WO2017094898A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017094898A1 WO2017094898A1 PCT/JP2016/085953 JP2016085953W WO2017094898A1 WO 2017094898 A1 WO2017094898 A1 WO 2017094898A1 JP 2016085953 W JP2016085953 W JP 2016085953W WO 2017094898 A1 WO2017094898 A1 WO 2017094898A1
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- liquid crystal
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- aligning agent
- crystal aligning
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- 0 C*(*)C(*(*)C(N(*)*)=O)=O Chemical compound C*(*)C(*(*)C(N(*)*)=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- KNLFZJBLNQRLEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)(C)c1ccc(C(C)(C)CC)cc1 Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)c1ccc(C(C)(C)CC)cc1 KNLFZJBLNQRLEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVZPNCTYVVZPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)(CC)c1ccc(C(C)(CC)CC)cc1 Chemical compound CCC(C)(CC)c1ccc(C(C)(CC)CC)cc1 CVZPNCTYVVZPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVSGYZZGVEXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)c1ccc(C(C)CC)cc1 Chemical compound CCC(C)c1ccc(C(C)CC)cc1 BMVSGYZZGVEXTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYVKZLLOEWHIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)c1ccc(C)c(C)c1 Chemical compound CCC(C)c1ccc(C)c(C)c1 MYVKZLLOEWHIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBAMTXJBZXCUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(CC)c1ccc(C(CC)CC)cc1 Chemical compound CCC(CC)c1ccc(C(CC)CC)cc1 HBAMTXJBZXCUOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSTAOWNYNUTGOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1C(C)C(C)CC1C Chemical compound CCC1C(C)C(C)CC1C VSTAOWNYNUTGOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIVSMAVOIHANGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1c(C)cc(C)c(CC)c1 Chemical compound CCc1c(C)cc(C)c(CC)c1 OIVSMAVOIHANGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJFFTZKKTDDFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCc1cc(C)c(CC)cc1C Chemical compound CCc1cc(C)c(CC)cc1C PJFFTZKKTDDFSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSIACQWHDVUCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(c(C)c1)ccc1S(c1cc(C)c(C)cc1)(=O)=O Chemical compound Cc(c(C)c1)ccc1S(c1cc(C)c(C)cc1)(=O)=O ZSIACQWHDVUCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLFKFHJEFMLTOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)cc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2cc(C)c(C)cc2)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)cc(C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)c2cc(C)c(C)cc2)cc1 GLFKFHJEFMLTOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKKXOSWSGVSXAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(c(cc(C(OCC(CO1)OC1=O)=O)c(C(OCC(CO1)OC1=O)=O)c1)c1C(OCC(CO1)OC1=O)=O)OCC(CO1)OC1=O Chemical compound O=C(c(cc(C(OCC(CO1)OC1=O)=O)c(C(OCC(CO1)OC1=O)=O)c1)c1C(OCC(CO1)OC1=O)=O)OCC(CO1)OC1=O FKKXOSWSGVSXAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OCCN(CCO)C(CCCCC(N(CCO)CCO)=O)=O Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)C(CCCCC(N(CCO)CCO)=O)=O OKRNLSUTBJUVKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1035—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diisocyanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display device using the same.
- Liquid crystal display elements used for liquid crystal televisions, liquid crystal displays, and the like are usually provided with a liquid crystal alignment film for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystals.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a film for controlling the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in a certain direction in a liquid crystal display element, a retardation plate using a polymerizable liquid crystal, or the like.
- a liquid crystal display element has a structure in which liquid crystal molecules forming a liquid crystal layer are sandwiched between liquid crystal alignment films formed on the surfaces of a pair of substrates.
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction with a pretilt angle by the liquid crystal alignment film, and respond by applying a voltage to the electrode provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal display element displays a desired image by utilizing the orientation change due to the response of the liquid crystal molecules.
- liquid crystal alignment film a polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying a liquid crystal alignment agent mainly composed of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (polyamic acid) or a solution of soluble polyimide to a glass substrate or the like and baking it is mainly used. It is used.
- a liquid crystal alignment agent mainly composed of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (polyamic acid) or a solution of soluble polyimide
- a high voltage holding ratio a small residual charge when a DC voltage is applied, and / or Alternatively, characteristics such as quick relaxation of the accumulated residual charge due to the DC voltage are important, but in recent years, a material having a high voltage holding ratio is particularly required for power saving of the liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent using a polyamic acid ester as a polymer component constituting the liquid crystal aligning agent does not cause a decrease in molecular weight due to heat treatment when imidizing the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is reported that the liquid crystal is superior in alignment stability and voltage holding characteristics (see Patent Document 3).
- a liquid crystal aligning agent obtained by adding various crosslinking agents to polyamic acid when used, a liquid crystal display element having excellent voltage holding characteristics can be obtained, but the liquid crystal aligning property may be impaired.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent using a polyamic acid ester can provide a liquid crystal display element having excellent voltage holding characteristics as compared with a liquid crystal aligning agent using a polyamic acid. Although the improvement of the voltage holding characteristic was expected, the effect was not obtained contrary to expectation.
- An object of this invention is to provide the liquid crystal aligning agent from which the liquid crystal aligning film which has favorable liquid crystal aligning property, a voltage holding ratio (Voltage Holding Ratio: Hereinafter, also called VHR), and aging tolerance is obtained.
- VHR Voltage Holding Ratio
- the inventor of the present invention uses a copolymer of a polyamic acid ester and a polyamic acid (hereinafter also referred to as a PAE-PAA copolymer) and a cross-linking agent having a specific structure in combination.
- a copolymer of a polyamic acid ester and a polyamic acid hereinafter also referred to as a PAE-PAA copolymer
- a cross-linking agent having a specific structure in combination.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising the following component (A) and component (B):
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently a tetravalent organic group
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a divalent organic group.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is possible to form a liquid crystal aligning film having characteristics such as good liquid crystal aligning property, voltage holding ratio, and aging resistance. This seems to be due to the fact that in the liquid crystal alignment film formed from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, fine irregularities on the surface can be reduced.
- PAE-PAA copolymer used in the present invention is a polyimide precursor for obtaining a polyimide, and is a polymer having a site capable of undergoing an imidation reaction shown below by heating.
- the PAE-PAA copolymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2).
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group from the viewpoint of easy application to a glass substrate.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Or an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a t-butyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a bicyclohexyl group.
- alkenyl groups include those in which one or more CH—CH structures present in an alkyl group are replaced with C ⁇ C structures, and specifically include vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1-propenyl groups, isopropenyl groups.
- Alkynyl groups include those in which one or more CH 2 —CH 2 structures present in an alkyl group are replaced with C ⁇ C structures, and specifically include ethynyl groups, 1-propynyl groups, 2-propynyl groups. Etc.
- the above alkyl group, alkenyl group, and alkynyl group may have a substituent, and may further form a ring structure with the substituent.
- the formation of a ring structure by a substituent means that the substituents or a substituent and a part of the mother skeleton are bonded to form a ring structure.
- this substituent include halogen groups, hydroxyl groups, thiol groups, nitro groups, aryl groups, organooxy groups, organothio groups, organosilyl groups, acyl groups, ester groups, thioester groups, phosphate ester groups, amide groups, Examples thereof include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an alkynyl group.
- halogen group examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- a phenyl group is mentioned as an aryl group which is a substituent. This aryl group may be further substituted with the other substituent described above.
- the organooxy group which is a substituent can have a structure represented by OR.
- the R may be the same or different, and examples thereof include the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, and aryl group described above. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- organooxy group examples include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group, butoxy group, pentyloxy group, hexyloxy group, heptyloxy group, octyloxy group and the like.
- organothio group which is a substituent
- R examples include the aforementioned alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group and the like. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- Specific examples of the organothio group include a methylthio group, an ethylthio group, a propylthio group, a butylthio group, a pentylthio group, a hexylthio group, a heptylthio group, and an octylthio group.
- the organosilyl group as a substituent can have a structure represented by —Si— (R) 3 .
- the R may be the same or different, and examples thereof include the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group described above. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- Specific examples of the organosilyl group include a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, a tripropylsilyl group, a tributylsilyl group, a tripentylsilyl group, a trihexylsilyl group, a pentyldimethylsilyl group, and a hexyldimethylsilyl group.
- the acyl group as a substituent can have a structure represented by —C (O) —R.
- R include the alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and aryl groups described above. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- Specific examples of the acyl group include formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group, valeryl group, isovaleryl group, benzoyl group and the like.
- As the ester group which is a substituent a structure represented by —C (O) O—R or OC (O) —R can be shown. Examples of R include the aforementioned alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group and the like. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- thioester group As the thioester group as a substituent, a structure represented by —C (S) O—R or OC (S) —R can be shown.
- R examples include the aforementioned alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, and the like. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- the phosphate group which is a substituent can have a structure represented by —OP (O) — (OR) 2 .
- the R may be the same or different, and examples thereof include the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group described above. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- the amide group as a substituent includes —C (O) NH 2 , —C (O) NHR, —NHC (O) R, —C (O) N (R) 2 , or —NRC (O) R.
- the structure represented can be shown.
- the R may be the same or different, and examples thereof include the alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, and aryl group described above. These Rs may be further substituted with the substituent described above.
- Examples of the aryl group as a substituent include the same aryl groups as described above. This aryl group may be further substituted with the other substituent described above.
- alkyl group as a substituent examples include the same alkyl groups as described above. This alkyl group may be further substituted with the other substituent described above.
- alkenyl group as a substituent examples include the same alkenyl groups as described above. This alkenyl group may be further substituted with the other substituent described above.
- alkynyl group that is a substituent examples include the same alkynyl groups as described above. This alkynyl group may be further substituted with the other substituent described above.
- a 1 and A 2 in general, when a bulky structure is introduced, there is a possibility that the reactivity of the amino group and the liquid crystal orientation may be lowered. Therefore, the number of carbon atoms that may have a hydrogen atom or a substituent 1 to 5 alkyl groups are more preferable, and a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group is particularly preferable.
- X 1 and X 2 are not particularly limited as long as they are tetravalent organic groups, and two or more types may be mixed. Specific examples of X 1 and X 2 include the following X-1 to X-47.
- both X 1 and X 2 are X-1, X-2, X-3, X-4, X-5, X-6.
- X-8, X-16, X-19, X-21, X-25, X-26, X-27, X-28, X-32 or X-47 are preferred.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are divalent organic groups and are not particularly limited. Y 1 and Y 2 may be the same or different. Specific examples of Y 1 and Y 2 include the following Y-1 to Y-99.
- Y-7, Y-8, Y-20, Y-21, Y-22, Y-28, Y-29, Y-30, Y-31, Y- 41, Y-43, Y-64, Y-65, Y-66, Y-68, Y-71, Y-72, Y-98 or Y-99 are preferred, Y-22, Y-28, Y- 30, Y-31, Y-72, Y-98, Y-99, Y-100, Y-101, Y-102, Y-103 or Y-104 are more preferred.
- the (containing) ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (1) is preferably 50 to 95 mol%, more preferably 70 to 90 mol%, based on all structural units.
- the (containing) ratio of the structural unit represented by the formula (2) is preferably 5 to 50 mol%, more preferably 10 to 30 mol%, based on the total structural units. preferable.
- the PAE-PAA copolymer of the present invention is produced by the following method.
- a tetracarboxylic acid diester that forms X 1 and a diamine that forms Y 1 and Y 2 in the above (1) and formula (2) are combined with a condensing agent, a base, And a polycondensation reaction at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours in the presence of an organic solvent, and then for the purpose of neutralizing the base.
- Diphenyl acid is added, tetracarboxylic acid or dianhydride thereof forming X 2 in the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) is added, and the temperature is 0 ° C. to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours. It is preferably produced by further reaction for 1 to 12 hours.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It may be used.
- the concentration of the polymer is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight body is easily obtained.
- condensing agent examples include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazide.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like.
- the addition amount of the condensing agent is preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times mol with respect to the diamine component from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the PAE-PAA copolymer obtained as described above can be recovered by precipitating the polymer by pouring into the poor solvent while thoroughly stirring the reaction solution. Further, the PAE-PAA copolymer powder purified by performing precipitation several times, washing with a poor solvent, and then drying at room temperature or by heating can be obtained.
- a poor solvent is not specifically limited, Water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene etc. are mentioned.
- the weight average molecular weight of the PAE-PAA copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 305,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 210,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 5,000 to 152,500, and more preferably 10,000 to 105,000.
- the component (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a compound containing two or more crosslinkable functional groups.
- the crosslinkable functional group include at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkylamide group, a (meth) acrylate group, a blocked isocyanate group, an oxetane group, and an epoxy group, but are not limited thereto. is not.
- a hydroxyl group, a blocked isocyanate group, or an epoxy group is preferable, and a hydroxyl group or an epoxy group is more preferable.
- the compound of the component (B) may have two or more same crosslinkable functional groups in the structure, and may have two or more different crosslinkable functional groups.
- Examples of the compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups include compounds represented by the following formula (3).
- X 3 is an n-valent organic group containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms is preferable.
- R 2 and R 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the at least one of R 2 and R 3 are those represented by the following formula (4), which neither of R 2 and R 3 are represented by the following formula (4) is preferable.
- n is an integer of 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2.
- R 4 to R 7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, or a hydrocarbon group substituted with a hydroxy group, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- X 3 is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment and solubility, and more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, as described above.
- n represents an integer of 2 to 6, and n is preferably 2 to 4 from the viewpoint of solubility.
- Specific examples of the compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups include the following compounds.
- Examples of the compound containing two or more blocked isocyanate groups include compounds represented by the following formula (5).
- each Z is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, or an organic group represented by the following formula (6), and at least one of Z is represented by the following formula (6) ).
- Examples of the compound containing two or more blocked isocyanate groups other than the above formula (7) include the following compounds.
- Specific examples of the compound containing two or more epoxy groups include the following compounds.
- Specific examples of the compound containing two or more (meth) acrylate groups include the following compounds.
- the compound having two or more crosslinkable functionalities include the following compounds.
- the compound of component (B) is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 3 to 15% by weight, based on component (A) in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is in the form of a solution in which the above PAE-PAA copolymer and a compound containing two or more crosslinkable functional groups are dissolved in an organic solvent.
- the resulting reaction solution itself may be used, or the reaction solution may be diluted with an appropriate solvent.
- each component when each component is obtained as a powder, it may be dissolved in an organic solvent to form a solution.
- the content (concentration) of the polymer component including the PAE-PAA copolymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the thickness of the polyimide film to be formed, but it is uniform and has no defect.
- the content of the polymer component with respect to the organic solvent is preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and preferably 15% by mass or less from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, more preferably, 1 to 10% by mass.
- a concentrated solution of the polymer may be prepared in advance and diluted when the liquid crystal aligning agent is used from the concentrated solution.
- the concentration of the concentrated solution of the polymer component is preferably 10 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 15% by mass.
- the polymer component powder may be heated when dissolved in an organic solvent to prepare a solution.
- the heating temperature is preferably 20 to 150 ° C, particularly preferably 20 to 80 ° C.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, Examples include 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and the like.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a solvent for improving the uniformity of the coating film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the substrate in addition to the organic solvent for dissolving the polymer component.
- a solvent for improving the uniformity of the coating film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to the substrate in addition to the organic solvent for dissolving the polymer component.
- a solvent having a surface tension lower than that of the organic solvent is generally used.
- ethyl cellosolve examples thereof include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, 1- Butoxy-2-propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether-2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-monoethyl ether-2-acetate, di Propylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxypropoxy) propanol, lactate methyl ester, lactate ethyl ester, lactate n-propyl ester, lactate n-butyl ester, lactic acid Isoamyl ester, and the like. Two types of these
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain various additives such as a compound that improves film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, a silane coupling agent, and a crosslinking agent. Good.
- compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants.
- Ftop (trade name of Tochem Products, EF301, EF303, EF352)
- Megafuck (tradename of Dainippon Ink, F171, F173, R-30, Florard (tradename of Sumitomo 3M) FC430, FC431, Asahi Guard (trade name, Asahi Glass Company, AG710, Surflon (trade name, Asahi Glass Company, S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106, etc.).
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the silane coupling agent is added for the purpose of improving the adhesion between the substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied and the liquid crystal alignment film formed thereon.
- various silane coupling agents are mentioned as a specific example, it is not limited to these.
- 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane 3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-phenylaminopropyltri Amines such as methoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N- (1,3-dimethyl-butylidene) propylamine, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane; vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris (2- Methoxyethoxy) silane, vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, vinyltriisopropoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, p-styryltrimethoxysilane, and other vinyl systems; 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy Epoxy such as silane,
- an imidization accelerator may be added to the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention in order to efficiently advance the imidation of the PAE-PAA copolymer or polyamic acid ester when the coating film is baked.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention to a substrate, drying it as necessary, and then baking it.
- the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used in addition to a glass substrate.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used.
- a material that reflects light such as aluminum may be used for the electrode. it can.
- Examples of the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention on a substrate include screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, and an ink jet method.
- Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, or a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the coating film is usually dried at 50 to 120 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes in order to sufficiently remove the contained organic solvent, and then baked at 150 to 300 ° C. for 5 to 120 minutes.
- the thickness of the coating film after baking is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, and therefore it is 5 to 300 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- Examples of a method for aligning the obtained liquid crystal alignment film include a rubbing method and a photo-alignment processing method.
- An existing rubbing apparatus can be used for rubbing the coating surface formed on the substrate.
- Examples of the material of the rubbing cloth at this time include cotton, rayon, and nylon.
- As conditions for the rubbing treatment generally, the conditions of a rotational speed of 300 to 2000 rpm, a feed speed of 5 to 100 mm / s, and a pushing amount of 0.1 to 1.0 mm are used. Thereafter, the residue generated by rubbing is removed by ultrasonic cleaning using pure water or alcohol.
- Examples of the photo-alignment treatment method include a method in which the surface of the coating film is irradiated with radiation deflected in a certain direction, and in some cases, a heat treatment is further performed at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. to impart liquid crystal alignment ability.
- the radiation ultraviolet rays and visible rays having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm can be used. Of these, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 to 400 nm are preferable, and those having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm are particularly preferable.
- radiation may be irradiated while heating the coated substrate at 50 to 250 ° C. Dose of the radiation is preferably 1 ⁇ 10,000mJ / cm 2, particularly preferably 100 ⁇ 5,000mJ / cm 2.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the method described above, and then preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- An example of a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display element is as follows. First, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and they are preferably sandwiched between spacers of 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m, and the rubbing direction is an arbitrary angle of 0 ° to 270 °. Install it so that the surrounding area is fixed with a sealant. Next, liquid crystal is injected between the substrates and sealed.
- the method for enclosing the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method in which liquid crystal is injected after reducing the pressure inside the manufactured liquid crystal cell, and a dropping method in which sealing is performed after dropping the liquid crystal.
- the molecular weight of the polymer is measured by a GPC (normal temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (hereinafter also referred to as Mw) as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide converted values. Calculated.
- Mn number average molecular weight
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran) (THF) 10ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for preparing calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polymer laboratory Polyethylene glycol manufactured by the company (peak top molecular weight (Mp) of about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000). In order to avoid the overlapping of peaks, the measurement was performed by mixing four types of 900,000, 100,000, 12,000, and 1,000
- the polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer resin powder (PWD-1) obtained above was dissolved in GBL to obtain a polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer solution (Copolymer-1) having a solid content concentration of 12% by mass.
- the obtained polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer solution was poured into 2000 ml of isopropanol while stirring, and the white precipitate thus deposited was collected by filtration, and then washed using 407.83 ml of methanol in four portions and dried.
- white polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer resin powder (PWD-2) was obtained.
- the polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer resin powder (PWD-2) obtained above was dissolved in NMP to obtain a polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer solution (Copolymer-2) having a solid content concentration of 12% by mass.
- Example 1 Into a 20 ml sample tube containing a stir bar, 5.50 g of the polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer solution (Copolymer-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was taken, and an NMP (10% by mass dilution) solution of AD-A was added to 0 ml. 0.58 g of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane solution diluted to 1.0% by mass with NMP and 1.70 g of NMP were added. Thereafter, 2.00 g of BCS was added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1). The viscosity of A-1 was 35 mPa ⁇ S. Even when the liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1) was stored at ⁇ 20 ° C. for 1 week, no solid precipitate was observed, and the solution was uniform.
- NMP 10% by mass dilution
- Example 2 Into a 20 ml sample tube containing a stir bar, 7.50 g of the polyamic acid ester-polyamic acid copolymer solution (Copolymer-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 was taken, and an NMP (10% by mass dilution) solution of AD-A was added to 0 ml. 0.95 g of 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane solution diluted to 1.0% by mass with NMP and 3.12 g of NMP were added. Thereafter, 3.00 g of BCS was added and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-2). The viscosity of A-2 was 37 mPa ⁇ S. When the liquid crystal aligning agent A-2 was stored at ⁇ 20 ° C. for 1 week, precipitation of solid matter was not observed, and the solution was uniform.
- Example 3 The liquid crystal aligning agent (A-1) obtained in Example 1 was filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, and dried on a hot plate at a temperature of 80 ° C. for 5 minutes. It was. Thereafter, the film was baked for 10 minutes in a hot air circulating oven at a temperature of 230 ° C. to obtain an imidized film having a film thickness of 100 nm. The fired film was irradiated with 250 mJ / cm 2 of 254 nm ultraviolet light through a polarizing plate. Thereby, a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film was obtained.
- liquid crystal cell In order to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the liquid crystal cell, two substrates with the above-mentioned liquid crystal alignment film were prepared, and a 6 ⁇ m spacer was dispersed on the one liquid crystal alignment film. A sealant was printed from above, and another substrate was bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faced and the photoalignment direction was orthogonal, and then the sealant was cured to produce an empty cell. Liquid crystal ML-7026-100 (manufactured by Merck Japan) was injected into this empty cell by vacuum injection, and the inlet was sealed to obtain an IPS liquid crystal cell. When this liquid crystal cell was heat-treated at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes and then cooled to room temperature and the cell was observed, the orientation was good.
- Example 3 The same evaluation as in Example 3 was performed using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention obtained in Comparative Example 1. The results are listed in Table 1 below.
- Comparative Example 4 The same evaluation as in Example 3 was performed using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention obtained in Comparative Example 1. However, light irradiation was performed by irradiating UV light of 254 nm with 500 mJ / cm 2 through a polarizing plate.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention not only improves liquid crystal alignment, but also improves electrical characteristics such as voltage holding ratio and DC voltage residual. As a result, the present invention is widely useful for TN elements, STN elements, TFT liquid crystal elements, and vertical alignment type liquid crystal display elements.
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Abstract
Description
液晶表示素子の高機能化に伴い、液晶配向膜においては、優れた液晶配向性や安定したプレチルト角の発現に加えて、高い電圧保持率、直流電圧を印加した際の少ない残留電荷、及び/又は直流電圧による蓄積した残留電荷の早い緩和といった特性が重要であるが、近年では液晶表示素子の省電力化に向け、高い電圧保持率の材料がとりわけ求められている。
また、ポリアミック酸エステルを用いた液晶配向剤は、上述の通り、ポリアミック酸を用いた液晶配向剤と比較して電圧保持特性に優れる液晶表示素子が得られるため、これに架橋剤を加えると更なる電圧保持特性の向上が見込まれたが、予想に反してその効果は得られなかった。
本発明は、良好な液晶配向性、電圧保持率(Voltage Holding Ratio:以下、VHRともいう)、及びエージング耐性を兼ね備えた液晶配向膜が得られる液晶配向剤を提供することを目的とする。
すなわち本発明は、上記の知見に基づくものであり、下記を要旨とするものである。
本発明に用いられるPAE-PAA共重合体は、ポリイミドを得るためのポリイミド前駆体であり、加熱することによって下記に示すイミド化反応が可能な部位を有するポリマーである。
上記式(1)及び(2)において、A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、又は置換基を有してもよい、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、若しくは炭素数2~10のアルキニル基である。上記アルキル基の具体例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、t-ブチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、デシル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、ビシクロヘキシル基などが挙げられる。アルケニル基としては、アルキル基に存在する1つ以上のCH-CH構造を、C=C構造に置き換えたものが挙げられ、具体的には、ビニル基、アリル基、1-プロペニル基、イソプロペニル基、2-ブテニル基、1,3-ブタジエニル基、2-ペンテニル基、2-ヘキセニル基、シクロプロペニル基、シクロペンテニル基、シクロヘキセニル基などが挙げられる。アルキニル基としては、アルキル基に存在する1つ以上のCH2-CH2構造をC≡C構造に置き換えたものが挙げられ、具体的には、エチニル基、1-プロピニル基、2-プロピニル基等が挙げられる。
この置換基の例としては、ハロゲン基、水酸基、チオール基、ニトロ基、アリール基、オルガノオキシ基、オルガノチオ基、オルガノシリル基、アシル基、エステル基、チオエステル基、リン酸エステル基、アミド基、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基等を挙げることができる。
置換基であるアリール基としては、フェニル基が挙げられる。このアリール基には前述した他の置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。
置換基であるオルガノオキシ基としては、O-Rで表される構造を示すことができる。このRは同一でも異なってもよく、前述したアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基などを例示することができる。これらのRには前述した置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。オルガノオキシ基の具体例としては、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロピルオキシ基、ブトキシ基、ペンチルオキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基、ヘプチルオキシ基、オクチルオキシ基等が挙げられる。
置換基であるエステル基としては、-C(O)O-R、又はOC(O)-Rで表される構造を示すことができる。このRとしては、前述したアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基等を例示することができる。これらのRには前述した置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。
置換基であるリン酸エステル基としては、-OP(O)-(OR)2で表される構造を示すことができる。このRは同一でも異なってもよく、前述したアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基等を例示することができる。これらのRには前述した置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。
置換基であるアリール基としては、前述したアリール基と同じものを挙げることができる。このアリール基には前述した他の置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。
置換基であるアルケニル基としては、前述したアルケニル基と同じものを挙げることができる。このアルケニル基には前述した他の置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。
置換基であるアルキニル基としては、前述したアルキニル基と同じものを挙げることができる。このアルキニル基には前述した他の置換基がさらに置換していてもよい。
上記式(1)及び式(2)において、X1及びX2は、4価の有機基であれば、その構造は特に限定されるものではなく、2種類以上が混在していてもよい。X1及びX2の具体例を示すならば、以下に示すX-1~X-47が挙げられる。なかでも、モノマーの入手性及び光照射感度ならびにラビング耐性強度等の観点から、X1、X2ともに、X-1、X-2、X-3、X-4、X-5、X-6、X-8、X-16、X-19、X-21、X-25、X-26、X-27、X-28、X-32又はX-47が好ましい。
Y1及びY2の具体例を示すと、下記のY-1~Y-99が挙げられる。なかでも、モノマーの入手容易性の点から、Y-7、Y-8、Y-20、Y-21、Y-22、Y-28、Y-29、Y-30、Y-31、Y-41、Y-43、Y-64、Y-65、Y-66、Y-68、Y-71、Y-72、Y-98又はY-99が好ましく、Y-22、Y-28、Y-30、Y-31、Y-72、Y-98、Y-99、Y-100、Y-101、Y-102、Y-103又はY-104がより好ましい。
本発明のPAE-PAA共重合体は、以下の方法により製造される。
上記式(1)で表される構造単位においてX1を形成するテトラカルボン酸ジエステルと、上記(1)及び式(2)においてY1及びY2を形成するジアミンとを、縮合剤、塩基、及び有機溶媒の存在下で-20℃~150℃、好ましくは0℃~50℃において、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~12時間重縮合反応させた後、塩基を中和する目的でリン酸ジフェニルを添加し、上記式(2)で表される構造単位においてX2を形成するテトラカルボン酸若しくはその二無水物を添加し、0℃~50℃の温度下で、30分~24時間、好ましくは1~12時間さらに反応させることによって製造される。
上記のようにして得られたPAE-PAA共重合体は、反応溶液をよく撹拌させながら貧溶媒に注入することで、ポリマーを析出させて回収することができる。また、析出を数回行い、貧溶媒で洗浄後、常温あるいは加熱乾燥することで精製されたPAE-PAA共重合体の粉末を得ることができる。貧溶媒は、特に限定されないが、水、メタノール、エタノール、ヘキサン、ブチルセロソルブ、アセトン、トルエン等が挙げられる。
PAE-PAA共重合体の重量平均分子量は、好ましくは10,000~305,000であり、より好ましくは、10,000~210,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、5,000~152,500であり、より好ましくは、10,000~105,000である。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される成分(B)は、架橋性官能基を2つ以上含有する化合物である。
架橋性官能基としては、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキルアミド基、(メタ)アクリレート基、ブロックイソシアネート基、オキセタン基、及びエポキシ基から群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
なお、成分(B)の化合物は、その構造中に同じ架橋性官能基を2つ以上有していても良いし、異なる2種以上の架橋性官能基を2つ以上有していても良い。
ヒドロキシル基を2つ以上含有する化合物としては、例えば、下記式(3)で示される化合物が挙げられる。
X3は、脂肪族炭化水素基であることが、上記と同じく液晶配向性及び溶解性の観点から好ましく、炭素数1~10ことがより好ましい。nは2~6の整数を表すが、溶解性の観点からnは2~4が好ましい。
ヒドロキシル基を2つ以上含有する化合物としては、具体的には以下の化合物が例示される。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記のPAE-PAA共重合体、及び架橋性官能基を2つ以上含有する化合物が有機溶媒中に溶解した溶液の形態である。各成分を有機溶媒中で合成した場合には、得られる反応溶液そのものであってもよく、また、この反応溶液を適宜の溶媒で希釈したものであってもよい。また、各成分を粉末として得た場合は、これを有機溶媒に溶解させて溶液としたものであってもよい。
この場合、予め、ポリマーの濃厚溶液を作製し、かかる濃厚溶液から液晶配向剤とする場合に希釈してもよい。かかるポリマー成分の濃厚溶液の濃度は10~30質量%が好ましく、10~15質量%がより好ましい。また、ポリマー成分の粉末を有機溶媒に溶解して溶液を作製する際に加熱してもよい。加熱温度は、20~150℃が好ましく、20~80℃が特に好ましい。
膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ノ二オン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、液晶配向剤に含有される樹脂成分の100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01~1質量部である。
3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-(2-アミノエチル)アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-(2-アミノエチル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-フェニルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-トリエトキシシリル-N-(1,3-ジメチル-ブチリデン)プロピルアミン、3-アミノプロピルジエトキシメチルシランなどのアミン系;ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(2-メトキシエトキシ)シラン、ビニルメチルジメトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、ビニルトリイソプロポキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、p-スチリルトリメトキシシランなどのビニル系;3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランなどのエポキシ系;3-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリエトキシシランなどのメタクリル系;3-アクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシランなどのアクリル系;3-ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシランなどのウレイド系;ビス(3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピル)ジスルフィド、ビス(3-(トリエトキシシリル)プロピル)テトラスルフィドなどのスルフィド系;3-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-オクタノイルチオ-1-プロピルトリエトキシシランなどのメルカプト系;3-イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-イソシアネートプロピルトリメトキシシランなどのイソシアネート系;トリエトキシシリルブチルアルデヒドなどのアルデヒド系;トリエトキシシリルプロピルメチルカルバメート、(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)-t-ブチルカルバメートなどのカルバメート系。
本発明の液晶配向膜には、塗膜を焼成する際にPAE-PAA共重合体又はポリアミック酸エステルのイミド化を効率よく進行させるために、イミド化促進剤を添加してもよい。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、本発明の液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、必要に応じて乾燥した後、焼成して得られる膜である。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布する基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、例えば、ガラス基板の他、アクリル基板やポリカーボネート基板等のプラスチック基板を用いることができる。液晶表示素子の製造において本発明の液晶配向剤を用いる場合、液晶駆動のためのITO(Indium Tin Oxide)電極等が形成された基板を用い、液晶配向膜を形成することが好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子を製造する場合は、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハ等の不透明な基板でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミニウム等の光を反射する材料を使用することもできる。
塗布膜は、通常、含有される有機溶媒を十分に除去するために50~120℃で1~10分乾燥させ、その後150~300℃で5分~120分焼成される。焼成後の塗膜の厚みは、特に限定されないが、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nm、好ましくは10~200nmである。
基板上に形成された塗膜面のラビング処理は、既存のラビング装置を使用することができる。この際のラビング布の材質としては、コットン、レーヨン、ナイロン等が挙げられる。ラビング処理の条件としては、一般的に、回転速度300~2000rpm、送り速度5~100mm/s、押し込み量0.1~1.0mmという条件が用いられる。その後、純水やアルコールなどを用いて超音波洗浄によりラビングにより生じた残渣が除去される。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記した手法により本発明の液晶配向剤から液晶配向膜付き基板を得た後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製し、液晶表示素子としたものである。
液晶表示素子の作製方法の一例は、以下の通りである。まず、液晶配向膜の形成された1対の基板を用意し、それらを、好ましくは1~30μm、より好ましくは2~10μmのスペーサーを挟んで、ラビング方向が0°~270°の任意の角度となるように設置して周囲をシール剤で固定する。次いで、基板間に液晶を注入して封止する。液晶封入の方法については特に制限されず、作製した液晶セル内を減圧にした後に液晶を注入する真空法、液晶を滴下した後に封止を行う滴下法等が例示できる。
<モノマー>
1,3DMCBDE-Cl:ジメチル1,3-ビス(クロロカルボニル)-1,3-ジメチルシクロブタンー2,4-ジカルボキシレート
1,3DMCBDA:1,3-ジメチル1,2,3,4シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
PMDE-me:2,5-ビス(メトキシカルボニル)ベンゼン-1,4ジカルボン酸
CBDE:2,4-ビス(メトキシカルボニル)シクロブタン1,3-ジカルボン酸
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
DADPA:4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルアミン
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
DBOP:ジフェニル(2,3―ジヒドロ―2―チオキソ―3-ベンゾオキサゾリル)ホスホナート
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
<粘度>
重合体溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
重合体の分子量はGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量(以下、Mnとも言う。)と重量平均分子量(以下、Mwとも言う。)を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製(GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製(KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)を30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)を30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)を10ml/L含有する)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(重量平均分子量(Mw) 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(ピークトップ分子量(Mp)約12,000、4,000、1,000)。測定は、ピークが重なるのを避けるため、900,000、100,000、12,000、1,000の4種類を混合したサンプル、及び150,000、30,000、4,000の3種類を混合したサンプルの2サンプルを別々に測定した。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの2Lの四つ口フラスコに、p-PDAを1.30g(12.02mmol)及びDA-Aを1.76g(7.21mmol)、DA-Bを1.64g(4.81mmol)取り、NMPを46.10gとGBLを106.9g及びピリジン3.58g(0.44mol)を加えて、溶解させた。次に、この溶液を撹拌しながら1,3DMCBDAを1.07g(4.81mmol)を添加し、水冷下で5時間反応させた。これにより得られた溶液に対し、1,3DMCBDE-Clを6.02g(18.5mmol)を添加し、水冷下でさらに14時間反応させた。
上記で得られたポリアミド酸エステルーポリアミド酸コポリマー樹脂粉末(PWD-1)をGBLに溶解させ、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミド酸エステル-ポリアミド酸コポリマー溶液(Copolymer-1)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、CBDEを8.40g(3.23mmol)及びDA-Aを5.57g(2.28mmol)、DADPAを3.03g(1.52mmol)取り、NMPを106.57g及びトリエチルアミン6.92g(6.84mmol)を加えて、溶解させた。次に、この溶液を撹拌しながらDBOPを24.77g(6.46mmol)添加し、水冷下で5時間反応させた。この後、さらに溶液を撹拌しながら、リン酸ジフェニルを1.90g(0.76mmol)、PMDAを1.08g(0.49mmol)、NMPを22.84g追加し、水冷下でさらに5時間反応させた。
上記で得られたポリアミド酸エステルーポリアミド酸コポリマー樹脂粉末(PWD-2)をNMPに溶解させ、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミド酸エステル-ポリアミド酸コポリマー溶液(Copolymer-2)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの2Lの四つ口フラスコに、p-PDAを10.00g(92.4mmol)及びDA-Aを13.60g(55.5mmol)、DA-Bを12.60g(37.0mmol)取り、NMPを379.00gとGBLを1023.00g及びピリジン34.60g(0.43mol)を加えて、溶解させた。次に、この溶液を撹拌しながら1,3DMCBDE-Clを58.30g(179.4mmol)を添加し、水冷下で14時間反応させた。
上記で得られたポリアミド酸エステル樹脂粉末(PWD-3)をGBLに溶解させ、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を得た。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの15Lの四つ口フラスコに、p-PDAを761.05g(1.75mol)及びDA-Aを256.50g(1.05mol)、DA-Bを258.56g(0.7mol)取り、NMPを9671.41g加えて、溶解させた。次に、この溶液を撹拌しながら1,3DMCBDAを761.05g(3.39mol)を添加し、溶液の固形分濃度が12%になるようにNMPで希釈した。この溶液を水冷下で14時間反応させ、ポリアミド酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。このポリアミド酸の分子量はMn=14,366であり、Mw=28,508であった。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル-ポリアミド酸コポリマー溶液(Copolymer-1)を5.50g取り、AD-AのNMP(10質量%希釈)溶液を0.28g、さらにNMPで1.0質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を0.55g、NMPを1.70g加えた。その後、BCSを2.00g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し、液晶配向剤(A-1)を得た。A-1の粘度は35mPa・Sであった。液晶配向剤(A-1)を-20℃で1週間保管しても固形物の析出が見られず、均一な溶液であった。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、合成例2で得られたポリアミド酸エステル-ポリアミド酸コポリマー溶液(Copolymer-2)を7.50g取り、AD-AのNMP(10質量%希釈)溶液を0.45g、さらにNMPで1.0質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を0.9g、NMPを3.12g加えた。その後、BCSを3.00g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し、液晶配向剤(A-2)を得た。A-2の粘度は37mPa・Sであった。液晶配向剤A-2を-20℃で1週間保管したところ、固形物の析出が見られず、均一な溶液であった。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、比較合成例1で得られたポリアミド酸エステル溶液(PAE-1)を7.50g取り、AD-AのNMP(10質量%希釈)溶液を0.45g、さらにNMPで1.0質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を0.90g、NMPを2.48g加えた。その後、BCSを3.00g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し、液晶配向剤(B-1)を得た。B-1の粘度は32mPa・Sであった。液晶配向剤B-1を-20℃で1週間保管したところ、固形物の析出が見られず、均一な溶液であった。
撹拌子を入れた20mlサンプル管に、比較合成例2で得られたポリアミド酸溶液(PAA-1)を8.21g取り、AD-AのNMP(10質量%希釈)溶液を0.45g、さらにNMPで1.0質量%に希釈した3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン溶液を0.90g、NMPを3.12g加えた。その後、BCSを3.00g加えてマグネチックスターラーで30分間撹拌し、液晶配向剤(B-2)を得た。B-2の粘度は35mPa・Sであった。液晶配向剤B-2を-20℃で1週間保管したところ、固形物の析出が見られず、均一な溶液であった。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A-1)を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、温度80℃のホットプレート上で5分間の乾燥させた。その後、温度230℃の熱風循環式オーブンで10分間の焼成を経て、膜厚100nmのイミド化した膜を得た。焼成膜に対して、偏光板を介した254nmの紫外線を250mJ/cm2照射を行った。これにより、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
上記液晶セルに60℃の温度下で1Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、500ms後の電圧を測定して、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。
この結果、配向剤A-1からなる配向膜1の60℃における電圧保持率は85.4%であった。
合成例2で得られた本発明の液晶配向剤を用いて、実施例3と同様の評価を行った。ただし、配向処理レーヨン布でのラビング処理(ロール径120mm、回転数1000rpm、移動速度20mm/sec、押込み長0.3mm)にて行った。この結果は後述の表1に記載する。
比較例1で得られた本発明の液晶配向剤を用いて、実施例3と同様の評価を行った。この結果は後述の表1に記載する。
(比較例4)
比較例1で得られた本発明の液晶配向剤を用いて、実施例3と同様の評価を行った。ただし、光照射は偏光板を介して、254nmの紫外線を500mJ/cm2照射して行った。
Claims (12)
- 前記成分(B)が、ヒドロキシル基、ヒドロキシアルキルアミド基、(メタ)アクリレート基、ブロックイソシアネート基、オキセタン基、及びエポキシ基から選ばれる少なくとも1種の官能基を2つ以上含有する化合物である請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記成分(A)の共重合体が、その有する全構造単位に対して、式(1)で表される構造単位を50~95モル%有し、かつ式(2)で表される構造単位を5~50モル%有する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記成分(B)の含有量が、成分(A)に対して1~30重量%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- さらに、有機溶媒を含有し、前記成分(A)及び前記成分(B)の合計含有量が、該有機溶媒に対して0.5~15質量%である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項11に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
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