WO2017111092A1 - 金属選択回収剤、金属回収方法、および、金属溶出方法 - Google Patents
金属選択回収剤、金属回収方法、および、金属溶出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J45/00—Ion-exchange in which a complex or a chelate is formed; Use of material as complex or chelate forming ion-exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the complex or chelate forming ion-exchange properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/12—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions
- C22B3/14—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in inorganic alkaline solutions containing ammonia or ammonium salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/04—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching
- C22B3/16—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes by leaching in organic solutions
- C22B3/1666—Leaching with heterocyclic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B59/00—Obtaining rare earth metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4843—Algae, aquatic plants or sea vegetals, e.g. seeweeds, eelgrass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metal selective recovery agent, a metal recovery method, and a metal elution method.
- rare earths of 100 ppm or less are discarded as metal waste liquids because it is difficult to selectively recover them by using chemical exchange resins. Even for gold ions, tens of ppm or less cannot be recycled by current chemical and engineering methods.
- metal recovery such as a method that uses living organisms to elute metals contained as solids in solutions (bioleaching) and a method that removes and adsorbs metal ions contained in solutions (biosorption).
- bioleaching a method that uses living organisms to elute metals contained as solids in solutions
- biosorption a method that removes and adsorbs metal ions contained in solutions
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of cultivating cyanidium red algae in a solution and eluting metal ions from a metal contained as a solid in the solution, or absorbing a metal ion contained in the solution into the red algae. And a method for recovering it is disclosed.
- Metal recovery by biological or biosorbents is useful for recovering low-concentration metals compared to chemical and engineering methods, and is an environmentally friendly method that enables chemicals to be reduced at low cost. There are many reports.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a metal selective recovery agent, a metal recovery method, and a metal elution method that can be performed at a lower cost and higher efficiency than conventional methods. Is.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- a metal selective recovery agent comprising a cyanidium dead cell, a cell surface layer, or a cyanidium-derived material or porphyrin which is an artificial material produced by imitating the cell surface layer.
- the porphyrin is preferably a protonated porphyrin.
- the metal selective recovery agent according to any one of [1] to [4] described above selectively selects noble metals and / or lanthanoids including gold or palladium from a base metal mixed solution under acidic conditions. Metal selective recovery agent, characterized in that it is recovered.
- the recovery step is a step of selectively recovering a noble metal and / or a rare metal containing a rare earth from the metal solution.
- the recovery step may be performed under acidic conditions from a base metal mixed solution, a noble metal containing gold or palladium, and / or A metal recovery method comprising selectively recovering a lanthanoid.
- the recovery step recovers gold ions by adsorption using the cyanidium-derived material, and the porphyrin
- recovery method characterized by including the reduction
- the metal elution method characterized by including the process of adding the composition for metal elution which is an acidic solution to the said cyanidium origin thing.
- a metal elution method for eluting a recovered metal from a cyanidium-derived material, which is a dead cell of cyanidium, a cell surface layer, or an artificial material produced by imitating the cell surface layer A metal elution method comprising a step of adding a metal elution composition containing a mixed solution of ammonium salt to the cyanidium-derived material.
- the metal recovery method of the present invention comprises (1) recovery by adsorption using cyanidium cell surface and (2) reduction of gold ion by porphyrin. It is preferable to increase the purity by using nanoparticles.
- the metal recovery method of the present invention (1) it is preferable to elute the noble metal complex with a purity of 99.98% by recovering by adsorption using a cell surface layer of cyanidium and then desorbing with a specific solution. .
- the metal recovery method of the present invention it is preferable to purify only noble metal ions by (1) recovery by adsorption using a cell surface layer of cyanidium and then burning.
- a precious metal may be extracted and purified as a complex by using a mixed solution of aqueous ammonia and ammonium salt (ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bromide, etc.). It is effective for the cell surface layer of cyanidiums, but it can also be used with existing ion exchange resins. Note that ammonia water alone is not sufficient.
- the metal recovery method of the present invention is for eluting the recovered metal from cyanidium-derived materials, which are dead cells of cyanidium, cell surface layers, or man-made materials imitating the cell surface layer. It is preferable to use a mixed solution of ammonia and an ammonium salt as the solution.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a metal selective recovery agent, a metal recovery method, and a metal elution method that can efficiently perform selective recovery, elution, and purification of metals at low cost.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of ICP-MS measurement of the concentration of each metal contained in the culture supernatant and cell fraction when no cells were added / added.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a visible light image and a UV irradiation image of a fraction containing ethyl acetate in the supernatant of the medium (extracted fraction of ethyl acetate obtained by mixing the medium supernatant and ethyl acetate) (drawing substitute) Photo).
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of ICP-MS measurement of the concentration of each metal contained in the culture supernatant and cell fraction when no cells were added / added.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a visible light image and a UV irradiation image of a fraction containing ethyl acetate in the supernatant of the medium (extracted fraction of ethyl acetate obtained by mixing the medium supernatant and ethyl acetate) (
- FIG. 3 shows the absorption wavelength on the horizontal axis and the absorbance on the vertical axis in the fraction containing ethyl acetate in the medium supernatant (ethyl acetate extract fraction obtained by mixing the medium supernatant and ethyl acetate).
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum before HPLC purification.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum after HPLC purification.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the MS / MS analysis results of the HPLC-purified dye.
- FIG. 7 shows the results of 1H-NMR analysis of the HPLC-purified dye.
- FIG. 8 shows a case where no metal was added (HPLC purified product of ethyl acetate extract fraction (coproporphyrin): dotted line in the figure), Nd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ when metal was added (ethyl acetate extraction fraction) Of the HPLC purified product (coproporphyrin) + metal: solid line in the figure), and also when EDTA was added (HPLC purified product (coproporphyrin) + metal + EDTA: broken line in the figure) of the ethyl acetate extract fraction) is there.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram (drawing representative photograph) showing changes in the concentration of gold ions added to cells and the color of the culture solution.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing the positions of gold nanoparticles in a cell microscope image and the results of Au composition analysis by TEM-EDS.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the recovery rate at a gold ion concentration of 0.5 to 25.0 ppm and incubation time.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the recovery rate of gold ions to cells depending on pH.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram (drawing-substituting photograph) showing the result of incubating the methanol-extracted fraction while changing the gold ion concentration.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing a CCD camera image and an SEM image of a golden structure produced by incubation of a MeOH extract fraction and a high concentration of gold ions.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the spectral shift in the visible region when gold ions are added to coproporphyrin.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing the results of overnight incubation by adding gold ions to a sample of coproporphyrin and pheophytin.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram schematically showing a first stage of biosorption (adsorption) and a second stage of reduction.
- the metal selective recovery agent, metal recovery method, and metal elution method of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the present embodiment will be described together with the background of the present invention, and then examples with experimental results will be described.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and examples.
- cyanidium red algae alga bodies and cell surface layers of red algae, alga body adsorbents and cell surface fractions may be described.
- the present invention may be applied to cyanidium-derived materials such as dead cells of cyanidium, cell surface layers, and artificial materials produced by imitating the cell surface layers.
- G. sulfuraria red algae of the cyanidium Galdieria sulfuraria
- the incubation time after adding the Sulfuraria cells is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 minute to 24 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
- the incubation temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 ° C to 70 ° C.
- coproporphyrin as a chelator involved in the elution of rare earth (see Example 2 described later).
- the inventor has also found that coproporphyrin chelates rare earth and divalent iron, but does not chelate trivalent iron.
- one embodiment of the present invention based on this discovery is that a porphyrin such as coproporphyrin is subjected to acidic conditions, so that noble metals such as gold and palladium, lanthanoids and the like can be obtained from a base metal mixed solution such as iron. Rare earths are selectively recovered.
- a porphyrin such as coproporphyrin under acidic conditions, noble metals and rare earths can be selectively recovered from the metal waste liquid even when a large amount of base metals such as iron are present.
- the reason why the trivalent iron does not chelate and the trivalent rare earth is chelated is considered to be due to the difference in the ionic radius and the stability of the complex. For this reason, rare earths (for example, Dy and Tb) that are very close in nature and are currently difficult to separate industrially can be separated from each other due to the difference in ionic radius and the stability of the complex.
- the inventor of the present application is a red alga G.
- Sulfuraria also found that porphyrins such as coproporphyrin and pheophytin promote the reduction of gold for the phenomenon in which nanoparticles are formed by reducing gold ions in the presence of light (Example 7 described later).
- coproporphyrin forms larger-sized gold particles than a kind of pheophytin of the same porphyrin (Example 8 described later).
- one embodiment of the present invention based on this discovery is characterized in that gold particles are formed by reducing gold ions in a solution by using porphyrins such as coproporphyrin and pheophytin.
- one embodiment of the present invention may form a solid metal by reducing a metal having a high redox potential such as a noble metal ion in a solution using porphyrin.
- porphyrin acts as a chelator and selectively adsorbs (chelates) noble metal or rare earth metal ions, and (2) a cell surface layer of cyanidiums, It is possible to selectively adsorb metal complexes such as noble metals and rare earths from a mixed solution of base metals such as iron by placing them under acidic conditions.
- base metals such as iron
- Porphyrin is a compound that exists in all living organisms from microorganisms to humans, and in recent years, chemical synthesis methods have also been developed. By using porphyrins derived from biological and chemical synthesis, it is more efficient and cost-effective than conventional methods for selective recovery of low-concentration rare earths that are not currently recycled and for nanoparticulation and recovery by reduction of gold ions Can provide a simple method.
- cyanidium algae recover low concentrations of noble metals with high efficiency (see Examples 3 and 4 described later). Based on this discovery, the present inventor selects noble metals with high efficiency using cyanidium algae by setting the acid concentration of the metal waste liquid (aqueous solution) containing gold and palladium to about 0.5M. And collected only in algae cells (see Example 5 below), and extracted only precious metals from cyanidium-derived materials, which are dead cells of cyanidium, cell surface, and artificial materials created by imitating the cell surface -It came to devise the method to refine
- purify (refer Example 6 mentioned later).
- One embodiment of the present invention based on these findings is for eluting noble metals such as gold and palladium recovered in cyanidium-derived substances such as alga body adsorbents such as red algae alga bodies and cell surface layers of red algae. It is to provide a metal elution composition that is an acidic solution.
- a metal elution composition that is an acidic solution is used as a metal elution method for eluting noble metals such as gold and palladium recovered from cyanidium-derived materials. Or it includes the process of adding to an algal adsorbent.
- a metal elution composition containing aqua regia.
- the acid concentration of the acidic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1M to 10M, more preferably 0.1M to 1.0M, and more preferably 0.3M to 0 from the viewpoint of increasing the elution efficiency. .8M is particularly preferred.
- a metal elution composition containing a mixed solution of ammonia and an ammonium salt for eluting a metal recovered from a cyanidium-derived material is used as a red algae alga body or alga body adsorbent. It includes a step of adding to the agent (see Example 6 described later).
- Example 1 Example 1 relating to elution of rare earth from neodymium magnet waste (bioleaching) and recovery to cells (biosorption) will be described.
- the culture conditions were 10 mg neodymium magnet waste / 20 ml 2 ⁇ Allen's medium with a cell density of 10 8 cells / ml.
- the concentration of each metal contained in the supernatant and cell fraction of the culture solution on day 0, day 2 and day 5 was determined by ICP-MS.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the ICP-MS results of the concentrations of each metal contained in the culture supernatant and cell fraction when no cells were added / added. As shown in FIG. 1, when only neodymium magnet waste material was added to the culture solution and no cells were added, iron was eluted into the culture solution, but rare earths (Nd 3+ , Dy 3+ , Pr 3+ ) were almost soluble in the culture medium. None ( Figure 1, ad).
- ⁇ Summary> ⁇ 1> G It was found that by adding sulfuraria cells to the medium, elution of iron and rare earths occurred in the culture supernatant more efficiently.
- concentrations of iron and rare earth in the culture supernatant and cell fraction are as follows. It turned out that it changes according to the culture condition of sulfuraria. It was found that under the ⁇ 3> semi-anaerobic conditions, not only rare earth elution from the neodymium magnet waste material to the culture supernatant but also concentration to the cell fraction occurred.
- Example 2 relating to the identification of a chelator exhibiting selectivity for rare earths is described below.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a visible light image and a UV irradiation image of a fraction containing ethyl acetate in the supernatant of the medium (extracted fraction of ethyl acetate obtained by mixing the medium supernatant and ethyl acetate) (drawing substitute) Photo).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a visible light image and a UV irradiation image of a fraction containing ethyl acetate in the supernatant of the medium (extracted fraction of ethyl acetate obtained by mixing the medium supernatant and ethyl acetate) (drawing substitute) Photo).
- FIG. 3 shows the absorption wavelength on the horizontal axis and the absorbance on the vertical axis in the fraction containing ethyl acetate in the medium supernatant (ethyl acetate extract fraction obtained by mixing the medium supernatant and ethyl acetate).
- FIGS. 2 and 3 the dye contained a large amount of dye and rare earth having an absorption maximum at 400 nm. Furthermore, purification by HPLC was advanced based on the absorption maximum at 400 nm.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum before HPLC purification
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum after HPLC purification.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the MS / MS analysis result of the HPLC-purified dye
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the 1H-NMR analysis result of the HPLC-purified dye.
- Example 1 The bioleaching experiment of Example 1 was conducted under acidic (pH 2.5) conditions. Under acidic conditions, iron, the divalent (Fe 2+) without trivalent since there as (Fe 3+), coproporphyrin medium supernatant, iron (Fe 3+) many rare than (Nd 3+ , Dy 3+ ).
- the present inventors have found that rare earth and iron can be separated using coproporphyrin under acidic conditions where iron becomes trivalent. That is, the present inventors have found a method for selectively recovering rare earths and noble metals such as lanthanoids from a mixed solution of base metals such as iron under acidic conditions using porphyrin.
- Example 3 relating to the recovery of noble metals by cyanidium algae is described below.
- the cell concentration and the acid concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution were changed.
- the recovery efficiency of 0-25 ppm gold, platinum and palladium by Sulfuraria was investigated.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the collection
- the acid concentration was two types, 0.4M hydrochloric acid solution (pH 0.5) and 40 mM hydrochloric acid solution (pH 2.5).
- Au 3+ , Pd 2+ and Pt 4+ are added to the hydrochloric acid solution.
- Sulfuraria cells were cultured for 30 minutes. Two cell densities, 1.4 mg / ml and 14 mg / ml, were measured in terms of dry weight.
- the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution containing Au 3+ , Pd 2+ , and Pt 4+ when cells are not added is as follows.
- Example 4 relating to the recovery efficiency in living cells (Freesing cells) and dead cells (Freeze-thawed cells) will be described below.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the collection
- live or dead cells are either 0.4 M hydrochloric acid solution (pH 0.5) containing 5 ppm Au 3+ , 0.4 M hydrochloric acid solution (pH 0.5) containing 5 ppm Pd 2+ , or 0.
- the cells were cultured in a 40 mM hydrochloric acid solution (pH 2.5) containing 5 ppm of Pt 4+ .
- the supernatant fraction was separated from the cells by centrifugation, and the concentration was determined by ICP-MS. The percentage of each fraction was determined by dividing the concentration in each fraction by the concentration when cultured without cells as a control.
- the concentrations of Au 3+ , Pd 2+ , and Pt 4+ when cells were not added were 2.5 ⁇ 0.6, 4.6 ⁇ 0.7, and 0.4 ⁇ 0.2 (each value is (Mean value ⁇ SD value of each of three independent experiments).
- Example 5 relating to selective recovery in the presence of a plurality of metal ions will be described below.
- the table below is a table showing the recovery efficiency of Au 3+ and Pd 2+ from metal waste liquid containing aqua regia with high acidity.
- aqua regia, Fe 2+ / 3+ in 570 ppm, Cu 2+ of 4800, 40 ppm of Pt 4+, Au 3+ of 530 ppm, Ni 2+ of 460 ppm, 50 ppm of Sn 2+, Pd of 120ppm 2+, 110ppmZn 2+, 5.6M Prepared with the acid.
- Example 6 relating to the elution of the noble metal ions recovered in the algal cells will be described below.
- FIG. 5 is a table showing elution of Au 3+ and Pd 2+ from Sulfuraria cells.
- the cells were 57 ppm Fe 2+ / 3 + , 480 ppm Cu 2+ , 4 ppm Pt 4+ , 53 ppm Au 3+ , 46 ppm Ni 2+ , 5 ppm Sn 2+ , 12 ppm Pd 2+ , 11 ppm Zn 2+ , 0.56 M acid.
- a diluted metal waste solution containing 15 minutes of incubation was used (each value represents an average value ⁇ SE value).
- Example 6 the recovery to the algal bodies was within 15 minutes, the extraction from the algal bodies was within 30 minutes, and it was confirmed that the treatment was possible in a short time. Further, according to Example 6, it was confirmed that the acid concentration of the solution was adjusted to about 0.5 M, and the noble metal could be selectively recovered from the aqua regia solution using cyanidium. In addition, it was found that a noble metal can be extracted and purified as a complex by using a mixed solution of aqueous ammonia and ammonium salt (ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bromide, etc.).
- aqueous ammonia and ammonium salt ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium bromide, etc.
- Table 7 below shows the experimental results when chlorella was used instead of sulfuraria.
- the table below shows the recovery efficiency of Au 3+ and Pd 2+ from metal waste liquid containing diluted aqua regia using chlorella cells.
- the aqua regia is 57 ppm Fe 2+ / 3 + , 480 ppm Cu 2+ , 4 ppm Pt 4+ , 53 ppm Au 3+ , 46 ppm Ni 2+ , 5 ppm Sn 2+ , 12 ppm Pd 2+ , 11 ppm Zn 2+ ,.
- Prepared with 56M acid (each value is the mean ⁇ SD value).
- the cells were 57 ppm Fe 2+ / 3 + , 480 ppm Cu 2+ , 4 ppm Pt 4+ , 53 ppm Au 3+ , 46 ppm Ni 2+ , 5 ppm Sn 2+ , 12 ppm Pd 2+ , 11 ppm Zn 2+ , 0.56M. Incubated for 15 minutes in a diluted metal waste solution containing the acid (each value is the mean ⁇ SE value).
- Example 7 relating to recovery of low-concentration gold ions by sulfuraria and nanoparticulation by reduction will be described below.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing a change in the concentration of gold ions added to the cells and the color of the culture solution.
- G. Sulfuraria recovered 25 ppm or less of gold ions with an efficiency of 90% or more.
- Table 9 below is a table showing the gold ion concentration added to the cells and the recovery rate (%) to the cells.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing the position of the gold nanoparticle in the cell microscope image and the result of Au composition analysis by TEM-EDS.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the recovery rate at a gold ion concentration of 0.5 to 25.0 ppm and an incubation time. As shown in FIG. 13, the recovery of gold ions reached 100% within 10 minutes. This recovery of gold ions occurred under acidic conditions.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the recovery rate of gold ions to cells depending on pH.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing the change in the color of the culture solution depending on the pH and the incubation time. As shown in FIG. 15, at the time of 30 minutes when the recovery of gold ions reached 100%, the color of the culture broth was yellow and changed to reddish purple after overnight incubation (o / n: over night).
- FIG. 16 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing a change in the color of the culture solution when incubation is performed at each temperature in a dark place and a bright place.
- Example 8 relating to photoreduction of gold ions by porphyrins (pheophytin, coproporphyrin) will be described below.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a method for preparing each cell fraction.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing the change in color after adding gold ions to each cell fraction and culturing for 30 minutes. As shown in FIG. 18, after the incubation, gold ions were reduced in the methanol (MeOH) extraction fraction, and gold nanoparticles were observed.
- MeOH methanol
- FIG. 19 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing the result of incubating the methanol extraction fraction with different pH.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram (drawing-substituting photograph) showing the result of incubating the methanol-extracted fraction while changing the gold ion concentration.
- FIG. 20 As shown in FIG. 20, as the gold ion concentration increased, a golden structure having a size larger than that of reddish purple gold nanoparticles was observed.
- MeOH extraction fraction- MeOH extraction fraction-
- FIG. 21 is a diagram (drawing substitute photograph) showing a CCD camera image and an SEM image of a golden structure produced by incubation of a MeOH extract fraction and a high concentration of gold ions.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the spectral shift of the visible portion when gold ions are added to coproporphyrin. As shown in FIG. When gold ions are added to coproporphyrin purified from the outside of Sulfuraria, a visible spectral shift occurs and the coproporphyrin chelates gold ions.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram (drawing substitute photo) showing the result of overnight incubation by adding gold ions to a sample of coproporphyrin and pheophytin. As shown in FIG. 23, it was found that reduction of gold ions and formation of gold particles are promoted upon light irradiation in the presence of coproporphyrin or pheophytin.
- porphyrin is used, it is possible to recover and purify high-purity gold ions by reducing gold ions at a lower concentration than before to form nanoparticles.
- porphyrin can be selectively purified with high purity as gold particles selectively even under conditions where a plurality of metal ions are present in large quantities due to selectivity.
- Example 9 Here, Example 9 in which cyanidium-derived materials and chlorella are compared will be described below.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a metal selective recovery agent, a metal recovery method, and a metal elution method capable of efficiently performing selective recovery, elution and purification of metals at low cost. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to the recycling of precious metals and rare metals, such as separation of rare earth from metal waste liquids containing iron and reduction and recovery of gold ions, recovery of precious metals and rare metals contained in the environment at low concentrations, from living organisms and adsorbents. In the elution and purification of the noble metal ion complex, the industrial utility value is high.
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Abstract
Description
[1]シアニディウム類の死細胞、細胞表層、もしくは、当該細胞表層を模して作製された人工物、であるシアニディウム類由来物、または、ポルフィリン、を含むことを特徴とする金属選択回収剤。なお、シアニディウム類由来物として、シアニディウム類の生細胞を用いても良い。また、ポルフィリンは、プロトン化したポルフィリンであることが好ましい。
本実施の形態にかかる、金属選択回収剤、金属回収方法、および、金属溶出方法の概要について説明する。上述のように、生物や生物吸着剤による金属の回収は、化学的方法や工学的方法に比べて、低濃度の金属回収に有用であることや、低コストで化学薬品の減量を可能にする環境負荷が低い方法であるものの、金属の選択的回収や精製が難しく実用化の妨げになっていた。そのため、化学的方法、工学的方法、生物学的方法のいずれによっても、数十ppm以下の貴金属イオンは回収が難しく、金属廃液として廃棄されている。
本実施の形態の金属溶出用組成物/金属溶出方法の概要について説明する。上述のように、生物や生物吸着剤による金属の回収は、化学的方法や工学的方法に比べて、低濃度の金属回収に有用であることや、低コストで化学薬品の減量を可能にする環境負荷が低い方法であるものの、金属の選択的回収や精製が難しく実用化の妨げになっていた。そのため、化学的方法、工学的方法、生物学的方法のいずれによっても、数十ppm以下の貴金属イオンは回収が難しく、金属廃液として廃棄されている。
ネオジム磁石廃材から希土類の溶出(バイオリーチング)と細胞への回収(バイオソープション)に関する実施例1について説明する。
まず、鉄を主成分とするネオジム磁石廃材[10g中に、4.7g Fe2+/3+、1.7g Nd3+、0.5g プラセオジム(Pr3+)、0.4g Dy3+(下表参照)]を20mlのG.sulphuraria培養液に加えた。より具体的には、培養条件は、10mgネオジム磁石廃材/20ml 2×Allen’sメディウムにおいて、細胞密度を108 cells/mlとした。
(1)光合成のみで増殖する光独立栄養条件(Light)
(2)光合成と有機物の代謝の両方を行う光混合栄養条件(Light+Glc)
(3)暗所で有機物のみを代謝する従属栄養条件(Dark+Glc)
(4)100%二酸化炭素で強制通気を行った準嫌気条件下で、光合成により増殖する、準嫌気独立栄養条件(Light)
(5)100%窒素で強制通気を行った準嫌気条件下で、暗所で発酵を行う準嫌気従属栄養条件(Dark+Acetate)
図1は、細胞非添加/添加時における培養液の上清と細胞画分に含まれる各金属濃度のICP-MS結果を示すグラフ図である。図1に示すように、培養液に、ネオジム磁石廃材のみを加えて、細胞を加えない場合、鉄は培養液に溶出したが、希土類(Nd3+,Dy3+,Pr3+)は培地にほとんど溶けなかった(図1,a-d)。
<1>G.sulphurariaの細胞を培地に加えることにより、より効率良く、培養液上清に鉄や希土類の溶出が起こることが分かった。<2>培養液上清や細胞画分における鉄や希土類の濃度は、G.sulphurariaの培養条件に応じて変化することが分かった。<3>準嫌気条件では、ネオジム磁石廃材から培地上清への希土類の溶出だけでなく、細胞画分への濃縮が起こることが分かった。
従来、微生物を利用したバイオリーチングでは、金属廃材や鉱石からの金属の溶出工程(バイオリーチング)の後に、溶液中から金属を回収する工程が必要であったが、G.sulphurariaを利用した場合、希土類を培溶培養液上清に溶出するだけでなく、細胞に回収することができ、従来の溶出と回収という2つの工程を1つの工程にすることができる、という知見が得られた。
希土類に選択性を示すキレーターの同定に関する実施例2について以下に説明する。
シアニディウム類の藻類による貴金属の回収に関する実施例3について以下に説明する。実施例3では、細胞濃度と塩酸溶液の酸濃度を変えて、G.sulphurariaによる0-25ppmの金、プラチナ、パラジウムの回収効率を調べた。図9は、G.sulphurariaによる金、プラチナ、パラジウムの回収効率を示すグラフ図である。
0.5±0.2, 4.5±0.9, 14±1.4, 28±2.8(Au3+,pH0.5)
0.9±0.3, 2.9±0.1, 7.6±0.8, 16±3.6(Au3+,pH2.5)
0.4±0.1, 4.1±1.2, 8.4±1.6, 20±3.3(Pd2+,pH0.5)
0.3±0.1, 4.0±0.7, 9.4±2.0, 17±1.0(Pd2+,pH2.5)
0.6±0.1, 6.0±1.5, 15±3.2, 31±5.1(Pt4+,pH0.5)
0.6±0.4, 3.4±1.5, 8.6±2.0, 19±4.1(Pt4+,pH2.5)
(各値は、3つの独立した実験それぞれの平均値±SD値)
つづいて、生細胞(Living Cells)と死細胞(Freeze-thawed Cells)における回収効率に関する実施例4について以下に説明する。
つづいて、複数の金属イオン存在下における選択的回収に関する実施例5について以下に説明する。
藻体に回収した貴金属イオンの溶出に関する実施例6について以下に説明する。
つづいて、G.sulphurariaによる低濃度の金イオンの回収と還元によるナノ粒子化に関する実施例7について以下に説明する。
ポルフィリン類(フェオフィチン、コプロポルフィリン)による金イオンの光還元に関する実施例8について以下に説明する。
ここで、シアニディウム類由来物とクロレラを比較した実施例9について以下に説明する。
Claims (17)
- シアニディウム類の死細胞、細胞表層、もしくは、当該細胞表層を模して作製された人工物、であるシアニディウム類由来物、または、ポルフィリン、
を含むことを特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項1に記載の金属選択回収剤において、
前記ポルフィリンは、
コプロポルフィリン、および/または、フェオフィチンであること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項1または2に記載の金属選択回収剤において、
前記ポルフィリンは、プロトン化されたものであること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載の金属選択回収剤は、
貴金属、および/または、希土類を含むレアメタルを選択的に回収すること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つに記載の金属選択回収剤は、
酸性条件下で、卑金属混在溶液から、金もしくはパラジウムを含む貴金属、および/または、ランタノイドを選択的に回収すること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項5に記載の金属選択回収剤は、
各元素のイオン半径の違いと錯体の安定度に基づき、ランタノイドと鉄を分離して選択的に回収すること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項1に記載の金属選択回収剤において、
前記シアニディウム類の細胞表層は、貴金属イオン錯体を静電作用またはイオン交換により吸着し、所定の溶液で脱着すること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一つに記載の金属選択回収剤において、
前記ポルフィリンは、貴金属を還元させることによってナノ粒子を形成させること
を特徴とする金属選択回収剤。 - シアニディウム類の死細胞、細胞表層、もしくは、当該細胞表層を模して作製された人工物、であるシアニディウム類由来物、または、ポルフィリンを、金属溶液中に添加する添加工程と、
前記シアニディウム類由来物または前記ポルフィリンによって、前記金属溶液中から金属を回収する回収工程と
を含むことを特徴とする金属回収方法。 - 請求項9に記載の金属回収方法において、
前記ポルフィリンは、
コプロポルフィリン、および/または、フェオフィチンであること
を特徴とする金属回収方法。 - 請求項9または10に記載の金属回収方法において、
前記回収工程が、前記金属溶液中から、貴金属、および/または、希土類を含むレアメタルを選択的に回収する工程であること
を特徴とする金属製造方法。 - 請求項9乃至11のいずれか一つに記載の金属回収方法において、
前記回収工程は、酸性条件下で、卑金属混在溶液から、金もしくはパラジウムを含む貴金属、並びに/または、ランタノイドを選択的に回収すること
を特徴とする金属回収方法。 - 請求項12に記載の金属回収方法において、
前記回収工程は、各元素のイオン半径の違いと錯体の安定度に基づき、ランタノイドと鉄を分離して選択的に回収すること
を特徴とする金属回収方法。 - 請求項9乃至13のいずれか一つに記載の金属回収方法において、
前記ポルフィリンが貴金属を還元させることによりナノ粒子を形成させる還元工程を含むこと
を特徴とする金属回収方法。 - 請求項9乃至14のいずれか一つに記載の金属回収方法において、
前記回収工程が、前記シアニディウム類由来物を用いた吸着により金イオンを回収するものであり、
前記ポルフィリンの還元作用による金イオンの還元工程を含むこと
を特徴とする金属回収方法。 - シアニディウム類の死細胞、細胞表層、もしくは、当該細胞表層を模して作製された人工物、であるシアニディウム類由来物に回収された、金またはパラジウムを含む貴金属を溶出させる金属溶出方法であって、
酸性溶液である金属溶出用組成物を、前記シアニディウム類由来物に添加する工程を含むことを特徴とする金属溶出方法。 - シアニディウム類の死細胞、細胞表層、もしくは、当該細胞表層を模して作製された人工物、であるシアニディウム類由来物に回収された金属を溶出させる金属溶出方法であって、
アンモニアとアンモニウム塩の混合液を含む金属溶出用組成物を、前記シアニディウム類由来物に添加する工程を含むことを特徴とする金属溶出方法。
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