbier反应的温度选自-20-100℃,优选-10-50℃;反应时间1-36小时,优选2-24小时。
有益效果
本发明提供了一种高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备及纯化方法,采用金属介导的Barbier反应替换文献报道的格氏反应(格氏试剂需要单独制备),从而实现一锅法制备环己烯酮长链醇。产物通过和肼或其衍生物发生缩合反应得到纯化,避免了柱层析。
本发明方法的路线短,操作简单易行,易于控制,产物纯度高,收率好,是一种简洁、高效、经济的工业化制备方法。
具体实施方式:
下面结合实施例对本发明加以进一步说明,以下实施方式只以举例的方式描述本发明。但这些实施例并不意味着对本发明加以任何限制。很明显,本领域普通技术人员可在本发明的范围和实质内,对本发明进行各种变通和修改。需要了解的是,本发明意欲涵盖在所附权利要求书中包括的变通和修改。
化合物IV的制备
制备例1 3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000014
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(80g,1eq)与异丁醇(76.9g,2eq)加入至环己烷(400mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(5g,0.05eq),加热回流分水16h。后处理,冷却至环境温度,依次用5%的氢氧化钠(80mL)、水(80mL)和饱和食盐水(80mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得到3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮(103.65g,95%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.77(d,2H,J=6.4Hz),2.55-2.58(m,2H),1.95-2.05(m,1H),1.82(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),1.72(s,3H),1.11(s,6H),1.01(d,6H,J=6.4Hz).
制备例2 3-环己基甲氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000015
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(10g,1eq)与环己甲醇(14.8g,2eq)加入至环己烷(100mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(0.62g,0.05eq),加热回流分水16h。后处理,冷却 至环境温度,依次用5%的氢氧化钠(20mL)、水(20mL)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干过柱纯化得到3-环己基甲氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮(14.8g,91%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ3.80(d,J=6.9Hz,1H),2.55(td,1H,J=6.2,1.1Hz),1.83(m,6H),1.75(m,3H),1.72(s,3H),1.36-1.23(m,6H),1.12(s,6H).
制备例3 3,3’-(乙基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000016
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(5g,1eq)、乙二醇(1.01g,0.5eq)、p-TSA·H2O(311mg,0.05eq)和甲苯(30mL)加入烧瓶中,加热回流分水6h。旋干甲苯,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和二氯甲烷萃取,二氯甲烷层再用饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,加入石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂,析出固体,然后搅拌3h,抽滤,干燥得3,3’-(乙基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)(4.3g,80%)。熔点:131-132℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.25(s,4H),2.57(t,4H,J=6.2Hz),1.81(t,4H,J=6.3Hz),1.68(s,6H),1.07(s,12H).
制备例4 3-甲氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000017
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(2.7g,1eq)与原甲酸三甲酯(2.8g,1.5eq)加入至甲醇(40mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(167mg,0.05eq),室温搅拌过夜。后处理,加二氯甲烷(30mL)稀释,依次用5%的氢氧化钠(20mL)、水(10mL)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干过柱纯化得到3-甲氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮(2.19g,74.4%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.81(s,3H),2.55-2.58(m,2H),1.95-2.05(m,1H),1.82(t,2H,J=6.4Hz),1.72(s,3H),1.11(s,6H).
制备例5 3,3’-(丙基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000018
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(5g,1eq)、1,3-丙二醇(1.23g,0.5eq)、p-TSA·H2O(311mg,0.05eq)和甲苯(30mL)加入烧瓶中,加热回流分水6h。旋干甲苯,加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和二氯甲烷萃取,二氯甲烷层再用饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,柱层析得3,3’-(丙基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)(3.96g,70%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.13(m,4H),2.46(t,4H,J=6.2Hz),1.81(t,J=6.2Hz,4H),1.70(s,6H),1.32(t,2H,J=6.2Hz),1.08(s,12H).
制备例6 3,3’-(丁基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000019
2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(5g,1eq)溶于甲苯,加入p-TSA·H2O(280mg,0.05eq)、1,4-丁二醇(1.46g,0.5eq),加热回流分水。冷至室温,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,石油醚乙酸乙酯混合溶剂打浆,过滤得化合物3,3’-(丁基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)(4.3g,74%)。熔点132-134℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.10(m,4H),2.57(t,4H,J=6.2Hz),1.83(m,4H),1.78(t,4H,J=6.2Hz)1.70(s,6H),1.08(s,12H).
制备例7 3,3’-(戊基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000020
2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮(5g,1eq)溶于甲苯,加入p-TSA·H2O(280mg,0.05eq)、1,4-戊二醇(1.69g,0.5eq),加热回流分水。冷至室温,加入饱和碳酸钠溶液,加入乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤有机层,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,柱层析得化合物3,3,-(戊基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)(3.66g,60%)。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.10(m,4H),2.57(t,4H,J=6.2Hz),1.83(m,6H),1.78(t,4H,J=6.2Hz)1.70(s,6H),1.08(s,12 H).
制备例8 3,3’-(己基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000021
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(5g,1eq),1,6-己二醇(1.92g,0.5eq)溶于甲苯(50mL)中,加入樟脑磺酸(1.5g,0.2eq),加热回流分水过夜,冷却至环境温度,分别用5%的氢氧化钠(20mL)、水(10mL)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩干用甲醇打浆得类白色固体3,3’-(己基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)(4.7g,89%)。熔点:92-94℃。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ4.10(m,4H),2.47(t,4H,J=6.2Hz),1.88(m,4H),1.78(t,4H,J=6.2Hz)1.70(s,6H),1.32(m,4H)1.08(s,12H)。
化合物IX的制备
制备例9 3-(15-氯十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000022
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(1.3g,1.1eq)与15-氯十五醇VIII-1(2g,1eq)加入至环己烷(50mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(72mg,0.05eq),加热回流分水16h,后处理,冷却至环境温度,依次用5%的氢氧化钠(20mL)、水(10mL)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得到3-(15-氯十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(2.46g,80.9%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.97(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.45(m,2H,J=6.8Hz),2.54-2.55(m,2H),1.78-1.84(m,4H),1.68(s,3H),1.39-1.41(m,4H),1.22-1.35(m,21H),1.08(s,6H).
制备例10 3-(15-溴十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000023
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(1.5g,1eq)与15-溴十五醇VIII-2(2.5g,1eq)加入至环己烷(50mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(80mg,0.05eq),加热回流分水16h。后处理,冷却至环境温度,依次用5%的氢氧化钠(20mL)、水(10mL)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得到3-(15-溴十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(3.37g,93.6%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.97(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),3.40(m,2H,J=6.8Hz),2.54-2.55(m,2H),1.78-1.84(m,4H),1.68(s,3H),1.39-1.41(m,4H),1.22-1.35(m,21H),1.08(s,6H)。
制备例11 3-(15-碘十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000024
将2,4,4-三甲基环己基-1,3-二酮VII(2.55g,1.2eq)与15-碘十五醇VIII-3(5g,1eq)加入至环己烷(50mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(130mg,0.05eq),加热回流分水16h。后处理,冷却至环境温度,依次用5%的氢氧化钠(20mL)、水(10mL)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得到3-(15-碘十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(5.3g,76.6%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.97(t,2H,J=8.4Hz),3.18(m,2H,J=9.6Hz),2.54(t,2H,J=8.4Hz),1.78-1.83(m,2H),1.68(s,3H),1.21-1.50(m,25H),1.08(s,6H).
化合物VI的制备
实施例1 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000025
将3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮IV-1(3g,1eq)、2-(15-氯十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃V-1(5.44g,1.1eq)加入至三口瓶中,氮气置换3次,加入四氢呋喃或甲苯, 氮气置换3次,加入Li(297mg,3eq),氮气置换3次,控温在25-30度反应16h,TLC显示原料基本反应完。将反应液冷却至10-20度,滴加饱和氯化铵(30mL),加入水(30mL),搅拌5min,分层,有机层用0.5M的盐酸(20mL)洗涤,静置分层,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得黄绿色油状物2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品6.6g,103%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.59(dd,1H,J=4.5,2.7Hz),3.89(ddd,1H,J=11.1,7.4,3.4Hz),3.75(dt,1H,J=9.5,6.9Hz),3.59-3.47(m,1H),3.40(dt,1H,J=9.6,6.7Hz),2.51-2.43(m,2H),2.23-2.14(m,2H),1.89-1.80(m,4H),1.77(s,3H),1.67-1.48(m,6H),1.49-1.28(m,23H),1.17(s,6H),1.14(d,1H,J=14.2Hz).
实施例2 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000026
将3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮(5g,1eq)与2-(15-溴十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃(12.1g,1.3eq)溶于THF及甲苯,氮气置换,加入Li(500mg,3eq),15-25度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示原料反应完,将反应液冷却至20度左右,向反应液中滴加饱和氯化铵溶液(20mL),补加水(20mL),搅拌分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,水洗涤,干燥,浓缩干得油状物2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品13.5g,126%)。
实施例3 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000027
将3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮IV-1(5g,1eq)与2-(15-碘十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃V-3(13.6g,1.3eq)溶于THF及甲苯,氮气置换,加入Li(500mg,3eq),15-25度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示原料反应完,将反应液冷却至20度左右,向反应液中滴加饱和氯化铵溶液(20mL),补加水(20mL),搅拌分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,水洗涤,干燥,浓缩干得油状物2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(13.5g,126%)。
实施例4 3-(15-甲氧基亚甲氧基-十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000028
将3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮IV-1(3g,1eq)、1-氯-15-甲氧基亚甲氧基十五烷V-4(4.82g,1.1eq)加入至三口瓶中,氮气置换3次,加入四氢呋喃及甲苯,氮气置换3次,加入Li(297mg,3eq),氮气置换3次,控温在25-30度反应16h,TLC显示原料基本反应完.将反应液冷却至10-20度,滴加饱和氯化铵溶液(30mL),加入水(30mL),搅拌5min,分层,有机层用0.5M的盐酸(20mL)洗涤,静置分层,饱和盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得黄绿色油状物3-(15-甲氧基亚甲氧基-十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品6.8g,117%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ4.55(s,2H),3.49(t,2H,J=7.4Hz),3.16(s,3H),2.92(t,2H,J=5.9Hz),2.30-2.22(m,2H),1.99(s,2H),1.63-1.68(m,2H),1.52-1.42(m,2H),1.42-1.31(m,3H),1.34-1.25(m,22H),1.21(s,6H).
实施例5 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000029
将3-环己基甲氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮IV-2(2g,1eq)与2-(15-溴十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃V-2(3.44g,1.1eq)溶于THF(30mL)中,氮气置换,加入Li(166mg,3eq),20-30度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示原料反应完,向反应液中滴入饱和氯化铵溶液(10mL)及水(10mL),搅拌10min,分层,有机层加EA稀释,用水洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩干得油状物2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品4.6g,128%)。
实施例6 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000030
将3-异甲氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮IV-3(10g,1eq)、2-(15-氯十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃V-1(22.7g,1.1eq)加入至三口瓶中,氮气置换3次,加入四氢呋喃或甲苯,氮气置换3次,加入Li(1.24g,3eq),氮气置换3次,控温在25-30度反应16h,TLC显示原料基本反应完.将反应液冷却至10-20度,滴加饱和氯化铵(100mL),加入水(100mL),搅拌5min,分层,有机层用0.5M的盐酸(60mL)洗涤,静置分层,饱和盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得黄绿色油状物2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品28.2g,106%)。
化合物III的制备
实施例7 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000031
将3-(15-氯十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮IX-1(2g)加入至无水四氢呋喃(20mL)中,氮气保护,加入锂(104mg,3eq),氮气置换,室温搅拌16h以上,TLC显示原料反应完,向反应液中滴入饱和氯化铵溶液(10mL)及水(10mL),搅拌10min,分层,有机层加EA稀释,用水洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,得3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品,油状物(1.82g,100%),含量(HPLC外标法):61.2%。
实施例8 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000032
将3-(15-溴十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮IX-2(2g)加入至无水四氢呋喃(20mL)中,氮气保护,加入锂(94mg,3eq),氮气置换,室温搅拌16h以上,TLC显示原料反应完,向反应液中滴入饱和氯化铵溶液(10mL)及水(10mL),搅拌10min,分层,有机层加EA稀释,用水洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,得3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品,油状物(1.67g,102%),含量(HPLC外标法):63.3%。
实施例9 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000033
将3-(15-碘十五烷氧基)-2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮IX-3(2g)加入至无水四氢呋喃(20mL)中,氮气保护,加入锂(85mg,3eq),氮气置换,室温搅拌16h以上,TLC显示原料反应完,向反应液中滴入饱和氯化铵(10mL)及水(10mL),搅拌10min,分层,有机层加EA稀释,用水洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,干燥,得3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品,油状物(1.50g,101%),含量(HPLC外标法):60.5%。
化合物VI的制备
实施例10 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000034
将3,3’-(乙基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)IV-3(5g,1eq)与2-(15-溴十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃(12.8g,2.2eq)溶于THF(50mL),氮气置换,加入Li(623mg,6eq),25-35度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示反应完,将反应液冷却至0-10度,滴加饱和氯化铵(20mL)及水(10mL),分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩干得2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品(13.9g,104%)。
实施例11 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000035
将3,3’-(丙基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)(5g,1eq)与2-(15-溴十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃(12.4g,2.2eq)溶于THF(50mL),氮气置换,加入Li(597mg,6eq),25-35度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示反应完,将反应液冷却至0-10度,滴加饱和氯化铵(20mL)及水(10mL),分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干 燥,过滤,浓缩干得2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品7.05g,109%)。
实施例12 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000036
将3,3’-(丁基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)IV-6(5g,1eq)与2-(15-氯十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃V-1(10.5g,2.2eq)溶于THF(50mL),氮气置换,加入Li(574mg,6eq),25-35度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示反应完,将反应液冷却至0-10度,滴加饱和氯化铵(20mL)及水(10mL),分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩干得2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品7.1g,115%)。
实施例13 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000037
将3,3’-(戊基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)IV-7(5g,1eq)与1-氯-15-甲氧基亚甲氧基十五烷V-4(8.97g,2.2eq)溶于THF(50mL),氮气置换,加入Li(553mg,6eq),25-35度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示反应完,将反应液冷却至0-10度,滴加饱和氯化铵(20mL)及水(10mL),分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩干得3-(15-甲氧基亚甲氧基-十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品5.5g,101%)。
实施例14 2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000038
将3,3’-(己基-1,2-二氧)-二(2,6,6-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮)IV-8(5g,1eq)与2-(15-溴十 五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃(12.1g,2.2eq)溶于THF(50mL),氮气置换,加入Li(530mg,6eq),25-35度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示反应完,将反应液冷却至0-10度,滴加饱和氯化铵(20mL)及水(10mL),分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(20mL)洗涤,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩干得2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品(13.6g,118%)。
化合物III的制备
实施例15 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000039
将2,4,4-三甲基-3-[15-(四氢-2-氢-吡喃)-2-氧基-十五烷基]环己基-2-烯-1-酮VI-1(51.7g,1eq)溶于甲醇(200mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(1.8g,0.1eq),搅拌3h,加入碳酸氢钠(2g)搅拌10min,浓缩干加二氯甲烷(100mL)及水(50mL),分层,有机层用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品39.8g)。含量(HPLC外标法):70.2%。
实施例16 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000040
将3-(15-甲氧基亚甲氧基-十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮VI-2(50g,1eq)溶于甲醇(200mL)中,加入p-TSA·H2O(2.11g,0.1eq),搅拌3h,加入碳酸氢钠(2g)搅拌10min,浓缩干加二氯甲烷(100mL)及水(50mL),分层,有机层用饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(粗品42.8g),含量(HPLC外标法):69.6%。
实施例17 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(一锅法)
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000041
将3-异丁氧基-2,6,6-三甲基环己-2-烯-1-酮(50g,1eq)与2-(15-溴十五烷基)氧基四氢-2-氢-吡喃V-2(121g,1.3eq)溶于THF,氮气置换,加入Li(5g,3eq),15-25度搅拌过夜,次日,TLC显示原料反应完,将反应液冷却至20度左右,向反应液中滴加饱和氯化铵溶液(200mL),补加水(200mL),搅拌分层,有机层用0.5N盐酸(200mL)洗涤,水洗涤,加入甲醇(400mL)和p-TSA·H2O(4.7g,0.1eq),搅拌3h,加入碳酸氢钠(5.22g)搅拌10min,浓缩干加二氯甲烷(200mL)及水(100mL),分层,有机层用饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩干得3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品(103.9g,120%),含量(HPLC外标法):68.5%。
化合物II的制备
实施例18 [3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯]-氨基甲酰腙
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000042
将3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品III(实施例17制得,含量68.5%)(10.4g,1eq)溶于乙醇(70mL)中,加入水(35mL),加入盐酸氨基脲(3.98g,1.5eq),加入无水醋酸钠(3.9g,2eq),搅拌溶清,加热回流搅拌过夜,析出固体,TLC显示原料反应完。浓缩除去溶剂,加入水(50mL)室温打浆30min。过滤,水洗涤,固体用乙腈(50mL)打浆30min,过滤,烘干得类白色固体3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-氨基甲酰腙8.14g(以IV-1计算三步收率81.2%)。熔点:150-152℃。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.98(s,1H),6.24(s,2H),4.32(s,1H),3.35(d,5H,J=13.8Hz),2.35(d,1H,J=7.3Hz),2.11(s,2H),1.79(s,2H),1.51(s,1H),1.39(s,2H),1.33(s,8H),1.25(s,16H),1.02(s,6H).
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000043
实施例19 [3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯]-4-甲基苯磺酰腙
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000044
将3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮粗品III(5g,1eq)(实施例15制得,含量70.2%)溶于乙醇(50mL)中,加入水(25mL),加入对甲苯磺酰腙(6.38g,2.5eq),加入三乙胺(2.78g,2eq),搅拌溶清,加热至内温60-70度搅拌过夜,析出固体,TLC显示原料反应完。浓缩除去溶剂,加入水(50mL)室温打浆30min。过滤,水洗涤,固体用乙腈(50mL)打浆30min,过滤,烘干得类白色固体3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-氨基甲酰腙3.56g(以IV-1计算三步收率81.2%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.82-7.80(m,2H),7.33-7.31(m,2H),4.30(t,2H,J=7.0Hz),2.42(s,2H),2.30-2.22(m,2H),2.11(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.89(s,2H),1.49(dt,J=14.1,7.0Hz,4H),1.42-1.22(m,25H),1.02(s,6H).
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000045
化合物I的制备
实施例20 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000046
将[3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯]-氨基甲酰腙II-1(100g)加入至THF(200mL)及3N盐酸(500mL)中,氮气保护,加热至55-60度搅拌2h,分层,变为两相,冷却至45度分层,分去水层,用正庚烷(200mL)分散有机层,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200mL)及饱和食盐水(100mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,加活性炭(5g)搅拌20min,过滤,浓缩干加正庚烷(1000mL)溶解,搅拌降温至0-10度,搅拌2h,过滤,固体减压干燥得类白色固体或浅色油状物3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(79g,91%)。熔点:36-38℃。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.61(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),2.43(t,2H,J=9.6Hz),2.13-2.17(m,2H),1.77-1.80(m,3H),1.73(s,3H),1.49-1.55(m,2H),1.21-1.42(m,24H), 1.13(s,6H).HPLC:99.98%,单杂<0.05%(210nm,254nm)。
实施例21 3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-000047
将[3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯]-4-甲基苯磺酰腙II-2(50g)加入至THF(100mL)及3N盐酸(250mL)中,氮气保护,加热至55-60度搅拌2h,分层,变为两相,冷却至45度分层,分去水层,用正庚烷(100mL)分散有机层,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(100mL)及饱和食盐水(50mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,加活性炭(5g)搅拌20min,过滤,浓缩干加正庚烷(1000mL)溶解,搅拌降温至0-10度,搅拌2h,过滤,固体减压干燥得类白色固体或浅色油状物3-(15-羟十五烷基)-2,4,4-三甲基环己基-2-烯-1-酮(27.4g,80%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ3.61(t,2H,J=6.8Hz),2.43(t,2H,J=9.6Hz),2.13-2.17(m,2H),1.77-1.80(m,3H),1.73(s,3H),1.49-1.55(m,2H),1.21-1.42(m,24H),1.13(s,6H).HPLC:99.95%,单杂<0.05%(210nm,254nm)。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种式I所示的高纯度环己烯酮长链醇的制备方法,该方法通过以下反应式实现:
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100001
    其中,A为C10-C18的亚烷基,R1、R2或R3分别独立的为H或甲基,R4为H、取代或未取代的C1-C7烷基、取代或未取代的C6-C14的芳基、
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100002
    其中,所述取代是指被选自如下的一种或多种取代基取代:甲基、硝基、氯、溴;其中,R5为H、甲氧基、叔丁氧基、苄氧基、苯基、4-甲苯基或氨基;R4优选为
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100003
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    (1a)将环己烯酮长链醇粗品III与肼或其衍生物R4NHNH2发生缩合反应,得到化合物II;
    (1b)化合物II在酸性物质存在下发生水解反应,得到高纯度的化合物I。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述式I所示的高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇的HPLC纯度大于95%;优选的,所述式I所示的高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇的HPLC纯度大于99%;进一步优选的,所述式I所示的高纯度的环己烯酮长链醇的HPLC纯度大于99.9%。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1a)在酸、碱或吸水剂存在的条件下进行,其中所述碱选自醇钠、醇钾、氧化镁、氧化钙、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸锂、碳酸铯、碳酸钙、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、醋酸锂、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾、苯甲酸锂、三乙胺、三甲胺、二异丙基乙基胺、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯、1,5-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬-5-烯和三乙烯二胺中的一种或多种,优选叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、醋酸钠、醋酸钾、三乙胺和二异丙基乙基胺中的一种或几种;所述酸选自醋酸、苯甲酸、盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、三氟化硼乙醚、三氟甲磺酸钪、三氟甲磺酸铟和三氟甲磺酸铋中的一种或多种,优选醋酸、对甲苯磺酸、三氟化硼乙醚和三氟甲磺酸铋中的一种或几种;所述吸水剂选自分子筛、硫酸镁、硫酸钠和钙氢等吸水剂中的一种或多种,优选分子筛、硫酸镁中的一种或多种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述肼或其衍生物R4NHNH2与环 己烯酮长链醇粗品III的摩尔比为0.8∶1~3∶1,优选为0.9∶1~2∶1。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述缩合反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、二氧六环、丙酮、2-丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、苯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷和水中的一种或多种,优选自甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙腈和正庚烷中的一种或多种;
    所述缩合反应的反应温度选为0-149℃,优选为20-129℃;反应时间为0.5~24小时,优选为1~10小时。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1b)中所述酸性物质为有机酸、无机酸、路易斯酸、酸性盐或者其他酸性物质中的一种或多种,所述无机酸为硫酸、盐酸、磷酸、多聚磷酸或磷钨酸,所述有机酸为甲酸、醋酸、丙酸、草酸、富马酸、马来酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸或三氟甲磺酸,所述路易斯酸为三氟化硼乙醚、三氯化铝、三氯化铁、三氟甲磺酸铋或三氟甲磺酸钪,所述酸性盐为硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢胺或硫酸氢镁、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、三乙胺盐酸盐、吡啶盐酸盐等酸性盐、所述其他酸性物质为硅胶、酸性树脂;优选的,所述酸性物质为对甲苯磺酸、盐酸、硫酸、硫酸氢钠或者硫酸氢镁;所述化合物II与酸性物质的投料量的摩尔比为1∶0.2~1∶10,优选1∶0.2~1∶2。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述水解反应在溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、乙腈、2-丁酮、丙酮、1,2-二甲基-2-咪唑酮、二甲亚砜、二甲基砜、环丁砜、六甲基磷酰铵、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、四氢呋喃、正己烷、环己烷、二氯甲烷,1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿和水中的一种或多种;优选的,所述溶剂为选自甲苯、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇、水、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚和二氯甲烷中的一种或多种;
    所述水解反应的反应温度为20-139℃,反应时间0.5~24小时;优选的反应温度为20-100℃,反应时间0.5~10小时。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述环己烯酮长链醇粗品III通过以下反应式得到:
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100004
    其中,X为卤素,R8为C1-C7的烷基、C6-C14的芳基或者
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100005
    n=1-12,PG为
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100007
    优选的,PG为
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100008
    该方法包括以下步骤:
    (2a)化合物IV和V发生金属介导的Barbier反应,生成化合物VI;
    (2b)化合物VI在酸性物质存在下发生脱保护反应,脱除保护基,得到环己烯酮长链醇粗品III。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2a)中,所述金属为锂、钠、锶、镁或锌,优选为锂、锶或镁;所述金属与化合物IV的摩尔比为1∶1~12∶1,优选2∶1~10∶1;V与IV的摩尔比为0.6∶1~6∶1,优选0.8∶1~4∶1。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述Barbier反应在有或无催化剂的条件下进行,所述催化剂为选自四甲基乙二胺、六甲基膦酰胺中的一种或多种;催化剂与化合物IV的摩尔比为0.2∶1~2∶1,优选0.4∶1~1.2∶1;
    所述Barbier反应在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷、乙腈、六甲基磷酰铵和环丁砜中的一种或多种;优选甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃和正己烷中一种或多种;
    所述Barbier反应的温度选自-20-100℃,优选-10-50℃;反应时间1-36小时,优选2-24小时。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2b)中,所述酸性物质为甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、三乙胺盐酸盐、盐酸、硫酸、 磷酸、硫酸氢钠、硫酸氢镁、酸性分子筛、酸性树脂、醋酸、三氟乙酸、三氟甲磺酸、三氯化铁、三氟化硼乙醚、三硅基氯硅烷和乙酰氯中的一种或多种,优选苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、樟脑磺酸、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、盐酸和醋酸中的一种或多种;酸性物质与化合物VI的摩尔比为0.02∶1~1∶1,优选0.05∶1~0.2∶1;
    所述脱保护反应在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、叔戊醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、异丙醚、二氧六环、丙酮、2-丁酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲苯、二甲苯、氯苯、苯、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮、二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯仿、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷和水中的一种或多种,优选甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、乙腈、正庚烷和水中的一种或多种;
    所述脱保护反应的反应温度为-20-100℃,优选为0-50℃;反应时间为0.1~10小时,优选为0.5~5小时。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2a)和步骤(2b)可分步进行,也可一锅法反应。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述环己烯酮长链醇粗品III通过以下反应式得到:
    Figure PCTCN2017072078-appb-100009
    化合物IX发生金属介导的分子内Barbier反应,得到环己烯酮长链醇粗品III,其中,X为卤素,A为C10-C18的亚烷基。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金属为锂、钠、锶、镁或者锌,优选为锂、锶或镁;所述金属与化合物IX的摩尔比为1∶1~12∶1,优选为2∶1~10∶1。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述Barbier反应在有或无催化剂的条件下进行,所述催化剂为选自四甲基乙二胺、六甲基膦酰胺中的一种或多种;催化剂与化合物IX的摩尔比为0.2~2∶1,优选0.4~1.2∶1;
    所述Barbier反应在合适的溶剂中进行,所述溶剂选自苯、甲苯、氯苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二氧六环、甲基叔丁基醚、正己烷、正庚烷、环己烷、乙腈、六甲基磷酰铵和环丁砜中的一种或多种;优选甲苯、二甲苯、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃和正己烷中一种或多种;
    所述Barbier反应的反应温度为-20-100℃,优选为-10-50℃;反应时间为1-36小时,优选为2-24小时。
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