WO2017086180A1 - 固体撮像素子、製造方法、および電子機器 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子、製造方法、および電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017086180A1 WO2017086180A1 PCT/JP2016/082738 JP2016082738W WO2017086180A1 WO 2017086180 A1 WO2017086180 A1 WO 2017086180A1 JP 2016082738 W JP2016082738 W JP 2016082738W WO 2017086180 A1 WO2017086180 A1 WO 2017086180A1
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- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
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- H01L27/1461—Pixel-elements with integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements characterised by the photosensitive area
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device, a manufacturing method, and an electronic device, and more particularly, to a solid-state imaging device, a manufacturing method, and an electronic device that can be further miniaturized.
- a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor is used.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- solid-state imaging devices having a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic material have been developed. For example, a single pixel is formed by stacking a photoelectric conversion layer on the light receiving surface side of a semiconductor substrate on which a photodiode is formed. The structure which receives light with a photodiode and a photoelectric converting layer is implement
- Patent Document 1 in a solid-state imaging device having a photoelectric conversion layer containing an organic material, an electrode is provided under an insulating film (SiO2 film), and a potential barrier can be controlled by voltage application by the electrode.
- SiO2 film insulating film
- Patent Document 1 in the configuration in which the electrodes are provided between the pixels, a space for providing the electrodes is required, so that a certain amount of width is required in the region where the pixels are separated. . For this reason, it has been difficult in recent years to achieve the increase in the number of pixels and the reduction in size required for solid-state imaging devices.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of such a situation, and is intended to enable further densification.
- a solid-state imaging device is arranged to separate a lower electrode provided for each pixel and the lower electrode between the pixels so that a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material is sandwiched between the upper electrode and the upper electrode. And a separation region having at least a fixed charge film having a fixed charge.
- a lower electrode provided for each pixel is formed so that a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material is sandwiched between the upper electrode and the lower electrodes are separated between the pixels. Forming an isolation region having at least a fixed charge film having a fixed charge in the arrangement.
- An electronic apparatus is configured to separate a lower electrode provided for each pixel and the lower electrode between the pixels so that a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material is sandwiched between the upper electrode and the upper electrode.
- a solid-state imaging device including at least a separation region having a fixed charge film having a fixed charge.
- the lower electrode is provided for each pixel so that a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material is sandwiched between the lower electrode and the separation region is an arrangement for separating the lower electrodes between the pixels.
- the separation region is an arrangement for separating the lower electrodes between the pixels.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration example of a first embodiment of a solid-state imaging device to which the present technology is applied.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a plurality of pixels 12 arranged on the sensor surface of the solid-state imaging device 11 at a place where three pixels 12-1 to 12-3 are arranged.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 is configured by laminating a semiconductor substrate 21, a wiring layer 22, an insulating film 23, an organic photoelectric conversion film 24, and an on-chip lens layer 25.
- the upper electrode 26 formed entirely on the on-chip lens layer 25 side, and the lower electrodes 27-1 to 27-3 formed on the insulating film 23 side for each of the pixels 12-1 to 12-3. 17-3, the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 is sandwiched.
- the pixels 12-1 to 12-3 are configured in the same manner. If it is not necessary to distinguish the pixels 12-1 to 12-3 from time to time, the pixels 12-1 to 12-3 are simply Called.
- the semiconductor substrate 21 is, for example, a wafer obtained by thinly slicing single crystal silicon, and a photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode) including a PN junction is formed for each pixel 12.
- a photoelectric conversion unit 31R that photoelectrically converts red light is formed deeper from the light receiving surface side
- a photoelectric conversion unit 31B that photoelectrically converts blue light is formed on the light receiving surface side. It is formed in the shallower side.
- an impurity region 36 serving as a charge transfer path is used to read from the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 21 charges generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 31 ⁇ / b> G that photoelectrically converts green light in the organic photoelectric conversion film 24. Is formed.
- a transfer transistor 32R, a transfer transistor 32G, and a transfer transistor 32B that transfer charges are formed for each pixel 12.
- the semiconductor substrate 21 is formed with an FD portion 33R, an FD portion 33G, and an FD portion 33B for temporarily accumulating transferred charges and converting them into a pixel signal corresponding to the potential.
- the wiring layer 22 is stacked on the surface side of the semiconductor substrate 21 and, for example, wiring for transmitting a pixel signal output from the pixel 12, wiring for transmitting a driving signal supplied to a transistor for driving the pixel 12, and the like. Is formed.
- the wiring layer 22 includes a through electrode 34R, a through electrode 34G, and a through electrode 34B that connect the FD unit 33R, the FD unit 33G, and the FD unit 33B to a gate electrode of an amplification transistor (not shown).
- the insulating film 23 is laminated on the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 21 and is, for example, a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film) having insulating properties.
- the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 21 is flattened, and adjacent lower electrodes 27 are connected to each other. Insulate between.
- An electrode 35 is formed so as to penetrate the insulating film 23, and the lower electrode 27 and the impurity region 36 are connected via the electrode 35.
- the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 is a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material and, for example, photoelectrically converts green light.
- the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 is formed over the entire surface as shown in the figure, but depends on the light received by the potential applied between the upper electrode 26 and the lower electrode 27 formed for each pixel 12. It functions as a photoelectric conversion unit 31G that outputs the charged charges for each pixel 12.
- the on-chip lens layer 25 is configured by forming a microlens 28 for each pixel 12 and condenses the irradiated light for each pixel 12.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 is configured by arranging the photoelectric conversion unit 31G, the photoelectric conversion unit 31B, and the photoelectric conversion unit 31R in the vertical direction in one pixel 12, so that one pixel 12 Green, blue, and red light can be photoelectrically converted.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 has a configuration in which an isolation region 40 is provided between the lower electrodes 27 in the insulating film 23.
- the separation region 40-1 is provided between the lower electrodes 27-1 and 17-2
- the separation region 40-2 is provided between the lower electrodes 27-2 and 17-3.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional configuration in the vicinity of the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 between the pixels 12-1 and 12-2.
- the separation region 40-1 is arranged to separate the lower electrodes 27-1 and 17-2 between the pixels 12-1 and 12-2, for example, positive or negative fixed
- a fixed charge film 41-1 having a charge is included.
- the fixed charge film 41-1 is formed so as to be embedded in a recess (see FIG. 3) formed deeper than the thickness of the lower electrodes 27-1 and 17-2.
- the afterimage can be improved by performing the potential control with the fixed charge film 41 provided in the separation region 40 so that the lower electrodes 27 are separated from each other.
- the occurrence of leaks can be suppressed.
- the solid-state imaging element 11 does not need to be provided with an electrode for potential control between the lower electrodes 27, and thus can be made finer.
- the element structure of the solid-state imaging device 11 is the hole readout method
- positive fixed charges are given to the fixed charge film 41.
- a silicon nitride film (SiN) or a silicon oxynitride film (SiON) can be used as the fixed charge film 41.
- the potential between the lower electrodes 27 is positively increased, so that the potential gradient between the lower electrodes 27 via the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 is increased on the insulating film 23.
- the afterimage can be improved by making it easier to read out the holes.
- the potential barrier between the lower electrodes 27 is increased, it becomes difficult for holes to move between the lower electrodes 27, thereby suppressing the occurrence of leakage.
- a negative fixed charge is given to the fixed charge film 41.
- a hafnium oxide film (HfO2), a zirconium dioxide film (ZrO2), an alumina film (AlO3), a titanium dioxide film (TiO2), a tantalum pentoxide film (Ta2O5), or the like is used as the fixed charge film 41.
- HfO2 hafnium oxide film
- ZrO2 zirconium dioxide film
- AlO3 alumina film
- TiO2O2O5 tantalum pentoxide film
- the potential between the lower electrodes 27 is negatively increased, so that the potential gradient between the lower electrodes 27 via the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 is increased on the insulating film 23.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 can improve afterimages because electrons are easily read out.
- the potential barrier between the lower electrodes 27 is increased, it becomes difficult for electrons to move between the lower electrodes 27, thereby suppressing the occurrence of leakage.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 can be densified while suppressing the occurrence of afterimages and leakage by separating the lower electrodes 27 by the separation region 40 formed of the fixed charge film 41. That is, if the solid-state imaging device 11 has the same size, the number of pixels can be increased, and if the number of pixels is the same, the size can be reduced.
- the electrode material is separated for each pixel 12. Then, etching for forming the lower electrode 27 is performed. At this time, the recess 51 is formed by etching until the thickness becomes lower than the thickness of the lower electrode 27-1 and the lower electrode 27-2.
- a fixed charge film 52 is formed on the entire surface of the insulating film 23 and the lower electrode 27, and the fixed charge film 52 is embedded in the recess 51.
- silicon nitride (SiN) or silicon nitride oxide (SiON) is used, for example, by atomic layer deposition (ALD) method or chemical vapor deposition (CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the solid-state imaging device 11 in which the fixed charge film 41 is formed by the process as described above and the separation region 40 is provided so as to separate the lower electrodes 27 can be manufactured.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration example of the second embodiment of the solid-state imaging device to which the present technology is applied. 4 shows an enlarged cross-sectional configuration in the vicinity of the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 between the pixels 12-1 and 12-2, as in FIG. 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 ⁇ / b> A is configured such that a lower electrode 27 is provided for each pixel 12 and the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 is sandwiched between the lower electrode 27 and the upper electrode 26.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 of FIG. 4 Common to the solid-state imaging device 11 of FIG.
- the solid-state imaging device 11A is different from the solid-state imaging device 11 in FIG. 2 in that an isolation region 40A configured by a laminated structure of the insulating film 42 and the fixed charge film 43 is provided between the lower electrodes 27. It is said.
- the separation region 40A-1 provided between the pixels 12-1 and 12-2 is disposed so as to separate the lower electrodes 27-1 and 17-2, and has a fixed charge so as to be in contact with the organic photoelectric conversion film 24.
- a film 43-1 is formed, and an insulating film 42-1 is formed below the fixed charge film 43-1.
- the fixed charge film 43-1 is formed shallower than the thickness of the lower electrodes 27-1 and 17-2, and the insulating film 42-1 is formed deeper than the thickness of the lower electrodes 27-1 and 17-2. .
- the solid-state imaging device 11A having such a configuration, as with the solid-state imaging device 11 in FIG. 2, it is possible to improve the afterimage, to suppress the occurrence of leakage, and to increase the density. . Further, the solid-state imaging device 11A has a structure in which a larger amount of fixed charge is easily generated at the interface with the organic photoelectric conversion film 24 than the solid-state imaging device 11 of FIG. Therefore, the potential barrier between the lower electrodes 27 can be further increased.
- the electrode material is separated for each pixel 12. Then, etching for forming the lower electrode 27 is performed. At this time, the recess 61 is formed by etching until the thickness becomes deeper than the thickness of the lower electrode 27-1 and the lower electrode 27-2.
- an insulating film 62 is formed by laminating silicon oxide (SiO 2) over the entire surface of the insulating film 23 and the lower electrode 27, and the insulating film 62 is also formed inside the recess 61. Embedded. At this time, the thickness of the insulating film 62 is set to be less than the depth of the concave portion 61, and the insulating film 62 is formed so as to have at least the concave portion for stacking the fixed charge film 43 in the concave portion 61.
- the fixed charge film 63 is formed on the entire surface of the insulating film 62, and the fixed charge film 63 is also embedded inside the recess of the insulating film 62 corresponding to the recess 61.
- the insulating film 62 and the fixed charge film 63 formed on the upper surface of the lower electrode 27 are removed.
- the insulating film 42-1 and the fixed charge film 43-1 are formed by a part of the insulating film 62 and the fixed charge film 63 embedded in the recess 61, and the lower electrode 27-1 and the lower electrode 27-2 are formed.
- a separation region 40A-1 is provided therebetween.
- the organic photoelectric conversion film 24, the upper electrode 26, and the on-chip lens layer 25 are formed.
- the solid-state imaging device 11A in which the insulating film 42 and the fixed charge film 43 are formed by the above-described steps and the separation region 40A is provided so as to separate the lower electrodes 27 can be manufactured.
- the solid-state imaging device 11 of each embodiment as described above is, for example, an imaging system such as a digital still camera or a digital video camera, a mobile phone having an imaging function, or other equipment having an imaging function. It can be applied to various electronic devices.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of an imaging device mounted on an electronic device.
- the imaging apparatus 101 includes an optical system 102, an imaging element 103, a signal processing circuit 104, a monitor 105, and a memory 106, and can capture still images and moving images.
- the optical system 102 includes one or more lenses, guides image light (incident light) from a subject to the image sensor 103, and forms an image on a light receiving surface (sensor unit) of the image sensor 103.
- the solid-state image sensor 11 of each embodiment described above is applied.
- electrons are accumulated for a certain period according to an image formed on the light receiving surface via the optical system 102. Then, a signal corresponding to the electrons accumulated in the image sensor 103 is supplied to the signal processing circuit 104.
- the signal processing circuit 104 performs various signal processing on the pixel signal output from the image sensor 103.
- An image (image data) obtained by performing signal processing by the signal processing circuit 104 is supplied to the monitor 105 and displayed, or supplied to the memory 106 and stored (recorded).
- the number of pixels or the size can be reduced by applying the solid-state imaging device 11 of each embodiment described above.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a usage example in which the above-described image sensor (solid-state imaging device 11) is used.
- the image sensor described above can be used in various cases for sensing light such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, and X-ray as follows.
- Devices for taking images for viewing such as digital cameras and mobile devices with camera functions
- Devices used for traffic such as in-vehicle sensors that capture the back, surroundings, and interiors of vehicles, surveillance cameras that monitor traveling vehicles and roads, and ranging sensors that measure distances between vehicles, etc.
- Equipment used for home appliances such as TVs, refrigerators, air conditioners, etc. to take pictures and operate the equipment according to the gestures ⁇ Endoscopes, equipment that performs blood vessel photography by receiving infrared light, etc.
- Equipment used for medical and health care ⁇ Security equipment such as security surveillance cameras and personal authentication cameras ⁇ Skin measuring instrument for photographing skin and scalp photography Such as a microscope to do beauty Equipment used for sports-Equipment used for sports such as action cameras and wearable cameras for sports applications-Used for agriculture such as cameras for monitoring the condition of fields and crops apparatus
- this technique can also take the following structures.
- a lower electrode provided for each pixel so as to sandwich a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material between the upper electrode and the upper electrode;
- a solid-state imaging device comprising: a separation region configured to have at least a fixed charge film having a fixed charge in an arrangement for separating the lower electrodes from each other between the pixels.
- the isolation region includes the fixed charge film formed shallower than the thickness of the lower electrode so as to contact the photoelectric conversion film, and an insulating layer formed deeper than the thickness of the lower electrode on the lower layer side of the fixed charge film.
- the solid-state imaging device according to (1) which is formed by a laminated structure with a film.
- the solid-state image sensor is a hole readout method, The solid-state imaging device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the fixed charge film has a positive fixed charge.
- the solid-state imaging device is an electronic readout method, The solid-state imaging device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the fixed charge film has a negative fixed charge.
- a lower electrode provided for each pixel is formed so as to sandwich a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material between the upper electrode and
- a method for manufacturing a solid-state imaging device comprising: forming an isolation region including at least a fixed charge film having a fixed charge in an arrangement for separating the lower electrodes from each other between the pixels.
- a lower electrode provided for each pixel so as to sandwich a photoelectric conversion film containing an organic material between the upper electrode and the upper electrode;
- An electronic apparatus comprising: a solid-state imaging device having an isolation region configured to have at least a fixed charge film having a fixed charge in an arrangement for separating the lower electrodes between the pixels.
- 11 solid-state imaging device 12 pixels, 21 semiconductor substrate, 22 wiring layer, 23 insulating film, 24 organic photoelectric conversion film, 25 on-chip lens layer, 26 upper electrode, 27 lower electrode, 28 microlens, 40 separation region, 41 fixed Charge film, 42 insulating film, 43 fixed charge film
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Abstract
Description
・自動停止等の安全運転や、運転者の状態の認識等のために、自動車の前方や後方、周囲、車内等を撮影する車載用センサ、走行車両や道路を監視する監視カメラ、車両間等の測距を行う測距センサ等の、交通の用に供される装置
・ユーザのジェスチャを撮影して、そのジェスチャに従った機器操作を行うために、TVや、冷蔵庫、エアーコンディショナ等の家電に供される装置
・内視鏡や、赤外光の受光による血管撮影を行う装置等の、医療やヘルスケアの用に供される装置
・防犯用途の監視カメラや、人物認証用途のカメラ等の、セキュリティの用に供される装置
・肌を撮影する肌測定器や、頭皮を撮影するマイクロスコープ等の、美容の用に供される装置
・スポーツ用途等向けのアクションカメラやウェアラブルカメラ等の、スポーツの用に供される装置
・畑や作物の状態を監視するためのカメラ等の、農業の用に供される装置
(1)
上部電極との間に有機材料を含む光電変換膜を挟み込むように、画素ごとに設けられる下部電極と、
前記画素間で前記下部電極どうしを分離する配置で、固定電荷を有する固定電荷膜を少なくとも有して構成される分離領域と
を備える固体撮像素子。
(2)
前記分離領域は、前記下部電極の厚みよりも深く形成された前記固定電荷膜により形成される
上記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(3)
前記分離領域は、前記光電変換膜に接するように前記下部電極の厚みよりも浅く形成された前記固定電荷膜と、前記固定電荷膜の下層側において前記下部電極の厚みよりも深く形成された絶縁膜との積層構造により形成される
上記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(4)
前記固体撮像素子は、ホール読み出し方式であり、
前記固定電荷膜は、正の固定電荷を有する
上記(1)から(3)までのいずれかに記載の固体撮像素子。
(5)
前記固体撮像素子は、電子読み出し方式であり、
前記固定電荷膜は、負の固定電荷を有する
上記(1)から(3)までのいずれかに記載の固体撮像素子。
(6)
上部電極との間に有機材料を含む光電変換膜を挟み込むように、画素ごとに設けられる下部電極を形成し、
前記画素間で前記下部電極どうしを分離する配置で、固定電荷を有する固定電荷膜を少なくとも有して構成される分離領域を形成する
ステップを含む固体撮像素子の製造方法。
(7)
上部電極との間に有機材料を含む光電変換膜を挟み込むように、画素ごとに設けられる下部電極と、
前記画素間で前記下部電極どうしを分離する配置で、固定電荷を有する固定電荷膜を少なくとも有して構成される分離領域と
を有する固体撮像素子を備える電子機器。
Claims (7)
- 上部電極との間に有機材料を含む光電変換膜を挟み込むように、画素ごとに設けられる下部電極と、
前記画素間で前記下部電極どうしを分離する配置で、固定電荷を有する固定電荷膜を少なくとも有して構成される分離領域と
を備える固体撮像素子。 - 前記分離領域は、前記下部電極の厚みよりも深く形成された前記固定電荷膜により形成される
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記分離領域は、前記光電変換膜に接するように前記下部電極の厚みよりも浅く形成された前記固定電荷膜と、前記固定電荷膜の下層側において前記下部電極の厚みよりも深く形成された絶縁膜との積層構造により形成される
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記固体撮像素子は、ホール読み出し方式であり、
前記固定電荷膜は、正の固定電荷を有する
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記固体撮像素子は、電子読み出し方式であり、
前記固定電荷膜は、負の固定電荷を有する
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 上部電極との間に有機材料を含む光電変換膜を挟み込むように、画素ごとに設けられる下部電極を形成し、
前記画素間で前記下部電極どうしを分離する配置で、固定電荷を有する固定電荷膜を少なくとも有して構成される分離領域を形成する
ステップを含む固体撮像素子の製造方法。 - 上部電極との間に有機材料を含む光電変換膜を挟み込むように、画素ごとに設けられる下部電極と、
前記画素間で前記下部電極どうしを分離する配置で、固定電荷を有する固定電荷膜を少なくとも有して構成される分離領域と
を有する固体撮像素子を備える電子機器。
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JP2020013909A (ja) * | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 受光素子、測距モジュール、および、電子機器 |
JP7451029B2 (ja) | 2017-11-09 | 2024-03-18 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 固体撮像装置、および電子機器 |
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